responding to natural disasters: the role of space based information
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Vladimir Smakhtin at the National Workshop on “Use of Space Based Information for Disaster Management” Colombo, Sri Lanka, November 17, 2014.TRANSCRIPT
VLADIMIR SMAKHTIN, GIRIRAJ AMARNATH, PAUL PAVELIC, BRINDHA KARTHIKEYAN
International Water Management Institute
National workshop on
“Use of Space based information in Disaster Management”
Colombo, Sri Lanka,17 November 2014
RESPONDING TO NATURAL DISASTERS: THE ROLE OF
SPACE BASED INFORMATION
WATER-RELATED DISASTERS: THE WORLD
Average annual characteristics over 1980-2008
Source -EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Brussels
• Floods and droughts account for about 90% of all people affected by all natural disasters
• Frequency and intensity of these events increases with changing climate
• Annual damages may rise to over 400 bill USD globally by 2030
Distribution of Deaths and People Affected
WATER-RELATED DISASTERS: SRI LANKA
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
Drought1987
Drought1982
Flood1983
Tsunami2004
Storm1978
Flood1969
Drought2001
Drought1988
Flood2003
Flood1989
0
50000000
100000000
150000000
200000000
250000000
300000000
Flood1992
Storm1978
Storm1964
Flood1989
Flood1991
Flood2003
Flood1969
Flood1966
Flood1967
People affected – millions
Economic damage – hundreds millions $
Source -EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Brussels
CATASTROPHIC FLOOD HOTSPOTS, ASIA
• 6 global data sources, 4000+ floods ,100 km grid
• Numbers of floods in each cell over 1900-2011
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Sep 22, 2011
Estimated inundation extent
MODIS Satellite Image,
MAPPING FLOOD EXTENT USING REMOTE SENSING
Ganges Basin, India
SUB-CONTINENTAL FLOOD MAPPING: SOUTH ASIA
• 8-days maps of inundation extent
• Annual maps of maximum inundation
• Inter-annual variation of regional flooding extent
Flood
Mixed (Crop)
Water bodies
Inter-annual variation (2000 – 2011)
Normal River
2010
2010
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SUB-CONTINENTAL FLOOD MAPPING: SOUTH EAST ASIA
Flood over land use
Flood over population
Flood Frequency
Regional View; e.g. 13th Oct 2011
SOUTH ASIA DROUGHT MONITORING SYSTEM (DMS)
Builds on IWMI’s previous experience in on-line drought monitoring in SW Asia
Near-real time, weekly, 250 m spatial resolution, drought severity maps
NDVI deviation map for a District
Time Series graph
Drought free zone
Mild Drought zone
Severe Drought zone
DMS: INTEGRATED
MONITORING APPROACHSatellite Data
RS and Meteorological Data
Biophysical Data
Data Input variables
1) NDVI; VCI; Ratio of ET-PET2) Percent Annual Seasonal
Greenness (PASG)3) Start of Season Anomaly
(SOSA)
1) Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
2) LST & TCI
1) Land cover2) GIAM3) AWC4) Ecoregion5) Elevation
Regression Tree Model using Cubist
1. Integrated Database Development
2. Model Development 3. Map GenerationDrought Severity Index
4. Online Visualization Platform
Regional to basin level applications and decision support products
SA bi-weekly, monthly products
Basin-level high resolution products
Country-level, 1-km, biweekly
products
Water managers
Irrigation Districts
StateAgencies
AcademicInstitutions
FederalAgencies
InternationalAgencies
ScientificCommunity
Disaster ReliefOrganization
www.iwmi.org
Water for a food-secure world
2014 DROUGHT: REALITY CHECK OF SPACE BASED DATA
2014 drought seriously damaged crops in
Kurunegala, Anuradhapura, Polonaruwa districts
• Quantification of drought’s magnitude, spatial extent, and impact – through a
combination of climate, vegetation and biophysical indicators
• On-line prototype drought monitoring tool – the basis for coordination of regional
drought mitigation effort.
• Identified hot-spot areas – where droughts are more intense and frequent – to plan
preventive measures
• National capacity in drought monitoring in all participating countries
• Regional sharing and dissemination of operational drought information
SOUTH ASIA DMS: PLANNED OUTPUTS
MANAGING FLOODS AND DROUGHTS TOGETHER:Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI)
MANAGING FLOODS AND DROUGHTS TOGETHER:Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI)
MANAGING FLOODS AND DROUGHTS TOGETHER:Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI)
MANAGING FLOODS AND DROUGHTS TOGETHER:Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI)
UTFI SYSTEM DESIGN
rice paddies
canals
Infiltration ponds
well
recharge structure
irrigation
city
+ ++
++
+
+
++++
+
flood prone
sea
+
dam
diversion
Photos: IWMI
Rural Farmers
Urban Flood Managers
Surface Water
Opportunities
Impacts
UpstreamDownstream
Groundwater
UTFI – ONE SOLUTION TO MULTIPLE PROBLEMS
THE ROLE OF SPACE INFORMATION:
Input to UTFI suitability analysis
• Around 30 indicators reflecting various aspects of suitability (geohydrology, land
use, topography, flood risks, population, etc). Many indicator are derived from RS