responding to cyclones
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy at Dr. MCR HRD IAPTRANSCRIPT
- 1.Responding to cyclones
Lessons learned
3 Aug 11
Program on Cyclone Risk Mitigation and Management
Dr. N. SaiBhaskar Reddy, CEO, GEO http://e-geo.org
Center for Disaster Preparedness (CDP)
Dr. MCR HRD Institute of AP
2. Cyclone
A weather system consisting of an area of low pressure, in which
winds circulate at speeds exceeding 61 km/hr, also known as Cyclone
or Tropical Storm.
3. Same Storm - Different Name
4. Cyclones Vulnerability
A long coastline of about 7,516 km of flat coastal terrain, shallow
continental shelf, high population density, geographical location
and physiological features of its coastal areas makes India, in the
North Indian Ocean (NIO) Basin, extremely vulnerable to cyclones
and its associated hazards like storm tide (the combined effects of
storm surge and astronomical tide), high velocity wind and heavy
rains.
5. Thirteen coastal states and Union Territories (UTs) in the
country, encompassing 84 coastal districts, are affected by
tropical cyclones. Four states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa
and West Bengal) and one UT (Puducherry) on the east coast and one
state (Gujarat) on the west coast are more vulnerable to hazards
associated with cyclones.
6. Tropical Cyclones
Most widespread destructive weather hazard
For example: Hurricane Floyd (1999)
only a moderate level hurricane
caused US$5.6 billion in damage in the Bahamas and North Carolina
(USA) and 57 fatalities
(Left) Three different cyclones spinning over the western Pacific
Ocean on August 7, 2006.
7. Tropical Cyclones
Background:
Can be deadly!
For example, in 1991 a large cyclone in Bangladesh killed
>138,000 people in just two days!
8. How do cyclones form?
The above figure shows how cyclones form. The green arrows show
where warm air is rising. The red arrows indicate where cool air is
sinking.
9. Cyclone Categories
The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
10. Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina was the most costly and most deadly hurricane in
the history of the USA.
Category 5
At least 1,836 fatalities
Damage estimated at US$ 81.2 billion
11. What damage is produced?
Storm Surge
water that is pushed toward the shore by the force of the cyclone
winds.
12. What damage is produced?
Wind
responsible for the loss of power and utilities
wind damage affects larger areas than surge
flying debris
tree loss
13. Cyclones from 1891 2002
14. Super Cyclone
The super cyclone of October 1999 generated a wind speed of 252
km/h with an ensuing surge of 79m close to Paradip in Orissa which
caused unprecedented inland inundation up to 35 km from the coast.
It is worth noting that, at times, persistent standing water was
identified in the satellite imageries even 11 days after the
cyclone landfall, as it happened in the Krishna delta in May 1990
and in several other instances. The Andhra Pradesh cyclone in 1977
which hit DiviSeemaalso generated winds exceeding 250 km per
hour.
15. AP state response after 1996 Cyclone
In the aftermath of another devastating cyclone that affected the
north Andhra Pradesh coast in 1996, the Government of Andhra
Pradesh has set up a separate Disaster Management Unit (DMU) to
implement the World Bank-funded Andhra Pradesh Hazard Mitigation
and Emergency Cyclone Recovery Project (APHM & ECRP), and is
currently functioning as the Andhra Pradesh State Disaster
Mitigation Society (APSDMS).
16. The Disaster Management Act, 2005
lays down institutional and coordination mechanism for effective
Disaster Management (DM) at the national, state, district and local
levels. As mandated by this Act, the Government of India (GoI)
created a multi-tiered institutional system consisting of the
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) headed by the Prime
Minister, the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) by the
respective Chief Ministers and the District Disaster Management
Authorities (DDMAs) by the District Collectors and co-chaired by
Chairpersons of the local bodies. These bodies have been set up to
facilitate a paradigm shift from the hitherto reliefcentric
approach to a more proactive, holistic and integrated approach of
strengthening disaster preparedness, mitigation and emergency
response.
17. National Disaster Management Authority
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), as the apex body
in the GoI, has the responsibility of laying down policies, plans
and guidelines for DM and coordinating their enforcement and
implementation for ensuring timely and effective response to
disasters
18. In essence, NDMA will concentrate on prevention, preparedness,
mitigation, rehabilitation, reconstruction and recovery and also
formulate appropriate policies and guidelines for effective and
synergisednational disaster response and relief. It will also
coordinate the enforcement and implementation of policies and
plans.
19. National Disaster Response Force
The DM Act 2005 has mandated the constitution of the National
Disaster Response Force (NDRF) for the purpose of specialised
response to a threatening disaster situation or disaster. The
general superintendence, direction and control of the force is
vested in, and exercised by, NDMA and the command and supervision
of this force is vested in the Director General of NDRF. Presently,
NDRF comprises eight battalions with further expansion to be
considered in due course.
20. National Institute of Disaster Management
The National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) has
institutional capacity development as one of its major
responsibilities along with training, documentation of research,
networking and development of a national level information base.
NIDM will function closely within the broad policies and guidelines
laid down by NDMA and assist in developing training modules, impart
training to trainers and DM officials and strengthening of
Administrative Training Institutes (ATIs) in the state. It will
also be responsible for synthesisingresearch activities. NIDM will
be geared towards emerging as a Centre of Excellence at the
national and international levels.
21. State Disaster Management Authority
At the state level, the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)
headed by the Chief Minister, will lay down policies and plans for
DM in the state. It will, inter alia, approve the state plan in
accordance with the guidelines laid down by NDMA,
22. District Disaster Management Authority
At the cutting edge level, the District Disaster Management
Authority (DDMA) headed by the District Magistrate, with the
elected representative of the local authority as the
cochairperson,willact as the planning, coordinating and
implementing body for DM and take all necessary measures for the
purposes of DM in the district in accordance with the guidelines
laid down by NDMA and SDMA.
23. Local Authorities
This includes Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), PanchayatiRaj Institutions
(PRIs), district and Cantonment Boards and Town Planning
Authorities for control and management of civic services. These
bodies will ensure capacity building of their officers and
employees in DM, carry out relief, rehabilitation and
reconstruction activities in the affected areas and will prepare DM
plans in consonance with guidelines of NDMA, SDMAs and DDMAs
24. Civil Defence
In any disaster, it is the community that is always the first
responder. Outside help comes in only later. Training the community
and making such response organised is therefore of utmost
importance.
25. Early Warning Systems
WMO
IMD
Hydrological
Oceanographic
Meteorological satellite data
from ships, observations from ocean data buoys,
coastal radars (conventional and Doppler) and
national and international satellites (geo-stationary and polar
orbiting)
Automatic weather stations
Rain gauges
Wind profilers
26. Community Preparedness
EFICOR formed the Disaster Management Committee (DMC) in each
target habitation. The DMC has takenup the ownership of community
assets (raised borewells pump sets, etc.). The Village level DMC's
were attached to a single management structure, called Disaster
Management Society. Core members of the Federation were provided
necessary training and exposure for managing the future disasters.
This federation is also tapping government resources and managing
their own programmes. Each DMC in consultation with DMS is
mobilizing the available resources from the Govt. and other sources
during the time of disaster occurrence. In each DMC at least 2 to 3
women members were nominated.
DMC also ensures the consistency of Task force s, periodic mock
drill exercises that are to be performed in the habitations in
every quarter. DMC also makes sure that there is a review and
updation of Task Force and DMC in every 3 years, for active
participation from all levels in the habitations.
27. The Disaster Management Bill, 2005
Disaster Management Act, 2005
The National Disaster Management Authority
National Disaster Response Force
State Disaster Management Authority
DM COMMITTEE
DM COMMITTEE
DM COMMITTEE
DM COMMITTEE
DM COMMITTEE
DM COMMITTEE
DM COMMITTEE
DM COMMITTEE
District Disaster Management Authority
DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT CELL / TASK FORCE / RELIEF AND
REHABILITATION CELL
MP / MLA
ZP CHAIRPERSON
DISTRICT COLLECTOR / JOINT COLLECTOR / CEO
SC / ST CORPORATION
ITDA
IEM
RDO / SUB-COLLECTOR
LAW AND ORDER
ENGINEER
DM SOCIETY
MRO / MDO
AGRICULTURE
MPTC / ZPTC
HEALTH
DMC / DMS Organisational Structure
DMCs of each village in the area
GRAM PANCHAYAT
DM COMMITTEE
TASK FORCE TEAMS
CBOs RYTHU MITHRA GROUPS, SELF-HELP GROUPS, ETC.
FIRST AID
SHELTER MANAGEMENT
RELIEF
RESCUE
WARNING
28. Capacity Development
29. Pre flood activities
Conducting meeting in the village regarding the possible extent of
flood and actions to be taken.
Checking of all rescue material. i.e.- bottles, coconut, ropes,
thermocoal boats, etc
Early warning group preparation
Identification of old people, pregnant ladies, kids
Identification of high raised place
Rice collected from all households
First aid material made ready
Kept ear on Radio news by warning groups
30. During flood activities
Announcement in the village
Evacuation to safer place to old age people, ladies, kids, sick
people & live stock
Moved people to safer place (i.e. aged people, pregnant women,
children, sick people etc)
Arrangement for temporary shelter
Approached Govt. for emergency relief
Availed rice and dal from Government for camp.
Used EFICOR high raised bore well for drinking water
Monitored the Water levels and receding status.
31. Post flood activities
Flood Area survey
House damage survey
Water logging sites survey
Call to govt. medical team for medication
Cleaning of Debris and cleaning whole Village.
Bleaching powder spreading in water and logging areas
House damage assessment
Crop damage assessment (both the reports were given to the govt
officials, they were so amazed to see that how accurately it has
been done. Further the compensation and new houses were sectioned
according to this assessment.
Relief from Govt. & EFICOR distributed through DMC & Task
force
Govt. Relief distributed equally in the village
Sick people were taken to hospital
32. How do we mitigate the hazard from a cyclone?
Monitoring
early warning systems
Infrastructure
cyclone walls
communal shelters
Education and planning
33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Intense tropical cyclone activity has
increased
in the North Atlantic since about 1970
-Hurricane Katrina, 2005: up to $200 billion cost estimate
38. Wetlands mitigate impact of tidal surge, cyclones, coastal
erosion and tsunamis
39. What Is a Wetland?
Although wetlands are often wet, a wetland might not be wet
year-round. In fact, some of the most important wetlands are only
seasonally wet. Wetlands are the
link between the land and the water. They are transition zones
where the flow of water, the cycling of nutrients, and the energy
of the sun meet to produce a unique ecosystem characterized by
hydrology, soils, and vegetation
40. The frequency of heavy precipitation events has increased over
most land areas
- Rainfall in Mumbai (India), 2005:
1 million people lost their homes
41. Cyclonic Storm Laila
Cyclonic Storm Laila(IMD designation: BOB 01, JTWC designation:
01B) is the first cyclonic storm to affect southeastern India in
May since the1990 Andhra Pradesh cyclone. The first tropical
cycloneof the2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Laila
developed on May17 in theBay of Bengalfrom a persistent area
ofconvection. Strengthening as it tracked northwestward, it became
asevere cyclonic stormon May19. The next day, Laila madelandfall
inAndhra Pradesh, and it later dissipated over land. It caused
flooding and damage along its path.Lailais anArabicname,
meaningNight. It is the worst storm to hit Andhra Pradesh over the
last 14 years. The cyclone caused heavy destruction in Prakasam,
Krishna and Guntur districts and preliminary reports prepared by
the State government put the loss at over Rs 500 crore.
42. Cyclonic Storm Jal
Cyclonic Storm Jal(IMD designation:BOB 05, JTWC designation:05B).
CycloneJal, is the fifth named cyclonic storm and the fourth Severe
Cyclonic Storm of the2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Jal
developed from alow pressure areain theSouth China Seathat
organized into a Tropical Depression onOctober 28. Jal is
aSanskritword, meaning water. At least 54 people are known to have
been killed in India.[1]As a tropical depression, Jal produced
torrential rains over parts of Thailand and Malaysia, triggering
severe flooding which killed 59 and four people in the two
countries respectively.[2]In Sri Lanka, heavy rainfall with strong
winds have caused flooding affecting around 80,000 people. A
cyclone warning was issued to the eastIndiancoasts which were
already hit by a strong monsoonal trough that caused severe
flooding and killed hundreds of people displacing many more. Storm
warning signals were hoisted inGanjamandJagatsinghpurdistricts of
Odisha.[37]Over 70,000 people evacuated from four districts of
Andhra Pradesh, the authorities provided shelter in relief camps
across interior Andhra Pradesh.
43. Orissa Super Cyclone 1999
Human Lives Lost- 10086
Persons injured - 12507
Population Affected - 15.6 million
Houses damaged or washed away - 1.8 million
Crop area damaged - 1.8 million hectare
Collapse ofcommunication network
Administration paralyzed in initial phase
44. Long term rehabilitation
World Bank Assisted US$ 500 million Orissa Cyclone reconstruction
Project
Project components:
Construction of Multi-Purpose Cyclone Shelters
Cyclone resistant building construction technology for house
reconstruction
Community based awareness programmes
Training of disaster managers
Establishment of disaster task forces at micro level
Central, State, District and Local level Disaster Management
Plans.
45. New initiatives after Orissa Super cyclone
- Early warning system for cyclone developed
46. Network of cyclone shelters constructed 47. Livelihood restoration integrated in poverty alleviation program 48. High Powered Committee on disaster management set up,