Respiratory System

BYHarishankar SahuSnehaNeha Bala

Human Respiratory System

The Respiratory System is what controls breathing. It brings in the oxygen your body needs and gets rid of the carbon dioxide that is left over.

Breathing, or pulmonary ventilation, consist of inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation).

If you didn’t breathe you would pass out or die.

Parts of Respiratory system

The Mechanisms of Breathing

Inspiration Expiration

Air rich in O2 enters the lungs from the atmosphere

The diaphragm contracts or flattens

The intercostal muscles raise the ribs

Air rich in C02 exits the lungs

The diaphragm relaxes The intercostal muscles

lower the ribs

Regulation of Breathing

Respiratory center of the brain◦ Medulla oblongata – controls rhythm and depth of breathing◦ Pons – controls the rate of breathing

Other factors◦ CO2 levels in the blood◦ pH of the blood◦ Fear and pain◦ Inflation reflex

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Gas exchange at the lungs and in the body cells moves oxygen into cells and carbon dioxide out.

AMAZING FACTS

…..CONTINUEToronto-based thoracic surgeon, Joel D. Cooper

performed the first successful single lung transplant in 1983, as well as the first double lung transplant in 1986.

Every person takes about an average of 16 breaths per minute, 960 per hour, 23,040 a day, 8.4 million per year, and 672.768 million, over a lifetime of 80 years.

New born babies can take about 30 to 60 breaths per minute, up to 6 weeks after birth.

About 17.5 ml of water is expelled every hour, through exhalation in form of water vapour.

Common Diseases and Disorders Disease Description

Allergic Rhinitis

Hypersensitivity reaction to various airborne allergens

Asthma A condition in which the tubes of the bronchial tree become obstructed due to inflammation

Lung Cancer Cancer closely associated with smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke; four types of lung cancers

Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi often follows a cold; one type of COPD

Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.)

Disease DescriptionChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A group of lung disorders that limit airflow to lungs and usually cause enlargement of the alveoli

Tuberculosis Primarily a respiratory disease caused by various strains of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Influenza A viral disease that attacks the respiratory system; commonly called the flu

Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.)

Disease DescriptionPleuritis / Pleurisy Inflammation of the membranes that cover

the lungs, known as pleura

Pneumoconiosis Lung diseases that result from years environmental or occupational exposure to different types of dust; three types

Pulmonary Edema A condition in which fluids fill spaces within the lungs, making it very difficult for the lungs to oxygenate the blood