Posters / Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 13S1 (2012) S51–S85 S69

Results: The analysis included data from 319 children (174 girls). The

average age was 8.6 years (min 5, max 15). The median for weight,

height and BMI percentiles were 35, 23 and 59, respectively. The

average of parents’ schooling was 7.7±3.1 years after kindergarten

education. In the neonatal and breastfeeding age, we identified that

20/310 (6.4%) were preterm; 8/310 (2.6%) required intensive therapy

at birth; 7/314 (2.3%) needed supplemental oxygen at home and

30/314 (9.6%) were not breast fed over their first trimester. As for

the current environmental exposure, 31/319 (9.7%) are exposed to

second-hand smoke and 224/319 (70.2%) to smoke from biomass

burning (lumber or coal). As for physical activity, 149/211 (70.6%)

perform intense physical activity <3 days/week and watch TV

10 hours/week (0hrs min, 72hrs max). According to sleeping

time, 13/256 (5%) snore >3 nights a week and only two (0.7%)

presented apnea >3 nights a week. Wheezing (ever) and cough were

the most frequent symptoms observed in 30/295 (10.2%) and in

135/291 (46.4%), respectively. The most frequent diagnostics were:

bronchitis 15/285 (5.3%), pneumonia 12/285 (4.2%) and asthma

24/286 (8.4%).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that 3 out of 4 children living

in rural areas of Mexico have at least a respiratory risk factor,

where the biomass smoke exposure is the main one. It is required

to implement urgent actions to diminish risk factors and the

respiratory morbidity in children that live in rural communities

in Mexico.

J05-259

Burden of influenza in children in the community

C.B. Kartasasmita, C. Murad, K. Mutyara, P. Tessa. School of Medicine,

University Padjadjaran Pediatrics, Bandung, Indonesia

The incidence of influenza in children in the community is not

yet reported in Indonesia. In June 2009, a pandemic influenza was

declared by the WHO, and released on August 2009. The aim of

this study is to know the incidence of influenza in children in two

rural communities, in Bandung subdistrict, West Java, Indonesia. The

study was conducted in two rural health centers from October 2008

to September 2011. All children with history of fever ≥38°C

and respiratory symptoms were enrolled, after their guardians

signed informed consent. History and physical examination were

performed, and a nasopharyngeal swab was obtained by a trained

field doctor. The specimens were tested by RT-PCR.

During 3 years study, 2023 children age <18 years of age, with ILI

were enrolled in the study, 259 (12.8%) of them showed positive

influenza A, 135 (52%) were boys. According to age group the

highest incidence of influenza were children of age 6 to 14 years

(164 children, 61%). Further test to know the influenza strain showed

that H1N1, H3N2 and pH1N1 were found 5 (1.9%), 122 (47.1%), and

107 (41.3%), respectively. Influenza A was found year-round, the peak

incidence of H3N2 was from November to December 2008 and May

to June 2011, 27.1% and 26.2% respectively; and pH1N1 was high

from July to August 2009 and May to June 2011, 42.1% and 31.8%,

respectively.

As conclusions, the incidence of influenza A is high, especially H3N2

and pH1N1; during pandemic season the incidence of pH1N1 higher

is very high.

Category 10. Investigation and Diagnostic Tests

K01-74

Respiratory mechanics in healthy newborns studied with the

forced oscillation technique

H. Szabo1, Z. Gyurkovits1, B. Radics1, B. Maar1, H. Orvos1, P.D. Sly2,

Z. Hantos1. 1University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 2University of

Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Background and Aims: Whereas various techniques have been

employed in the measurement of lung function in infants, limited

information is available on the mechanical properties of the

respiratory system in healthy neonates. We aimed at establishing

resistive and elastic parameters of the respiratory system with

forced oscillations superimposed on spontaneous breathing.

Methods: Fifty-four term newborns (body weight (BW):

3225±480(SD) g) with spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD; n =29)

and Caesarian section (C; n =25) were studied between 2 and 24hr

after birth. Small-amplitude pseudorandom forced oscillations in

the 8–48-Hz frequency range were superimposed on spontaneous

breathing via a bacterial filter and a face mask. Respiratory

impedance (Zrs) was measured with the wave-tube technique, and a

pneumotachograph was used for monitoring the breathing pattern.

The Zrs data were corrected for the impedances of the filter and

the face mask. The dead space of the equipment was flushed with

air at 2 l/min. Zrs was recorded in successive 30-s intervals until

the breathing pattern became regular reflecting accommodation to

the face mask. The average study time in a newborn was ~10min.

In 5 newborns no steady state breathing was reached and technical

problems arose in 2 more cases; their data were discarded. Data

epoches with the lowest Zrs values were averaged in each subject

and the mean data were evaluated by calculating the average

resistance (R) and fitting an elastance (E)–– inertance (I) model

in the 8–32-Hz frequency range.

Results: Newborns with high Zrs values associated with obvious

nasal congestion and noisy breathing (n =5) were excluded from

the analysis. In the remaining population (SVD: n =21; C: n =21),

the mean±SD values of R, E, I and resonant frequency were

36±11hPa·s/l, 1267±346hPa/l, 0.054±0.021hPa·s2/l and 25±4Hz,

respectively. The intraindividual variations in Zrs were considerable

(20–100%) in the majority of newborns. There were no differences

in body weight and Zrs parameters between the SVD and C groups,

and no statistically significant correlation was found between BW

and the Zrs parameters.

Conclusions: The high success rate indicates that the noninvasive

measurement of respiratory mechanics can be accomplished in

healthy newborns in the first day of life. The interindividual

differences in the Zrs parameters were unrelated to that in

BW, which most likely resulted from within-subject changes due

to instabilities in the sleep level, breathing pattern and lung

volume. Since the average Zrs values were apparently stable with

the resumption of quiet sleep, these latter factors need to be

investigated in further studies.

K02-76

The contribution of computerized tomography to the diagnosis

and treatment of tracho- and broncho-malacia in children

S. Cohen1, B. Kupelevtz2, A. Avital1, C. Springer1. 1Hadassah hospital

ped. pulmonology, Jerusalem, Israel; 2Hadassah University Medical

Center Radiology, Jerusalem, Israel

General: The rapidly increasing use in CT, larger doses and increased

lifetime radiation in children may all increase the risk for cancer.

Aim: To evaluate the contribution of CT in the evaluation of Tracheo-

Bronchomalacia in children.