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3 RESILIENT RED HOOK sarena rabinowitz & eugene lubomir

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Degree Project Research Pratt Institute Brooklyn, NY

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  • 3RESILIENT RED HOOKsarena rabinowitz & eugene lubomir

  • 4

  • 5CHAPTER 1_ Thesis Thesis Statement 6 Hypothesis & Opportunities 7

    CHAPTER 2_ Site Existing Conditions 10 Site History 16

    Timeline 18 Site Visit 20Walkthrough 22 Mappings 24

    CHAPTER 3_ Problems & OppertunitiesFlooding 42

    Future Industry 44 Connectivity 45 Conceptual References 46

    CHAPTER 4_ Projection: The ArmatureStrategy 48

    Focus Sites 52 Deployment Sequence 52

    Conceptual Renders 56

    CHAPTER 5_ Bibliography

    Precedents 61 References 68

    INDEX

  • 6THESISFor a city defi ned by the waters edge, New York is not known for its integration with the waterfront. Its development has been inward and upward, but not along its periphery. This has resulted in a den-sity that has become the model of mod-ern citys worldwide but also resulted in an uneven development of the urban landscape.Red Hook has long existed as a neighborhood on the periphery both literally and culturally. Consistently defi ned by its dominant industry, Red Hook has expe-rienced waves of change as its landscape has shifted from marshland, to farmland, to shipping center and when the shipping industry was irreversibly changed; it experienced a collapse from which it took its new normal. A future Red Hook cannot be wholly invested on a single industry but instead hedge its future on many it must become a breeding ground for future industries.

    Previously a self-suffi cient neighborhood where people lived and work, its balance was thrown off when it lost the bulk of its jobs over a short period of time. Current-ly a place suitable best for those that work from home, its residents have diffi culty staying connected with the city at large. A neighborhood disconnected from its city, Red Hook must become open to new and alternative modes of connectivity.

    Situated entirely in Zone A, Red Hook is in a vulnerable position in event of natural disasters. But unlike other places where risk might be a deterrent, Red Hook pos-sesses the spirit to survive. In order to do so, it will need to reconsider its shortcom-ings with a more optimistic but weary attitude hoping for the best, meanwhile, preparing for the worst. It must evolve to both be ready for, and even welcoming of the inevitable fl ooding.

    Red Hook was too homogeneous in what it had to off er its residents too infl ex-ible when it was confronted by change. The future of Red Hook is one of fl exibility, openness and new ideas the future is Resilient Red Hook.

  • 7HYPOTHESIS

    An armature responsive to these three issues, could bring a cohesiveness to Red Hooks disconnected areas of opportunity. Superimposing a new datum and intro-ducing an elevated circulation through a gesture at the scale of the neighborhood, responsive to its context at the scale of the street, we could engage the components and confront them on their shortcomings.

    Perhaps the neighborhood can fi nd an alternative to automotive and subway transit perhaps elevated? suspended? community based? water based?

    Develop bike use as culture Take advantage of red hooks waterfront access to develop ferry connectivity. Introduce elevated transportation system that connects to Atlantic terminal. Unify the waterfront as a site for public pedes- trian occupation.

    Red Hooks collapse resulted from falling behind while innovations arose elsewhere, leaving it redundant and behind could it be better insured by cultivating its own?

    Attract and cultivate craft workers / a creative enclave. Develop incentive as a tech center and incubate new business. Develop water-based transportation

    Can Red Hook better insure itself by accepting the inevitable danger of water to a low-lying area? Can its presence and threat be an asset in leveraging the neighborhoods value to the city?

    Invest in better infrastructure to handle drainage. Reintroduce previously existing marshland to mediate storm surge and clean the water. Implement ecological instruments, such as oyster reefs. Build elevated; introduce a new datum, a secondary circulation that becomes primary in an emergency.

  • 8HYPOTHESIS

  • 9

  • 10 STATEN ISLAND

    NEW JERSEY

    RED HOOKBrooklyn, New York

  • 11

    BROOKLYN

    QUEENS

    MANHATTAN

    JERSEY CITY

    HOBOKEN

  • 12

    RED HOOKBrooklyn, New York

    1 Container Port

    2 Cruise Ship Terminal

    3 Van Brunt st.

    4 OConnell Warehouses

    5 Fairway

    6 Ikea

    7 Red Hook Houses

    8 Battery Park Tunnel

    9 Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE)

  • 13

    1

    2

    4

    5

    4

    4

    6

    7

    8

    93

  • 14

    RESIDENTS

  • 15

    TYPOLOGIES

    Row-Houses Warehouses Multi-Story Public Housing

  • 16

    Drydock at Todd Shipyards in Red Hook, 1928 Red Hooks past is fi lled with tales of industry and its decline. From the mid 19th century up until the mid 20th century, the Village of Red Hook was considered a main artery of the shipping trade in New York Harbor. With that said, its population during this time was primarily comprised of longshoremen and their families.

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    SHIPPING HISTORY

  • 17

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    TRANSPORTATION HISTORY

    BQE Viaduct under construction, 1941 Street Car running along Smith & Sakett Streets, 1893

  • Roosevelt (1933-35) Truman (1945-53) Eisenhower JFK LBJHHCoolige

    Neighborhood in decline...

    Po

    odel T becomes the most commerically ful automobile in history - stage set for n car culture.

    1936Red Hooks Pool and Bath-house opens

    1941Gowanus Expressway completed under Robert Moses, Girders go up for BQE, cuttting off Red Hook from the rest ofr Brooklyn

    1950Mouth of the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel opens up in Red Hook, further cutting off

    1945WW2 generates booming business for port industries, jobs soar

    1940sBall fields and stadium replace the neighborhoods depression-era shacks

    1955Design of the Standard Shipping container developed by Malcom McL& engineer Keith Tantlinger

    sevelt (1933-35)

    Neighborho

    1936Red Hooks Pool and Bath

    1941GowanusMoses, GHook from

    s

    o

    h

    s im

    man (1945-53) Eisenhower JFK LBJ

    decline...

    Po

    pens

    way completed under Robertup for BQE, cuttting off Redofr Brooklyn

    1950Mouth of the Brooklyn Battery Tunnelopens up in Red Hook, further cutting off

    1945WW2 generates booming business for port industries, jobs soar

    slds and stadium replace the

    borhoods depression-era shacks

    1955Design of the Standard Shipping container developed by Malcom McL& engineer Keith Tantlinger

    m

    d

    p

    wut

    eb

    ecomes the mmobile in histor

    ture.

    ecomes the momobile in histor

    t

    WW2 (1939-45) Cold War (1947-1991)WW1 (1914-18)

    194019301920 1950 1960

    194019301920 1950 1960

    18

    TIMELINE

  • Nixon Ford Carter Reagan Bush Bush Clinton Bush Obama

    Crime Ridden, desolate neighborhood, severed from rest of Brooklyn Recovery...

    st-Industrial

    1992Principle Patrick Daly killed in daylight during drug-related crossfire

    1989Sewage treatment plant opens, ending flow of raw sewage into the Gowanus.

    1995Community Outreach in place via the Public Safety Corps

    Late 1900sArtists occupy studio space in Red Hooks

    2008IKEA opens in Red Hook

    2006Fairway Opens Cruise Ship Dock Opens

    2009 90% of worlds non-bulk cargo travels by containers stacked on ships

    Lean

    1970s-1980sRedHook loses jobs and more than half its population during the financial crisis.

    1977Greg O Connel begins buying and restoring warehouses.

    Nixon Ford Carter Reagan Bu

    Crime Ridden, desolate neighborhood,severed from rest of Brooklyn

    st-Industrial

    19Sewflow

    Lean

    1970s-1980sRedHook loses jobs and more than half its population during the financial crisis.

    1977Greg O Connel begins buying andrestoring warehouses.

    98ww

    199019801970 2000 2010 2020

    199019801970 2000 2010 2020

    19

  • 20

    SCOPE OF IMPACT

    Men dispose of shopping carts full of food damaged by Hurricane Sandy at the Fairway supermarket in the Red Hook section of Brooklyn in New York, on October 31, 2012.

    Damaged goods and furniture set out for disposal from the basement of a local cafe.

    Area residents wade in fl ood waters the morning following Hurricane Sandy.Flood water resulting from the storm surge generated by Hurricane Sandy engulf the streets.

  • 21

    THE DAMAGE

    Wood-working tools are laid out to dry after being damaged by fl ood-water during Hurricane Sandy.Employees and volunteers remove damaged furniture and materials damaged by fl ood waters from the Beard St. Warehouses in Red Hook

    Men and women dispose of damaged furniture and appliances damaged by fl ood-water. A street is littered with the ruined contents of residential basements, fl owing their fl ooding during Hurricane Sandy.

  • 22

  • 23

  • 24

    MAPPINGS

  • VACANCY & OPEN SPACENOLI MAP

    25

    Open Space

    Parking Lots

    Vacant Lots

    Occupied Buildings

    City Blocks

  • 26

    MAPPINGS continued

    GRID STUDY FRESH TAX INCENTIVE

  • EDUCATION & YOUTH MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME

    After-School Program

    MuseumArt Gallery

    Public School

    Pre-school

    Land Mass

    65-85k85k+

    45-65k25-45k

    under 25k

    27

  • VACANT LOTSBUILDING AGE

    28

    MAPPINGS continued

    Vacant Lots

    Land Mass

    Areas of Concentration

    1950-2000

    2000+1900-1950

    1850-1900

    1800-1850

  • LAND USE OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION

    29

    Mixed Residential & Commercial

    Industrial & Manufacturing

    Commercial & Offi ce

    Multi-Family

    1 & 2 Family Residences

    Transportation & Utility

    Public Facilities

    Abandoned Lots & Structures

    Open Space and Recreation

    Parking Lots & Facilities

    Land Mass

  • ZONINGFLOOD PLAIN

    30

    MAPPINGS continued

    1950-2000

    2000+1900-1950

    1850-1900

    1800-1850

    Zone 4Zone 3

    Zone 2Zone 1

  • HISTORIC LANDMARKS & DISTRICTS LAND OWNERSHIP

    1

    2

    3

    4

    1

    5 6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    31

    Proposed Historic Landmark designation

    Current designated Historic landmark or district

    Other Ownership

    Private Ownership

    Mixed Ownership

    City Ownership

    1 & 2 Family Residences

  • 32

    MAPPINGS continued

    WASTE TREATMENT vs. FLOOD ZONES POST-SANDY POWER OUTAGES

    Wastewater Treatment Plant

    Evacuation Zone A

    Evacuation Zone B

    Evacution Zone C

    North River Plant

    Port Richmond Plant

    Coney Island Plant

    26th Ward Plant

    Owls Head Plant

    North River Plant

    Red Hook Plant

    Newton Creek Plant

    Howery hay Plant

    Hunts Point Plant

    Wards Island Plant

    Fresh Kills

    Willowbrook

    Fox Hills Wainwright

    Sheepshead Bay

    Ocean Parkway

    Flatbush

    Park SlopeCrown Heights

    Park Place

    Maspeth

    Lower Manhattan

    Long Island City

    Fordham

    Yorkville

    Borough Hall

    Riverdale

    10,000

    25,000

    50,000

    Customers Without Power

    Evacuated Zones

  • 13

    4 5

    6

    7

    8

    2

    9

    33

    DREDGED CHANNELS NEW YORK AREA CONTAINER PORTS

    1 Elizabeth Bay Chennel2 Newark Bay Channel3 South Elizabeth Channel4 Arthur Kill Channel5 Kill van Kull Channel6 Port Jersey Channel7 Anchorage Channel8 Ambrose Channel9 Bay Ridge Channel

    1 Port Newark Container Terminal2 Maher Container Terminal3 APM Container Terminal4 New York Container Terminal5 Globe Marine Container Terminal6 Red Hook Container Terminal

    Path of Dredging

    Container Terminal

    Adjacent Port

  • COMMUTER FERRY ANNUAL RIDERSHIP

    34

    MAPPINGS continued

    PUBLIC TRANSIT POST HURRICANE SANDY

  • PlaNY

    New York City Wetlands

    Historic Tidal and Stream Corridor Wetlands

    National Wetlands Inventory Wetlands

    NYC WATERSHED SYSTEM NEW YORK CITY WETLANDS

    35

    National Wetlands Inventory

    Historical Tidal and Stream Corridor Wetlands

  • ?Site Visit 2 - 11/03/12

    Site Visit 1 - 09/30/12

    SITE VISITSCOMMERCIAL OVERLAY

    36

    MAPPINGS continued

  • FREIGHT RAIL & BARGE NETWORK NYS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATIONS

    37

    Port Facility

    Rail Yard

    Freight Rail Network

    You can eat the shellfi sh

    Port Facility

    Rail Yard

    Freight Rail Network

    Barge Rail Float

    Industrial Business Zone

  • ""

    "

    "

    """

    Light RailBrooklyn Historic Railroad Association

    Completed Trackwork

    Trackwork in Construction

    Proposed Extension

    PROPOSED LIGHT RAIL1875 RAILROAD ROUTES

    Fort Hamilton RR

    Court St. RR

    Atlantic St. & Atlantic Ave RR

    Van Brunt and Eerie Basin RR Line

    South Brooklyn & Bergen st. RR

    38

    MAPPINGS continued

  • BROOKLYN PUBLIC TRANSITIllustrated is the current MTA public transit system overlaid with the system of Brooklyn Rapid transit - the old lines of the Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad, as shown in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle - 1910

    LOCAL TRANSIT

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    "

    Bus Route, Bus Stops

    Bike Route

    Truck Routes - Through

    Truck Route - Local

    Subway Route, Train Stops

    Ferry Stop

    1901 Railway, Railroad

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    Railroad

    Subway Entrance

    Bike Route

    Truck Route-Local

    Truck Route-Through

    Bus Stop

    Bus Route

    Ferry Terminal

    Subway Route

    39

  • Frederick Lubbertse

    JorvisMichaelPicot

    Peter Ceasar

    Peter Montfort

    Jacob Stoffeise Muick Aertse

    Mudde Cornelis

    Fred Lud

    Edward Tiscole

    JamesWolocheste

    Jan Mance

    Claes Jansen

    Pieter Corne

    Gerret Wolph

    Tyson Van Dyke

    Mathius Van Dyke

    Van Dyke Mill Pond

    Remsen

    Carret

    Johnson

    Cornell

    Luqueers Jordan

    Coles

    Farm Map1896

    40

    MAPPINGS continued

    19th CENTURY FARMS18th CENTURY PLANTATIONS

  • 211165

    101

    101

    Source: GrowNYC

    41

    SOIL TYPES21st CENTURY GARDENS

  • 42

    SENSITIVITY TO FLOODING

    Acceptance Zone Sacrificial program at ground level Allows water to flood the first level without damage

    Toleration Zone Temporary ground level program Accommodates flexible programs, movable if necessaryPrograms partially accessible from ground level, only where unavoidable

    Prevention ZoneSpecial measures taken to prevent flood water from reaching program located here

  • 43

  • 44

    DOMINANT PROGRAMS IN SECTION

    Light Industrial

    Commercial

    Residential

  • 45

  • 46

    INSPIRATION

    VENICEChallenges and Opportunities

    ELEVATED TRAINSChallenges and Opportunities

    Pedestrians walk atop scaff olding errected by the city to cross a fl ooded Piazza San Marco at acqua alta, or high water, in Venice. The scaff olding is a temporary structure that is taken down by workers when the waters recede.

    Nomally croweded by tourists, a fl ooded San Marco discourages pedestrian occupation, but enables alternative, water based transportation. This man explores Venices main square with his kayak.

    Elevated trains allow for the continuation of activity below, while hosting an accessible form of transportation above. The structure is both a magnet for activity, and a visual boundary.

    The High-Line Park in the Chelsea neighborhood of NYC allows pedestrians to occupy the city on a new, elevated plane.

  • 47

    AN ELEVATED PLANEalternatives to ground-level occupation

    ELEVATED OCCUPATIONprotection from ground-level threats, priveledged vantage, and creation of an in-between space.

    Union Station Greenway, Washington D.C.

    Vanke Center, Shenzhen, China

    Lujiazui Pedestrian Bridge, Shanghai, China

    Giant Group Campus , Shanghai, China

  • ARMATURE Industry / Connectivity / Flooding

  • ARMATURE Industry / Connectivity / Flooding

  • PRIMARY ARMATURE response to focus sites

    FOCUS SITES

    52

    PHASED DEPLOYMENT SEQUENCE

    1 Red Hook Container Port / Cruise Ship Terminal2 Red Hook Houses3 Columbia Street Pier4 Under BQE5 Over BQE

    Focus Sites

    1

    2

    4

    5

    3

    phase 1

    Primary Armature

    Focus Sites

  • ARMATURE HOSTS TRANSPORTATION elevated rail

    SECONDARY ARMATURE response to vacant lots

    53

    phase 2

    Armature

    Vacant lots

    phase 3

    Elevated Rail

    Primary & Secondary Armature

    Focus Sites / Vacancies

  • Elevated Rail

    Armature & development sites

    Focus Sites

    54

    ARMATURE INSTIGATES FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

  • 12

    3

    4

    Elevated Rail

    Armature & development sites

    55

    ARMATURE INSTIGATES NEW PROGRAMS

    1 Wetlands Park 2 Ferry Terminal 3 Recreation / Evacuation Center 4 Distributed Incubator Sites

  • 60

  • 61

    CITIES_ Adaptive Reuse on the Industrial Waterfront Puerto Madero 64 Toronto Waterfront 66

    HafenCity 68

    PRECEDENTS

  • 62

    PUERTO MADEROBuenos Aires, Argentina

  • 63

    The old Port of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Puerto Madero, is comprised of 650 acres filled with once underutilized or abandoned docks and warehouse buildings. The redevelopment plan creates four new districts: a mixed use district, a government and commercial trade district, a residential district, and an institutional/free-trade district. Vital to the success of the entire development is the transportation system serving it. A new highway adjacent to Puerto Madero ensures maximum utilization and convenience of use. Throughout the plan, adaptive re-use of as many older buildings as possible is emphasized.

    These buildings, emblematic of Puerto Maderos shipping past, will find new life as restaurants, offices, cultural buildings, retail shops, and residences, and will provide a counterpoint to the many new low, mid, and high rise buildings in the

    redeveloped area. The Urban Development Project in Puerto Madero transforms a vast underutilized railway and port area through a state initiative to promote a new model of active political and strategies concerted public and private sector.

    The reconversion project was based on the area to save it from neglect and deterioration reordered to balance the urban character and preserve its activities that require central location public and private offices, commercial and cultural services and residential were not in the urban areas of land and proper environ-ment context, and restore the relationship with the river entering public areas for recreation and relaxation.

  • Central Waterfront

    East Bayfront

    West Don Lands

    Lower Don Lands

    Upper Port Lands

    Lower Port Lands

    1974

    1959

    1912

    1886

    1834

    64

    WATERFRONTTORONTOToronto, Canada

    Waterfront Toronto is building the largest urban revitalization project in North America. It brings together sustainable technology, excellence in urban design, real estate development, leading technology infrastructure and the delivery of important public policy objectives. The main focus of the project is reconnecting the people with the waterfront. Most of the previously industrial space is being reimagined to a public recreational waterfront. There is an overarching empha-sis on increasing parks and public space and encouraging environmentally and economically sustainable design. The edge where the city meets the water is called the blue edge where previously underused and unappreciated space is being transformed to a public asset for the community.

    East Bayfront will feature 6,000 residential units, including 1,200 affordable residences, and millions of square feet of employment space able to accommodate 8,000 jobs. The area will also be a hub for retail, entertainment and cultural amenities and will be easily accessible by public transportation.

  • 65

    Waterfront Toronto plans to transform the largely underutilized industrial area into new sustainable parks and communities. The naturalization and shifting of the mouth of the Don River is the centrepiece of the plans for the Lower Don Lands. This part of the site is being transformed from former industrial lands into a sustainable, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly, riverside community. The revitalized West Don Lands will feature 6,000 new residential units, ample employment and commercial space, at least one elementary school, and two child-care centres, all surrounded by 23 acres of parks and public spaces.

    The Port Lands are man-made and were created by decades of infilling what was once the largest wetland on the Great Lakes. Beginning in the 1880s, the area was gradually filled in to make more land available for industry and ship-ping. Since it was created, most of the Port Lands have been utilized for indus-trial uses and the majority of the area currently lacks servicing for other uses.

    Much of the area is also in the flood plain of the Don River and flood protection must be created before the area can be fully developed.

  • 66

    HAFENCITYHamburg, Germany

    HafenCity reveals one approach to tackling future-adaptive urban development. The raised roadways and buildings, water resilient surfaces, floating waterfront promenades, terraced landscapes and bridges all work together as important infrastructure and create an architecturally vibrant district that connects residents to the waterfront while also making the whole area resilient in the face of more frequent flooding.

    In addition to its water adaptive design strategies, HafenCity exemplifies many other sustainable urban planning ideas. It is dense, walkable, bikeable, served by public transit, and full of multi-use buildings and public spaces. Much of the land was formerly brownfields and has now been cleaned and developed. Additionally, the historic character of the area is honored. Many buildings in the neighboring Speicherstadt area have been refurbished and some buildings in HafenCity, like the new concert hall, adaptive reuse existing buildings.

  • 67

    HafenCity Hamburg is a project of city-planning where the old port warehouses of Hamburg are being replaced with offices, hotels, shops, official buildings, and residential areas. The project is the largest rebuilding project in Europe in scope of landmass. The area of the HafenCity used to be part of the free port, but with the decreased economic importance of free ports in an era of European Union free trade, large container ships and increased border security, the Ham-burg free port was reduced in size, removing the current HafenCity area from its restrictions. When completely developed, it will be home to about 12,000 people and the workplace of 40,000 people mostly in office complexes.

    Floating docks are accessible at sea level, which changes twice daily: The pontoons of the Traditional Ship Harbor provide a level of urban perception which rises and falls with the tide. Since the water level of the River Elbe varies twice daily by more than 3 meters, depending on the ebb and flow of the tide, perception of the quarter is constantly changing.

    The relationship here between water level, quay walls and edges, pontoons, watercraft and buildings is continuously shifting.reated before the area can be fully developed.

    Because HafenCity has so many different levels of public space there are many interesting points of interaction between levels. In HafenCity quarter proper, the terraces are the sites of the most dramatic places of transition. They link the waterfront to the streets above; stepping up from sea level (0 m), to promenade level (4.5 m) to street level (7.5 m).

  • 2RESILIENT REDHOOKdegree project research

    school of architecturepratt institute

    brooklyn, NY

    130312_Research Book130112_Book MockupBack Cov