research paper annotated bibliography final

7/23/2019 Research Paper Annotated Bibliography FINAL

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Meagan Bens

Annotated Bibliography

Abstract

I will be studying the influence of white supremacy within hip hop culture, specifically rapmusic. I am interested in the topic because I enjoy the music and history behind the music’s

evolution in society. The rap music listened to today is incorporated into the mainstream of

society, most not knowing the logistics of the industry and the people who really control it. I plan

to address the concept that stereotypes within the music today stem from stereotypes from the

time of America’s establishment. onsidering that a majority of the industry’s consumers are

white youth, I want to highlight that the music contains violent, over!masculini"ed stereotypes

for the audience’s enjoyment.

hang, #eff. $%ight the &ower.$ Mother Jones '(.) *(++- )!/0. Academic Search Premier .

1eb. 22 3ov. (+24.

The article discusses whether rap music can discard its negative elements such as

violence, misogyny, and materialism and return to its roots. Throughout the years, rap has

become mainstream and corporate. The article’s intended audience is society in general,

considering that hip hop and rap dominates on a national scale. The publisher, Mother#ones, prints articles concerning national news, reports, arts, health, etc., so the article can

pertain to anyone. The writer ’s purpose is to 5uestion whether the repetitive,

commerciali"ed“gangster rap”can return to rap’s primary concern of advocating social

and political issues. 6ections“The 7ap Monoculture”and“8ip!8op is 9ead: ;ong ;ive

8ip!8op” provide information about stereotypes and the business aspect behind the

music, which can be incorporated into my paper. 1ithin those two sections, hang

emphasi"es the audience’s role in producing new rap music. hang mentions“the genre

now looks like a monoculture whose product, like high!fructose corn syrup, is designed

not to nourish but simply to get us hooked on other products.”The music industry today

embraces the over!masculini"ed thugs and perpetuates ancient stereotypes because that is

what the audience enjoys.

#effries, Michael &. Thug ;ife 7ace, <ender, and the Meaning of 8ip!hop. hicago = of

hicago, (+22. &rint.

1ithin the book, #effries e>plains that hip!hop’s commercial success raises 5uestionsabout its production and distribution. 8e illustrates that white men have power within the

corporations that control the creation of hip!hop. The book contains interview data to

compare white and black people’s perceptions, the relationship between what is cool and

black masculinity, historical background, and his interpretation of black male

performance in commercially successful rap. Although the book will appeal to those

interested in the genre of music, the book can inform the general public about the music’s



impact on society today. The author ’s purpose is to e>plain his interpretation of hip!hop’s

significance throughout history and today. 8ip!hop is not merely a type of music people

listen to it, it affects racial dynamics. The specifics about racial dynamics is what I planon incorporating into my paper. The first chapter in particular e>plains that rap has a

“revolutionary message”in effort to e>pose racial barriers. 1ithin the fourth chapter

“8ip!8op Authenticity in Black and 1hite,”#effries claims that the majority that

purchase rap are white suburban kids who do not necessarily understand where the music

comes from. The small, personal accounts of white and black teens’e>periences with rap

will be the most useful.

?ajikawa, ;oren. 6ounding 7ace in 7ap 6ongs. @akland = of alifornia, (+24. &rint.

1ithin the book, ?ajikawa summari"es the progression of rap and racial formations

within the +’s and /+’s. The book contains much more historical information and

evolution of the hip hop culture versus argumentative claims. %or my paper, this source

would be most useful for my introduction and background information concerning mytopic. onsidering the progression of rap, the book e>plains the rise of the“gangster rap”

that most audiences are familiar with today, which started with 3.1.A., a group based out

of ompton, ;os Angeles. 1hile diving into the neoliberal nineties, ?ajikawa e>plores

minem’s rise to popularity as a white rapper. Mentioning that black identity and white

identity are reciprocal in nature, the fourth chapter e>amines that minem’s success

depended on his music e>hibiting whiteness in relation to blackness *?ajikawa 22/-. The

problem lies with the assumption that minem operates in a“ black industry,” but the

corporations are controlled by whites and revenue stems from white youth. 1ithouthistorical background, one may believe whites are e5ually disadvantaged since the white

rapper struggled for acceptance in black 9etroit. All the stereotypes and assumptionshighlighted within this chapter of the book would be the most useful for my paper.

7alph, Michael.”1hite &rivilege and 8ip!8op.$ University Wire. @ct +) (+24. ProQuest. 1eb.

24 3ov. (+24 .

The writer, Michael 7alph, published the article in 3orth arolina 6tate =niversity’s

student newspaper. 6ince it is included in a student newspaper, the intended audiences are

young adults and faculty at the university. The article e>plains how hip hop is a part of black culture and whites immediately morph the culture to their liking. 8e provides

e>amples of whites singing along to rap today, but most likely having no knowledge of

the meaning behind the lyrics. I am particularly interested in the concept that hip hop has been heavily transformed from its roots to its state now largely to benefit whites. Thewriter claims the majority that purchase and own this music are white, and that the

distribution companies of the music are white. According to the article, hip hop is a

profitable business and the industry is an e>ample of how whites profit off of blackculture. Although whites listen to the music for entertainment, 7alph suggests that hip

hop for blacks will always be more than just a song, the underlying purpose of the article

itself.



7B@;;@!<I;, <uillermo, and Amanda Moras. $Black 1omen and Black Men in 8ip 8op

Music Misogyny, Ciolence and the 3egotiation of *1hite!@wned- 6pace.$ Journal of Popular Culture 04.2 *(+2(- 22!'(. SPOR!iscus "ith #ull e$t . 1eb. / 3ov. (+24.

The online article discusses rap music, including the representation of black men andwomen in the lyrics and white people’s interpretations of the lyrics. A brief history of the

music’s movement is included, similar to many sources, and the writer e>plains how the

music has been homogeni"ed to appeal to a majority of its audience. The writer

emphasi"es the concept that rappers are contained in an industry that they do not control.7ap songs include negative elements because those are the songs that sell. The article

analy"es the roots of the stereotypes and the racial hierarchy in America that creates these

generali"ations. %or my paper, I want to emphasi"e the idea that white producers andconsumers deny the possibility for blacks to empower themselves because they control

the industry. The music is subject to the same institutionali"ed racist forces within

schools, public offices, etc., and society as a whole plays a large part in its creation. The

article highlights the“racist, patriarchal, and capitalist hierarchy”that rap e>ists in.

9espite the fact that the black males are the most visible in the industry, rap is

“institutionali"ed images of blackness in the white imagination.”

1hite, Miles. African American Music in <lobal &erspective %rom #im row to #ay!D 7ace,

7ap, and the &erformance of Masculinity. hampaign, I;, =6A =niversity of Illinois

&ress, (+22. &rint.

Throughout 1hite’s book, he reconsiders how African American music and how

5uestions concerning race have constructed the society we live in today. 8e proves that

race is still problematic and the genre should be criti5ued and interrogated by those whosupport the hip!hop culture. hapter two,“The %ire This Time Black Masculinity and the

&olitics of 7acial &erformance,”claims that treatment of black now mirrors treatment of

them in the past. 7ace and ethnicity become“resources for pleasure”and white

supremacy is evident. The stereotypes that persist are primarily used throughout rapmusic because they make the product appealing and marketable. &articularly interesting

and useful, the author mentions that rap music is a way for white teenagers to come to

terms with masculinity and identity. The ne>t most useful chapter is“7ace 7ebels

1hiteness and the 3ew Masculine 9esire.”1hite fascination with black stereotypes is

evident throughout the whole chapter. 1hite youth who consume the music may act out

their“fantasies of black masculinity as social rebellion”*1hite 2+0-. The music is theiroutlet, their escape from their daily lives, a way to seek something different andentertaining.

research paper annotated bibliography final

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