reporters committee amicus brief

7/30/2019 Reporters Committee Amicus Brief

1/26

Dg$ ;6!962

ED \OC

Xs~vcac Hgsv| gi |oc Sde|cl X|k|cx

CL AGJGDCU=KD\OGDUAHED\UVC*

^c|e|egdcvx*

y$

CVEH O$OGJLCV*K\\GVDCUBCDCVKJ=

@KHMR$^EVGPPGJG*HGAAEXXEGDCV*

Vcx~gdlcd|x$

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

Gd ^c|e|egd Igv K Rve| gi Hcv|egvkve \g \oc Sde|cl

X|k|cx Hgsv| gi K~~ckjx igv |oc Ievx| Hevhse|

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

FVECIKAEHSXHSVEKCGI \OC VC^GV\CVXHGAAE\\CC IGV IVCCLGA GI \OC ^VCXX

ED XS^^GV\ GI ^C\E\EGDCVXWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

Fvshc L$ Fvgrd

Hgsdxcj gi Vchgvl

Bvcbb ^$ Jcxjec

@khm X$ Mga~cvlk

\oc Vc~gv|cvx Hgaae||cc

igv Ivcclga gi |oc ^vcxx

;;>; Rejxgd Fjyl$* Xse|c ;;>>Kvjedb|gd* YK 666>5!6;>>

ffvgrdNvhi~$gvb

/2>8% ?>2!6;>>


3/26

ee

\KFJC GI KS\OGVE\ECX

HKXCXFvkdpfsvb y$ Okucx

? S$X$ 993 /;526%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ~kxxea

Fvgrd y$ Hgaagdrckj|o

6>< X$C$6l


4/26

eee

Ed vc X~chekj ^vghccledbx

828 I$8l 82 /;x| Hev$ 6>>>3% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;>8% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;8

AhEd|uvc y$ Goeg Cjch|egdx Hgaad

3;< S$X$ 88< /;553%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;8

AhMcye|| y$ ^kjjkxo

885 I$8l 38> /2|o Hev$ 6>>8% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ; ^$6l 963 /Hkj$ ;5?;


5/26

ey

;>3356;* 68 Acl$ J$ V~|v$ 6? /8l Hev$ ;525%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;2* ;5

Xcdckv y$ Lkeju @gsvdkj!Kacvehkd

9 /Rkxo$ ;5?>% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;?

Xogcd y$ Xogcd

3 I$8l ;6?5 /5|o Hev$ ;558% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;>

Xrccpu y$ Dcr Oka~xoevc

83< S$X$ 68< /;532%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;8

\k||cvcl Hgycv* Edh$ y$ He|u gi \ogvd|gd

>6% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;8* ; I$6l ;85 /8l Hev$ ;5?>%* hcv|$ lcdecl*

ygd Fsjgr fu Kscvx~cvb y$ ygd Fsjgr

?;; I$6l ;89 /6l Hev$ ;5?2%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;>* 6>


6/26

y

G\OCV KS\OGVE\ECX

Mvex|cd Vkxasxxcd* Rcx| Yevbedek kh|edb bgycvdgv

xebdx vc~gv|cv xoecjl jkr* VC^GV\CVX HGAAE\\CC

IGV IVCCLGA GI \OC ^VCXX* K~vej 9* 6>;;$ $$$$$$$$$ ;5


7/26

;

X\K\CACD\ GI ED\CVCX\;

\oc Vc~gv|cvx Hgaae||cc igv Ivcclga gi |oc^vcxx /|oc Vc~gv|cvx Hgaae||cc gv kaehsx%ex kygjsd|kvu* sdedhgv~gvk|cl kxxghek|egd gi vc~gv|cvx

kdl cle|gvx |ok| rgvmx |g lcicdl |oc Ievx|

Kacdlacd| vebo|x kdl ivcclga gi edigvak|egded|cvcx|x gi |oc dcrx aclek$ \oc Vc~gv|cvxHgaae||cc okx ~vgyelcl vc~vcxcd|k|egd* bselkdhckdl vcxckvho ed Ievx| Kacdlacd| kdl Ivcclga giEdigvak|egd Kh| je|ebk|egd xedhc ;52>$ \oc

Vc~gv|cvx Hgaae||cc okx dg ~kvcd| hgv~gvk|egdkdl exxscx dg x|ghm$

Kx klyghk|cx igv |oc vebo|x gi |oc dcrx aclek

kdl g|ocvx rog xccm |g ~vgyelc edigvak|egd |g |oc~sfjeh kfgs| ea~gv|kd| exxscx |ok| kiich| |oca*

kaehsx okx k x|vgdb ed|cvcx| ed cdxsvedb |ok| |ocIevx| Kacdlacd| bskvkd|cc gi k ivcc ~vcxx ex~vg|ch|cl |g |oc isjjcx| c|cd|$ \oc edkfeje|u gi

`gsvdkjex|x kdl khklcaehx |g okyc |ocev gf`ch|egdx

ockvl fcigvc k hgsv| vcbkvledb bgycvdacd|!exxsclxsf~gcdkx xccmedb |oc hga~cjjcl vcjckxc gi

hgdielcd|ekj edigvak|egd rejj hcv|kedju okyc klc|veacd|kj ciich| gd |ocev ~vg|ch|cl Ievx|

Kacdlacd| ed|cvcx|x$ Vcbkvljcxx gi roc|ocv |ocu

; ^svxskd| |g Xs~vcac Hgsv| Vsjc 82$9* hgsdxcj igv kaehsx

hsvekc x|k|c |ok| dg ~kv|ux hgsdxcj ks|ogvcl |oex fveci ed

rogjc gv ed ~kv|= dg ~kv|u gv ~kv|ux hgsdxcj aklc k agdc|kvu

hgd|vefs|egd ed|cdlcl |g isdl |oc ~vc~kvk|egd gv xsfaexxegd

gi |oex fveci= kdl dg ~cvxgd g|ocv |okd |oc kaehsx hsvekc*

|ocev acafcvx gv |ocev hgsdxcj aklc k agdc|kvu hgd|vefs|egd

ed|cdlcl |g isdl |oc ~vc~kvk|egd gv xsfaexxegd gi |oex fveci$

Isv|ocv* |oc ~kv|ecx rcvc dg|eiecl |cd lkux ~vegv |g |oc lsc

lk|c gi |oex fveci gi |oc ed|cd|egd |g iejc$ Rve||cd hgdxcd| gi kjj

~kv|ecx |g |oc iejedb gi |oc fveci okx fccd iejcl re|o |oc Hjcvm

gi |oc Hgsv|$


8/26

6

vchgbdepc k ~veyejcbc ~vcycd|edb |oc hga~cjjcllexhjgxsvc gi xsho edigvak|egd* hgsv|x xogsjl okyckd gfjebk|egd |g vcyecr xsho hjkeax giedivedbcacd|x gd Ievx| Kacdlacd| vebo|x gd k

hkxc!fu!hkxc fkxex$

XSAAKVU GI KVBSACD\

\oc hkxc edygjyedb ^c|e|egdcvx Cl Agjgdcukdl Kd|ogdu AhEd|uvc edygjycx k {scx|egd gi

chc~|egdkj ea~gv|kdhc |g `gsvdkjex|x* khklcaehxkdl kdugdc cjxc edygjycl ed |oc ~vkh|ehc gilexxcaedk|edb edigvak|egd |g |oc ~sfjeh0 roc|ocv

Ievx| Kacdlacd| ykjscx kjjgr edleyelskjx re|oKv|ehjc EEE x|kdledb |oc vebo| |g fc ockvl ed hgsv|kdl ~vcxcd| cyelcdhc ed xs~~gv| gi |ocev gf`ch|egdx|g xsf~gcdkx xccmedb hgdielcd|ekj edigvak|egd$

Kaehsx hsvekc svbcx |oc Hgsv| |g khhc~| vcyecr gi|oex hkxc ed gvlcv |g hjkveiu |ok|* edlccl* hokjjcdbcx

|g xsf~gcdkx xccmedb xsho hgdielcd|ekj vchgvlxdchcxxe|k|c `slehekj vcyecr rocd xsho edigvak|egd|gshocx gd Ievx| Kacdlacd| ed|cvcx|x$

@gsvdkjex|x kxxcv|edb ~veyejcbc hjkeax |gxoecjl xgsvhcx gi hgdielcd|ekj edigvak|egd okycgycvrocjaedb Ievx| Kacdlacd| ed|cvcx|x dchcxxe!|k|edb `slehekj vcyecr xogsjl |ocev vchgvlx fchgac

xsf`ch| |g hga~cjjcl lexhjgxsvc |ovgsbo k bgycvd!

acd| xsf~gcdk$ Xsho ed|cvcx|x kvc dg jcxx rgv|ougi ~vg|ch|egd rocvc* kx ed |oc hkxc gi ^c|e|egdcvx*|oc edigvak|egd ex ocjl fu k |oevl ~kv|u$

\oc Ievx| Hevhse|x g~edegd lc|cvaedcl |ok|

kj|ogsbo |oc ^c|e|egdcvx okl x|kdledb |g hokjjcdbc|oc xsf~gcdk vc{scx|x* |oex Hgsv|x lchexegd ed

Fvkdpfsvb y$ Okucx* ? S$X$ 993 /;526% dgdc|oc!jcxx ackd| |ok| ^c|e|egdcvx hgsjl dg| x|k|c k hjkea


9/26

8

igv vcjeci$ \oc lchexegd hvck|cl k x~je| kagdb jgrcvhgsv|x kx |g roc|ocv Fvkdpfsvb igvchjgxcl xshohokjjcdbcx gi |oevl!~kv|u xsf~gcdkx$

\oc Ievx| Hevhse| lchexegd bgcx kbkedx| k xeb!deiehkd| fglu gi ~vchclcd| |ok| ed|cv~vc|x |oex

Hgsv|x lchexegd ed Fvkdpfsvbkx ~vgyeledb |oc fk!xex igv k {skjeiecl ~veyejcbc igv dg| gdju `gsvdkjex|x*

fs| kjxg khklcaeh vcxckvhocvx kdl kdugdc cdbkbcled |oc ~vghcxx gi bk|ocvedb edigvak|egd igv lexxcae!

dk|egd |g |oc ~sfjeh$ Ed akdu hkxcx* cycd rocd kvc~gv|cvx ~veyejcbc ex sj|eak|cju lcick|cl* |ochgsv|x dgdc|ocjcxx kjjgr igv k hkxc!x~cheieh fkjkdh!

edb gi |oc hgdx|e|s|egdkj ed|cvcx|x xgsbo| |g fc ~vg!|ch|cl fu dcrx bk|ocvcvx kdl |oc jkr cdigvhcacd|dcclx gi bgycvdacd|$ Kx xsho* |oex Hgsv| xogsjlkhhc~| vcyecr |g hjkveiu igv jgrcv hgsv|x |g rok| c!

|cd| ~kv|ecx kxxcv|edb |ocev Ievx| Kacdlacd| ed!|cvcx|x ed hokjjcdbedb bgycvdacd| xsf~gcdkx gi

hgdielcd|ekj edigvak|egd xogsjl hgdxex|cd| re|oFvkdpfsvb okyc k Hgdx|e|s|egdkjju bskvkd|cclvebo| |g ~vcxcd| cyelcdhc fcigvc |oc hgsv| igv vc!yecr$


12/26

9

|ecx kdl c~jkedcl |oc ea~gv|kdhc gi ~vgyeledb~veyejcbc ~vg|ch|egdx igv xsho edigvak|egd kdl |ocea~jehk|egdx |ok| kvexc xogsjl hgsv|x hgdhjslc g|o!cvrexc0

Re|ogs| xsho ~vg|ch|egd* ~vgxchs|gvx*

jeae|cl gdju fu |ocev grd xcji!vcx|vked|* hgsjl gf|ked vchgvlx |ok|

elcd|eiu `gsvdkjex|x hgdielcd|ekjxgsvhcx ed bvgxx kdl yev|skjju k| rejj$

Vc~gv|cvx aebo| iedl |ocaxcjycx* kx kak||cv gi ~vkh|ehkj dchcxxe|u* hgd|kh|!edb xgsvhcx |oc rku E sdlcvx|kdl lvsb

lckjcvx vckho |ocevx fu sxc gi hjkd!lcx|edc hcjj ~ogdcx kdl acc|edbx edlkvmcdcl lggvrkux$ E| ex leiiehsj| |g

xcc ed rogxc fcx| ed|cvcx|x xsho k vc!

beac rgsjl g~cvk|c$

El$ k| ;23$ @slbc Xkhm rcd| gd |g dg|c |ok| |oc@sx|ehc Lc~kv|acd| okl e|xcji lcycjg~cl bselcjedcx|ok| kvc x|vemedbju xeaejkv |g |oc Xchgdl Hevhse|xigvasjk|egd gi |oc {skjeiecl ~veyejcbc kdl ivkacl|oc hgsv|x lchexegd kx vckiieva]edbQ |oc vgjc gi icl!cvkj hgsv|x ed aclek|edb fc|rccd |oc ed|cvcx|x gijkr cdigvhcacd| kdl |oc ed|cvcx|x gi |oc ~vcxx$El$

Xeaejkvju* ed |rg oebo!~vgiejc jefcj hkxcx* icl!cvkj lex|veh| hgsv| `slbcx vc`ch|cl |oc k||ca~|x fu~jked|eiix |g gf|ked |oevl!~kv|u vchgvlx |ok| edle!

vch|ju hgsjl okyc vcyckjcl |oc elcd|e|u gi hgdielcd!|ekj xgsvhcx$ Ed Iggl Jegd* Edh$ y$ Hk~e|kj He|!

ecx'KFH* Edh$* |oc Sde|cl X|k|cx Lex|veh| Hgsv| igv|oc Aelljc Lex|veh| gi Dgv|o Hkvgjedk bvkd|cl kag|egd xccmedb k ~vg|ch|eyc gvlcv ~vgoefe|edb |ocxs~cvakvmc| hoked Iggl Jegd ivga ~vghccledb re|o


14/26

?

;


15/26

5

x~e|c gi |oc ikh| |ok| |oc jghk|egdx gi |ocxc vchgvlxrcvc ed |oc ~gxxcxxegd gi |oevl ~kv|ecx$ Ckho hgsv|vchgbdepcl |ok| hga~cjjedb Ievx| Kacdlacd| ykj!scx rcvc k| x|kmc* cycd |ogsbo |ocu sj|eak|cju

vckhocl leiicvcd| hgdhjsxegdx kx |g roc|ocv |ocaclek lcicdlkd|x ac| |ocev vcx~ch|eyc fsvlcdx ed

edygmedb |oc ~veyejcbc$

\oc jkhm gi kdu xcvegsx ed{sevu ed |oex hkxced|g |oc ^c|e|egdcvx Ievx| Kacdlacd| ed|cvcx|x

oebojebo|x |oc x~je| kagdb jgrcv hgsv|x hgdhcvdedb|oc kfeje|u |g hokjjcdbc |oevl!~kv|u xsf~gcdkx$\oex hkxc ex ~kv|ehsjkvju kjkvaedb fchksxc xsho ed!

|cvcx|x bg rcjj fcugdl |oc |u~ehkj hkxc gi k xhogjkvxccmedb |g vcxex| k xsf~gcdk |g ~vg|ch| ce|ocv |ocvc~s|k|egd gv ~veykhu vebo|x gi ed|cvyecr xsf`ch|x$\oc ^c|e|egdcvx dcclcl |oc g~~gv|sde|u |g ~vcxcd|

cyelcdhc |ok| |svdedb gycv |oc ed|cvyecr |k~cx |g~gjehc ks|ogve|ecx ed |oc Sde|cl Medblga rgsjl

~gxc k |ovck| |g |oc jeycx gi dg| gdju |oc ed|cvyecrxsf`ch|x rog kbvccl |g |cjj |ocev x|gvecx* fs| kjxg |g|oc ^c|e|egdcvx |ocaxcjycx$ Fs| |ocu dcycv okl|ok| hokdhc$

EE$\oc leycvbcd| fglu gi jgrcv hgsv|~vchclcd| ed|cv~vc|edbFvkdpfsvbkdlkdkjupedb dcrxbk|ocvcvx ~veyejcbc hjkeax

dchcxxe|k|cx |oex Hgsv|x vcyecr$

\oc Ievx| Hevhse| hgdhjslcl |ok| |ochga~cjjcl lexhjgxsvc gi hgdielcd|ekj edigvak|egdocjl fu |oevl ~kv|ecx ex dg| fu e|xcji k jcbkjjuhgbdepkfjc Ievx| Kacdlacd| gv hgaagd jkred`svu$ Ed vc Vc{scx| ivga S$M$ ^svxskd| |g \vck|u

Fc|rccd |oc Bgy| gi S$X$ ) Bgy| gi S$M$ gd As|skjKxxex|kdhc ed Hveaedkj Ak||cvx ed |oc Ak||cv giLgjgsvx ^vehc* 9?3 I$8l ;* ;9 /;x| Hev$ 6>;6%$ \osx*


16/26

;>

|oc ^c|e|egdcvx okl dg g~~gv|sde|u |g okyc |ocevhgdhcvdx cycd kllvcxxcl fu k hgsv|$ Kx ^c|e|egdcvx~ged| gs|* |oex ~gxe|egd ex ed hgdijeh| re|o |ocXchgdl Hevhse|$ Fs| e| kjxg aexk~~jecx cex|edb jkr

ed xsho k rku kx |g rkvvkd| vcyecr fu |oex Hgsv|xgjcju |g hjkveiu ogr xsho exxscx gi ~veyejcbc kdl

x|kdledb |g ed|cvycdc xogsjl fc vcxgjycl$

\oc Ievx| Hevhse| lchexegd bgcx kbkedx| kxebdeiehkd| fglu gi ~vchclcd| |ok| ed|cv~vc|x |oexHgsv|x lchexegd ed Fvkdpfsvb kx ~vgyeledb |ocfkxex igv k {skjeiecl ~veyejcbc igv dg| gdju

`gsvdkjex|x* fs| kjxg khklcaeh vcxckvhocvx kdlkdugdc cdbkbcl ed |oc ~vghcxx gi bk|ocvedbedigvak|egd igv lexxcaedk|egd |g |oc ~sfjeh$6 Roejcdg| kjj kbvcc gd |oc xhg~c gv vchgbde|egd gi xsho k~veyejcbc* |oc hkxcx lg igjjgr @sx|ehc ^grcjjx hkjj ed

Fvkdpfsvb |ok| |oc hgsv|x rejj fc kykejkfjc |gdcrxacd sdlcv hevhsax|kdhcx rocvc jcbe|eak|cIevx| Kacdlacd| ed|cvcx|x vc{sevc ~vg|ch|egd$

Fvkdpfsvb* ? S$X$ k| 2;> /^grcjj* @$* hgdhsvvedb%$@sx|ehc ^grcjjx hgdhsvvcdhc* cx~chekjju* akmcxhjckv |oc ea~gv|kdhc gi k hkxc!fu!hkxc fkjkdhedb

gi |oc Ievx| Kacdlacd| hgdhcvdx gi |ogxc xccmedb|g vcju gd k hjkea gi ~veyejcbc0

Ei k dcrxakd fcjecycx |ok| |oc bvkdl

`svu edycx|ebk|egd ex dg| fcedb hgd!

lsh|cl ed bggl ike|o* oc ex dg| re|ogs|vcaclu$ Edlccl* ei |oc dcrxakd ex

hkjjcl s~gd |g beyc edigvak|egd fckv!

6Xcc* c$b$* ygd Fsjgr fu Kscvx~cvb y$ ygd Fsjgr* ?;; I$6l ;89

/6l Hev$ ;5?2%= Sde|cl X|k|cx y$ Hs|ofcv|xgd* 98> I$6l ;85 /8l

Hev$ ;5?>%* hcv|$ lcdecl*


17/26

;;

edb gdju k vcag|c kdl |cdsgsx vcjk!

|egdxoe~ |g |oc xsf`ch| gi |oc edycx|e!

bk|egd* gv ei oc okx xgac g|ocv vckxgd

|g fcjecyc |ok| oex |cx|eagdu ea~je!

hk|cx hgdielcd|ekj xgsvhc vcjk|egdxoe~x

re|ogs| k jcbe|eak|c dccl gi jkr cd!

igvhcacd|* oc rejj okyc khhcxx |g |oc

hgsv| gd k ag|egd |g {skxo* kdl kd

k~~vg~vek|c ~vg|ch|eyc gvlcv aku fc

cd|cvcl$ \oc kxxcv|cl hjkea |g ~veye!

jcbc xogsjl fc `slbcl gd e|x ikh|x fu

|oc x|vemedb gi k ~vg~cv fkjkdhc fc!

|rccd ivcclga gi |oc ~vcxx kdl |oc gf!

jebk|egd gi kjj he|epcdx |g beyc vcjcykd|

|cx|eagdu re|o vcx~ch| |g hveaedkj

hgdlsh|$ \oc fkjkdhc gi |ocxc ye|kj

hgdx|e|s|egdkj kdl xghec|kj ed|cvcx|x gdk hkxc!fu!hkxc fkxex khhgvlx re|o |oc

|vecl kdl |vkle|egdkj rku gi kl`slehk|!

edb xsho {scx|egdx$

El$

\oc Ievx| Hevhse| bkyc xogv| xovei| |g |ocxced|cvcx|x fu ikejedb |g kjjgr ^c|e|egdcvx |g ~vcxcd|

cyelcdhc gi ogr |oex xsf~gcdk rgsjl hoejj |ocevx~ccho vebo|x kdl rou |oc edigvak|egd xgsbo| rkx

dg| vcjcykd| |g kd kh|skj ~vgxchs|egd gv edycx|ebk!|egd$ E| ex |oex jkhm gi vchgbde|egd gi |oc hkxc!x~cheieh fkjkdhedb gi ed|cvcx|x |ok| xc~kvk|cx |ocIevx| Hevhse|x lchexegd ivga g|ocv hevhse|x* |osxrkvvkd|edb vcyecr fu |oex Hgsv|$


19/26

;8

acd| vebo|$8 Jgrcv hgsv|x okyc kjxg vchgbdepcl kdlrcebocl xeaejkv hga~c|edb ed|cvcx|x kfxcd| kd cx!|kfjexocl ~veyejcbc$ Ed Ed vc Bvkdl @svu Xsf~gcdk|g Mvkacvfggmx ) Ki|cvrkvlx Edh$* igv edx|kdhc* |oc

fg|o |oc grdcv gi k Rkxoedb|gd* L$H$ fggmx|gvckdl gdc gi e|x hsx|gacvx* igvacv Roe|c Ogsxc ed!

|cvd Agdehk Jcredxmu* xgsbo| |g {skxo xsf~gcdkxivga |oc Giiehc gi Edycx|ebk|eyc Hgsdxcj xccmedbJcredxmux fggm ~svhokxc vchgvlx$ 69 Acl$ J$V~|v$ ;355 /L$L$H$ ;55?%$ Fg|o |oc grdcv kdl Jcr!

edxmu hjkeacl vcjckxc gi xsho vchgvlx rgsjl okyc khoejjedb ciich| gd dg| gdju |ocev Ievx| Kacdlacd|

vebo|x* fs| |ok| gi is|svc hsx|gacvx$ El$ k| ;9>>$

\oc hgsv|* hgdhjsledb |ok| |oc xsf~gcdkx ea~jehk|!cl Ievx| Kacdlacd| hgdhcvdx* gvlcvcl |oc Giiehc gi

Edlc~cdlcd| Hgsdxcj |g xsfae| lghsacd|x c~jked!edb |oc dccl igv |oc edigvak|egd xgsbo| kdl |oc

hgddch|egd xsho edigvak|egd okl |g e|x hveaedkj ed!ycx|ebk|egd$ El$ k| ;9>;$

Xeaejkvju* ed \k||cvcl Hgycv* Edh$ y$ He|u gi\ogvd|gd* |oc Hgjgvklg Xs~vcac Hgsv| vcjecl gd|oc xkac fkjkdhedb k~~vgkho vcjecl gd fu |oc hgsv|

ed Mvkacvfggmx |g hgdhjslc |ok| hgdxsacvx okl kIevx| Kacdlacd| vebo| |g ~svhokxc fggmx kdgdu!

agsxju$ 6%$ Ed lgedbxg* |oc x|k|c hgsv| kiigvlcl |oc fggmxcjjcv xsf`ch| |gbgycvdacd| xsf~gcdk ed k hveaedkj edycx|ebk|egd

|oc vebo| |g kd klycvxkvekj ockvedb ~vegv |g |oc cc!hs|egd gi xckvho vchgvlx xccmedb k hsx|gacvx ~sv!hokxc oex|gvu |g lc|cvaedc roc|ocv |oc dccl igv |oc

rkvvkd| gs|rcebox |oc okva |g hgdx|e|s|egdkj ed!

8Xcc* c$b$ AhHgddcjj y$ Iclcvkj Cjch|egd Hgaad* 3 S$X$ 58

/6>>8%= DKKH^ y$ Kjkfkak* 832 S$X$


20/26

;


21/26

;3

bgycvdacd| kdl |oc ~vcxx* @slbc ^gxdcv khmdgrj!clbcl |oc bgycvdacd|x ed|cvcx| ed hgg~cvk|edb edk hveaedkj ~vghccledbx re|o ivecdlju igvcebd dk!|egdx$ El$ Kx igv |oc Ievx| Kacdlacd| ed|cvcx|x gi

vc~gv|cvx* ogrcycv* @slbc ^gxdcv rgsjl gdju xku*|oc ed|cvcx| gi |oc ~vcxx ed aked|kededb |oc hgdie!

lcd|ekje|u gi xgsvhcx ex dg| kfxgjs|c$ \ocvc ex dghgdhceykfjc ed|cvcx| ed hgdielcd|ekje|u ed |oc ~vc!xcd| hkxc$ El$

Fu lcduedb |oc ^c|e|egdcvx k vebo| |g fcockvl* |oc Ievx| Hevhse| xmcrcl |oc fkjkdhc gi ed!|cvcx|x |gg ikv ed ikygv gi |oc bgycvdacd|$ Roejc

|oc Ievx| Hevhse| aku okyc sj|eak|cju vckhocl |ocxkac hgdhjsxegd |ovgsbo k hkxc!x~cheieh rceboedb gihga~c|edb ed|cvcx|x* kx e| hjkeacl e| rgsjl okyc ede|x g~edegd* |oc hgsv| agx| hcv|kedju |ggm |oc rvgdb

k~~vgkho ed bc||edb |ocvc$ \oc Ievx| Kacdlacd|asx| kiigvl xgac ~vg|ch|egd kbkedx| k||ca~|x fu

~vgxchs|gvx gv g|ocv bgycvdacd| giiehekjx |g ebdgvc|oc ^c|e|egdcvx vebo|x$ Beycd |oc fkjkdhedb kdlvchgbde|egd gi Ievx| Kacdlacd| ed|cvcx|x fu jgrcvhgsv|x ed edigvak|egd kx xccaedbju aedgv kx fggm

~svhokxc oex|gvecx kdl xsfxhvefcv jex|x* hgsv|xxogsjl xeaejkvju fc kfjc |g iedl hga~cjjedb hgdx|e|s!

|egdkj ed|cvcx|x rgv|ou gi ~vg|ch|egd ed k xhogjkvxhgdielcd|ekj vcxckvho ak|cvekj$

F$ Jgrcv hgsv|x gi|cd vcju gd k bvgredbfglu gi vcjk|cl jcbkj ~vchclcd| edkxxcxxedb ~veyejcbc hjkeax ed klle|egd|g |oex Hgsv|x jgdc lchexegdhgdhcvdedb vc~gv|cvx ~veyejcbc$

@sx|ehc Roe|cx g~edegd igv |oc Hgsv| ed

Fvkdpfsvbdg|cl |ok| e|x ogjledb lgcx dg| |ovck|cd


23/26

;2

excx gi hgdielcd|ekje|u ed dcrxbk|ocvedb asx| fc~vg|ch|cl* hgdxex|cd| re|o Fvkdpfsvb* |ovgsbo khkxc!x~cheieh fkjkdhc gi ed|cvcx|x fcigvc |ocvc hkdfc kdu hga~cjjcl lexhjgxsvc gi hgdielcd|ekj edigv!

ak|egd$ Hgsv|x xogsjl dg| hs| xogv| |oc g~~gv|sde!|u igv ~kv|ecx |g fc ockvl fcigvc xsho fkjkdhedb

cycd ghhsvx$

Xgac hgsv|x okyc vchgbdepcl k vc~gv|cvx

~veyejcbc sdlcv hgaagd jkr* roeho xogsjl k~~ju ed

iclcvkj hgsv| sdlcv Iclcvkj Vsjc gi Cyelcdhc 3>;*9

igjjgredb |oc jgbeh igv vchgbdepedb ~veyejcbcx ivga

@kiic y$ Vclagdl* 3;? S$X$ ; /;559%$ \oc Hgsv|x

kdkjuxex ~vgyelcx k igsdlk|egd igv kvbsedb |ok| k

~veyejcbc xogsjl kjxg fc hvck|cl igv `gsvdkjex|x$

Ed Vejcu y$ He|u gi Hocx|cv* igv edx|kdhc* |oc

\oevl Hevhse| vcycvxcl k iedledb gi hgd|ca~|kbkedx| k vc~gv|cv rog okl vcisxcl |g elcd|eiu |oc

xgsvhc gi ocv edigvak|egd$ 9;6 I$6l 2>? /8l Hev$

;525%$ C~vcxxju vcjuedb gd Fvkdpfsvb* |oc Hgsv|

gi K~~ckjx he|cl Vsjc 3>; kdl |oc Ievx| Kacdl!

acd| kx |oc xgsvhcx gi* vcx~ch|eycju* e|x ks|ogve|u |g

vchgbdepc |oc ~veyejcbc kdl |oc ~veyejcbcx hgd|gsvx*

kj|ogsbo e| kjxg lcxhvefcl |oc ~veyejcbc kx kvexedb

sdlcv iclcvkj hgaagd jkr$ El$ k| 2;

Xs~vcac Hgsv| gi Rkxoedb|gd kjxg vcjecl gd |oc

hgaagd jkr ed vchgbdepedb k {skjeiecl vc~gv|cvx

9Vsjc 3>; x|k|cx0 \oc hgaagd jkr kx ed|cv~vc|cl fu Sde|!

cl X|k|cx hgsv|x ed |oc jebo| gi vckxgd kdl c~cvecdhcbgy!

cvdx k hjkea gi ~veyejcbc sdjcxx kdu gi |oc igjjgredb ~vgyelcx

g|ocvrexc0 |oc Sde|cl X|k|cx Hgdx|e|s|egd= k iclcvkj x|k|s|c=

gv vsjcx ~vcxhvefcl fu |oc Xs~vcac Hgsv|$ Fs| ed k heyej hkxc*

x|k|c jkr bgycvdx ~veyejcbc vcbkvledb k hjkea gv lcicdxc igv

roeho x|k|c jkr xs~~jecx |oc vsjc gi lchexegd$


24/26

;?

~veyejcbc ed Xcdckv y$ Lkeju @gsvdkj!Kacvehkd* 9 /Rkxo$ ;5?>%$

\oc lex|veh| hgsv| ed Bgdpkjcx xeaejkvju vc!

jecl gd |oc kdkjuxex ed @kiicc |g hgdhjslc |ok| k

{skjeiecl ~veyejcbc cex|cl igv k vc~gv|cv xccmedb |g

~vcycd| |oc hga~cjjcl lexhjgxsvc gi edigvak|egdocjl fu k |oevl ~kv|u$ Aeds|cx ~vgbvka sd!

lcv Vsjc ;2/h%$ 98> I$6l ;85 /8l Hev$ ;5?>%* hcv|$lcdecl*


25/26

;5

\oc Fvkdpfsvb hgsv| dg|cl |ok| |ocvc rkx

acve| ed jckyedb x|k|c jcbexjk|svcx ivcc* re|oed

Ievx| Kacdlacd| jeae|x* |g ikxoegd |ocev grd

x|kdlkvlx re|o vcx~ch| |g k `gsvdkjex|x ~veyejcbc*

edhjsledb |oc vcjk|egdx fc|rccd jkr cdigvhcacd|

kdl |oc ~vcxx* klledb |ok| ]eQ| bgcx re|ogs| xkuedb*

gi hgsvxc* |ok| rc kvc ~grcvjcxx |g fkv x|k|c hgsv|x

ivga vcx~gdledb ed |ocev grd rku kdl hgdx|vsedb

|ocev grd hgdx|e|s|egdx xg kx |g vchgbdepc k dcrx!

akdx ~veyejcbc* ce|ocv {skjeiecl gv kfxgjs|c$ ?

S$X$ k| 2>9$ RocdFvkdpfsvbrkx lchelcl* `sx| ;2

x|k|cx okl cdkh|cl xoecjl jkrx |g ~vgyelc `gsvdkj!

ex|x re|o ~vg|ch|egdx igv |ocev xgsvhcx kdl edigv!

ak|egd$ El$ k| 95;* d$62$ \glku* x|k|cx kdl |oc

Lex|veh| gi Hgjsafek okyc xsho jkrx$2

Ed k| jckx| |rg iclcvkj Hevhse|x |oc Xchgdl

kdl \oevl `slbcx okyc jggmcl |g |oc ~gjehecx c!

~vcxxcl ed x|k|c xoecjl jkrx kx k bselc ed igvasjk|!

edb |oc hgd|gsvx gi iclcvkj hgaagd!jkr ~veyejcbc$

Ed Vejcu* igv edx|kdhc* |oc \oevl Hevhse| xkel kj|!

ogsbo e| rkx dg| fgsdl |g igjjgr |oc ^cddxujykdek

x|k|c jkr ed cykjsk|edb k hjkea gi ~veyejcbc* dce!

|ocv xogsjl rc ebdgvc ^cddxujykdekx ~sfjeh ~gjehu

beyedb dcrx~k~cv vc~gv|cvx ~vg|ch|egd ivga leysjb!

edb |ocev xgsvhcx$ 9;6 I$6l k| 2;3$ \oc Xchgdl

Hevhse| ed ygd Fsjgr fu Kscvx~cvb y$ ygd Fsjgr vc!

jecl gd |oc xkac vk|egdkjc ed vchgbdepedb DcrUgvmx x|k|c xoecjl jkr* edlehk|edb |ok| |oc jkr

hgsjl ~vgyelc sxcisj ed cykjsk|edb |oc fgsdlkvecx gi

2 Mvex|cd Vkxasxxcd* Rcx| Yevbedek kh|edb bgycvdgv xebdx vc!

~gv|cv xoecjl jkr* VC^GV\CVX HGAAE\\CC IGV IVCCLGA GI

\OC ^VCXX* K~vej 9* 6>;;* o||~0''rrr$vhi~$gvb'fvgrxc!aclek!

jkr!vcxgsvhcx'dcrx'rcx|!yevbedek!kh|edb!bgycvdgv!xebdx!

vc~gv|cv!xoecjl!jkr$


26/26

6>

|oc vc~gv|cvx ~veyejcbc$ ?;; I$6l ;89* ;; Rejxgd Fjyl$* Xse|c ;;>>Kvjedb|gd* YK 666>5!6;>>

ffvgrdNvhi~$gvb/2>8% ?>2!6;>>

Lchcafcv ;5* 6>;6

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