REPORTED SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH(INDIRECT SP.)REPORTED SPEECH(INDIRECT SP.)

Indirect SpeechIndirect Speech (also referred to as (also referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English. almost always used in spoken English.

If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original. into the past from the original.

He said, "I live in Paris.“ He said, "I live in Paris.“ present simplepresent simple He said he lived in Paris.He said he lived in Paris. He said, "I am cooking dinner." He said, "I am cooking dinner." present conpresent con.. He said he was cooking dinner.He said he was cooking dinner. He said, "I have visted London twice.He said, "I have visted London twice.present perfectpresent perfect He said he had visited London twice.He said he had visited London twice. He said, "I went to New York last week.“He said, "I went to New York last week.“past simplepast simple.. .. He said he had gone to New York the week before.He said he had gone to New York the week before.

He said, "I had already eaten." He said, "I had already eaten." past perfectpast perfect He said he had already eatenHe said he had already eaten He said, "I am going to find a new jobHe said, "I am going to find a new job.“going to future.“going to future He said he was going to find a new job.He said he was going to find a new job. He said, "I will give Jack a call." He said, "I will give Jack a call." simple futuresimple future He said he would give Jack a call.He said he would give Jack a call.

EXAPLESEXAPLES

Ali: ‘I don’t like horror films’Ali: ‘I don’t like horror films’

Ali Ali saidsaid he didn’t like horror film. he didn’t like horror film. Ali Ali sayssays he doesn’t lke horroe films. he doesn’t lke horroe films. Ali said Ali said ‘‘I don’t like horror films I don’t like horror films ’’ ‘‘ I don’t like horror films I don’t like horror films ’’he saidhe said

REPORTING STATEMENTSREPORTING STATEMENTSWhile reporting the sentences we generally While reporting the sentences we generally

use (tell and say)use (tell and say)He has told me…../I will tell He has told me…../I will tell

him……We told them…………him……We told them…………

He said (that)…… I will say (that)He said (that)…… I will say (that)…. OR He said to me …..(not …. OR He said to me …..(not common)common)

ExamplesExamples(present tenses and future)(present tenses and future)

Paul: I am not so keen on to see this filmPaul: I am not so keen on to see this film..

Paul Paul sayssays that he is not so keen on to see that he is not so keen on to see that film.that film.

Paul Paul has toldhas told us he is not so keen on to us he is not so keen on to see that filmsee that film

Paul Paul will tellwill tell you he is not so keen on to you he is not so keen on to see that film.see that film.

EXAMPLES(PAST AND PAST PERFECT)EXAMPLES(PAST AND PAST PERFECT)

Ayşe :I will help you tomorrow.Ayşe :I will help you tomorrow. Ayşe told me (that) she would help me the Ayşe told me (that) she would help me the

following day.following day. Ayşe had told Ayşe had told

me……………………………………........ me……………………………………........

TENSE CHANGES in REPORTED TENSE CHANGES in REPORTED SPEECHSPEECH

‘’‘’I I never get upnever get up late’’ late’’ >>He said that he never got up late.He said that he never got up late. ‘’‘’I I am workingam working on my thesis’’ on my thesis’’ >>He said that he was He said that he was

working on his thesis.working on his thesis. ‘’‘’I I have appliedhave applied for a job.’’ for a job.’’ >>He said that he had applied He said that he had applied

for a job.for a job. ‘’‘’I I have been workinghave been working for two hours.’’ for two hours.’’ >>He said that he He said that he

had been working for two hours.had been working for two hours. ‘’‘’I I stayedstayed at home last night.’’ at home last night.’’ >>He said that he had He said that he had

stayed at home the previous night.stayed at home the previous night. ‘’‘’I I was workingwas working in Ankara last year.’’ in Ankara last year.’’ >>He said that he He said that he

had been working in Ankara the previous year.had been working in Ankara the previous year.

am-is-are going to………………….was-were am-is-are going to………………….was-were going to.going to.

Shall-will…………………………..shouldl-wouldShall-will…………………………..shouldl-would Should-would……………………...should-wouldShould-would……………………...should-would Can…………………………………couldCan…………………………………could Must-have to……………………….had toMust-have to……………………….had to Don’t have to………………………didn’t have toDon’t have to………………………didn’t have to Must’t………………………………must’ntMust’t………………………………must’nt May…………………………………mightMay…………………………………might Might……………………………….mightMight……………………………….might Used to……………………………..used toUsed to……………………………..used to

Expressions of time and place in Expressions of time and place in Reported SpeechReported Speech

TodayToday that daythat day TonightTonight that nightthat night YesterdayYesterday the previous daythe previous day Last weekLast week the previous weekthe previous week Yesterday morningYesterday morning the previous morningthe previous morning Two years agoTwo years ago two years before-earliertwo years before-earlier TomorrowTomorrow the next daythe next day Next weekNext week the following weekthe following week NowNow then-immediatelythen-immediately

MORE REPORTING VERBS(EXAMPLES)MORE REPORTING VERBS(EXAMPLES)

Ex’:I didn’t steal the Money’Ex’:I didn’t steal the Money’ He He denieddenied that he had stolen the Money that he had stolen the Money Ex:’We will get married as soon as school is Ex:’We will get married as soon as school is

over.over. They They announcedannounced that they would get married as that they would get married as

soon as school was over.soon as school was over. Ex:’You will really feel comfortable at that hotel’Ex:’You will really feel comfortable at that hotel’ The travel agent The travel agent assuredassured us that we would really us that we would really

feel comfortable at that hotel.feel comfortable at that hotel.

Ex:I will never leave you’Ex:I will never leave you’ HeHe promised promised met hat he would never met hat he would never

leave me.leave me. Ex:’I killed him last night’Ex:’I killed him last night’ He He confessedconfessed that he had killed him the that he had killed him the

previous night.previous night. Ex:’I stayed in Saudi Arabia so I can speak Ex:’I stayed in Saudi Arabia so I can speak

Arabic fluently.’Arabic fluently.’ He He boastedboasted that he had stayed in S.A.so that he had stayed in S.A.so

he could speak Arabic fluently.he could speak Arabic fluently.

Reporting VerbsReporting Verbs

AddAdd ShoutShout BoastBoast YellYell AnnounceAnnounce InformInform AnswerAnswer ReplyReply DenyDeny AssureAssure ComplainComplain ProtestProtest PromisePromise Remind(obj)Remind(obj)

REPORTING QUESTIONSREPORTING QUESTIONS

Intead of ‘’say-tell’………Intead of ‘’say-tell’………

AskAsk WonderWonder Want to knowWant to know Want to learnWant to learn

ExamplesExamples ‘‘Why didn’t you come to the party’Why didn’t you come to the party’ She asked me why I hadn’t come to the She asked me why I hadn’t come to the

party.party.

‘‘Why are you leaving so early today’Why are you leaving so early today’ My mother asked me why I was leaving so My mother asked me why I was leaving so

early that day.early that day. Are you coming with us’Are you coming with us’ She asked me if I was coming with them.She asked me if I was coming with them.

‘‘Are you coming with us’Are you coming with us’ She She is asking me ifis asking me if I am coming with them. I am coming with them.

‘‘Why did you refuse my offer’Why did you refuse my offer’ He He has asked me twice whyhas asked me twice why I refused his I refused his

offeroffer

REPORTING IMPERATIVESREPORTING IMPERATIVES

Direct:Study your lessons regularlyDirect:Study your lessons regularly Indirect:The teacher Indirect:The teacher toldtold us to study our…. us to study our….

Direct:Don’t try to cheat during the exam.Direct:Don’t try to cheat during the exam. Indirect:The teacher Indirect:The teacher warnedwarned us not to us not to

cheat in the exam.cheat in the exam.

Direct:Don’t play with the matches.Direct:Don’t play with the matches. Indirect:IIndirect:I warned warned my son not to play with my son not to play with

the matches.the matches.

Direct:Don’t use my car again.Direct:Don’t use my car again. Indirect:My father Indirect:My father orderedordered me not use his me not use his

car again.car again. >OR:My father >OR:My father forbade me to use his car.forbade me to use his car.

Direct:Don’t forget to phone Ann later todayDirect:Don’t forget to phone Ann later today Indirect:Sue Indirect:Sue reminded mereminded me not to forget to phone not to forget to phone

Ann later that day.Ann later that day. OR>Sue reminded me to phone…..OR>Sue reminded me to phone…..

Direct:Don’t hit the childrenDirect:Don’t hit the children Indirect:His wife Indirect:His wife beggedbegged him not to hit the him not to hit the

children.children.

Direct:Help me please with this heavy suitcase.Direct:Help me please with this heavy suitcase. Indirect:An old lady Indirect:An old lady requestedrequested me to help her…. me to help her….

Reported sp.mixed typeReported sp.mixed type

Statement + StatementStatement + Statement

Ex:’I have to study hard or I will fail the the test’Ex:’I have to study hard or I will fail the the test’ She said that she had to study hard or she She said that she had to study hard or she

would fail the testwould fail the test Ex:’I liked the book but I didn’t like its film Ex:’I liked the book but I didn’t like its film

version muchversion much She said that she had liked the book but she She said that she had liked the book but she

hadn’t liked its film version much.hadn’t liked its film version much.

Question + QuestionQuestion + Question

Ex:‘Why are you still at home?Does your Ex:‘Why are you still at home?Does your lesson start later today?lesson start later today?

My mother asked me why I was still at home My mother asked me why I was still at home and if my lesson started later that day.and if my lesson started later that day.

Question + Imperative / Imperative + QuesionQuestion + Imperative / Imperative + Quesion

Ex:’Why are you still waiting?Start your work without Ex:’Why are you still waiting?Start your work without delaydelay

The boss asked the employees why they were still The boss asked the employees why they were still waiting and told them to start their work without waiting and told them to start their work without delay.delay.

Ex:’Do it as I told you.Do you have any more Ex:’Do it as I told you.Do you have any more questions?’questions?’

The manager told the secretary to do it as he had The manager told the secretary to do it as he had told her and asked if she had any more questions.told her and asked if she had any more questions.

Statement + Question / Question + StatementStatement + Question / Question + Statement

Ex:’It is very hot in here.Can I open the window?’Ex:’It is very hot in here.Can I open the window?’ I said that it was very hot in there and asked if I I said that it was very hot in there and asked if I

could open the window.could open the window.

Ex:’What time is it?I don’t want to miss the news Ex:’What time is it?I don’t want to miss the news programme on TV.programme on TV.

She wantwd to know what time it was and said She wantwd to know what time it was and said that she didn’t want to miss the news that she didn’t want to miss the news programme on TV.programme on TV.

Statement + Imperative / Imperative + StatementStatement + Imperative / Imperative + Statement

Ex:’I am very keen on my freedom.Don’t Ex:’I am very keen on my freedom.Don’t interfere in my business’.interfere in my business’.

She told her parents that she was very keen on She told her parents that she was very keen on her freedom and told them not to interfere in her her freedom and told them not to interfere in her business.business.

Ex:’Don’t involve me in this case.I don’t want to Ex:’Don’t involve me in this case.I don’t want to get into trouble.’get into trouble.’

He told us not to involve him in that case and He told us not to involve him in that case and said that he didn’t want to get into trouble.said that he didn’t want to get into trouble.