repair of bone hematoma formation (blood-filled swelling) fibrocartilage callus formation bony...
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Repair of Bone
Hematoma Formation (blood-filled swelling)
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling
Repair of Bone
Hematoma
Externalcallus
Bonycallus ofspongybone
Healedfracture
Newbloodvessels
Internalcallus(fibroustissue andcartilage)
Spongybonetrabecula
Hematomaformation
Fibrocartilagecallus formation
Bony callusformation
Bone remodeling
The Axial Skeleton
Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
Divided into three parts
The Skull
Two sets of bones Cranium Facial bones
The Skull
Bones are joined by sutures
Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
Cranial Bones
Frontal bone Parietal bone Temporal bone Occipital bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
Cranium
Facial Bones
Maxillae
Palatine bones
Zygomatic bones
Lacrimal bones
Nasal bones
Vomer bone
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Mandible
Facial Bones
Superior View
Inferior View
Lateral View
Paranasal Sinuses
Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
Functions:
Paranasal Sinuses
Paranasal Sinuses
Hyoid Bone
The only bone that does not articulate with another bone
Hyoid Bone
Hyoid Bone
The Vertebral Column
24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs 7 12 5
The Vertebral Column
9 vertebrae fuse to form 2 composite bones Sacrum Coccyx
Intervertebral Discs
Pads of flexible fibrocartilage
What happens as you age?
The Vertebral Column
The Vertebral Column
Primary curvatures of the
Present from birth
Secondary curvatures of the
Develop after birth
The Vertebral Column
A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View
• Atlas (C1) has no body
• Axis (C2) as pivot to rotate axis
C3-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
Vertebral Column
What is the major function of the vertebral column?
The Bony Thorax
Consists of three parts Sternum Ribs
True ribs False ribs Floating ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
The Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
Clavicle—collarbone
Scapula—shoulder blade
Allow for exceptional free movement
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
Upper Limbs
Humerus
Forms the arm Single bone
Upper Limbs
Forearm (2 bones)
Ulna
Radius
Hands
Carpals (wrist) Metacarpals (palm) Phalanges (fingers)
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
Formed by 2 coxal bones
Coxal bones composed of 3 pairs of fused bones Ilium Ischium Pubis
Total weight of body rests here!!
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
Gender differences
The Appendicular Skeleton
The female inlet is larger and more circular
bones are lighter and thinner
The female ilia flare more laterally
The female sacrum is shorter and less curved
The female pubic arch is more rounded (accute vs. obtuse)
Bones of the Lower Limbs
Femur
Thigh
The heaviest, strongest bone in the body
Foot
Tarsals
Two largest tarsals Calcaneus (heelbone) Talus
Metatarsals—sole
Phalanges—toes
Arches of the foot
3 arches Two longitudinal One transverse
Joints
Fibrous joints Generally immovable
Example: Sutures Syndesmoses
Fibrous Joints
Joints
Cartilaginous joints Bones connected by cartilage Immovable or slightly
moveable
Example: Pubic symphysis Intervertebral joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Joints
Synovial Joints bones are separated by a joint cavity Synovial fluid Freely moveable
Synovial Joints
Types of Synovial Joints based on shape
Synovial Joints bones are separated by a joint cavity Synovial fluid Freely moveable
Types of Synovial Joints based on shape
Plane Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Types of Synovial Joints based on shape
Condyloid Joint
Saddle Joint
Ball and Socket Joint
Gouty arthritis (Gout)
Gouty arthritis (Gout)
Gouty arthritis Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of uric acid
crystals from the blood Can usually be controlled with diet
Gouty arthritis (Gout)
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Fetus
Long bones of hyaline cartilage
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Birth
Fontanels remain until around age 2
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Adolescence
Epiphyseal plates ossified and long bone growth ends
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
2 years old—skull is larger in proportion to the body
8 or 9 years old—skull is near adult size and proportion
Between ages 6 and 11, the face grows out from the skull
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Osteoporosis
Bone-thinning disease afflicting
50% of women over age 65 20% of men over age 70
Osteoporosis