Renal Cell CarcinomaIntroductionRenal cell cancer, also called renal cell carcinoma, are cancerous or malignant cells that are found in the lining of very small tubes, known as tubules,The most common form of kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinomaRenal cell carcinoma usually does not cause obvious symptoms, especially in the early stagesAbout 9 out of 10 kidney cancers are renal cell carcinomas. Although R usually grows as a single tumor within a kidney, sometimes there are ! or more tumors in one kidney or even tumors in both kidneys at the same timeStage groupingStage IThe tumor is 7 cm across or smaller and is only in the kidney. There is no spread to lymph nodes or distant organs .Stage IIThe tumor is larger than 7 cm across but is still only in the kidney. There is no spread to lymph nodes (N0) or distant organs Stage III1. The tumor is growing into a major vein (like the renal vein or the vena cava) or into tissue around the kidney, but it is not growing into the adrenal gland or beyond Gerotas fascia There is no sread to lymh nodes or distant organs!. The main tumor can be any si"e and may be outside the kidney, but it has not sread beyond Gerotas fascia. The cancer has sread to nearby lymh nodes but has not sread to distant lymh nodes or other organsStage IThe main tumor is gro!ing beyond "erota#s $ascia and may be gro!ing into the adrenal gland on top o$ the kidney . It may or may not ha%e spread to nearby lymph nodes. It has not spread to distant lymph nodes or other organs'In our case the stage o$ Renal Cell Carcinoma is Stage ( measuring 7.7 ) 7.* ) +.,cm-Causes . Risk /actorsThe exact cause of RCC is not known, but several risk factors have been identified1. SMOKING 5. History o t!"#ro!s s$l#rosis %. &o'( T#rm Dialysis). O"#sity*. A(#+.S#,-G#'.#r0ost people !ith renal cell carcinoma (RCC) do not ha%e ob%ious symptoms. This means that RCC is sometimes not $ound until the cancer is ad%ancedThe most common ones include11. 1loo. i' t2# !ri'# 3H#mat!ria42. 5ai' i' t2# si.#s o t2# mi. "a$6 3t2# la'643. A 0al0a"l# mass i' t2# a".om#' or si.# o t2# "a$64. 7#i(2t &oss%. Ni(2t S8#ats). 9'#,0lai'#. F#:#r2I3"N4SIS#bdominal $ltra %ound&T %can'iosy(maging scansUnlike other cancers, a biopsy is not always needed to be sure that you have renal cell carcinoma. Instead, the diagnosis may be based upon how the tumor looks on the CT scan. Later, the diagnosis is confrmed when the tumor or kidney is removed during surgery.TR53T05NTRadical nephrectomyNephron6sparing treatments7re%ention1. Quit Smoking2. Maintain a healthy weight3. Control high blood pressure.7atient#s 7ro8leName1 )atient *G#3ge+ ,1 yrs. old9irthdate1 -ctober !!, 1./0"ender1 1ale9lood Type1 2-3 45 )ositive3ddress+ Tagao %ta. 4osa 6aguna4ccupation+ 7ormer 87# &alibrator3ttending 7hysician+ 9r. :;%2ate o$ 3dmission1 7ebruary 11, !& renal mass/inal 2iagnosis1 4enal 1ass left T>& 4enal &ell &arcinoma Chie$ Complaint1 6eft renal mass:istory o$ present illness1 ! months )T#, on routine blood chemistry t. was noted to have increase creatinine, abdominal ultra sound re?uested! weeks )T# whole abdominal ultra sound done with note of a renal mass left, consult was done care of attending hysician advised surgery hence admission7ast 0edical :istory1 (@) 91 (@) 5yertensive(@) %urgical oeration of aendectomy (@) 8erolitotomy(@) Trans $rethral 4esection )rostate/amily :istory1(@) #sthma (@)91Social :istory1 #lcohol 9rinker%moker9aseline ital Signs1T+0,.