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Renaissance & Reformation

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Page 1: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Renaissance & Reformation

Page 2: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Renaissance=“rebirth”Renaissance=“rebirth”

• Began in Italy in 1300 A.D.

• Reached its peak around 1500 A.D.

• Emphasized human experience and individual achievement rather than religion

Page 3: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Renaissance…• Intellectual movement

• Based on ‘humanism’

• Studied classical culture of Greece & Rome to broaden their understanding

• Emphasized the humanities: rhetoric, poetry, & history

Page 4: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Renaissance Art…

• Reflected Humanism• Painters pursued “realism” • Developed improved ways to

represent humans and landscapes

• Discovered “perspective”: ways to make art appear 3-dimensional

Page 5: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Famous Renaissance Painters…

• Leonardo de Vinci

Page 6: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Famous Renaissance Painters…

• Michelangelo

Page 7: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Michelangelo

Page 8: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Famous Renaissance Painters…

• Raphael

Page 9: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Famous Renaissance Writers…

• Niccolo Machiavelli

• “The Prince”: Guidebook for rulers on how to gain & maintain power

Page 10: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Other Renaissance Men…

• Erasmus: Dutch priests/humanists who called for translation of the Bible into more modern vernacular

• Thomas More: Called for social reform; utopian society.

Page 11: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

William Shakespeare

• English poet/playwright. 37 plays; 1,700 new words to English language.

• “Romeo & Juliet”• “MacBeth”• “Hamlet”

Page 12: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Coming out of the Dark Ages…The Printing Press

• Johann Gutenburg

• 1455=printed the 1st complete edition of the Bible.

Page 13: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Printing Press

Cheaper Books

Easier to produce

More booksavailable

More peopleLearn to

read

New ideas & new places

Page 14: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution mid-1500s

Nicholas Copernicus (1543)Proposed a heliocentric (sun-centered)

model of the solar system

Page 15: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Galileo

• Italy

• Assembled telescope & observed 4 moons of Jupiter orbiting the planet.

• Opposed by the Church

Page 16: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

New approaches to New approaches to science… science…

Based on:• Observation • Experimentation• Logic• Reasoning ↓↓• Hypothesis→ → →Scientific

Method

Page 17: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

Scientific Scientific RevolutionariesRevolutionaries

• René Descartes=Reasoning

• Francis Bacon=Experimentation & Observation

• Isaac Newton=Gravity & calculus

Page 18: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

• Martin Luther

• Germany, 1517

• Challenged the Catholic Church

• Stated that all Christians have = access to God through faith & the Bible

• Christians can be saved only through faith.

Page 19: Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual

John Calvin

• Switzerland

• Also challenged Catholic Church

• Believed in predestination (Only those God has picked who will go to Heaven)

• English Calvinists sail to America to escape religious persecution in the 1600s.


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