Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration, Enlightenment,

Scientific Revolution, Revolutions and Rebellions, and Napoleon

Georgia High School Graduation Test Study Slides

Taken straight from the state-issued study booklet(In other words, this is what the state wants you to know for the test!!!)

Created and Compiled by Angel ClearyGrovetown High School

Renaissance1. Renaissance2. Florence3. Humanism4. Petrarch5. Erasmus6. Dante7. Machiavelli8. Renaissance Man9. Leonardo Da Vinci10. Michelangelo

Renaissance 1350-1650 A.D.• Renaissance is French for

“rebirth”• Time period when European

artists and philosophers “rediscovered” Greek and Roman ideas like realist art, philosophy and logic, mathematics, imitated it, and created new ideas.

• Began in Italian Peninsula in city-state of Florence

• Why? Italian merchant families, rich from their strategic location as a port for Mediterranean Sea silk road trade routes, commissioned art and literature works

• Medici, corrupt banking family, commissioned to be done in the style of the Greeks and Romans Roman Art – 30 B.C.

Renaissance Art – 1450s

I am a realist statue because I look real…. Except … how am I talking without a head?

Greek Art – 300 B.C.

I am Julius Caesar, the first Roman Emperor. I’m a realist statue because I look.uh….real….

I am David, from David and Goliath Bible story. No, I didn’t go up against a giant in the buff.

I’m naked because the Renaissance artist who

created me, Michelangelo, wanted to glorify the human body.

Italian Peninsula Florence

Trade Routes

Cosimo Medici The Original mafia Godfather

Don’t Mess with me. Unnerstandwhat Imma sayyin?

• Humanism was a new Renaissance belief that human capabilities were limitless

– The Roman Catholic Church didn’t like this new philosophy because most leaders felt it placed emphasis on man rather than on God

– Humanism also meant studying the ancient works of the Greeks and Romans that were lost during the Dark Ages, rather than what the church said was holy enough to study

– The language of the church and of scholars was Latin; writing scholarly works in another language was a form of humanism, because it focused on a language other than the “holy” language of God

– Keeping the Bible in Latin helped the church keep control, because most people in Europe were illiterate and couldn’t read Latin

• Petrarch – 1300s – Father of Humanism– a philosopher poet in Italy– collected Greek and Roman literary works by Cicero,

homer, and Virgil– Said humanism and Christianity can be combined

• Desiderius Erasmus - 1466-1536 A.D. Dutch humanist

– wrote Greek translations of the bible– Said Bible should be written in vernacular

Renaissance cont…If God made us in his image, then doesn’t it make sense that we can do similar things as him?

If God made us in his image, then why are there so many ugly people?

Petra

rch

If the Bible were written in each person’s native language, then they could read God’s word for themselves!!!

• Dante Alighieri 1265-1321 – wrote The Divine Comedy – It’s not a funny story, but is Greek

for “a play that has a happy ending”

– It’s Humanist because he wrote it in his native language Italian instead of Latin

– Also because in it he travels through the Catholic version of Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory

– In it he critiques the Catholic church by writing corrupt church members in Hell and Purgatory

– He also wrote love poetry glorifying Beatrice, a woman he never really met; that is also humanist because love poetry should be about God and not earthly relationships

Renaissance cont…Botecelli’s concept of hell

Pope Nicholas! Come

here often?

Renaissance continued…

• Nicolo Machiavelli – 1265-1321 – Florentine who wrote The Prince– A book about how to be an effective

ruler– Said a ruler should not only be

concerned about moral reasons for doing things but the end result

– So if the result of a law or war is favorable, if it helps the ruler keep power, then

“The end justifies the means”Or do whatever it takes to get it done.

Renaissance continued…Leonarnardo Da Vinci

1452 - 1519- The Real Renaissance Man• A Renaissance man is good at

everything he tries, like Da Vinci• Lute player, architect,

painter, dissected corpses and drew anatomy diagrams, engineering designs (link to Da Vinci inventions)

• Painted the “Mona Lisa” and the “Last Supper”

• The Medici family and the Catholic church commissioned, or paid for, many of his works

Good Lord! OMG! Bless

the meal already! I’m

starving!

Renaissance continued…

• Michelangelo – 1475-1564; painter, sculptor, poet– Rival of Da Vinci in Florence and

Rome; painted mostly Christian themes

– Trained in humanist school founded by Medici

– Scultped Pieta; Mary holding a crucified Jesus

– David; from David and Goliath– Cistine Chapel; each picture

contained a story from the Bible– Most famous is “The Creation”

Review Questions

1. The first real Renaissance Man is considered to be

a. Machiavellib. Petrarchc. Michelangelod. Da Vinci A Renaissance man is good at everything he

tries; Da Vinci was an excellent painter, sculptor, poet, musician, and inventor

2. The Prince is a humanist book written by Machiavelli that says

a. A prince can only become king if he is a legitimate heir of the monarch

b. A ruler should use whatever means to get the desired end result

c. Not all rulers are effective but the ones who are show sympathy to their subjects

d. The most practical way for a monarch to rule is to justify the decisions he makes to his people

Machiavelli came up with the theory that the “end justifies the means”; in other words, it’s okay to ignore morals as long as the ruler holds on to his power

3. The Renaissance can be best characterized as a time when

a. There were many new ideas created in Europeb. Italy became the most powerful place in Europec. European artists and philosophers tried to imitate the

works of the ancient Greeks and Romansd. People began to focus on humans rather than on God

Renaissance philosophers tried to revive ancient texts from Rome by going on archeological expiditions

4. Dante, Petrarch, and Erasmus were all a. Influential Catholic humanist writers of the

Renaissanceb. Influential Catholic humanist painters of the

Renaissancec. Influential Catholic humanist musicians of the

Renaissanced. Influential Catholic humanist sculptors of the

RenaissancePetrarch was the father of Humanism; Erasmus called for early reforms of the Catholic church and made a Greek Translation of the Bible; Dante wrote in his native language of Latin rather than Greek

6. The Renaissance got its start in Italy becausea. Italians were more naturally artistic and musical than

the rest of Europeb. Other rulers tried to put down any artists who

painted scenes that were humanistc. Italy had a strategic position on the crossroads of the

silk road in the middle of the Mediterranean Sead. Italy didn’t have mountains like Greece so it was

easier to transport works of art from one city-state to another

Money from Mediterranean trade helped make Italian city-states very powerful

5. A Renaissance humanist would most likely agree with which statement?

a. Humans are just as good as Godb. Human capabilities are limitlessc. Humans have limited abilitiesd. Humans have certain rights

Petrarch was the first to combine Christianity with humanism saying that if people are created in God’s image, then why couldn’t their abilities be infinite as well? He wasn’t saying that humans had God’s powers, but they had like-powers.