renaissance politics and economics

37
1 Renaissance Politics and Economics

Upload: lovey

Post on 25-Feb-2016

51 views

Category:

Documents


3 download

DESCRIPTION

Renaissance Politics and Economics. Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Economics. Revival of trade: 11th century Improved agricultural techniques Population increase New trade routes Improved transportation. A Renaissance-era moneychanger. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

1

Renaissance Politics and Economics

Page 2: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

2

Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Economics

Revival of trade: 11th century

• Improved agricultural techniques

• Population increase• New trade routes• Improved transportation

A Renaissance-era moneychanger

Page 3: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

3

Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Politics

• City-states• Communes• New economic elite• The popolo• Oligarchies and

dictatorships• Condottieri

A group of condottieri

Page 4: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

4

Italian City-States

Page 5: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

5

Milan

• The Visconti family• Territorial expansion

Milanese ruler Gian Galeazzo Visconti

Page 6: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

6

The Sforza Family

• Ruled Milan, 1450–1535• Francesco Sforza (1401–

1466)• War with Venice (1450)

and Peace of Lodi (1454)• Ludovico Sforza (1451–

1508)

Francesco Sforza

Page 7: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

7

Venice

• Major center of trade

• Doge• Merchant oligarchy

Customs House and entrance to the Grand Canal (Venice)

Page 8: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

8

War Between Venice and Genoa

Page 9: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

9

Venice in the 15th Century

• Mainland expansion• Constantinople• The Ottoman Turks

“The Capture of Constantinople” by Renaissance artist Jacopo Tintoretto

Page 10: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

10

Florence

• Center of banking and textiles

• Bankers for the papacy

• The gold florin• Nominally a republic,

but controlled by an oligarchy of bankers and merchants

Page 11: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

11

The Medici Family• Powerful bankers• Ruled Florence for most

of the 15th century• Cosimo de Medici• Patrons of the arts

Cosimo de Medici

Page 12: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

12

Lorenzo de Medici

• Grandson of Cosimo• Assumed power in 1469

at age 20• “Lorenzo the

Magnificent”• The Pazzi consipracy• War against Rome and

Naples

Page 13: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

13

Savonarola

• Dominican friar • Preached against

Florence’s “sinfulness” and “immorality”

• Expulsion of the Medici (1494)

• Bonfire of the Vanities• Hanged and burned

Page 14: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

14

Rome and the Papal States

• Renaissance popes: both religious and political leaders

• During the Renaissance, the Papacy became more political and secular

A distant view of Vatican City in Rome

Page 15: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

15

Popes and the Arts During the Renaissance

Pope Nicholas V

Interior view of the Sistine Chapel

Page 16: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

16

Papal PoliticsDuring the Renaissance

Pope Alexander VI Pope Julius IIPope Sixtus IV

Page 17: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

17

Pope Sixtus IV (1471–1484)

• Member of the della Rovere family

• Favoritism towards relatives

• Pazzi conspiracy• Encouraged Venice

to attack Ferrara

Page 18: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

18

Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503)

• Member of the Borgia family

• One of the most corrupt and immoral popes

• Put his son Cesare in charge of papal armies

Page 19: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

19

Pope Julius II (1503–1513)

• Member of the della Rovere family

• The “warrior pope”• Restored territories in

Romagna, Perugia, and Bologna to the Papal States

• Orchestrated wars against Venice and France

Page 20: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

20

Cesare Borgia (1475–1507)

• Son of Pope Alexander VI• Campaigns in Romagna• Admired by Machiavelli• Power declined after the

death of Alexander

Page 21: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

21

Naples• Only kingdom in Italy

during the Renaissance• Vassal state of Rome• More feudal than other

city-states• King Alfonso (1396–

1458)• King Ferdinand I (also

known as Ferrante; 1458–1494)

Statue depicting the coronation of the Neapolitan king Ferdinand I

Page 22: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

22

Exploration and Trade• Marco Polo• Quest for sea

routes to the East

• Portuguese traders• The African

“Gold Coast”• Vasco da Gama• The spice trade

• Christopher Columbus

Marco Polo at the court of Kublai Khan

Vasco da Gama

Page 23: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

23

The “Black Death”

Page 24: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

24

Patronage

• Financial support of artists

• Means for the wealthy and powerful to compete socially with one another

• Types of patronage Wealthy Renaissance merchants, as depicted in a fresco by artist Domenico Ghirlandaio

Page 25: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

25

Intellectual Basis of the Renaissance

• Humanism• Revival of antiquity• Importance of the

individual• Celebration of

humanity• Secular/worldly focusA page from a

Renaissance-era version of Diomedes’

Grammatica, a text on Latin grammar

Page 26: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

26

Education and Thought:Machiavelli

• The Prince• Advised rulers to use

force or deceit if necessary

• Better for rulers to be feared than loved

• Admired Cesare Borgia

Page 27: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

27

Courtly Education: Castiglione• Libro del Cortegiano

(The Courtier)• Described ideal behavior

for social elites• Sprezzatura• Role of women

Page 28: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

28

Women and the Renaissance

• Education• Roles as patrons

of the arts• Women political

leaders in Italy

Isabella d’EsteCaterina Sforza

Page 29: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

29

The Italian Wars

• 1494–1559• European powers

fought for control of various Italian city-states

• Helped spread the Renaissance to western Europe

Entry of the French king Charles VIII into Florence at the start of the Italian Wars

Page 30: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

30

Charles VIII of France• 1470–1498• Encouraged by

Ludovico Sforza to invade Italy and lay claim to Naples

• France enters Italy in 1494

• Charles takes Naples, but is then defeated by the League of Venice

Charles VIII Ludovico Sforza

Page 31: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

31

Louis XII of France• 1462–1515• Succeeded Charles VIII• Invaded Italy in 1499,

taking Milan and Genoa• Partitioned Naples with

King Ferdinand of Spain• Treaties of Blois (1504 &

1505)

Page 32: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

32

Pope Julius II

• 1503: Romagna cities annexed by Venice

• 1509: The League of Cambrai—France, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Papal States vs. Venice

• 1510: The Holy League—The Papal States, Venice, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire vs. France

• 1516: Peace of Noyon

Page 33: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

33

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

• Grandson of Ferdinand of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I

• 1521: War to take Milan from France

• 1525: Battle of Pavia—France defeated

• 1527: Sack of Rome• The Italian Wars finally end in

1559, when France renounces all claims in Italy

Page 34: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

34

The Northern Renaissance

• More focused on Christianity than the Italian Renaissance

• Began late 15th

century/early 16th century

Altarpiece for the Cathedral of St. Bavo in Ghent, created by Northern Renaissance artist Jan van Eyck

Page 35: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

35

The Printing Press

• Invented by Johann Gutenberg in the mid-1400s

• Made printed works cheaper and more readily available

• Increased literacy in Europe

• Helped spread new ideas

A replica of Gutenberg’s printing press

Page 36: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

36

Christian Humanism

• Union of classical influences and Christianity

• Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536)

• Influence on northern Renaissance artChristian humanist

scholar Desiderius Erasmus

A woodcut of Adam and Eve by Albrecht Durer, a German

Renaissance artist

Page 37: Renaissance  Politics and Economics

37

Renaissance Politics and Economics: Legacy