reimagined: the future of k12 education

Re-imagined The future of K12 education

by David Havens

2

N = 17,624 teachers 80%

95%

5:1RATIO

Source: Brightbytes, ambient insights, http://kpk12.com/states/

EVERY 4 DAYS 5 STATES

Catalyzed by technology, education is undergoing major change Towards greater personalization and access

require online coursework to graduate

a new edtech company is funded

of student to tablet by 2015

agree that their students’ learning is more engaging when using technology

of teachers agree that technology use in the classroom can enhance student learning

The time is now to re-imagine our education system 3

Outline Ø  Systemic Challenges [4] Ø  New Landscape [15] Ø  Re-imagined tools [29] Ø  New instructional models [39] Ø  Appendix

Systemic Challenges 1

“The notion of education as a public good that facilitates socioeconomic mobility for all citizens is at the heart of the American public education system.”

Emily Dalton Smith Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Percentage of low-income students increasing 5

Source: http://m.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/10/study-almost-half-of-public-school-students-are-now-low-income/280664/

2000 2011

48% of public school students are now eligible for free or reduced lunch

51%

63%

60%

56%

Note: The report did not include D.C. because its school system is too small relative to those of states

51%

50%

54%

68%

50%

60%

66%

60% 71%

55% 56%

57% 51%

50%

55% 57%

55%

*students who qualify for free or reduced-priced lunches

+10%

Percentage of low-income students 30 40 50%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Children in higher income households are improving faster 6 It’s not just the bottom getting left behind – the top 10% financially are pulling away academically

Income Achievement Gaps

Source: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/no-rich-child-left-behind/

Cohort Birth Day

Reading, 1943-2000 Birth Cohorts

90th/50th achievement gap

50th/10th achievement gap

Ave

rage

diff

eren

ce in

sta

ndar

dize

d te

st

scor

es b

etw

een

inco

me

perc

entil

es

US per pupil spending varies 300% across states 7 In 2011, ranged from $6212 (Utah) to $19076 (New York)

Source: http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/education/analysis-how-much-states-spend-on-their-kids-really-does-matter-20121016 http://www.governing.com/gov-data/education-data/state-education-spending-per-pupil-data.html

Per Pupil Current Spending (2009)

AK, HI

$0 - $9,350

$9,351 - $10,550

$10,550 – 12,000

$12,000 - $13,500

$13,501 - $18,5100

Wyo. $18,068

Utah $7,217

Source: http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/education/analysis-how-much-states-spend-on-their-kids-really-does-matter-20121016

Students of color are underrepresented in top schools 8 Over 50% of white students are in the top 30% of schools

Percentage Of Subgroups Attending Top, Middle, and Bottom performing schools

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

African-American Latino Economically Disadvantaged

White

Perc

enta

ge o

f stu

dent

s

Top 30% of schools

Middle 40%

Bottom 30%

Source: http://www.edtrust.org/sites/edtrust.org/files/publications/files/Access%20Denied.pdf Notes: In K12 schools in California, based off API scores (2009)

Living in poverty lowers chance of academic success 9 22% of children with a year of poverty do not graduate

6%

2%

9%

22%

11%

26%

Total Proficient Not Proficient

Dro

pout

Rat

es

Children without Poverty Children with Poverty Experience

Source: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf , http://www.begintoread.com/research/literacystatistics.html

Of prison inmates are functionally illiterate 60%

Teacher satisfaction at lowest level since 1986 10 Principal satisfaction down, too. Teacher stress has increased since 1985.

Source: https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/foundation/MetLife-Teacher-Survey-2012.pdf, http://kaleyperkins.com/as-teacher-satisfaction-plummets-educator-finds-way-to-teach-from-the-trunk/

Teacher Job Satisfaction Through the Years (% Very Satisfied)

Base: Teachers (2012, n=1,000)

40% 44%

33% 40%

50% 44%

54% 52% 57% 56%

62% 59%

44% 39%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1995 2001 2003 2006 2008 2009 2011 2012

Series 1

And despite spending 2nd most on education… 11

K-12 Spending Per Student In The OECD

Source: OECD, 2009 Education at a Glance

United States lags in basic literacy and numeracy skills 12 Based off OECD assessment of adult skills, 2013

Source: http://skills.oecd.org/OECD_Skills_Outlook_2013.pdf

Distribution of numeracy proficiency scores Distribution of literacy proficiency scores

#22

#17

United States is below average in equity and achievement 13 Based off OECD Program for International Student Assessment, 2012

Source: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/ (slide 7)

PISA scores

SES

Summary 14

Ø  Income Inequality is growing and has powerful implications on educational attainment

Ø  The conditions of poverty can create academic challenges and correlate to dropout rates

Ø  When compared internationally, US lags in both equity and achievement

Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

New landscape 2

“It’s not about the technology; it’s about sharing knowledge and information, communicating efficiently, building learning communities and creating a culture of professionalism in schools.

These are the key responsibilities of all educational leaders.”

Marion Ginapolis Superintendent at Lake Orion Public Schools

45 states adopt Common Core - national goals for student learning 16 Pushing students to think critically, collaboratively, creatively

Adopted

Not Yet Adopted

Source: corestandards.org, Aug 22, 2013

Common core adoption across the USA

Fixed Mind-set Intelligence is static

Leads to a desire to look smart

Growth Mind-set

Leads to a desire to learn

Intelligence can be developed

Rising focus on noncognitive factors to improve student agency 17 New academic mindsets and learning strategies linked to school success

Sources: Angela Duckworth: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~duckwort/images/Grit%20JPSP.pdf, Carol Dweck: http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=32124

Grit

Growth

Cultural Competency Effort

Perseverance

Social Emotional Intelligence

Creativity

Innovative disposition

Habits of scholarship

Character

Technology is ubiquitous in the classroom 18

97% of teachers have at least one computer in the classroom

94% enter or view grades using electronic system

Source: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdf, http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46

5 : 3 current average ratio Student : Computer

40% of teachers use technology often in the classroom

5M iPads in K12

Learning can continue beyond the school building 19 With US smartphone and tablet owners on the rise

U.S. Smartphone and Tablet Owners

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

(mill

ions

)

Source: Pew Research Center, comScore, U.S., census bureau, http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8010.pdf Note: Includes smartphones owners over age of 13 and tablet owners over age of 18

Tablet Owners

Smartphone Owners

Teacher demographics are changing 20 Younger teachers more comfortable with technology

Age of Public School Teachers, 1987-88 to 2007-08

Source: 96% number from http://blog.edmentum.com/leading-way-education-technology, http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll

40% under 30 - digital natives!

Tech companies bring devices and content ecosystems to K12 21 Apple dominates hardware while Google Apps for Education (GAFE) grows rapidly

App stores deliver rich, diverse content

Samsung

Apple

Google

Amplify

Microsoft

Source: apple.com, google.com, samsung.com, edmodo.com, schoology.com

Cost of hardware lowers; “hardware-as-a-service” enables new buying flexibility

Though serious tech infrastructure challenges remain 22

93% of computers have internet access

72%

of schools have adequate bandwidth for 2017 estimates

Source: http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46

<1%

of schools lack adequate bandwidth to use 1:1 devices in every classroom BUT

-125

-105

-85

-65

-45

-25

-5

15

35

1990

19

91

1992

19

93

1994

19

95

1996

19

97

1998

19

99

2000

20

01

2002

20

03

2004

20

05

2006

20

07

2008

20

09

2010

20

11

2012

E 20

13E

2014

E 20

15E

2016

E

Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall

Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall

State and local budgets are tightening 23

K-12 Funding Sources

Source: The Parthenon Group

U.S. K-12 Education Spending YoY Growth by Fiscal Year, 1991-2011 State and Local Budget Surplus/Shortfall by Fiscal Year, 1990-2015F

$B

13

-4 -2 -5

5 8 17

29 43 45 47

18

-47 -59

-16

14

46 34

-21

-103

-45 -37

-76

-52 -36

6

42

-125

-105

-85

-65

-45

-25

-5

15

35

55

Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall Historical Forecasting

Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Series 1 %

Venture capital flows into K-12: 74 financings in 2012 24 $427m from angels and institutional funders, transaction size ranges from $.2-80m

Source: http://www.newschools.org/blog/closer-look

Angel investment fueling early stage edtech 25 Breakdown of NSVF co-investors reveals demographics of capital sources

Source: NSVF

0%#

10%#

20%#

30%#

40%#

Socially#Aligne

d#Investors#

Angel#Investors#

Tradi:on

al#VC#

Foun

da:o

ns#

Socially#Aligne

d#Investors#

Angel#Investors#

Tradi:on

al#VC#

Foun

da:o

ns#

2012# 2013#

Percen

tage)of)D

ollars)Syndicated)

Composi6on)of)NSVF)Syndicated)Investors)

NSVF)Syndicate)Investors)Socially#aligned#and#tradi:onal#venture#firms#are#an#increasingly#important#part#of#the#Seed#Fund's#funding#network# Composition of NSVF Syndicate Investors

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

The economy demands new skills 26 In computer science alone, a one million job shortage

1.4million computing jobs

400,000 computer science students

1,000,000 more jobs than students by 2020 9 out of 10 schools don’t even offer programming classes

In 2020: 51,474 graduates / 122,300 CS jobs

Source: https://www.zdnet.com/vc-firm-study-high-skilled-stem-talent-shortage-in-u-s-is-real-7000016053

100 Million dollars from Obama for jobs in education

Educational attainment is correlated to higher earnings 27 And lower unemployment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey

Summary 28

Ø  The Common Core State Standards will allow for states to collaborate and compare data as students think more critically

Ø  Younger teachers and newer jobs pave the way for innovation and technology (which is everywhere)

Ø  Consumer technology companies enter K12 market with hardware + software


Re-imagined Tools Used by over 25 million students in US K12

3

“We need technology in every classroom and in every student and teacher’s hand, because it is the pen and paper of our time, and it is the lens through which we experience much of our world.”

David Warlick North Carolina State Department of Public Instruction

Re-imagination of literature 30 One size fits all à personalized and interactive

Print, static, limited to physical supply Accessible anywhere, customized by teacher, personalized

Re-imagination of current events 31 Periodic updates à real time stories with comprehension checks

Print, updated weekly, standardized Accessible anywhere, personalized, adaptive

Re-imagination of behavior management 32 Sticker charts à ongoing feedback and behavior tracking

Labor intensive, limited data, not visible to parents or guardians

Mobile, quick, accessible to parents and guardians

Re-imagination of engagement 33 Abstract and standardized problems à relevant and personalized content

Generic, often irrelevant to the students’ life Problems based on personal interest and real world applications

Re-imagination of assessment formats 34 Deterministic and summative à open-ended and formative

Right or wrong, guessing is prevalent Real time enables more tailored instruction and quick adjustments

Re-imagination of credentialing 35 Physical diplomas à credentialing and e-portfolio services

Brand focused, lacks visibility into skills Tracks progress, competency, and mastery – useful to employers

Re-imagination of data 36 Report cards à interactive dashboards

Static, quarterly reports with little qualitative data Real-time, accessible, more nuanced and diverse data, can be mastery based

Re-imagination of teacher training 37 From static resources to interactive video and assistance

One size fits all, theory-heavy programs Online, personalized, simulation based, focus on skill mastery

Summary 38

Ø  Every corner of the education system is being touched by innovation and/or technology

Ø Many startups are targeting districts or systems to make the analytics, outcome measuring, technology, and buying more streamlined and efficacious

Ø  View the entire edsurge edtech index (originally by NewSchools) here: https://www.edsurge.com/products/


New instructional models 4

“Our collective charge in K-12 innovation today should go beyond merely designing and producing new tools. Rather, our focus should primarily be to design new classroom models that take advantage of what these tools can do.”

Joel Rose Founder, New Classrooms

Lab Rotation 40 Students receive instruction from teacher and practice online

eg: Milpitas Schools District, original Rocketship

Classroom with computers

Classroom with teacher

Student groups rotate between traditional classroom and online instruction in a computer or learning lab

Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/, https://phs.pusdk12.org/library

Group A

Flex Rotation 41 Students work at own pace with small group sessions when needed

Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/

Group A

Students learn primarily online in a brick and mortar school location

Classroom with computers

eg: Carpe Diem Schools, Summit

Classroom Rotation 42 Learn basics online, practice in groups, and go beyond with teacher

Students groups rotate between traditional classroom instruction and online instruction within the classroom

Group with computers

Group with teacher Small work groups

eg: KIPP Empower Academy, Alliance Public Schools, Mission Dolores

Academy

Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/

Flipped Classroom 43 Watching content at home frees up class time to go deeper

Classroom Flip

Learning Through Activity

Educational Technology

The Learning Environment

provides opportunity for

influences influences

uses

Anecdotal student achievement results can be dramatic, reducing failure rates by 30% in several cases. To do so needs thoughtful implementation:

Source: http://www.knewton.com/flipped-classroom/

To see a detailed implementation guide, visit: http://learningaccelerator.org/media/5965a4f8/DLNSS.BL2PDF.9.24.13.pdf

Create conditions for success Plan Implement Improve

Charter schools also growing to support new models 44 With over 5000 schools and 2.3 million students, many focused on high needs areas

Source: http://www.uscharters.org/2013/01/us-charter-school-movement-reaches-new.html

INCREASE IN CHARTER SCHOOLS AND ITS STUDENTS

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2002-2003 2007-2008 2012-2013

Thou

sand

s

Enrolled Students Number of Schools

10 YRS: 135% GROWTH Schools

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

NEW schools

CLOSED schools

# o

f sch

ools

School year

NUMBER OF NEW & CLOSED CHARTER SCHOOLS

Summary 45

Ø  Schools are changing the way time is spent in the classroom Ø With improved data feedback from tech to teacher, teachers can better tailor

instruction to individuals or groups dynamically Ø Many schools are experimenting with new models, and we will see much more

innovation to come


So, you want to re-imagine education?

46

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Appendix

48

US lags even in basic technology proficiency 49 Like coordinating and updating reservations online

Parents expect more than 3 R’s from education systems 50

When asked which result was “most essential” in K12 after reading, math, and STEM education, parents were divided:

24%

16%

15%

14%

16%

15% Vocational Preparation

Citizenship, Democracy, and Leadership skills

High Test Scores

Openness to Diversity

Arts and Music instruction

College Acceptance

Source: What Parents Want: Education Preferences and Trade-offs (A Fordham Report)

New “Deeper thinking” tests are harder 51 As new standards roll out, test scores fall (public and private)

Percentage of New York City students who were proficient

Source: New York State Education Department

Higher income students more likely to attend selective college

52

20% of Americans control 95% of the wealth 53 And dramatically different opportunities are available to that 80%

Source: http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html

35%

28%

14%

12%

11%

Top 1%

Next 4%

Next 5%

Next 10%

Bottom 80%

42%

30%

13%

11%

5%

Net worth distribution, 2010

Financial wealth distribution, 2010

Bottom 80% : 11% of net worth

Bottom 80% : 5% of financial wealth

Over $687 billion spent on US K-12, mostly state and local 54 According to the Global Silicon Valley estimates

K-12 Funding Sources (1971-2009)


Financially struggling students overrepresented in pool of dropouts

55

Poverty Experience of Children Not Graduating from High School

No 62%

Yes 38%

No 30%

Yes 70%

Poverty Experience of All Children

Poverty Experience of Children Not Graduating

Source: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf

Teachers have fewer years of experience 56

Source http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll :

Years of Experience of Public School Teachers, 1987-88 to 2007-08

Different majors lead to different earnings 57

Source: http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/09/10/219372252/the-most-and-least-lucrative-college-majors-in-1-graph