REGIONAL PLAN 2021-NCR

NCR

UT-NCT-DELHI

HARYANA-PANIPAT,SONEPAT,JHAJJAR,GURGAON,FARIDABAD,MEWAT,PALWAL,REWARI,ROHTAK

U.P-BAGHIPAT,MEERUT,GHAZIABAD,HAPUR,BULANDSHAHR, GAUTAMBUDH NAGAR

RAJASTHAN-ALWAR

Introduction Background-

Unprecedented growth of NCT-Delhiit had recorded an extraordinary growth during

1941-51with lakhs of immigrants coming to Delhi and this trend made Delhi to reach population of 138lakhs in 2001.

Interm General Plan for Greater Delhi,1956Town Planning organization(TPO) suggested

that serious consideration should be given for a planned decentralization to outer areas and even outside the Delhi region.

Master Plan for Delhi , 1962Delhi metropolitan area of 800sq miles

comprising six ring towns- Ghaziabad & Loni (U.P.) , Faridabad, Ballabgarh, Bahadurgarh, Gurgaon & Narela.

The total requirement of Land for Strenthning of these towns was estimated 4660 acres. The plan also defined NCR comprising 8 adjoining Tehsils and three additional Tehsils of Meerut , Hapur and Bulandsher

Regional Plan 1981 , NCRPrepared By TCPO, town and Country Planning Organization, approved by

higher authorities of the union ministers of works, housing and supply which includes shifting of trade industry, sectors and offices. NCRPB act National Capitol Region Planning Board Act evolved policies to avoid Haphazard development of that region.

Maps, illustrations, diagrams should be given in regional plan.Proposals-

-Policy in relation to land use-Proposals for major urban settlements-Proposals for economic base for future-Proposals regarding transportation and communication serving the NCR.-Proposals for water and drainage-Immediate development as priority areas

Constituent Areas-Union Territory of Delhi-Haryana Sub region comprising Faridabad, Gurgaon,Rohtak, Sonepat

Districts. And Rewari and Panipat Tehsils-Rajasthan sub-region comprising 6 tehsils-Alwar ,

ramgarh,Behror,Mandawar, kishangarh and Tijara-U.P sub-region comprising 3 Districts- meerut , Ghaziabad and

Bulandsheher.

Regional Plan 2021Approved in November, 1988 proposed policy of strict control on

employment opportunities , moderate control in Delhiand within the NCR.Review of regional plan

-Location of new offices, instiutions &public sectors undertakings within NCT should be stopped.

-offices , institutes should be shifted out of NCT in metropolitan area.

-Legislations to mandate systematic programming and fixation of priorities.-amendments to be made in the plan with help of DDA act

,1957 and NCRPB act,1985.

Functional planSection 16 of NCRPB act,1985 proposed a plan prepare to elaborate more

elements of regional plan .The board prepared approved functional plans of transport, power,

industry and telecommunications.

Preparation Of Regional Plan 2021

High level group constituted under chairmanship of the Minister Of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation for the regional plan of 2021

Study groups were constituted for the Regional Plan -NCR policy zones, demographic profile and settlement pattern-Regional land use and rural development.-Physical infrastructure -Utility and service infrastructure -Social infrastructure-Environment including tourism , heritage, pollution and disaster

management-Institutional framework-Economical and fiscal policies

On the basis of these groups the regional plan is prepared.

The draft regional plan 2021 was considered in the 26th meeting of the board to invite suggestions under section12 of the NCRPB act,1985.

Then the Draft regional plan 2021 was published on 2004 and approved in 2005.

Region

Physical Setting-Ganga at its eastern boundary-Yamuna at north-south forming boundary between U.P and Haryana .-Sand dunes and barrel hills of aravali in west-Gentle slope to north-east to south-west

Geology -Rock type exposed area belongs to delhi -Quartzite of alwar , these are massive hard beds-Hills on south-west of delhi, at delhi, gurgoan , rewari and alwar

Geomorphology River System and Ground

water-River in NCR are the ganga , yamuna , hindon and kali which flow from north to south.-Alwar and gurgoan districts are irrigated by ground water-Ground water quality concern, there are few fresh water resources in north-east and south-

east areas-Fluorides andnitrates are more in NCT are and south-west portion

of NCR.

Aims & Objectives Aims and Objectives

Notified in jan 1989 to achieve balanced and harmonious development.Policy parameters:

-Delhi to have restricted growth and decentralization of activities in concentrated areas.

-Delhi metropolitan area(DMA) includes the control development areas of contiguous towns of ghaziabad-loni,noida, faridabad-ballabhgarh complex, gurgoan,

bahadurgarh &kundlu.

Policies for development in regional plan 2021-Providing suitable economic base for future growth by identification and

development of regional settlements capable of absorbing the economic development inputs of NCT-Delhi.

-Providing efficient and economic rail and other transportation network.-Minimizing the adverse environmental impact.-Developing selected urban settlements.-Providing rational land use pattern in order to preserve good agricultural

land and utilize unproductive land for urban use.-Promoting sustainable development.-Resource mobilization and adoption of innovative methods of development.

Policy zones

NCT-Delhi-Basic to achieve environmentally sustainable development and re-

development taking into the limitation of developable land and water -Only activities necessary to sustain the local population of NCT-

Delhi should be permitted.

Central NCR excluding NCT-Delhi-Opportunities need to be maximized to enable it to effectively

reinforce/support NCT-Delhi by offering jobs, economic activities , transport etc.

-Major economic and non-polluting activities intended to be located in NCT-Delhi should be located in urbanisable areas of NCR .

Highway corridor zones-Proposed with a minimum width of 500m including green buffers

along national highways converging at delhi.-HCZ along NH71,71a,71b,119,93,235,11a &expressways have

been proposed.

Rest of NCR-The basic policy of regional plan 2021 will be continued and has to be

substantionally upgraded at local and regional level specifically in metro centers , regional centers and sub-region centers.

-For accelerated development of rural and urban areas.

Demographic profile & settlement pattern

According to census 2001 , India has a population of 102.86 crore of which urban population is 28.61 crore.

The four mega cities- mumbai , kolkata, delhi and chennai together account for more than 17% population and 4.5% reside in NCT-Delhi

Population Distribution DensityThe NCR comprises entire NCT of delhi, 8 districts of Haryana , I

district of rajasthan and 5 district of U.p with a population of 371 lakhs in 2001.

Distribution of population in sub-region of NCR 2011

The density of population of NCR including NCT is 1,105 persons per sq km against all India average of 324 persons per sq km ,while excluding NCT-Delhi it is 724 persons per sq km in 2001.

Growth of PopulationNCT-DelhiThe growth of population during the period 1951-91 is above 50% and during 1991-2001 its declined to 51.45 to 47.02%Urban population- Nct is highly urbanized with 93.18% population living in urban area as against the national avg of 27.81%

Urban Rural composition of population in NCR

Rural Population--The population of NCT-Delhi was 9,63,215, there is a sharp increase during 1981-91 (109.86%) which is declined by 0.54% during 1991-2001.-number of villages declined from209 in 1991 to 158 in 2001.

Components of growth in NCT-Delhi

Natural GrowthThe share of natural

growth during 1981-91 is 59.21%Migration

-The main reason for migration into NCT are employment , business and family movements.

-Migration contributes 44.20%to 40.78% to population of NCT.

Population projection for 2021The population of NCR is projected to 641.38 lakhs by 2021 and

share of NCT delhi is to be 234.87 lakh.

Settlement Pattern

Urban Settlements-It is increased from 94 in 1981 to 108 in 2001.there are 17 class I

cities , 9 class-II towns , 26 class-III towns ,39 class-IV towns , 15 class-V towns and 2 class-VI towns in 2001.

-91% of urban population reside in class-I cities rest were distributed among 91 towns of class-Ii to Class-VI.

35 urban settlements in Haryana ,9 in Rajasthan and 63 in U.P.

Rural settlements -According to census 2001 there are 7,528 rural settlements of

various sizes in NCR of which 158 in NCT-delhi, 2,471 in Haryana , 1,954 in Rajasthan and 3,185 in U.P.

-More than 162 lakh person lived in rural areas in NCR in 2001

Central NCRHighest order settlement identified in regional plan2001 were 6

CNCR towns and 11 priority towns of these 6 towns of ghaziabad and faridabad reached there targeted their population the rest CNCR towns could not achieve .

Proposed hierarchy of Settlements

Metro centreAlready there are 3 complexes namely ghaziabad-loni complex, faridabad-ballabhgarh and meerut .This would include efficient intra urban mass transportation system as well as communication linkages with delhi, other metro centers. Metro centers help in population dispersalRegional centreWell established urban centre in the region having secondary and tertiary sector activities , job opportunities .Sub-region centreIt is a medium sized town or intermediate city performing a variety of roles and development to achieve a balanced urban population.Service centreSmall town or large village having linkage with immediate rural lands.Central villlageHigher order vill. Potential for development with better service & facilities.Basic VillagePopulation <5000 would be provided with basic facilities & minimum social infrastructure.

Economic scenario BackgroundThe size and nature of economic activities had a great infuence on delhi metro extensions to the CNCR and construction.

Gross Domestic ProductDuring 2004-10 GDP increased by 52 % wheras GDP of NCR increased by 67%.NCR contributed 7.1% of india’s GDP whereas the population Is 3.8% and land is less than 1%.

Per Capita incomeduring 2004-10 PCI of NCR went up from rs38,758 to rs59,624.

Among the various sub-region of NCR , delhi has the highest share of GDP in NCR.

During 2005-10 , haryana recorded the highest rate of GDP and Per Capita Income followed by NCT while UP had the lowest.

NCT-DelhiConsistent increase in GDP and Per Capita income during 2005-10.

Haryana sub-regionRate of growth of Gross Sub-region Product(GSDP) increased from 12.9% to 16.4% Gurgaon recorded the highest GDP followed by Faridabad District in year 2009-10 , while meewat had the lowest GDP

Structural Composition of Work ForceIn NCR the primary Sector showed a decline from 35%(1991) to 29%(2001)While the workforce increased for secondary and tertiary sectors.Secondary sector it is 23%(1991) to 27%(2001)Tertiary sector increased from 42%(1991) to 44%(2001)

Financial Inclusion

In india , 58.7% households avail banking services .

71.5% households of NCR avail banking services In NCT , it is 77.7%For faridabad it is 71.1%And in gurgoan it is 78.2%

Policy and ProposalsThe key behind reformation of NCR was to promote balanced growth and development of the region.

-Comparison of PCI of different districts of NCR reveals that meewat has the lowest PCI while Gurgoan and Faridabad higher than delhi.

-Development in the secondary and tertairy sector in NCR to bring employment.

-Connectivity within NCR for the change in the both size and nature of economic activities.

-The analysis of banking facilities in NCR shows that districts with low PCI are the districts were banking facilities are not available.the banking sector should focus on expanding networks.

-The three investment regions under the proposed DMIC projects namely manesar-bawl, khushkheda-bhiwani-neemrana , dadri-noida- ghaziabad investment regions. These projects emphasis on expanding the manufacturing and services base and develop as global manufacturing and trading hubs.

transport NCR planning board prepared functional plan on transport- integrated multimodal

transport plan (imtp)

Functional plan was proposed after revising demand and supply of transport infrastructure in NCR

The aim is to improve mobility of both people and goods and fast & efficient movement of transport.

Plan Components:• Regional rapid transit system• New rail lines• Regional mass rapid transit system • Up-gradation of roads• Expressways• Bus-transport system• Bus terminals• Logistic hubs• Integrated freight complexes • Highway facility• Airports

Objectives-To provide efficient and economical transportation system-Provide accessibility to all parts and discourage transit through the core area of NCT-Delhi.

Existing Transport SystemRoad networks- 36,305kmBus fleet- 58,300 busesRail network – more than 1000kmAirport- domestic &international airports

Road network (radial in nature)

Road density

Transport scenario

Volume to Capacity Ratio

Measure of extent of utilization of road capacity .Ideally it should be less than 1Rural-0.5Urban-0.7As per norms

Currently it exceeds the limitRural-0.6Urban- 1.01 to 2.83

Traffic and travel patternOn an average 2,21,575 vehicles travel in and out of ncr per day.Different passenger traffic modes for outer, middle and inner cordons

Rail system Three zonal railways

Northern North western North central625 trains -253 passenger long distance , 176 EMU trains(sub-urban)

Metro rail in ncr• 190km completed• 136km sanctioned and under execution and completion estimated in december

2016• Average daily ridership around 20lakh

Bus transport • Existing number of buses in NCR- 58,346• New sanctioned buses – delhi-1600, faridabad- 150, meerut-150.• Average 132 buses against 1 lakh population

Air transport• 3 perational runways handling capacity of 75 aircrafts.• 3 separate terminals for international , domestic passengers & cargo• 51 international airlines , 60 international destinations.

Further Travel Demand• Estimated population by 2021- 64.14 million• Inter-regional travel to increase from 3.63 million to 13.2 million by 2032• To reduce the dependency on private modes of transport from 56% to 26%

Transport plan of NCR• Extensive regional exressway netwrok extending over a length of 1107km is

proposed.• Existing nhc converging are proposed to be developed as part of regional

arterials .

Development of other networks• Improve inter-state intra-state connectivity• Develop lower hierarchy of roads to connect villages etc• Proposed high occupancy vehicle lanes to be provided along existing

expressways,national highway and other major road.• Bicycles and pedestrian facilities • Build up new roads and traffic safety stratergies• Propose metro rail in regional areas• Regional bpts with intelligent transport system , electronic ticketing and ticket

verification.

Policies and strategies

PowerIt is an important aspect of physical infrastructure that requires advance planning and management The status of power supply in ncr has not fulfilled the demands according to population, trade, industry ,offices etcThere is an shortage of power in northern grid which affects economic productivity .It was proposed in regional plan 2001 for an uninterrupted supply of power. the power supply deficit within the ncr states was 31.1% in NCT ,50% in haryana , 49.6% in rajasthan and 37.7% in UP.

Existing availability and future demand• Projections made by CEA-central electricity authority have revealed the

requirement of huge additional generation of power.• the additional power required in The year 2006-7 is 4,513mw by the end

of year 2020-21 it will be 23,345mw.

• Ncr is non-priority area. At present the power supply is through regional grid system the NREB-norhtern region electricity board gets power through central and state stations and in turn supplies power to states.power authority of states are not giving any priority to NCR. There is no separate power station for ncr which needs to be narrow down to attain economic development.

• Transmission and distribution losses in sub-region are due to • Drawing electricity without legal connection• Illegal direct tapping from the mains• Misuse and theft by industries and unmetered supply• Technical losses.

• Emphasis has to be given to have a sub grid for ncr in the norhtern grid for better load management.

Policies and proposals• In order to meet the demand ,we need to have a new power plants to have share

for ncr under the central sector power project. Central government should take initiatives for getting additional power from the 15% unallocated quota .

• Cea has projected the total power required for the region to be 34,444mw by 2021.

• Load management – modern techniques must be adopted ,the availibilty of the through a control room by generators so that breakdown is minimized.

• Proposed that an islanding scheme for ncr after delhi will be prepared by cea which will be implemented by authority

• Public private partnership- the huge investment required rs93.380 crore fro power generation and rs58000 crore for transmission and distribution till 2021.

• New connections ,upgradation of demand load should be simplified

Plan of action Implementation of policies and proposals in the regional plan dovetailed with the five year plan .certain activities are to be completed in the forst5 yr are:

• Formation of sub group within nreb by the ministry of power to over see the power supply in ncr

• State govt to prepare sectoral plans in the sub regions • To carry out audit for identification for technical and commercial losses to

improve the transmission and distribution system.• Whereas recommendation on load management of augmentation of power • Promotion on non-conventional energy etc involving long term planning

water• Water is a natural resource, fundamental to life and livelihood,

agriculture and sustainable development. NCR is a water scarce region, dependent to a large extent on surface water sources located outside the region.

• The Regional Plan 2021 had proposed the preparation of a blueprint for water resources in the region. Accordingly a Study on Water Supply and its Management in NCR was conducted through Water and Power Consultancy Services India (WAPCOS) Ltd.

• After discussions with the participating State Governments, a draft Functional Plan for Water for NCR based on the Study was prepared, which was recommended for approval of the Board by the Planning Committee of NCR Planning Board in 2011.

Water resources in ncrRainfall Average annual rainfall in NCR generally varies from 500 mm to 850 mm. It is estimated that on an average, NCR receives about 22542 MCM/year of rainfall ;about 75% is received during the monsoon season (July-September). GroundwaterGround water forms a major source of water in NCR. Monsoon and non-monsoon rainfall, irrigation during kharif and rabi season contribute to groundwater resources.1) Efficient Utilization of Canal WatersNCT Delhi is supplied water from Western Yamuna Canal system and Upper Ganga Canal systems.

• Depth of water table

• Lakes and pondsIn addition to the numerous ponds and lakes that exist in all districts of NCR, more prominent ones are Badkal, Damdama & Kotla Lakes in Haryana Sub-region, Najafgarh Jheel on the Delhi-Gurgaon border. Their capacity varies and some are used as sources of drinking water.• Use of Treated Sewage Effluent Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) are available at 19 locations in Delhi, 25 locations in Haryana Sub- Region, 2 in Rajasthan Sub-region and 18 locations in UP Sub-Region in 2011, the combined installed capacity of which is 3349 mld . STPs with additional capacity of 1122 mld are proposed to be constructed in the near future, which implies that 4471 mld treated effluent can be available for re-use. The treated sewage effluent can be used for irrigation, industrial cooling, air conditioning, etc

About 1824 MCM (about 4997 mld) treated sewage is likely to be available by 2021 in NCR assuming that 80% of waste water generated is collected and treated, and all STPs are constructed and maintained properly to meet the requisite standards.

Estimate of Treated Sewage Available for Re-use in NCR by 2021

a) Effective Utilization of Irrigation Water through Irrigation Techniques Flood irrigation techniques consume a large quantity of water, a significant part of which is either lost through evaporation, percolation or drainage. By using micro irrigation and water saving techniques such as drip and sprinkler system we can boost the production of food grains/crops. It is proposed that initially these techniques be adopted in 10% area in Phase-I (upto 2021), and another 10% in Phase-II (2021-31). b) Protection of Flood Plain for Ground Water RechargeA potential source for increasing availability of water to NCR is large scale ground water development in the floodplains of the Yamuna, Ganga and areas along Upper Ganga Canal. This may be done after appropriate technical studies so that critical/ over-exploited blocks are avoided and creating sub-surface storages by recharging the depleted aquifers during monsoon using recharge structures like barrages, check dams and dykes, etc.

Other Issues and Challenges

DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF WATER IN NCR

Demand and supply for water can be broadly classified as i) domestic ii) industrial iii) Agricultural

Existing Status of Water Supply in NCR

a)Domestic water supply Drinking water has been used in successive National Water Policies. Data from Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Govt. of India shows that about 74% of all rural habitations were fully covered, under National Rural Drinking Water Programme in April 2012

b) Status of total water supply• The Functional Plan for Water for NCR estimated the total water supply for

domestic, industrial and agricultural uses for 2005.• Data on industrial water supply was collected from the State Governments/

their state agencies.• Crop water requirements are primarily met by rain water and irrigation water

supplied by canal systems and tube wells. The total water supply in NCR in 2005 for all uses is estimated to be 13779 MCM/ year.

c) Non-revenue water• Non revenue water (NRW) is water that has been produced and is “lost” before

it reaches the customer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks)• NRW is typically measured as the volume of water "lost" as a share of net water

produced. It was estimated in the Functional Plan that non-revenue water (NRW) in the urban areas of NCR varies between 10-55%. d) Existing Status of Wastewater Treatment for Recycling It is estimated that about 70-80% of water supplied find its way into

the sewerage system. As per estimate of Delhi Jal Board, about 40% of waste water generated is being recycled and used.

a) Domestic • Regional Plan 2021 had recommended norms for water supply higher than the

CPHEEO norms.• It is proposed to adopt CPHEEO norms for water supply in urban areas in the

Regional Plan including that for unaccounted for water and fire-fighting demand.

• Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Govt. of India has recommended a norm of 70 lpcd for rural water supply, the same is adopted for Regional Plan for NCR.

Norms for Water Supply for Various Uses

b) Industrial

c) Agriculture/ Irrigation Requirement of water for agriculture varies according to the cultivable area, cropping pattern, cropping season , soil type, etc. Due to this, irrigation water requirement varies between 2-3 cusecs per 1000 acres of agricultural land.

Projected Domestic Water Demand in NCR, 2021

• The population of NCR is expected to reach 617 lakhs by 2021 (with a range of 601-633 lakhs)

• For projecting industrial water demand, details of existing areas under industrial landuse and proposed areas to be developed were taken from Master Plan documents of various towns Using State-specific norms.

Projected Water Demand for 2021

Water tariffs in ncr

• Low tariff rates for water supply do not encourage conservation resulting in wastage of water. Tariff rates in both UP and Rajasthan Sub-regions are very low, i.e. at an average of Rs 10 to Rs. 16 per month.

• Delhi Jal Board has revised tariff structure from 1 January 2012 . The structure consists of four categories of customers: domestic, mixed use category, commercial/ industrial and government institutions/ offices.

• Tariff is chargeable in two parts: a service charge and a volumetric charge.

Policies and proposals

• Norms for Water Supply• CPHEEO norms on water supply should be adopted for all categories of cities/

towns and rural settlements in NCR . • While designing drinking water supply schemes for urban areas, the

requirements of peripheral and enroute rural areas should also be incorporated so that duplication of pipelines and schemes can be avoided.

• Groundwater Recharge and Rainwater Harvesting:• Water harvested should be used for recharging the aquifers through radial

wells or any other suitable techniques. The intake of recharge structures should be connected to the storm water drainpipes.

• This can be implemented through provisions of building bye-laws and Gazette Notifications by concerned State Governments and their agencies.

• Revival of Lakes/Ponds to Store, Flood Water:• Lakes and ponds could be utilized to recharge groundwater. When surface

runoff gets collected in lakes & ponds, groundwater recharge can be increased.

• It is estimated that a standard recharge well will recharge about 0.1 MCM water per year in 100 days.

• Harnessing Unused Floodwater and Protection of Floodplains for Groundwater Recharge:

• Water recharging areas and floodplains should be preserved. • There are several floodplain harvesting techniques such as: basin spreading

technique, stream channel recharge technique, induced recharge through pumping from a surface source into aquifer.

• Construction of Dams & Barrages to Create Impounding Capacity:• The proposal for construction of new large dams namely Renuka, Lakhwar-

Vyasi and Keshau dams for drinking water supply have been declared as National Projects.

• These dams/barrages will also help in maintaining minimum environmental flow in the rivers. The construction of these dams needs to be expedited

• Reuse of Treated Sewage EffluentIt is expected that in future, re-cycling of treated waste water will be a significant method to generate water resources for non-potable uses.It should be made mandatory for greenfield development to be planned with dual piping and other enabling systems so as to use recycled treated sewage effluent.

• Conjunctive use of Saline WaterSaline/brackish ground water that occurs in several districts of NCR could be used for conjunctive use for various purposes after appropriate blending with fresh water wherever feasible.Water from saline aquifer formations will need to be pumped into the canals for this purpose. This will increase the flows in the canal systems and thus improve the canal supplies.

• Water Tariff ReformIt is recommended to rationalize the tariff structure based on telescopic basis, i.e., higher tariff for higher consumption. This will encourage water conservation and increase revenue to meet at least the O&M expenditure for supply of drinking water.

• Mass AwarenessIt is necessary to provide platforms for knowledge sharing on water issues and creative ways of information dissemination to encourage people to adopt water conservation.

• Improvements in Institutional Arrangement: It is proposed that the participating states of NCR should try to converge the multiple agencies to single Sub-regional agency for their respective Sub-region.Coordinate with central and state governments Other measures

•recommended for institutional improvement include:i) Unbundling of water supply systems ii) Introduction of public private partnership where appropriate iii) SPVs for Water Transmission & Treatment iv) Ring-fencing of accounts of water production & supply v) Introduction of accurate bulk metering facilities & 100% consumermeteringvi) Assessment & reduction of NRW losses vii) Introduction of SCADA viii) Improved billing and revenue collection, through private companies.

Plan of action for perspective year 2021

• The total water demand in NCR by 2021 is expected to be 23466 MCM/year . If about 10% of water can be saved by supply management according to seasonal fluctuation in demand, and another ten percent of irrigation water demand can be saved through adoption of improved irrigation techniques, the net water demand by 2021 is estimated to be reduced to about 21320 MCM/year. In order to meet this demand, it is imperative to have a phased Plan of Action so that the implementation of above proposals can be dovetailed with the five-year plans.

• The total water demand in NCR by 2021 is expected to be 23466 MCM/year . If about 10% of water can be saved by supply management according to seasonal fluctuation in demand, and another ten percent of irrigation water demand can be saved through adoption of improved irrigation techniques, the net water demand by 2021 is estimated to be reduced to about 21320 MCM/year.

• Recommendation to Meet Water Demand for 2021 • It is recommended that recharging structures may be considered for

construction by 2021, yielding about 1066 MCM water. It is also recommended that 1875 tube wells could be constructed by 2021 yielding 1450 MCM water.

• Financial Implications • The above proposals to augment drinking water supply in the region are

estimated to have total financial implication of about Rs. 7996 crore.

Implementation & Sources of Funding

• The above proposals & recommendations would have to be implemented by the NCR Participating States/concerned agencies in NCR and would require different time frame for implementation and varying pattern of funding.

• Some activities which need to be implemented in the short term include drinking water supply for individual towns and villages in NCR, recycling of sewage/ waste water treatment for non-drinking purpose and groundwater recharge & recharge structures.

• The States/ implementing agencies would have to carry out detailed technical studies and prepare DPRs of these proposals. Implementation of projects for water supply for individual towns and villages in NCR, recycling of sewage/ waste water treatment for non-drinking purpose and groundwater recharge & recharge structures is also being done under different schemes of Central and State Government .

sewerageBackground

• Sewerage is a core element of the physical infrastructure that determines the environmental status of any settlement. Planning and development of appropriate sewage carriage system with efficient treatment and cost recovery is the key component of urban physical infrastructure.

• Rehabilitation of old sewers, augmentation of existing sewerage system and sewage treatment capacities, adoption of new technologies of waste treatment for higher degree of treatment to facilitate reuse and developing feasible and cost effective treatment for small settlements and rural areas is a huge task.

• To address the problem of lack of sewerage system, a number of actions are immediately needed, such as

• (i) Substantial investment in the construction of sewer network, conveying system and STPs,

• (ii) reuse of effluent• (iii) energy generation in STPs and • (iv) Institutional and financial management reforms to ensure that growth is

environmentally sustainable and inclusive.

existing situation

Coverage of Sewage Network Services • In NCR out of 108 towns only 33 towns have sewerage system and even in

these 33 towns, the coverage can at best be classified as partial. In Uttar Pradesh sub-region only 6 towns are partially covered out of 63 towns, in Haryana sub-region 24 towns are partially covered out of 35 towns, in Rajasthan sub-region 2 towns are partially covered out of 9 towns.

• The population covered with sewer network is only 51% which is 2% less than the percentage of population covered in year 2001

Estimate for Sewage Generation • Sewage generation in 2021 for NCT Delhi has been estimated based on water

supply rate of 202 lpcd (as provided by DJB). • The sewage generation for other sub regions has been estimated at water supply

rate of 180 lpcd for towns with population of more than 10 lakh and at the rate of 135 lpcd for other towns as per CPHEEO norms.Sewage Treatment Capacity

• At present the sewage generation in NCR urban is 4,528 MLD,the sewage treated is 50% of sewage generation.

• The increase in sewage treatment capacity during the decade 2001-11 has been 53% whereas the increase in treated sewage quantity has been much less at 33%. Treated Sewage Quality

• DJB/DPCC monitors the effluent quality of all STPs and in most of the cases the quality is within the acceptable standards. Data on quality of treated sewage of STPs in other sub regions is not available.

Reuse and Recycle • In NCT Delhi, 645 MLD of treated effluent is reported to be used in

Horticulture/Irrigation/Power plant, against present sewage generation of 2996 MLD which works out to be 21%.

• 25-30 % of the treated sewage of the STPs in Faridabad is utilized for irrigation and the balance is discharged into Buria nala, Agra canal

Preparation of Sewerage Master Plans • Regional Plan 2021 recommended preparation of Master Plans for Sewerage

system in all the towns of NCR in order to have integrated Sewerage schemes and to avoid piece meal approach which ultimately increases number of intermediate sewage pumping stations. Out of 108 towns in NCR, only 32 towns have sewerage master plan. In Haryana sub-region

Issues

Sewage Network Services In NCR 75 cities out of 108 total numbers of cities are not covered with sewerage system. The remaining 33 cities also have partial sewerage system. The goal of coverage with 100% Sewerage system of all towns is reiterated not only in the revised Regional Plan 2021, but also in service level delivery benchmark of Ministry of Urban Development.

Imbalances in the Coverage There are imbalances in the coverage of municipal sewerage system in various parts of the cities. Significant portion of the city population particularly living in marginal settlements, unauthorized colonies and urban villages do not have sewerage system.

Rehabilitation & Phasing out Existing Sewer Network & STPs In older parts of cities the sewerage system is old, silted and overloaded, requiring phased replacement or rehabilitation. Development authorities associated with development of new areas in various towns/cities take care of sewerage system in newly developed sectors only. Provision of sewerage system and treatment facilities in the existing areas is considered as the sole responsibility of the local bodies which have neither sufficient financial resources nor appropriate technical staff to provide such facilities. ULBs are generally dependent upon the State Governments

Treatment of Industrial & Hotel Waste Industrial wastes are sometimes not treated and are disposed in public sewers or in streams/drains. This waste is highly concentrated and needs separate and special treatment before disposal in public sewer or in drains.Industrial areas should have common effluent treatment plants. Also, restaurants should discharge their waste water after primary treatment through grease interceptors and larger hotels should have independent sewage treatment facility.

Land Availability for STPs The land for construction of new STPs is a major constraint in all sub-regions and therefore it is imperative to earmark land for STPs in the Master Plans. Availability of Data Data pertaining to network service area, inflow in STPs, treated quantity, influent and effluent characteristics of sewage reuse quantity, expenditures, revenues, cost recovery, collection efficiency, sewer connections etc. are generally not available. It is difficult to evaluate performance of STPs and sewage service and understand gaps. This data is necessary for future planning of sewerage facilities

Policies and Proposals

Preparation of Master Plan for Sewerage System The Master Plan be for atleast 20 year horizon period and must cover the extended boundary of the city as per proposed land use. Plan should address area for onsite sanitation and area for offsite sanitation (sewerage system). It should identify land required for STPs and their locations. The plan should provide rehabilitation of the existing network, STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations; extension of the sewer network, increase in treatment capacity, effluent requirements, disposal system, recycling the treated effluent for irrigation.Network Coverage All towns should be covered such that 100% population is served by sewerage system or by on site sanitation. The implementation of sewerage system in towns should be prioritized based on higher population, less per capita investment, financial sustainability, reuse potential and O&M capacity. Sewage Treatment Capacity & Effluent Quality STPs should be constructed of modular design so that the large capacities do not remain unutilized. Sewage should be treated as per standards laid down by MoEF/CPCB under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 before it is discharged on land for irrigation, plantation, gardening etc. or into the water bodies.

Rehabilitation/Augmentation of Sewerage System and Treatment Facilities

Poor condition of existing sewerage system in townships/cities should be rehabilitated and wherever, sewerage facility in part of town is not available or is not up to the desired level, augmentation schemes, should be taken up. Since treatment facilities in most of the townships are less, emphasis should also be given to provide the same, as per the requirement. Adoption of Energy Efficient Treatment Processes and Energy Generation from Sludge

The wastewater treatment plants with energy efficient mechanized treatment processes including energy generation from sludge digestion or gasification be encouraged. To mitigate the problem of intermittent and unreliable power supply, dedicated power supply from the national grid and standby diesel generator sets to ensure continuous power supply for the STPs be taken up. O&M Embedded Construction Contracts for Operational Sustainability To mitigate O&M capacity of ULBs and ensure operational sustainability, O&M embedded construction contracts combining design, construction and O&M for wastewater treatment plants shall be taken up. This will encourage the contractors to improve quality of construction and provide continuity in system operation.

Septage Management The evacuation of sludge from septic tanks should be institutionalised and its proper disposal should be plan.

Solid waste management

Background Solid Waste Management (SWM) is increasingly becoming an important challenge in towns and cities. Over the years the amount of municipal solid waste generated in cities has been increasing due to rapid growth of urban population, improvements in economic conditions, change in lifestyles and consumption patterns. The amount of per capita generation of solid waste in India is estimated to have increased at a rate of 1% - 1.33 % annually.

Land Disposal Sites yet to be Developed Scientifically Out of the 18 metro & regional centres in NCR, only 16 towns have earmarked sites for landfill in their respective land use plans but the same are yet to be developed on scientific lines. Presently, only one sanitary landfill site at Village Bandhwari (Gurgoan) and a TSDF site at Pali Faridabad is operational. In Delhi, Narela-Bawana is the only scientific engineered sanitary landfill, while other sites are primarily disposal sites.

Lack of Public Awareness and Need for Capacity Building Awareness needs to be created regarding the dangers of unscientific solid waste management e.g health hazards, aesthetic damage and environmental issues. NGOs have taken up pilot projects in NCT-Delhi, Ghaziabad and Gurgoan for creating public awareness on the SWM issues which need to be emulated for wider awareness generation.

Inadequate Resources While allocating resources, SWM gets low priority resulting in inadequate provision of funds, especially with regard to the O & M costs. It is observed that even O & M cost in solid waste management is not recovered fully.

Issues in SWM

Policies and Proposals Preparation of Detailed Solid Waste Management Plan

All the towns in NCR should prepare a Solid Waste Management Plan on the basis of guidelines provided by the CPHEEO Manual for the solid waste management. It would be appropriate that the local bodies plan for the entire city indicating landfill sites in a decentralize manner for reducing the transportation cost and also for reducing carbon footprints.Norms and Standards Norms and standards provided in the CPHEEO Manual for solid waste management in terms of collection, transfer, transport and disposal may be followed by the constituent states while preparing the plans for handling the solid waste. In this regard, the notification of the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 should also be followed.Service Level Benchmark A service level benchmark has been developed and released by the MoUD, which seeks to identify a minimum set of standard performance parameters for the sanitation sector that are commonly understood and used by all stakeholders across the country. Provision in Bye-laws Proper location of sites for SWM in Master plans, Zonal plans and Sub-regional plans should be earmarked and provision for the same may be made in the planning legislation, zoning regulation in building bye –law indicating requirement of area and other provisions for refuse storage.

Drainage Background

• Drainage is an important element of physical infrastructure and constitutes removal and disposal of surplus rain/irrigation water from the land. It has two aspects namely flood protection and removal of storm water. National Capital Region in general, is a part of well integrated drainage system of the Ganga basin.

• Regional Plan-2001 proposed that open drains, which are by and large the sources of nuisance and pollution, should be discouraged and discontinued.

• Major drains should be covered but are generally found open and road side smaller drains are also sometimes found open. Some of the towns have combined system of disposal for sewage and storm wate

• Generally it is not designed as such but by default in absence of sewerage system, the drains actually act as combined system both for sewage and drainage. The disposal of storm water is generally not planned properly and takes natural course on land, depressions, ponds etc. Separate systems for sewage and storm water disposal are recommended in NCR

Policies and Proposals Prevention of Storm Water Drains from Pollution

Measures should be taken to prevent the use of storm water drains for conveying sewage and dumping of solid wastes and sludge in open drains. Enforcement should be done under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Unauthorized development/encroachment/slum dwellings in the drainage system should be prohibited. Irrigation Water Where irrigation canal escapes including the tail escapes outfall into the drains or in the neighbouring ponds, provision for efficient draining of surplus irrigation water by enhancing their capacity should be made while planning for improvement in the integrated Regional Drainage System. Provision of Funds Provision of adequate funds should be made for upgradation and regular maintenance of the drains on the same lines as for the irrigation channels.

Avoid Piecemeal Approach In cities sometimes drains are constructed to drain water from some road/locality without considering final disposal of storm water. This only leads to a shift of the problem. As such first master plan of drain should be prepared and only then drains should be provided so as to integrate with master plan proposals

• The urban drainage system should be designed as per norms and standards stipulated in CPHEEO manual for Sewerage for internal as well as peripheral drains. The likely time of concentration for each case may be worked out and corresponding storm values adopted.

•The rural drainage system may be designed for three days rainfall of five years frequency to be drained in three days. An appropriate area dispersal factor should be adopted for computing the run off.

•The coefficient of run off may be calculated for areas with composite land use pattern on the basis of anticipated land use in the new areas and existing land use pattern for the areas already developed.

• Where it is not possible to work out the run off coefficient due to land use policies not indicated, run off coefficient not less than 0.2 may be adopted for rural areas with flat to moderate slopes and 0.4 for steeper slopes. For urban area, run off coefficient not less than 0.6 may be adopted in absence of adequate details of the areas.

Norms and Standards

telecommunications BACKGROUND• Delhi has a large network of telecom facilities, which is vital for various economic

activities and this has helped in concentration of these activities in Delhi.• Provision of effective and efficient Telecom facilities in the entire NCR holds immense

significance in the context of Regional Plan.• Growth of mobile telephony has been the most visible indicator and catalyst for

economic growth. Most encouraging feature has been the growth in coverage and increase in the number of subscriber in rural areas with low tariffs

• Overall tele-density has increased from 18.31% to 78.66% during the eleventh plan period. Thus, a rapid increase in demand for telephones has been generated in Metro centres, Regional centres and other smaller towns and villages in NCR.

EXSISTING STATUS• Over the last few years, significant improvement has been made in terms of capacity

and technology up gradation to keep pace with the changing trends.• Preference for wireless phones is dominating in this sector which increased from

80.19 per cent in March 2007 to 96.62 per cent in March 2012.• The objective is to transform the country into an empowered and inclusive knowledge

based society using telecommunication as a platform. The Policy also emphasize on providing affordable and quality telecommunication services in rural and remote areas.

ISSUES

Some of the issues emerging from the existing scenario include:i) The Department of Telecommunication (DoT) has expressed inability to

extend the MTNL boundary to entire NCR and also in providing single STD code to the entire region because of administrative and operational reasons.

ii) The goal of providing telephones on demand in the entire region is yet to be achieved. It is because of higher rate of demand than expected and penetration of telecom services up to village level on a large-scale.

iii) Key thrust is to connect all villages with population more than 500 on ‘National Optical Fibre Network’ to realize the vision of Broadband on demand.

iv) Financial support is required to encourage the rollout of mobile broadband on 3G/4G/LTE/BWA spectrum in rural and remote area for broadband expansion

FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS

Major investment in the twelfth five year plan would be required in the area of network expansion in the rural and remote areas, network up-gradation in customer demand cycles, 3G subscriber base, NGN and IPV6, rural telephony, broadband expansion, National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN), coverage of technology, value added services and R&D.

POLICIES AND PROPOSALS

i) The proposal of the 12th five year plan is to increase rural tele-density from the current level of around 39 to 70 by the year 2017 and 100 by the year 2021.

ii) Provide affordable and reliable broadband on demand by the year 2015 and to achieve 175 million broadband connection by the year 2017 and 600 million by the year 2020.

iii) Service providers should be allowed to have a common interlinked system of basic services for the entire NCR treating it as a single telecom circle.

iv) Constituent States should provide land, building and other facilities to the telecom service providers for setting up of telephone exchange, mobile relay towers and other installations. For this purpose States should frame required policies.

v) Provision of high-speed data and multimedia capability using technologies including ISDN to all towns with a population of more than two lakhs.

vi) All the villages in the region should be covered with telecom facilities. Telecommunications services in rural areas should be made more affordable by providing suitable tariff structure and making rural communications mandatory for all fixed service providers.

vii) Integration of the telecommunication service network with power distribution network should be explored wherever it is technically feasible and commercially viable.

shelter BACKGROUNDHousing is a basic necessity and an important component of human settlement planning. Demand and supply gap in housing leads to proliferation of slums and unauthorized development. In NCR, housing for migrants is also a concern as Delhi attracts migrants from all parts of the country in addition to the floating population.A number of public agencies like state housing boards, local bodies, area development authorities, etc. are involved in creating both developed plots and built-up dwelling units. Central government agencies and PSU’s like NBCC, HUDCO etc. have contributed to the creation of housing stock in NCR. Besides, Cooperative Societies and Private Developers have also added to the housing stock.

EXISTING HOUSING SCENARIO IN THE NCRAs per Census 2011, there are 85, 18,128 Households in NCR, while the number of census houses* are 1,23,80,001 indicating that the quantum of census house is more than the households (ratio- ‘1:1.45’), but in reality only 84, 73,134 (i.e. 68.8%) houses are used primarily for residential purpose and the other census houses are being used as shops, offices, schools, colleges, hotels, lodges, guest house, dispensary, workshop, place of worship etc. Of the total census houses, 89.5% are occupied and the remaining 10.5% are vacant as shown in Table 11.1 (fig 11.1). Out of the 110.8 Lakh occupied houses, about 1.8 % houses were found locked at the time of census.

* Note – Census houses are defined as "any permanent structure which on land, serves or would serve for the accommodation of human beings,or of animals, or goods of any description provided always that it could not be struck and removed bodily like a tent or a mud hut".

• NCT Delhi has 37.2 percent of the total census houses in NCR, followed by sub regions of Uttar Pradesh (30%), Haryana (25%) and Rajasthan (8%). The highest number of vacant houses is in NCT-Delhi (11.1%) and the least is in Rajasthan Sub-Region (8.5%).

• In the urban areas of NCR, Rajasthan sub-region has the highest proportion of vacant houses (16.2%), followed by Uttar Pradesh and Haryana where the percentage of vacant houses are 12.9% and 12.5% respectively.

• In the rural areas of NCR, NCT-Delhi has the highest percentage of vacant houses (18.1%), followed by Haryana and Uttar Pradesh where the percentage of vacant houses are 8.6 percent and 7.5 percent respectively.

• It is observed that about 18.6% and 18.7 % of the houses are lying vacant in Gurgaon district and Gautam Budh Nagar district respectively.

Condition of Houses

Qualitative analysis of the housing stocks used for residential purposes in NCR reveals that while 58.9% of these houses are in good condition, 37.9% are in liveable condition and 3.2 % houses are in dilapidated condition.Proportion of Good houses in NCR is more in the urban areas (64.7 %) whereas the proportion of liveable houses (48.0%) is more in rural areas. NCT Delhi has the highest percentage of good quality houses in NCR (66%).The percentage of dilapidated houses is more in rural areas (4.2%) as compared to urban areas (2.6%) in NCR. The quality of housing in NCR is relatively better than India’s average. About 54% houses in Haryana and U.P sub-regions have been classified as good quality housing

Condition of Houses in NCR-2011

Slums

• Economic vibrancy of urban centres offering livelihood opportunities is the chief cause of in migration to the urban areas and migration has played a significant role in accelerated urban growth.

• Migration to the urban areas for livelihood takes place regardless of the inadequacies in the physical infrastructure.

• Planned urbanization has been marred to an extent by the huge demand for basic amenities resulting in deterioration of physical living environment.

• Lack of housing is resulting in increase in the land prices, which forces the urban poor to settle for informal solutions resulting in mushrooming of slums and squatter settlements. Such unauthorized squatter settlements, bereft of basic amenities, are not only overcrowded and unhygienic but also prone to various environmental hazards.

• In India 42.6 million people were living in the slums in 640 cities in 2001, out of which 4.8 percent were in NCT-Delhi. In 2001, 14.6 percent of the total HH’s in Delhi

• Municipal Corporation were living in slums, which is comparatively lesser than other Million plus cities like Greater Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. Only Bangalore (M.C) has lesser slum HH’s population as compared to Delhi (Table 11.2).

• Delhi continues to face the problem of mushrooming growth of Jhuggi-Jhopri (JJ) Clusters on land pockets belonging to various land owning agencies i.e., DDA, MCD, NDMC, Delhi Cantonment Board, Railways, Government Departments, CPWD, L&DO, Departments of Delhi Government and other autonomous organizations. Slum Population in major towns of NCR in 2001 is given in Table 11.3

Table 11.2 Proportion of Slum HHs in Million Plus Cities

Table 11.3 Slum Population in NCR (2001)

C) Uttar Pradesh Sub-Region• Awas and Saheri Niyojan Anubhag-3 has launched a policy to provide

housing for EWS/ LIG segment. The policy has reservation of 10% units each for EWS and LIG section its developers responsibility to provide EWG/ LIG section.

• As per policy if the construction of EWS/ LIG units is not possible within the project area then it can be provided in a close-by location. It is also provided that FAR and ground coverage utilised for EWS/ LIG units can be utilised by the developer in its project over and above the allowed FAR, as an incentive

D) Rajasthan Sub-Region• To address the housing situation of EWS / LIG segments, Government of

Rajasthan has initiated an affordable housing policy with PPP intervention having special focus on EWS/ LIG households to arrest the growth of slums.

• The policy attempts to create adequate housing stock at rates that are affordable to the poorer income groups. The policy also addresses the requirements of transit accommodation for migrants through creation of rental housing.

ISSUES

A) In the NCR, 10 percent of the Census Houses are lying vacant and are not put to productive use, which is relatively higher than the national average of 7.5 percent.

B) Though the absolute number of census housing units exceeds the number of households, still there is significant proportion of squatter families in NCR as these units are beyond the affordability limits of the end user.

C) Fast growing towns like Noida, Greater Noida, and Ghaziabad etc. have witnessed tremendous surge in the real estate activities which has lead to creation of a lot of housing stocks. The Gap between the end user’s affordability and the rising price of dwelling units has been increasing constantly.

D) NCR has 2.92 Lakhs houses in excess to its demand. In the urban areas of NCR there are 6.33 Lakhs houses in excess where as in the rural areas there is a deficit of 3.41 Lakh houses. On release of detailed census 2011 data on number of households, congestion in housing, age of housing it will have to be re-worked out.

HOUSING SCHEMES AND POLICIES

A) Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) Phase – IIB) Rural HousingC) National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy, 2007D) Draft National Slum Policy, 2001

Social Infrastructure BACKGROUND

• The Regional Plan-2021 for the National Capital Region (NCR) specifically recognised the growths stimulating and sustaining role of social infrastructure including education and health infrastructure in the regional development process.

• This sector requires immediate steps to make NCR, outside NCT-Delhi, attractive for people in different regions of the NCR. Such balancing is essential for even growth of the NCR.

• In NCR, CBSE and State Education Boards follow the "10+2+3" pattern of education. In this pattern, 10 years of primary and secondary education is followed by 2 years of higher secondary , and then 3 years of college education for bachelor's degree. Ten years are further divided into 5years of primary education and 3 years of upper primary, followed by 2 years of high school.

EXISTING SCENARIO

• Literacy Rate- According to the Census 2011, the literacy rate in the NCR (80.4 percent) is higher than that of all India average of 74.0 percent. When compared among the Sub-regions, NCT-Delhi (86.3 percent) has the highest literacy rate followed by Haryana (78.2 percent), Uttar Pradesh (77.7 percent) and Rajasthan (71.7 percent) Sub-Regions.

• Education facilities- There are 28,284 schools in NCR out of which, 18,386 (65.0%) Government schools and 9898 (35.0%) private schools.

• Out of the 18386 govt. schools in NCR, 15659 are primary and upper primary schools, where as only 2727 schools are Secondary and Higher Secondary schools.

• The private sector has set up more secondary and higher secondary

schools in NCR as compared to govt agencies. Of the total 9898 private schools in NCR, 6689 are primary and upper primary school whereas 3209 schools are Higher Secondary schools.

• The number of schools located in a particular area is the parameter for determining educational access.

• The population served by one school is the highest in Delhi (3198), Haryana sub-region (1464) and Uttar Pradesh Sub-region (1423). The least population served per school’ ratio is in Rajasthan sub-region (699). Some of the Districts like Faridabad (2726), Gurgaon (1890), Panipat (1988) in Haryana sub-region and Ghaziabad (2155), GB Nagar (1518) in Uttar Pradesh sub-region have the highest population served per school’ in NCR. Districts like Rewari (921) and Alwar (699) have the least population served per school’ ratio.

Share of Schools in NCR

Enrolments in Primary and Secondary Schools- • Elementary education is the foundation of the pyramid of education

system, stemming from provisions enshrined in the Directive Principles of State Policy and the 86th Amendment in the Constitution of India.

• At district level it has been observed that Gross Enrollment Rates (GER) have drastically reduced during 2009 to 2011 in the districts of Faridabad (16.4) and Jhajjar (74.6) of the Haryana Sub Region and Central and North Delhi of NCT Delhi. The other constituent districts of the NCR have either registered a constant or an increasing GER. There has been a decline in the overall Gross Enrolment .Rates.

Heritage and Tourism BACKGROUNd• Tourism plays an important role in promoting faster, sustainable and more

inclusive economic growth. It has better prospects for promoting pro-poor growth than many other sectors.

• The XIIth Five Year Plan has estimated to creation of 78 jobs per million rupees of investment in the travel and tourism as compared to 45 jobs in the manufacturing sector.

• The NCR is endowed with a vast and multilayered history of diverse cultural heritage and natural resources with prospects to develop the Region a globally competitive tourism destination. The Region has ancient cultural sites of international, national, regional, and local significances.

• The natural expanse of the NCR is diverse in terms of vast forest areas; hills and ridges part of Aravalli ranges; rivers, large wetlands; arid hinterlands which are home to large number of flora and fauna. All these tourism resources attract a large number of domestic and international tourists in NCR (Map 13.1).

EXISTING HERITAGE SITES IN NCR

Man-made Heritage- There are 258 centrally protected monuments protected by Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and 20 State protected monuments protected by State Archaeological Departments in the constituent States of NCR . NCT Delhi has the highest number of Centrally protected monuments (166) followed by Haryana Sub-Region (63) and Uttar Pradesh Sub-Region (26). State protected monuments are more in Rajasthan Sub-region. However, there are a larger number of unprotected monuments.

Number of Protected Monuments in various Sub-Regions of NCR

• Natural heritage- There are a large number of Natural heritage sites in the Sub-region, viz. Hastinapur Sanctuary, River Yamuna, Ganga, Wetland, etc.

TOURIST FLOW IN NCR• In 2009, the Delhi Airport received 31.8% of the total 13.71 million

international tourists visiting India. Delhi had the highest number of international tourists visiting NCR. About 42% of the total foreign tourists visited the tourist places in Delhi, 32% in Uttar Pradesh, 23% in Rajasthan and 3% in Haryana. In respect of domestic tourists visiting NCR, Uttar Pradesh (80%) attracted a large share followed by Rajasthan (15%), Haryana (4%) and Delhi (1%).

Percentage of Domestic Tourists visiting NCR States Percentage of Foreign Tourists visiting NCR States (2009)

POLICIES AND PROPOSALS

• Protection of Man-made Heritage Sitesi) The listing of monuments and conservation areas of all the towns/districts in NCR

should be completed on priority basis. Specific requirements for their protection should be highlighted in the said plans and may vary according to their level of significance. A distinction needs to be made between the legally protected buildings and the 'listed' buildings. The 'listed' buildings do not require the same level of scientific protection as the centrally and state protected monuments.

ii) Town and Country Planning Legislations of the constituent States have provisions for the development of "Special Areas". Each State should use this instrument to declare the area around the protected monuments to be special areas and prepare area level plans for an area covering 300 metres around it.

iii) The respective departments of archaeology should indicate where they reasonably expect to find underground ruins, and these areas should be duly identified in the Master Plan for each town and the respective district level plans. Buildings proposed to be constructed in these areas should require a no-objection certificate from the relevant departments of archaeology before the building plans are sanctioned.

iv) In order to implement these policies, if any amendment is required in the Town and Country Planning Act of the constituent States, it should be done.

PROTECTION OF NATURAL HERITAGE SITES

i. All the identified areas of natural heritage should be protected in terms of land use and pollution control in the vicinity to ensure the protection of biodiversity and urban ecosystems. Afforestation with right type of species and control of growth of monoculture should be taken up in hilly areas.ii. Right type of agricultural practices including social forestry, energy plantation and agro-forestry would go a long way to improve the natural environment.iii. The enforcement of the prohibition, directions notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India dated 07.05.1992 should be ensured while taking up developmental activities in the region. A special Conservation Plan for the above notified areas should be prepared by the respective State Governments/Authorities.

Disaster management“a catastrophe,mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.”

Vulnerability atlas of india indicates that the NCR falls within;• High damage Risk zone with regard to earthquake• Very high risk damage risk zone b(v=50m/s) with regard to wind and cyclone

hazard • Areas liable to flood

Vulnerability risk assessments of ncr due to natural hazard needs to be done.

EarthquakeThe seismic vulnerability of built environment of NCR ranges between 6.5 to 6.7 on the Richter scale and is also capable of producing earthquake of magnitude 8.

Seismic Hazard and Risk Microzonation provides:• (a) Probabilistic estimate of earthquake hazard at each microzone on

earthquake shaking• (b) Extent of likely damage to built environment (dwellings, community• structures, lifelines, industrial structures, monuments and heritage structures)

and define damage ratio and people living in structures susceptible to damage,

• (c) Measures for retrofitting of existing structures to render them safe• (d) Specific guidelines for designing and construction of earthquake resistant

structures in different microzones.

Floods• Central water commission observed that only small portion towards the

southeast in delhi is unprotected flood prone area(25sqkm).• The flow and the expected flood levels of yamuna is taken at taje wala

headworks was 130km upstream from where two canals take of.• The two canals have limited capacity, in heavy precipitation of yamuna and

its tributaries , the river downstream comes in spate and flooding the adjoining areas

High windsNcr area falls in very high damage risk zone b (v=50m/s) therefore the structures in the region are at great risk due to the wind load experienced.

FireFast growing cities like delhi loacted in ncr are threatened by fire hazard which maybe attributed to following main reasons :

• Non-implementation of fire safety norms• Encroachment ,overcrowded and haphazard growth• Illegal and loose electric connections• Inadequate special firefighting equipments in high rise buildings• Illegal storage and hazardous commercial activities.

Vulnerability of ncr due to fire hazard should be taken up and adequarte safety provisions be made for future planning of ncr.

Policies and proposals

• There is a need to have proper planning at various levels for disaster preparedness , mitigation and response. Dmc committees maybe formed at sub regional and district level further detailing out the roles and responsibilities.

• Human resource development in an important factor of capacity building For this training programs, workshops, seminars, research activities should be undertaken periodically .

• Efforts need to be made on using state of art technologies .A complete techno legal regime has to be proposed for amending the present building bylaws to include safety aspect from natural hazard point of view .

• The participating state should undertake the vulnurablity and risk assessment of the respective sub regions due to natural hazardsand prepare prevention cum preparedness plan as a part sub regional plan.

Rural developmentAs per census 2011 , the total rural population of ncr is 172.6 lakhs which accounts for 37.5% of the total ncr population.The regional plan 2021 proposed strategy for rural development which envisages provision of facilities and increase the income of rural masses.

The plan proposed six tier hierarchy of settlements out of which 3 are rural settlement system such as service centers ,central villages and basic villages. These settlements would be identified in the sub regional plans and district development plans by the state govt. based on their growth potential,size, connectivity and ability of performing fucntions.

Issues

• District developments plans need to be prepared and aligned with the provisions of the constitutions (74th amendment) act, 1992.

• Govt of india and ncr states having schemes related tot rural development which need to be dovetailed with the regional plan for their implementation.

• the rural settlements which are close to national capitol and metropolitan cities undergoing physical and socio economical changes causing shortage of basic services

• The policies and acts of ncr constituent states have provisions for preparation of master plan but donot have any control on location of urban activities in rural areas.

Policies and Proposals

Service centers and central villages will be identified in the sub regional plans by the state govt.

State govt will prepare the detailed rural development programs and incorporate the same in sub regional and district plans.

State govt may indentify service centers for development in their sub region & financial assistance maybe provided for preparation of plans and implementation.

Strategies for rural development

• Training programs processing of vocal produced , vocational skillups etc, allied agro-economic activities should be approached.

• Financial incentives and loan schemes for starting micro enterprises maybe worked out through district planning

• Providing urban facilities in rural areas such as housing , sanitation , water supply to improve quality of life in rural areas .

• Increasing demand for organic agriculture produce in ncr should be met through cultivating non- conventional crops such as mushrooms, broccoli etc . The state govt should finance and support facilities to the farmers to promote non-conventional farming in ncr .

• Promotion of strategic partnership between govt agency private sector , ngo’s , in the area of marketing , research and growth of rural infrastructure.

• On regular basis relevant information should be provided of on goin programs , market potentials etc.

Regional land useThe ncrpb act,1985 states that the regional plan shall indicate the land in the ncr shall be used by development or by conservation or otherwise

The regional land use plan translates planning policies and proposals into physical forms to illustrate .

Review • Regional plan 2001 policies brought out critical issues of large scale conversion

of fertile land into non-agricultural use and converison of land along transport corridor in cncr.

• In ncr constituent states land use control is exercised within areas around towns through their existing acts

Existing land use analsys NCR Planning Board commissioned a Study on “Creation and Updation of Land use/ cover forreview of Regional Plan-2021” to National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Department of Space,Government of India.

Change of land use in ncr

Change of land use in haryana

Issues

• Conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural use

• Unplanned growth in environmentally sensitive areas such as yamuna river bed.

• Density norms could not be followed in the master plan of ncr towns .

• The regional plan 2021 proposed highway corridor zones along national highways converging to delhi but it has been observed that ribbon urban development is taking place which are not converging to delhi and expressways

Policies and proposals

Policy and proposals for each of the zones are followed :controlled/development zone –it is proposed land use 2021 under intense pressure for this purpose all the areas declared by state govt will be deemed as controlled zones and no development can be undertaken. Within the controlled zones there will be three sub zones which will be undertaken in master plan

Urbanisable area- The city level density norms of urban development plans will be adopted in the regional plan 2021, state govt would elaboratethe details of land use , zoning regulation in sub regional and master plan .Village development plans should be framed new areas maybe indentified, land reserved in the master plan for disposal of waste , utility services etc.

Agricultural zones and green buffers-Agricultural zones within the controlled areas of urban centers in master plans are to be strictly adhered no activities should be permitted other than those defined in regional plan .Green buffers along road networks will have minimum width.

Green buffers provided along transport network and other areas maintain and regulated by state acts while prevailing state acts provide for different widths these acts will be suitably amended to incorpate the width provided in regional plan 2021.

highway corridor zone will be outside the existing controlled areas of towns having minimum width of 500m and it is prepared by the state govt as declared in master plan.

Zoning regulations

4 broad zones have been identified for land use control and activities permited in these zones are:

Controlled zone

• Urbanisable area-the functions and uses in urbanisable area are:• Residential, commercial ,industrial , recreational, open spaces, transport and

communication , offices and heritage areas.

• Agricultural zone-cash crops,poltury farming , milk station, social forestry , non-polluting industries registered as rsi units which is located within half km of the village.

• Bus shelter and railway station , wireless station, green godowns , telephone and electric poles, powerplant etc.

• Natural conservation zones-activities permitted : agriculture and horticulture ,pisiculture, socio forestry, regional recreation activities after clearance from authority.

• Agricultural zones outside control area- activities permissible:• Dairy ,afforestation , educational facilities, training institutions including engg and

medical colleges , health facilities , hospitals ,brick kilns,village markets, rural industry, farm houses and solid waste management facility.

Counter magnet areas

Ncrpb act,1985 in consultation with the state govt concern that any urban area outside ncr having regardsto its location , population and potential for its growth maybe developed as counter magnet area.After the detail study taking into consideration various parameters on linkages , 5 counter magnets were identified :Bareilly in up, gwaliar in mp, hisar in haryana , kota in rajasthan and patiala in punjab in 2001On ncr policy zones and settlement pattern while preparing regional plan 2021 for ncr was of the selection of counter magnet areas from where less than six percent migrants come to nct do not appear to be justified

Review of existing cma

In order to review the status of development activities , regional importance, population, migration , master plan and status report of ncrpb was taken up for the five existing cm areas.

Migration to ncr

The total migration to nct including migration within the state is 23.54 lakh. The migrants in terms of litracy is 70.8 % , sex ratio is 785 females per 1000 males and the work participation rate is 43.21% .

Reason for migration

Employment , business, family movement etc, nct dominates the population trend in the ncr , pupulation in haryana sub region has increased by 3 times, up has increased 2.5 times the least influence to the ncr is from rajasthan region.Analsys of migration dats reveals that 100 districts contribute towards nct delhi .Maximum migration are within 300km of nct delhi this also emphasize the need of providing efficient mass transport system , opportunity with nct delhi offering jobs.

Selection of cm areas

100 top districts short listed on migration to the region nct and ncr districts .These were taken into consideration such as distance, population and locational attributes. Considering various aspects six towns as cma for ncr requiring immeidate developments with respect ot ncr, finally five towns were selected which covers 24 districs and able to tackle migrating people to ncr .the planning committee indentified cma for ncr 2021Ambala in haryuana, bareilly in up,dehradun in uk, hisar in haryana, kanpur in up.It was decided that these areas shall be areas of 120 km of radius around the identified towns as zones for migration and three existing cm , gwaliar , kota, patiala will remain cma and project of these areas were givin low priority .

Policies and proposals

Strengthing of economic base- the success of thses areas depends upon thir capacity to generate economic activities and develop and special economic zones.

Up gradation of physical and social infrastructure- to sustain the economic infrastructure in cma the govt will have to prepare joint projects financially supported by ncrpb .

Strengthening of regional linkages- the linkages with the metropolitan centers need to be strong , railways, roads, highways , communication and it have to put a lot of effort .

Strategy for development of cma

2 strategy is for development of cma

1)Urban development – 120km area as zone of influence for migration was considered . It is proposed that sate govt may notify cma to be developed in and around new township. The major aspects such as landarea , housing, transport, economic development , infrastructure should be considered.

2)Economic development -

Identified sectorsThe cma identified should develop wide range of sectors that can attract investments.the cm areas have potential to spread across , some of the potential sectors are- industrial park, transport hub, knowledge center, food park, production centre . These are taken up for economic base development .

Financing strategy Mix factor are required for a investment climate . State govt need to exploit resources and capabilities available in their states and in the region in close proximity to these cities .

Resource mobilizationEnabling the cma to perform successfully it is necessary that development initiatives are taken up time to time . Initiatives can be sources from various sources such as state and central givt .

Methods to strengthen economic base through location of sez With the increasing competition to attract investments in the regions the strategy of attracting investments has not been successful as investors thus , market mechanism is a basic need for attracting investments and locations and local govt need to take initiatives of investors to invest.

Implementation strategy , management structure &

resource mobilization The economic potential of a region can be leverage through a number of economic , commercial , industrial & services in the region as well as the availability of qualified , educated skilled and mobile population . However the ncrpb act , 1985 while promoting regional economic development has to uphold the federal identity of the constituent states

NCRPB has been given four key functions:a) To prepare a Regional Plan (RP) for NCRb) To assist the states in preparing Sub-Regional Plans (SRP) for NCR constituent areasc) To prepare Functional Plans (FP) for one or more elements of RP such as water,transport, power, etc. depending on regional bearingd) To arrange for and oversee the financing of selected development projectsIt is time to recognize the challenges before the NCRPB now that it has reached a significant milestone inthe implementation of the RP-2021.

The mandate of ncrpb

The mandate is clear on the planning roles for ncr . The implementation strategy falls short in being able to ensure and enforcement of the plan . Interestingly the act specifies that the ncrpb can only coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the regional pla, functional plan, sub regional plan , project plan through participating states and union territories

Outcome of regional plan 2021 during 2007-12One of the yardsticks used in the past to measure the success of the Plan has been to alleviate the migration pressures. In an increasingly globalizing world where cities are competing for the best of resources – physical and human – providing employment opportunities and supporting infrastructurebecome key considerations. Accordingly, this section attempts to assess the performance-to-date throughthe following parameters:a) Population trendsb) Service delivery in NCRc) Service delivery in CMAsd) Project funding

Population trends in ncr

Service delivery in ncr

The electricity coverage in NCR towns has improved significantly over the last decade but the average is below the NCTD levels. It is widely accepted that power supply and its coverage play a crucial role in theeconomic growth of the cities and towns. Without proper coverage and efficient supply of power, cities and towns in NCR cannot perform their role as growth engines and employment generators.

Resource mobilization

the funds available with the NCR Planning Board are from the following sources:i) Grant from the Ministry of Urban Developmentii) Contribution from Delhi Governmentiii) Market borrowings (Taxable and Tax-free bonds)iv) Internal accruals (Interest income)v) Multilateral/bilateral funds

Issues and strategies

Land as resource User charges Private sector Restructuring and reforms

Management structure

Suggestions stated in ncrpb act,1985i) NCRPB’s secretariat needs to be re-structured, strengthened and up graded to discharge its remit asoutlined in this Chapter. Particular attention would need to be given to strengthen the organizationfor more efficient utilization of its funds and providing assistance to participating states inpreparing Plans and projects and securing market capital.ii) More than increasing the manpower strength of NCRPB and state NCR Cells, there is a need toundertake capacity building program for the staff of all these bodies on a large scale to deal with theissues that need to be tackled at both macro and micro levels for balanced regional development.iii) Strengthening of Project Monitoring Cell at NCRPB for formulation of inter-state projects and theirmonitoring. E-governance should be promoted in the designing, implementation and monitoring ofRP/SRP/FP/projects of the Region.iv) Restructuring the NCR Planning & Monitoring Cells at the state level in a manner that facilitatessingle line command and control.

v) States should designate a nodal department to liaise with NCRPB for all matters connected with it.Ideally this department should also be dealing with JnNURM-II matters and other similar missions& schemes.vi) A Standing Committee (SC) of Principal Secretaries of the Departments dealing with Urbandevelopment of the member states should be constituted so that the progress in the implementationof RP-2021 could be monitored and impediments, if any, could be removed. Planning Committeestipulated by the NCRPB can perform the above mentioned role.vii) The performance indicators with respect to the urban services and other infrastructure should beinstitutionalised so that the monitoring of the projects is benchmarked against these indicators.NCRPB should enhance the participatory processes, such that there is buy-in from all stakeholders.Greater effort is required to increase awareness about the Regional Plan amongst the electedrepresentatives of the urban local bodies and citizens of these communities.

Effective implementation

enable effective implementation of the Plan: Setting up an MIS to track and monitor/evaluate the implementation and report the progressperiodically to the Board. Conducting Impact Assessments of projects/development works and undertaking corrective measures, where necessary.

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