Reform= change for the better…

Economically, Politically, Socially and Culturally

Reform Movements

Second Great AwakeningMovement that said people had individual

responsibility rejected predeterminationIdeas spread through revivals –religious

meetings that lasted 4-5 days

MormonismChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day SaintsAdditional book(Book of Mormon)Practiced PolygamyRelocated to Utah(1847)

Religion

Literary MovementEmphasized a simple life and connection

with nature

Believed in civil disobedience – peacefully disobeying or breaking laws

Transcendentalism

Word “Utopia” means perfect place

Stressed self sufficiencyDid NOT last long

Utopian Communities

Prisoners were physically punished

Criminals and mentally ill people were housed together

Public hospitals est. 1845-1852 for mentally ill-Dorthea Dix

Prison reformers stressed rehabilitation penitentiary = place of repentance

Prison Reform/Treatment of the Insane

Methods of Repentance in Prison

Before 1850- one-room schools, physicals punishment and poorly trained teachers were usual

After 1850, each state provided some form of free public elementary schools

Improvements came first in the North East- the south and west lagged behind

Education Reform

Education Reform continue

Razor StrapRulerWhoopings…

Forms of Discipline

Abolition= get rid of slaveryAfter 1830’s, anti-slave movement gets stronger

Underground railroad

….A series of “safe houses” that helped slaves escape from the South to the North

Rebellions begin in the South- caused stricter controls on slaves

Abolitionist Movement

William Lloyd Garrison

•White abolitionist; published the newspaper “The Liberator”

Frederick Douglas – black abolitionist; published newspaper The North Star

Nat Turner - Led an unsuccessful slave revolt and rebellions begin in the South – caused stricter controls on slaves

In Antebellum U.S. women could not:VoteSit on juries

Earned ¼ of what men did for the same job-and their money belonged to their husbands

Cult of Domesticity

“a woman’s place is in the home

Women’s Rights

Temperance Movement

Prohibited drinking of alcohol

1848-Seneca Falls Convention in Seneca Falls, NY

Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments – declared that all men and women are created equal.

Owners hired single women so they could pay them low wages(pg 262)

Women faced poor working conditions and 17 hour days.

The Lowell Mill