reference list - university of the...

16
Reference list 123 Reference list Abd-El-Khalick, F. S., & Akerson, V. L. (2003). Teaching elements of the nature of science: A year-long case study of a fourth grader. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(10), 1025-1049. Abd-El-Khalick, F. S., & Akerson, V. L. (2007). On the role and use of theoryin science education research: A response to Johnson, Sutherland and Sowell. Science Education, 91(1), 187-194. Abell, S. K. (2008). Twenty years later: Does pedagogical content knowledge remain a useful idea? International Journal of Science Education, 30(10), 1405-1416. Abimbola, I. O. (1988). The problem of terminology in the study of student conceptions in science. Science Education, 72(2), 175184. Abimbola, O., & Baba, S. (1996). Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks: The role of teachers as filters. The American Biology Teacher, 58(1), 14-19. Abimbola, O., & Yarroch, W. L. (1993). The problem of terminology in the study of student conceptions in science: A second look. In The Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Misconceptions and Educational Strategies in Science and Mathematics, 1-4 August 1993. Ithaca, New York: Misconceptions Trust.www.mlrg.org/proc3pdfs/Abimbola_Terminology.pdf Abrie, A. L. (2010). Student teachers attitudes towards and willingness to teach evolution in a changing South African environment. Journal of Biological Education, 44(3), 102-107. Aguillard, D. (1999). Evolution in Louisiana public schools: A decade following. The American Biology Teacher, 6(3), 182-188. Alroy, J. (1999). The fossil record of North American mammals: evidence for a paleocene evolutionary radiation. Systematic Biology, 48(1), 107118. Alshamrani, S. M. (2008). Context, accuracy, and level of inclusion of the nature of science concepts in current high school physics textbooks. University of Arkansas: ProQuest Publishing Company. Alters, B., & Alters, S. (2001). Defending evolution: a guide to the creation/evolution controversy. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett. Al-Zahrani, A. (2008). Darwins metaphors revisited: conceptual metaphors, conceptual blends, and idealized cognitive models in the theory of evolution. Metaphor and Symbol, 23(1), 50-82. DOI: 10.1080/10926480701723607 American Association for the Advancement of Science (2013). Atlas of Science Literacy, 1 & 2. Retrieved on the 15 th of September 2014 from http://www.project2061.org/publications/atlas/ American Association of Advancement of Science (1990). Science for all Americans. New York: Oxford University Press. Anfara, V. A., & Mertz, N. T. (2006). Theoretical frameworks in qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Annetta, A., & Dotger, S. (2006). Aligning preservice teacher basic science knowledge with Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium and National Science Teachers Association core content standards. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2(2), 40-58. Apple, M. W. (1979). Ideology and curriculum. London: Routledge. Ausubel, D. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Badenhorst, C. (2005). Research writing: Breaking the barriers. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers Bailey, D. M. (1997). Research for the health professional: A practical guide. Philadelphia: Davis Publishing Company. Bak, N. (2004). Completing your thesis. A practical guide. Cape Town: Van Schaik Publishers. Bak, P., & Sneppen, K. (1993). Panctuated Equilibrium and criticality in a simple model of evolution. Physical Review Letters, 71(24), 4080-4086. Ball, D. L., & Cohen, D. K. (1996). Reform by the book: What is or might be the role of curriculum materials in teacher learning and instructional reform? Educational Researcher, 25(9), 68-74.

Upload: ngodiep

Post on 11-Jun-2018

236 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 123

Reference list

Abd-El-Khalick, F. S., & Akerson, V. L. (2003). Teaching elements of the nature of science: A year-long case

study of a fourth grader. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(10), 1025-1049.

Abd-El-Khalick, F. S., & Akerson, V. L. (2007). On the role and use of “theory” in science education research: A

response to Johnson, Sutherland and Sowell. Science Education, 91(1), 187-194.

Abell, S. K. (2008). Twenty years later: Does pedagogical content knowledge remain a useful idea? International

Journal of Science Education, 30(10), 1405-1416.

Abimbola, I. O. (1988). The problem of terminology in the study of student conceptions in science. Science

Education, 72(2), 175–184.

Abimbola, O., & Baba, S. (1996). Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks: The role of

teachers as filters. The American Biology Teacher, 58(1), 14-19.

Abimbola, O., & Yarroch, W. L. (1993). The problem of terminology in the study of student conceptions in science:

A second look. In The Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Misconceptions and

Educational Strategies in Science and Mathematics, 1-4 August 1993. Ithaca, New York: Misconceptions

Trust.www.mlrg.org/proc3pdfs/Abimbola_Terminology.pdf

Abrie, A. L. (2010). Student teachers attitudes towards and willingness to teach evolution in a changing South

African environment. Journal of Biological Education, 44(3), 102-107.

Aguillard, D. (1999). Evolution in Louisiana public schools: A decade following. The American Biology Teacher,

6(3), 182-188.

Alroy, J. (1999). The fossil record of North American mammals: evidence for a paleocene evolutionary radiation.

Systematic Biology, 48(1), 107–118.

Alshamrani, S. M. (2008). Context, accuracy, and level of inclusion of the nature of science concepts in current

high school physics textbooks. University of Arkansas: ProQuest Publishing Company.

Alters, B., & Alters, S. (2001). Defending evolution: a guide to the creation/evolution controversy. Sudbury: Jones

and Bartlett.

Al-Zahrani, A. (2008). Darwins metaphors revisited: conceptual metaphors, conceptual blends, and idealized

cognitive models in the theory of evolution. Metaphor and Symbol, 23(1), 50-82. DOI:

10.1080/10926480701723607

American Association for the Advancement of Science (2013). Atlas of Science Literacy, 1 & 2. Retrieved on the

15th

of September 2014 from http://www.project2061.org/publications/atlas/

American Association of Advancement of Science (1990). Science for all Americans. New York: Oxford University

Press.

Anfara, V. A., & Mertz, N. T. (2006). Theoretical frameworks in qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Annetta, A., & Dotger, S. (2006). Aligning preservice teacher basic science knowledge with Interstate New

Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium and National Science Teachers Association core content

standards. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2(2), 40-58.

Apple, M. W. (1979). Ideology and curriculum. London: Routledge.

Ausubel, D. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Badenhorst, C. (2005). Research writing: Breaking the barriers. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers

Bailey, D. M. (1997). Research for the health professional: A practical guide. Philadelphia: Davis Publishing

Company.

Bak, N. (2004). Completing your thesis. A practical guide. Cape Town: Van Schaik Publishers.

Bak, P., & Sneppen, K. (1993). Panctuated Equilibrium and criticality in a simple model of evolution. Physical

Review Letters, 71(24), 4080-4086.

Ball, D. L., & Cohen, D. K. (1996). Reform by the book: What is or might be the role of curriculum materials in

teacher learning and instructional reform? Educational Researcher, 25(9), 68-74.

Page 2: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 124

Ball, L., & Feiman-Nemser, S. (1988). Using textbooks and teachers guides: A dilemma for beginning teachers

and teacher educators. Curriculum Inquiry, 18(4), 401-423. DOI: 10.2307/1179386

Ball, D., & McDiarmid, G. (1990). The subject matter preparation of teachers. In M. H. Houston, & W. Sikula

(Eds.), Handbook of Research on Teacher Education. New York: Macmillan.

Barrass, R. (1979). Vocabulary for introductory courses in biology: necessary, unnecessary and misleading terms.

Journal of Biological Education, 11(30), 179-191.

Barrass, R. (1984). Some misconceptions and misunderstandings perpetuated by teachers and textbooks.

Journal of Biological Education, 18(3), 201- 206.

Beardsley, P. (2004). Middle school students learning in evolution: are current standards available? The American

Biology Teacher, 66, 604-612.

Berger, M. (2006). The clash of cultures in the classroom and in the teaching of evolution. South African Journal

of Science, 102(3&4), 90.

Berry, A., Loughran, J., & van Driel, J. H. (2008). Revisiting the roots of pedagogical content knowledge.

International Journal of Science Education, 30(10), 1271-1279.

Bertram, C. (2009) Procedural and substantive knowledge: Some implications of an outcomes based history curriculum in South Africa. Southern African Review of Education, 15(1): 45 62.

Bettis, P.J., & Mills, M. (2006). Liminality and a changing academic landscape. In V. Anfara, & M. Metz (Eds.),

Theoretical frameworks in qualitative research (pp. 59-71). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage

Publications.

Bishop, B. A., & Anderson, W. (1986). Evolution by natural selection: A teaching module. The Institute of Research

in Teaching. Occasional paper, 91. Accessed on the 1st of November 2008 from

http://education.msu.edu/irt/PDFs/OccasionalPapers/op091.pdf

Bishop, B. A., & Anderson, C. W. (1990). Students conceptions of natural selection and its role in evolution.

Educational Research and Improvement, 165, 1-22.

Bishop, B. A., & Anderson, C. W. (2006). Student conception of natural selection and its role in evolution. Journal

of Research in Science Teaching, 27(5), 415-427.

Bizzo, N. (1994). From down house landlord to Brazilian high school students. What has happened to

evolutionary knowledge along the way? Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31(5), 537-536.

Black, M. (1979). More about metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought. Cambridge, England:

Cambridge University Press.

Blank, R. (1996). How are state curriculum frameworks in science changing across the states? National

Association of Secondary School Principals Bulletin, 80(577), 16–23.

Bodner, G., & Orgill, M. (2007). Theoretical frameworks for research in chemistry/science education. New York:

Pearson Prentice Hall.

Bogdan, R. C., & Biklin S. K. (1998). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods.

Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Borgatti, P. S. (1996). Elements of Research: Theoretical framework. Retrieved on the 9th of October 2015 from

http://www.analytictech.com/mb313/elements.htm.

Bowler, P. J. (1992). The eclipse of Darwinism: Anti-Darwinian evolution theories in the decades around 1900.

New Jersy: John Hopkins University Press.

Boyes, E., Chamber, W., & Stanisstreet, M. (1995). Trainee primary teachers ideas about the ozone layer.

Environmental Educational Research, 1(2), 133-145.

Buchmann, M. (1982).The flight away from content in teacher education and teaching. Journal of Curriculum

Studies, 38(11), 1-17.

Braterman, P., & Holbrook, J. (2009). Putting Darwin in his place: The need to watch our language. The American

Biology Teacher, 71(2), 84-88.

Page 3: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 125

Brem, S., Ranney, M., & Schindel, J. (2003). Perceived consequences of evolution: College students perceive

negative personal and social impact in evolutionary theory. Science Education, 87(2), 181-206, DOI:

101002/sec10105.

Brice, W. R. (1982). Bishop Ussher, John Lightfoot and the age of creation. Journal of Geological Education,

30(5), 18–24.

Brooks, D. (2011). The major metaphors of evolution: Visualising the extended synthesis. Evolution: Education

and Outreach, 4(3), 446-452.

Brumby, M. (1984). Misconceptions about the concept of natural selection by medical biology students. Science

Education, 68(4), 493-503.

Bruner, J. S. (1977). The process of education. London: Harvard University Press.

Burke, K. (1969). A grammar of motives. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

Burkhardt, R. (1995). The spirit of systems: Lamarck and evolutionary biology. Illinois: Harvard University Press.

Burns, R. B. (1997). Introduction to research methods. Australia: Longman.

Burnside, R. (2000). Towards best practice for design of electronic data capture instruments. Methodology

Advisory Committee paper, November 2000 meeting, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Canberra,

Australia.

Burr, V. (1995). An introduction to social constructivism. London: Routledge California: Sage.

Caliendo, S. M., & Kyle, W. C. (1996). Establishing the theoretical framework. Journal of Research in Science

Teaching, 33(3), 183-217.

Cambridge Dictionaries online (2015). Retrieved on the 10th

of September from

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/successfull.

Campbell, N., Reece, J., Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S., & Jackson, R. (2008). Biology. (8th

Edition). The New

York: Pearson Education

Cann, R.L., Stoneking, M., & Wilson, A. C. (1987). Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. Nature, 325, 32-36.

DOI: 10.1038/325031a0

Carlson J., & Gess-Newsome, J. (2013). The PCK summit consensus model and definition of pedagogical content

knowledge. The Symposium Reports from the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Summit, 2013.

Carroll, S., & Boyd, C. (1992). Host race radiation in the soapberry bug: Natural history with history. Evolution,

46(4), 1052-1069.

Carvalho, A. A., Lustigova, Z., & Lustig, F. (2009). Integrating new technologies into blended learning

environments. In E. Stacey, & P. Gerbic (Eds.), Effective blended learning practices: Evidence-based

perspectives in integrated computer technology-facilitated education (pp. 79-103). Chicago: Hershey,

Publishing Associates.

Carvalho, G. S. (2009). Addictive substances: textbook approaches from 16 countries. Journal of Biological

Education, 44(1), 26-30.

Catley, M., & Novick, R. (2008). An analysis of evolutionary diagrams in biology textbooks. Biological Science,

58(10), 976-987.

Chabalengula, M., Mumba, F., Lorsbach, T., & Moore, C. (2008). Curriculum and instructional validity of the

scientific literacy themes covered in Zambian high school biology curriculum. International Journal of

Environmental and Science Education, 3(4), 207-220.

Chen, L., DeVries, A., & Cheng, C. (1997). Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in

antarctic notothenioid fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of

America, 94(8), 3811–3816.

Chenail, R. J. (2011). Ten steps for conceptualizing and conducting qualitative research studies in a pragmatically

curious manner. The Qualitative Report, 16(6), 1713-1730.

Chicago Style Citation (2015). Charles Darwin. BrainyQuote.com, Retrieved on the 5 of January 2015. From:

http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/c/charlesdar108972.html.

Page 4: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 126

Chisholm, L. (2002). Religion, science and evolution in South Africa: The politics and construction of the Revised

National Curriculum Statement for Schools (R-9). In W. James, & L. Wilson (Eds.), The architect and the

scaffold: evolution and education in South Africa (pp 51-59). Cape Town: Human Sciences Research

Council Press.

Chisholm, L. (2005). The making of South Africas national curriculum statement. Journal of Curriculum Studies,

37(2), 193-208.

Cho, H., Kahle, J., & Nordland, F. (1985). An investigation of high school biology textbooks as sources of

misconceptions and difficulties in genetics and some suggestions in teaching genetics. Science

Education, 69(5), 707-771.

Cody, R., & Lee, C. (1990). Behaviours, beliefs and intentions in skin cancer prevention. Journal of Behavioural

Medicine, 13(4), 373-389.

Collins English dictionary (2015). Retrieved on the 6th

of October 2015 from:

http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/pressure

Cook, D., & Ralston, J. (2003). Sharpening the focus: methodological issues in analysing online conferences.

Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 12(3), 361–376. DOI: 10.1080/14759390300200164

Cook, T., & Campbell, D. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: design and analysis issues for field settings. Houghton

Mifflin: Boston.

Cooper, B. (1997). On explaining change in school subjects. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 4(3), 207-

222.

Costa, J. T. (2003). Teaching Darwin with Darwin. Bioscience, 53 (11), 1030-1031.

Cotner, S. H., Brooks, C., & Moore, R. (2014). Science and society: Evolution and student voting patterns.

National Centre for Science Education, 34(6), 1-11.

Cameron, L. (2002). Metaphors in educational discourse. London: MPG Books Limited

Cracraft, J., &. Bybee, R. (2005). Evolutionary science and society: saving lives and promoting prosperity.

Proceedings of the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, American Institute of Biological Sciences

Symposium. November 2004. National Association for Biology Teachers Convention, Chicago. pp. 1-

202.

Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Thousand

Oaks: Sage Publications

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative

research. New York: Pearson Education.

Creswell, J., & Dana, L. (2010). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124-130.

DOI: 10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2

Crews, D., & Gore, A. C. (2012). Epigenetic synthesis: a need for a new paradigm for evolution in a contaminated

world. 1000 Biology Reports, 4(18), 1-6.

Dahleen, L., Okubara, P., & Blechl, A. (2001). Transgenic approaches to combat fusarium head blight in wheat

and barley. Crop Science, 41(3), 628-637.

Dalrymple, G. (1991). So how old is the Earth anyway? Natural Centre for Science Education Reports, 11(4), 11.

de Vaus, D. A. (2005). Research design in social research. London: Sage Publications.

De Vos, A. S. (1998). Conceptualisation and operalisation. In De Vos, A. S. (Ed.), Research at grassroots. A

primer for the caring professions. Pretoria: Van. Schaik Publishers.

De Wever, T., Schellens, M., Valcke, H., & Van Keer, H. (2006). Content analysis schemes to analyse transcripts

of online asynchronous discussion groups: A review. Computers and Education, 46(1), 6–28.

Deadline over National Council of Educational Research and Training rectifies 8 errors in biology textbooks for

classes XI, XII (2014). Indian Express. Retrieved on the 20th

of June 2015 from

http://0search.proquest.com.innopac.wits.ac.za/docview/1546419731?

Page 5: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 127

Deadman, J., & Kelly, P. (1978). What do secondary school boys understand about evolution and hereditary

before they are taught the topic? Journal of Biological Education, 12(1), 7-15.

DOI:10.1080/00219266.1978.9654169

Decker, T., Summers, G., & Barrow, L. (2007). The treatment of geological time and the history of life on Earth in

high school biology textbooks. The American Biology Teacher, 69(7), 401-405

Delgato, M. (2009). Considerations of multicultural science and curriculum reform: A content analysis of state-

adopted biology textbooks in Florida. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertations and Theses. Florida: The

ProQuest, Graduate Thesis Publications.

Demastes, S., Settlage, J., & Good, R. (1995). Student conceptions of natural selection and its role in evolution:

cases of replication and comparison. Science Education, 79(6), 637-666. DOI: 10.1002/sce.3730790605

Dempster, E.R., & Hugo, W. (2006). Introducing the concept of evolution into South African schools. South

African Journal of Science, 102(3 & 4), 106-112.

Deniz, H., & Donelly, L. (2008). Exploring factors related to the acceptance of evolutionary theory amongst

Turkish pre-service biology teachers: toward a more informative conceptual ecology for biology

evolution. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(4), 420-443.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage

Publications.

Department of Basic education (1997). Policy Document. Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.

Department of Basic Education (2002). Revised National Curriculum Statement Grades R-9. Pretoria: Department

of Basic Education.

Department of Basic Education (2005). National curriculum statement Grades 10-12 (general). Learning

Programme Guidelines for Life Sciences. Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.

Department of Basic Education (2007). Content Framework for Life Sciences Grades 10 to 12. Pretoria:

Department of Basic Education.

Department of Basic education (2008). National Curriculum Statement Grades 10-12 (General) Learning

Programme Guidelines Life Sciences. Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.

Department of Basic Education (2010). Curriculum News: Improving the quality of learning and teaching.

Strengthening curriculum implementation from 2010 and beyond. Pretoria: Department of Basic

Education.

Department of Basic Education National Textbook catalogue (n.d) [a]. Retrieved on the 16 of April 2014 from

http://www.thutong.doe.gov.za/

Department of Basic Education (n.d) [b]. Evaluation form for Grade 12 learning and teaching support materials.

(Supplied by one of the publishers whose books were rejected).

Department of Basic Education (2010). Curriculum News: Improving the quality of learning and teaching.

Strengthening curriculum implementation from 2010 and beyond. Pretoria: Department of Basic

Education.

Department of Education (2011). Curriculum and Assessment policy Statement Grades 10 to 12 Life Sciences.

Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.

Devetak, I., & Vogrine, J. (2013). The criteria for evaluating the quality of the science textbooks. In M. S. Kine

(Ed.), Critical analysis of science textbooks. Perth, Australia: Springer science.

Diamond, J., & Evans. E. M. (2007). Museums teach evolution. Evolution, 61(6): 1500–1506.

DiGiuseppe, M. (2013). Representing the nature of science in a science textbook: Exploring author–editor–

publisher interactions. International Journal of Science Education, 36(7), 1061-1082.

Dingwall, R. (2008). The ethical case against ethical regulation in humanities and social science research.

Twenty-First Century Society, 3(1), 1–12.

diSessa, A. (1993). Towards an epistemology of physics. Cognition and Instruction, 10(2&3), 105-225.

Dobzhansky, T. (1973). Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The American Biology

Teacher, 35(3), 125-9.

Page 6: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 128

Douglas, G., & Altman, D. (2002). Poor quality medical research. What can journals do? American Medical

Association, 287(21), 2765-2767.

Dreyer, J., & Loubser, C. (2005). Curriculum development, teaching and learning for the environment. In C.

Loubser (Ed.), Environmental Education: Some South African Perspectives. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

Eaton, F., Anderson, W., & Smith, L. (1984). Students misconceptions interfere with science learning: Case

studies of fifth-grade students. The Elementary School Journal, 84(4), 365-379.

Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107-

115. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.

Emereole, H. (2007). Comprehensive evaluation of science textbooks: An 8-point model. Proceedings of the 15th

Annual Conference of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics, Science, and

Technology Education. 09-12 January 2007. Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique. pp.

355-370.

Engel-Clough, E., & Wood-Robinson, C. (1985). How secondary students interpret instances of biological

adaptation. Journal of Biological Education, 19(2), 125-130.

Evans, M., Spiegel, A., Gram, W., Frazier, B., & Diamond, J. (2006). A conceptual guide to museum visitors

understanding of evolution. In Annual Meeting of the American Education Research Association: San

Francisco.

Ewald, P. W. (1994). Evolution of infectious diseases. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fahy, P., Crawford, G., & Ally, M. (2001). Patterns of interaction in a computer conference transcript. International

Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 2(1), 1-24.

Faith, D. (1992). Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity. Biological Conservation, 61, 1–10.

Fetterman, D. M. (1989). Ethnography: step by step. Newbury Park, California: Sage.

Findley, A.M., Lindsey, S.J., & Watts, S. (2001). The impact of religious belief on learning in the science

classroom. Retrieved on the 12 of June, 2015 from: http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED460017

Flammer, L. (2006). The evolution solution: Teaching evolution without conflict. The American Biology Teacher:

Online publication, 1-17. Retrieved on the 17th

of June from http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/evo.sol.pdf

Fleminger, D. (2008). The Cradle of Humankind. South Africa: 30° South Publishers.

Fossils-facts and finds.com (2013). Retrieved on the 14th

of April 2014 from http://www.fossils-facts-and-

finds.com/

Fraenkel, J., & Wallen, N. (1993). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York; McGraw

Hill.

Fraenkel, J., Wallen N., & Hyun, H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York:

McGraw Hill.

Freeman, S., &. Herron, J. C. (2007). Evolutionary analysis. London: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Freyberg, P., & Osborne, R. (1985). Assumptions about teaching and learning. In R. Osborne, & P. Freyberg

(Eds.), Learning in science: The implications of childrens science (pp. 82-90). Auckland: Heinemann.

Futuyma, D. J. (2009). Evolution. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Publishers

Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (1996). Educational research: An introduction. White Plains, New York:

Longman.

Gallaudet University (2014), Assessment of student learning. Retrieved on the 21th of November 2014 from:

https://www.gallaudet.edu/office-of-academic-quality/assessment-office/assessment-of-student-learning-

outcomes/the-hows-and-examples/findings-summarize-data.html

Garritz, A. (2013). Pedagogical Content Knowledge for dummies. Educación Química, 24(2), 462-465.

Geraedts, C., & Boersma, K. (2006). Reinventing natural selection. Journal of Science Education, 28(8), 843-870.

DOI: 0.1080/09500690500404722.

Page 7: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 129

Gevers, W. (2002). The architect and the scaffold: evolution and education in South Africa. In W, James, & L.

Wilson (Eds.), Comment and response to science, evolution and schooling in South Africa. Cape Town:

Human Sciences Research Council Press and New Africa Education.

Gibson, J. (1996). Textbook misconceptions: The climax concept of succession. The American Biology Teacher,

58(3), 135-140.

Glassick, C. E., Huber, M. T., & Maeroff, G. I. (1997). Scholarship assessed: Evaluation of the professoriate. San

Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Goodlad, J. I., Klein, M. F., & Tye, K. (1979). The Domains of Curriculum and their study. In J. I. Goodlad and

Associates (Eds.), Curriculum inquiry: The Study of Curriculum practice (pp. 43-76). New York: McGraw-

Hill.

Gottschalk, L. A. (1995). Content analysis of verbal behaviour: New findings and clinical applications. Hillside:

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gould, C. D. (2010). The readability of school biology textbooks. Journal of Biological Education, 11(4), 248-252.

Gregory, T. R. (2009). Understanding natural selection: essential concepts and common misconceptions.

Evolution Education Outreach, 2(2), 156-175. DOI 10.1007/s12052-009-0128-1

Grossman, P. L. (1990). The making of a teacher: Teacher knowledge and teacher education. New York: Teacher

College Press.

Gunawardena, C. N., Lowe, C. A., & Anderson, T. (1997). Analysis of a global online debate and the development

of an interaction analysis model for examining social construction of knowledge in computer

conferencing. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17(4), 397–431. DOI: 10.2190/7MQV-X9UJ-

C7Q3-NRAG

Hallden, O. (1988). The evolution of species: Pupil perspectives and school perspectives. International Journal of

Science Education, 10(5), 541-542. DOI: 10.1080/0950069880100507.

Hamza, K. M., & Wickman, P.O. (2007). Describing and analysing learning in action: An empirical study of the

importance of science in learning. Science Education, 9(1), 142-164.

Hatch, J. A. (2002). Doing qualitative research in educational settings. Albany: Sunny Press.

Henri, F. (1992). Computer conferencing and content analysis. In A. R. Kaye (Ed.), Collaborative learning through

computer conferencing (pp. 117–136). London: Springer-Verlag.

Hill, A., & Spittlehouse, C. (2009). Critical appraisal of research evidence. Oxford: Hayward Medical

Communications. Retrieved on the 20th of November 2015 from:

http://ophla.ca/pdf/CriticalAppraisalResearchEvidenceApril2014.pdf

Hodgson, J. (2000). GMO roundup, nature. Biotechnology, 18(January 2000), 7. DOI: 10.1038/71976.

Holbrook, J., & Rannikmae, M. (2009). The meaning of scientific literacy. International Journal of Environmental

and Science Education, 4(3), 275-288.

Holtman, L. (2008). The teaching of evolution in South African schools: challenges and opportunities. Biology

International, 47(January 2010), 102-108.

Human Sciences Research Council (2002). The Architect and the scaffold: evolution and education in South

Africa. South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council Publishers.

Hutchinson, T., & Torres, E. (1994). The textbook as agent of change. English Language Teaching, 48(4), 319-

325.

James, W., & Craig, E. (2000). The Creation Controversy and the Science Classroom. Arlington: National Science

and Technology Association Press. Retrieved on the 20th

of April from

http://wits.worldcat.org/title/creation-controversy-the-science-classroom/oclc/319492732

Jasanoff, S., Markle, G. Petersen, J., & Pinch, T. (1995). Handbook of science and technology studies. Sage

Publications: Thousand Oaks, California.

Jeffrey, C. (2003). Artificial selection: A powerful tool for ecologists. Ecology, 84(7), 1650-1660.

Jensen, J. (1990). Changing curriculum: studies on outcomes-based education in South Africa. Kenwyn: Juta and

Company Limited.

Page 8: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 130

Jensen, J. (1999). The school curriculum since apartheid: intersections of politics and policy in the South African

transition. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 31(1), 57-67. DOI: 10.1080/002202799183296

Jensen, J. (2001). Image in teachers: Policy images and teacher identity in the South African class room. South

African Journal of Education, 21(4), 242-246.

Jensen, M., & Finley, F. (1995). Teaching evolution using historical arguments in a conceptual change strategy.

Science Education, 79(2), 147-166. DOI: 10.1002/ (sci) 1098-2736(199610)33:8.

Jimènez‐Aleixandrè, P. M. (1994). Teaching evolution and natural selection: A Look at textbooks and teachers.

Journal of Research in Science Teachng, 31(5), 519-535. DOI: 10.1002/tea.3660310507

Jimènez-Alexandrè, M. P., & Fermandez-Perez, J. (1987). Selection or adjustment? Explanations of university

biology students for natural selection problems. In Novak, J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the second

international seminar on Misconceptions and Educational strategies in science and mathematics, (pp.

224-232). Ithaca: Department of Education, Cornell University.

Jing-Jing, H. (2014). A critical review of pedagogical content knowledge components: nature, principle and trend.

International Journal of Education and Research, 2(4), 411-424.

Johnson, B., & Onwuegbuzie, J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come.

Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. Retrieved on the 8th

of December from: http://www.jstor.

org/stable/3700093.

Johnson, C. (2005). Animals in translation. New York: Scribner.

Johnson, J. G. (1982). Occurrence of phyletic gradualism and punctuated equilibria through geologic time.

Journal of Paleontology, 56(6), 1329-1331.

Johnson, K., Dempster, E., & Hugo, W. (2011). Exploring the recontextualisation of biology in the South African

Life Sciences curriculum, 1996–2009. Journal of Education, 52, 27-58.

Johnson, K., Dempster, E., & Hugo, W. (2015). Exploring the recontextualisation of biology in the CAPS for Life

Sciences. Journal of Education, 60, 101-121.

Jungwirth, E. (1975). The problem of teleology in biology as a problem of biology teacher education. Journal of

Biological Education, 9(6), 243-246. DOI:10.1080/00219266.1975.965403

Jungwirth, E. (1977). Should natural phenomenon be described teleologically or anthropomorphically? – A

science educators view. Journal of Biological Education, 11(3), 191-196.

Kagan, T. (2011). Learners ideas about evolution, and the factors affecting the conception of such ideas in a

religious Jewish school. Research report submitted for the Faculty of Science, University of the

Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of BSc (Honours).

Kampourakis, K., & Zogza, V. (2005). Students: Intuitive explanation of the causes of homologies and

adaptations. Science Education, 17(1), 27-47. DOI: 10.1007/still91-007-9075-9.

Kampourakis, K., & Zogza, V. (2007). Students preconceptions of evolution: how accurate is the characterisation

as Lamarckian when considering the history of evolutionary thought? Science Education, 16(3), 393-422.

Kang, N., Kara, A., Laskey, H. A., & Seaton, F. B. (1993). A SAS Macro for calculating inter-coder agreement in

content analysis. Journal of Advertising, 22(2), 17-28.

Keane, M., & Malcolm, C. (2003). Relevant science: but relevant to what? Laboratory Talk, 47(2), 36-38.

King, H. (2010). An analysis of misconceptions in science textbooks: Earth science in England and Wales.

International Journal of Science Education, 32(5), 565–601.

Köse, Ö. E. (2010). Biology students and teachers religious beliefs and attitudes towards theory of evolution.

Hacettepe Üniversity Journal of Education, 38(168), 189-200.

Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. London: Sage Publishers.

Latham, L.G., & Scully, E. P. (2008). Critters! A realistic simulation for teaching evolutionary biology. The

American Biology Teacher, 70(1), 30-33.

Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1990). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Page 9: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 131

Lawrence, S., & Sanders, M. (2011). A cross-sectional study of Life Sciences students misconceptions about

evolution, across three grades. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the South African

Association for Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education.16-19 January 2012.

Lilongwe, Malawi.

Lawson, A., & Weser, J. (1990). The rejection of non-scientific beliefs about life: Effects of instruction and

reasoning skills. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(6), 589-606.

Le Compte, M., & Preissle, J. (1993). Enthography and qualitative design in educational research. London:

Academica

Leatherdale, W. H. (1974). The role of analogy, model, and metaphor in science. California: American Elsevier

Publishing Company

Lederman, N. G. (1992). Students and teachers conceptions of the nature of science: A review of the research.

Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 29(4), 331-359.

Lederman, R. P. (1991). Content analysis: reliability and validity. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing,

16(4), 199.

Leeds, J. (1992). The course syllabus as seen by the undergraduate student. Paper presented at the Annual

Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

Leedy, P. (1985). Practical research: Planning and design. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Leedy, P. (1989). Practical research planning and design. London: Collier Macmillan Publishers.

Le Grange, L. (2007). Integrating western and indigenous knowledge systems: The basis for effective science

education in South Africa? International Review of Education, 53(5-6), 577-591.

Leshem, S., & Trafford, V. (2007). Overlooking the conceptual framework. Innovation in Education and Teaching

International, 44(1), 93-105.

Letsoalo, M. B. (1996). Improving text for English second language biology pupils. Journal of Biological

Education, 30(3), 184-188.

Lever, J. (2002). Science, evolution and schooling in South Africa. In W. James, & Wilson, L. (Eds.), The architect

and the scaffold: Evolution and education in South Africa. Cape Town: Human Sciences Research

Council Press.

Lewin, M. K. (2000). Mapping science education policy in developing countries. Washington, DC: The world Bank.

Linhart, Y. B. (1997). The teaching of evolution: We need to do better. Biological Science, 47(6), 385-391.

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, California: Sage.

LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (1998). Research: Methods, critical appraisal and utilisation. St Louis: Mosby.

Lombard, M., Snyder-Duch, J., & Bracken, C. C. (2002). Content analysis in mass communication: assessment

and reporting of inter-coder reliability. Human Communication Research, 28(4), 587–604.

Longbottom, J., & Butler, P. (1999). Why teach science? Setting rational goals for science education. Science

Education, 83(4), 473-492. DOI: 10.1002/ (SICI) 1098-237X (199907)83:4<473: AID-SCE5>3.0.CO;2-Z

Losos, B. J. (2013). Evolutionary biology for the 21st century. Pressure Biological Science, 11(1) , 1371-1375.

Losos, J. B., Arnold, S. J., Bejerano, G., Brodie, E.D., & Soltis, S. (2013). Evolutionary biology for the 21st

century. Public Library of Science, 11(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001466

Loughran, J., Mulhall, P., & Berry, A. (2006). Developing science teachers pedagogical content knowledge. The

Netherlands: Sense Publishers.

Loughran, J., Mulhall, P., & Berry, A. (2008). Exploring pedagogical content knowledge in science teacher

education. International Journal of Science Education, 30(10), 1301-1320.

MacDowell, K., & Nappo, C. (2012). Evolution in childrens science books: recommendations and library

collections, 1863-1956. Baltmore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Magnusson, S., Krajcik, L., & Borko, H. (1999). Nature, sources and development of pedagogical content

knowledge. In J. Gess-Newsome (Ed.), Examining pedagogical content knowledge (pp. 95-132).

Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic publishers.

Page 10: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 132

Mahomed, H. (2004). Challenges in curriculum transformation in South Africa. Fifth Annual Educationally

Speaking Conference 15th – 18

th May, Birchwood Hotel, Boksburg. Gauteng.

Makotsa, D. (2012). Curriculum support materials as a possible source of erroneous ideas about evolution in

South Africa: Natural Sciences Grades 7, 8 and 9. Unpublished BSc Honours research report. University

of the Witwatersrand. South Africa.

Malatesta, A. (1950). Dry as chalk. The American Biology Teacher, 12(2), 27-28. DOI: 10.2307/4438125

Marks, R. (1990). Pedagogical content knowledge: From a mathematical case to a modified conception. Journal

of Teacher Education, 41(3), 3-11.

Martin, W. (2010). The prism and the rainbow: A Christian explains why evolution is not a threat. Baltimore: The

Johns Hopkins University Press.

Matejka, K., & Kurke, L. (1994). Designing a great syllabus. College Teaching 4(3): 115–17.

Matsumura, A. (2007). Evolutionary biology and anthropology education in high school textbooks. Anthropological

Science, 115(1), 53-56.

Matthews, M. R. (1998). The nature of science and science teaching. In B. J. Fraser, & K.G. Tobin (Eds.),

International Handbook of Science Education (pp. 981-999). Dordrecht: Kluwer

Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. New Delhi: Thousand Oaks.

Mayer, R. E. (2008). Learning and instruction. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

Mayer, W. V., & Roth, A. A. (1978). Should creation be taught in public schools? Liberty, 73(5), 1-34.

Mayr, E. (1991). One long argument: Charles Darwin and the genesis of modern evolutionary thought.

Cambridge: Harvard University Press

McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education: evidence based inquiry. Boston: Pearson.

Meadows, L., Doster, E., & Jackson, D. F. (2000). Managing the conflict between evolution and religion. The

American Biology Teacher, 62(2), 102-107.

Medical molecular farming: production of antibodies, biopharmaceuticals and edible vaccines in plants (2001).

Trends in Plant Science, 6(5), 219-226.

Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research and evaluation in education and psychology. Integrating diversity with

quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. United Kingdom: Sage Publications.

Merzyin, G. (1997). Language of school science. International Journal of Science Education, 9(4), 483-498.

Meyer, L. A., Crummey, L., & Greer, E. A. (1988). Elementary science textbooks, their content, text characteristics

and comprehensibility. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 20(6), 577-588.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods. Thousand

Oaks: Sage.

Miller, M. (2007). Pedagogical content knowledge. In G. Bodner, & M. Orgil. (Eds.), Theoretical frameworks for

research in chemistry/science (pp. 86-105). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice hall.

Moellenbeck, D.J., Peters, M. L. Bing, J. W. Higgins, L.S., & Sims, L. (2001). Insecticidal proteins from Bacillus

thuringiensis protect corn from corn rootworms. Nature Biotechnology, 18(7), 668-672.

Molefe, L. (2013).The pedagogical content knowledge of South African Life Scinces teachers teaching evolution

for the first time. Unpublished MSc research report. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Moore, R., Decker, M., & Cotner, S. (2010). No prospect of an end: Chronology of the evolution-creation

controversy. Oxford: Greenwood Press.

Moore, R., Mitchell, G., Bally, R., M., Day, J., & Jacobs, D. (2007). Undergraduate understanding of evolution:

Ascriptions of agency as a problem for student learning. Journal of Biology Education, 36(2), 65-71.

DOI:10.1080/00219266.2002.9655803

Mouton, J. (1996). Understanding social research. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

Mpeta, M., de Villiers, J. J. R., & Fraser, W. J. (2014). Secondary school learners response to the teaching of

evolution in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Journal of Biological Education, 247, 1-15. Retrieved on the

16th

of September 2014 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2014.914555

Page 11: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 133

Narendra, D., & Veena, M. (n.d). Textbooks: A source of students misconceptions at the secondary school level.

Proceedings of EPISTEME 4, India, pp. 122-126. Retrieved on the 20th

of July 2014 from

http://episteme4.hbcse.tifr.res.in/proceedings/strand-ii-cognitive-and-affective-studies-of-

stme/deshmukh-deshmukh.

National Research Council (2012). A framework for K-12 education. Washington: The National Academic press.

Nehm, R. H., & Schonfeld I. S. (2008). Measuring knowledge of natural selection: a comparison of the CINS, an

open response instrument: An oral interview. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(10), 1131-

1160.

Nehm, R., & Reilly, R. (2007). Biology majors knowledge of misconceptions of natural selection. Biological

Sciences, 57(3), 263-272. DOI: 10.1641/B570311.

Nehm, R., & Schonfeld, I. (2007). Does increasing biology teacher knowledge of evolution and the nature of

science lead to greater preference for teaching of evolution in schools? Journal of Science Teaching

Education, 18(5), 699-723. DOI: 10.1007/s10928-007-90627.

Nehm, R., Poole, T., Lyford, M., Hoskins, S., Carruth, L., & Colberg, P. (2009). Does the segregation of evolution

in biology textbooks and introductory courses reinforce students mental models? Evolution Education

Outreach, 2(3), 527-532. DOI 10.1007/s12052-008-0100-5

Nehm, R., Rector, M., & Ha, M. (2010). Force-talk in evolutionary explanation: metaphors and misconceptions.

Evolution: Education and Outreach, 3(4), 605-613.

Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

Neuman, W. (1997). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Florida: Sage Publications

Nieminen, P., & Mustonen, A. (2014). Argumentation and fallacies in creationist writings against evolutionary

theory. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 7(11), 1-14. DOI: 10.1186/s12052-014-0011-6

Ngxola, N., & Sanders, M. (2009). Teachers’ content knowledge for teaching evolution for the first time:

perceptions and reality. Vol. 2 of the Pceeding of the Seventh Annual Conference of the Southern

African Association for Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology education. 19-22 January,

Rhodes University, Grahamstown. p. 417-426.

Ngxola, N. (2012). Teaching evolution in a new curriculum: Life Sciences teachers concerns and needs. A

research report, University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg.

Norman, K. D., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Novak, J. D. (1977). A theory of education. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University.

Ohkawa, H., Tsujii, H., & Ohkawa, Y. (1999). The use of cytochrome P450 genes to introduce herbicide tolerance

in crops: a review. Pesticide Science, 55(9), 867-874. DOI: 10.1002/ (SICI) 1096-9063(199909)55:9

Olakanmi, I., & Baba, S. (1996). Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks: The role of

teachers as filters. The American Biology Teacher, 58(1), 14-19.

Olander, C. (2006). Biology in context. London: Institute of Education

OLeary, Z. (2004). The essential guide to doing research. London: Sage Publications.

Opie, C. (2010). Doing educational research. London: Sage Publications

Ottevanger, W. (2001). Teacher support materials as a catalyst for science curriculum implementation in Namibia.

Doctoral dissertation. Enschebe: University of Twente.

Oxford Dictionaries (2014). Oxford University Press. Retrieved on the 2rd of August 2014 from

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/eclectic

Padian, K. (2013). Correcting some common misrepresentations of evolution in textbooks and the media.

Evolution: Education and Outreach, 6(11), 1-13. DOI:10.1186/1936-6434-6-11

Parkes, J., & Harris, M. B. (2002). The purpose of a syllabus. College Teaching, 50(2), 55–61.

Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park: Sage.

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage

Publications.

Page 12: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 134

Paul, D. (1988). The Selection of the survival of the fittest. Journal of the History of Biology, 21(3), 411-424.

Pawson, R. D. (1995). Methods of content/document/media analysis. In M. Haralambos (Ed.), Developments in

sociology (pp. 107-128). Ormskirk: Causeway Press.

Pederson, S., & Hallden, O. (1992). Intuitive ideas and scientific explanations as parts of students developing

understanding of biology: the case of evolution. European Journal of Psychology Education, 9(2), 127-

137.

Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press.

Pierce, R. (2007). Evaluating information: validity, reliability, accuracy, triangulation. Research Methods in Politics,

5052, 79-99. Retrieved on the 21st of July from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/17810_5052_Pierce

Pinar, W. F. (1978). The reconceptualization of curriculum studies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 10(3), 205–214.

Polit, D., & Hungler, B. (1999). Nursing research: principles and methods. Philaselphia: Lippncott.

Posner, G. J., Strike, K. A., Hewson, P. W., & Gertzog, W. A. (1982). Accommodation of a scientific conception:

Toward a theory of conceptual change. Science Education, 66(2), 211-227.

Pramling, N. (2008). The role of metaphor in Darwin and the implications for teaching evolution. Science

Education, 93(3), 535-547.

Prinou, L., Halkia, L., & Skordoulis, C. (2008). What conceptions do Greek school students form about biological

evolution? Evolution Education Outreach, 1(3), 321-317. Doi 10.1007/s/12052-0080051x.

Rajasekar, S., Philominathan, P., & Chinnathambi, V. (2013). Research methodology. Retrieved on the 28th

of

November 2015 from http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0601009.pdf

Rajput, J. S. (2002). Dimensions of curriculum change. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and

Training.

Reddy, L., & Sanders, M. (2014). The potential influence of Life Sciences examinations on misconceptions about

evolution. Proceedings of the 22nd

Annual Conference of the Southern African Association for Research

in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education. 13-16 January 2014. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan

University, Port Elizabeth. pp. 146-154.

Rees, P. (2007). The evolution of textbook misconceptions about Darwin. Journal of Biological Education, 41(2),

53-55.

Reeves, T. C., & Hedberg, J. G. (2003). Interactive learning systems evaluation. Englewood Cliffs: Educational.

Reimer, M., & Camp, F. (2006). Metaphor. In E. Lapore, & B. Smith (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of

language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 845-863.

Reiss, M. (1999). Teaching secondary biology. London: John Murray Publishers Limited.

Rice, J. W. (2010). The theory of evolution is not an explanation for the origin of life. Evolution Outreach, 3(2),141-

142.

Richards, J, & Mahoney, D. (1996). Teachers and Textbooks: a Survey of beliefs and practices: Perspective. City

University of Hong Kong: Department of English.

Rockefeller Foundation (1999). Rockefeller to end network after 15 years of success. Rockefeller Foundation,

286(5444), 1468-1469.

Rofo, R., Capocasa, M., Marcari, V., Darcongelo, E., Enrica, M., & Danubo, E. (2013). Knowledge of evolution

and human diversity: a study among high school students of Rome, Italy. Evolution: Education and

Outreach, 6(19), 1-10.

Rogan, J. M., & Grayson, D. J. (2003). Towards a theory of curriculum implementation with particular reference to

science education in developing countries. International Journal of Science, 25(10), 1171-1204. DOI:

10.1080/09500690210145819

Rogers, T. T., & McClelland, J. L. (2008). Precise of semantic cognition, a parallel distributed processing

approach. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 31(6), 689–749.

Rosenthal, D. B. (1985). Evolution in high school biology textbooks. Science Education, 69(5), 637-648.

Page 13: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 135

Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (1999). Assessing social presence in asynchronous text-

based computer conferencing. Journal of Distance Education, 14(2), 51–70.

Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2001). Methodological issues in the content analysis of

computer conference transcripts. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 12(1), 8–22.

Sanders, M. (1993). Erroneous ideas about respiration: The teacher factor. Journal of Research in Science

Teaching, 30(8), 919-934.

Sanders, M. (2008). Teaching about evolution: More than just the content. Proceedings of the 4th

Biennial

Conference of the South African Association of Science and Technology Educators. University of the

Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1-4 July 2008.

Sanders, M. (2010). Teaching evolution in a multi-cultural society: Teachers concerns and management

strategies for coping with conflict. Proceedings of the 14th

International Organization for Science and

Technology Education symposium. Socio-cultural and Human Values in Science and Technology

Education, 13-18 June 2010, Bled, Slovenia.

Sanders, M. (2014a). Teleological and anthropomorphic thinking and misconceptions about biological adaptations

in Natural Sciences textbooks. Proceedings of the 22nd

Annual Conference of the Southern African

Association for Research in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education. 13-16 January 2014.

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth. pp. 139-145.

Sanders, M. (2014b). Linguistic threats associated with metaphors about evolution. Curriculum Matters,

10(2014), 155-176.

Sanders, M., & Makotsa, D. (2016). The possible influence of curriculum statements and textbooks on

misconceptions: The case of evolution. Education as Change, 20(1), 1-23. DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1947-9417/2015/555

Sanders, M., & Reiss, M. J. (2014). Teaching evolution in a learner-centred curriculum in times of demographic

change. Paper presented at the Learning in a Changing World conference, 21-22 November 2014.

Institute of Education, University of London.

Sanders, M., Tshuma, T., & Makotsa, D. (2012). Textbooks as a potential influence on misconceptions about

evolution. A workshop for publishers, textbook authors and researchers dealing with the topic of

evolution. 29 September 2012. Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences. University of the

Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

Sanders, M., & Tshuma, T. (2013). Life Sciences textbooks as a potential factor influencing erroneous ideas

about evolution. 21st Annual Conference of the Southern African Association for Research in

Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education. 14-17 January 2013. University of the Western Cape,

Cape Town.

Sanders, M., Tshuma, T., & Makotsa, D. (2013). Recognising and dealing with common misconceptions about

evolution. Workshops run at the South African Association of Science and Technology Educators

(SAASTE). North West Provincial Conference 3rd Biennial General Meeting. 19 October 2013.

Wolmaransstad, North West Province. (Workshop targeting teachers and subject advisors

Sapsford, R., & Jupp, V. (2006). Data collection and analysis. London: Sage Publications in association with the

Open University.

Settlage, J. (1994). Conceptions of natural selection: A snapshot of the sense-making process. Journal of

Research in Science Teaching, 3I(5), 449-457.

Shen, B. (1975). Scientific literacy and the public understanding of science. In S.B. Day (Ed.), Communication of

scientific information (pp. 44-52). Basel: Karger. Pearson

Schussler, E., Link-Pérez, A., Weber M., & Dollo, H. (2010). Exploring plant and animal content in elementary

science textbooks. Journal of Biological education, 44(3), 123-128.

Schwab, J. J. (1978). Science, curriculum and liberal education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Schwarz, C. V., Gunckel, K. L., Covitt, B. A., & Bae, M. (2008). Helping elementary preservice teachers learn to

use curriculum materials for effective science teaching. Science Education, 92(2), 34-377.

Page 14: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 136

Schrey, A. W., Richards, C. L., Meller, V., Sollars, V., & Ruden, D. M. (2011). The role of epigenetics in evolution:

The extended synthesis. Genetics Research International, 2012(2012), 1-3. DOI: 10.1155/2012/286164

Schumacher, S., & MacMillan, J. (1993). Research in education ― A conceptual introduction. London: College.

Schumacher, S., & McMillan, J. (2010). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry. Boston:

Science daily (2008). Natural selection may not produce the best organisms. Public Library of Science. Online

publication. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000110. Retrieved on the 15th of June 2014 from

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080717201837.htm

Scotland, R. W. (2011). What is parallelism? Evolution Development, 13(2), 214-227.

Scott, E. C. (2009). Evolution vs. creationism: An Introduction. Greenwood: California

Scott, P., Clayton, L., & Richard, B. (2000). Phytodetoxification of hazardous organomercurials by genetically

engineered plants, Nature Biotechnology, 18(2), 213-217.

Selden, S. (2007). Biological determination and the narrative of adjustment: The high school biology textbooks of

Trumann Jesse moon. Curriculum Inquiry, 37(2), 159-196.

Shenton, K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative social science. London: Routledge.

Shreeve, J. (2009). Oldest skeleton of human ancestor found. National Geographic Magazine. Retrieved on the

20th

of June 2014 from: http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2009/10/01_ardiskeleton.shtml

Shulman, A. (2006). Qualitative difference between naïve and scientific theories of evolution. Cognitive

Psychology, 52(2), 170-194. DOI: 10.1016/J cogpsych.2005.10001.

Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4-

14.

Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge growth in teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational

Review, 57(1), 1-22.

Sikes, P., & Piper, H. (2008). Risky research or researching risk? The real role of ethics review. In: Satterthwaite

J, Watts, & H. Piper (Eds.), Talking truth confronting power (pp. 51–65). Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham

Books.

Simanek, D. E. (2008). Didaktikogenic Physics Misconceptions: Student misconceptions induced by teachers

and textbooks. Retrieved on 22rd

of June 1012 from

http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/scenario/miscon.htm

Sinclair, A., Pandavis, M. P., & Baldwin, B. (1997). The relationship between college zoology students belief

about evolutionary theory and religion. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 30(10), 118-

125

Skoog, G. (1979). Topic of evolution in secondary school biology textbooks: 1900-1977. Science Education,

63(5), 621-640.

Skoog, G. (1984). The coverage of evolution in high school biology textbooks published in the 1980s. Science

Education, 68(2), 117–128.

Skoog, G. (2005). The coverage of human evolution in high school biology textbooks in the 20th Century and in

current state science standards. Science and Education, 14 (3-3), 395-422.

Skoog, G., & Bilica, K. (2002). The emphasis given to evolution in state science standards: a lever for change in

evolution education? Science Education, 86(4), 445-462.

Smith, E. L., Blakeslee, T. D., & Anderson, C. W. (1993). Teaching strategies associated with conceptual change

learning in science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 30(2), 111–126.

Smith, P., diSessa, A., & Roschelle, J. (1993). Misconceptions reconceived: A constructivist analysis of

knowledge in transition. The Journal of the Learning Science, 3 (2), 115-163.

Southerland, S., Abrams, E., Cummins, C., & Anzelmo, J. (2001). Understanding students explanations of

biological phenomena: conceptual frameworks or p-prims? Science Education, 85(4), 328-348.

Spiegel, A. N., Evans, M. E., Gram, W., & Diamond, J. (2006). Museum visitors understanding of evolution.

Museums and Social Issues, 1(1), 69–86.

Page 15: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 137

Spindler, L., & Doherty, J. (2009). Assessment of the teaching of evolution by natural selection through hands on

simulation. Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology, 6 (July, 2009), 1-20.

Stacey, E., & Gerbic, P. (2003). Investigating the impact of computer conferencing: content analysis as a

manageable research tool. In G. Crisp, D. Thiele, I. Scholten, S. Barker, & J. Baron (Eds.), Interact,

integrate, impact: Proceedings of the 20th annual conference of the Australasian society for computers

in learning in tertiary education, Adelaide, 7–10 December 2003.

Stears, M. (2006). The FET curriculum and teaching of evolution. What are the challenges facing teachers?

Proceedings of the Third Biennial Conference of the South African Association of Science and

Technology Educators, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, pp. 177-182 (p.178-183 on CD).

Takayama, H., & Wakabayashi, M. (2008). Preliminary reports on changes of anthropology description in high

school textbooks (Japanese history and world history) that have received official approval.

Anthropological Science, 116(2), 207-210

Tamir, P. (1991). Professional and personal knowledge of teachers and teacher educators. Teaching and

Teacher Education, 7(3), 263-269.

Tamir, P., & Zohar, A. (1991). Anthropomorphism and teleology in reasoning about biological phenomenon.

Science Education, 75(1), 57-67. DOI: 10.1002/sec.3730750106.

Tanner, D., & Tanner, L. (1995). Curriculum development: Theory and practice. New York: Merrill.

Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioural research. London:

Cassell.

Taylor, C.E., & Cope, C. (2007). Are there multiple thresholds in the concept of evolution, and can they be

identified using dimensions of variation? In Proceedings of the Symposium Science Teaching and

Learning Research, September 27 & 28, 2007, UniServe Science: Sydney, 101-106.

Textbooks in teaching and Learning (2006). Brookes eJournal of learning and teaching, 2(1), 1-15.

Thagard, P., & Findlay, S. (2009). Getting to Darwin: Obstacles to accepting evolution by natural selection.

Science and Education (August 2009). Online publication: DOI 10.1007/s11191-009-9204-8

The Cambridge University Press (2012). Cambridge School Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge: University Press.

The Dictionary (2014). Vocabulary.com. Retrieved on the 2rd of August from

http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/pragmatic

The Indian Express (2014). HRD (Human resources development) minister asked to act on errors in class XII

books. The Indian Express Online Media Pvt. Ltd. Retrieved on the 20th

of June 2014 from http://0-

search.proquest.com.innopac.wits.ac.za/docview/1535398070?accountid=15083

The National Commission on Teaching and Americas Future (1996). What matters most: teaching for Americas

Future. Retrieved on the 7th of June 2015 from

https://books.google.co.za/books?id=BMudAAAAMAAJ&q=What+Matters+Most:+teaching+for+America

%27s+Future.&dq=What+Matters+Most:+teaching+for+America%27s+Future.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahU

KEwjt3-TB973KAhXD6w4KHXADBSoQ6AEIGzAA

The Online Dictionary (2016). Retrieved on the 19th of March 2016 from: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/

The University of California Museum of Palaeontology, Berkeley (2006). Misconceptions. Accessed on the 12th

of

June 2014 from http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/index.ahtml.

The University of Liege: The school of physical sciences (2009). Retrieved on the 17th

0f March 2014 from

http://www.physsci.cam.ac.uk/researchinsps.

Thomas, D. R. (2006). A general inductive approach for analysing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of

Evaluation, 27(2), 237-246. DOI: 10.1177/1098214005283748.

Thompson, J. (2008). Use the word evolution. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 1(1), 42-43.

Tidon, R., & Lewontin, R. (2004). Teaching evolutionary biology. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 27(1), 124-131.

DOI: 10.1590/52425-475720054000100021.

Page 16: Reference list - University of the Witwatersrandwiredspace.wits.ac.za/jspui/bitstream/10539/21723/8/08 Reference... · Misconceptions and alternative conceptions in science textbooks

Reference list 138

Tshuma, T. (2012). The influence of Further Education and Training teacher support materials on misconceptions

about evolution. Unpublished BSc Honours research report. University of the Witwatersrand. South

Africa.

Tshuma, T., & Sanders, M. (2015). Textbooks as a possible influence on unscientific ideas about evolution.

Journal of Biological Education, 49(4), 354-369, DOI: 10.1080/00219266.2014.967274

van Dijk, E. M. (2009). Teachers views on understanding evolutionary theory: A PCK-study in the framework of

the ERTE-model. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(1), 259–267.

van Dijk, E., & Reydon, T. (2010). A conceptual analysis of evolutionary theory for teacher education. Science

Education, 19(6–8), 655–677.

van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing Standard, 16(40), 33-36.

Retrieved on the 24th of January 1015 from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.06.16.40.33.c3214

Vlaardingerbroek, B., & Roedroek, C. (1997). Evolution education in Papua New Guinea: trainee teachers view.

Educational studies, 23(3), 363-375. DOI: 10.1080/0305569970230303

Wager, E., & Kleinert, S. (2011). Responsible research publication: international standards for authors. A position

statement developed at the 2nd World Conference on Research Integrity, Singapore, July 22-24.

Wandersee, J., Mintzes, J., & Novak, J. (1994). Research on alternative conceptions in science. In D. Gabel

(Ed.), (1994). Handbook of research on science teaching and learning (pp. 177-210). New York:

Macmillan Publishing Company.

Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications.

Weiss, M., & Dreesmann, C. (2014). Aspirations and expectations: comparing scientist and teacher views as a

source of ideas for teaching evolution. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2(5): 421-431.

Retrieved on the 20th of April from http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2014.020504

White, R. (1985). The importance of context in educational research. Research in Science Education, 15(1), 92-

102.

Wittrock, M.D. (1977). The Human Brain. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy: Prentice-Hall

Woodward, A., & Elliott, D. (1987). Evolution and creationism in high school textbooks. The American Biology

Teacher, 49(3), 164-170.

Writing@Colorado State University (2014). Content analysis. Downloaded from the Web Site of Colorado State

University on August 3, 2014: http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=61.

Yates, B., & Marek, A. (2014). Teachers teaching misconceptions: a study of factors contributing to high school

biology students acquisition of biological evolution-related misconceptions. Evolution: Education and

Outreach, 7(7), 1-14. DOI: 10.1186/s12052-014-0007-2

Yates, B., & Marek, E. (2013). Is Oklahoma really ok? A regional study of the prevalence of biological evolution-

related misconceptions held by introductory biology teachers. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 6(6),

1-20.

Yin, D. (1998). Identification of misconceptions in novice biology teachers and remedial strategies for improving

biology learning. International Journal of Science Education, 20(4), 461-477.

Yin, R. K. (1994). Applications of case study. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: design and methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Yip, D. (1998). Identification of misconceptions in novice biology teachers and remediation of improving biology

learning. International Journal of Science Education, 20(40), 461-477.

Zane Education (2015). Visual learning – subtitled educational videos, quizzes, study tools, lesson plans.

Retrieved on the 22rd of April 2015 from: http://www.zaneeducation.com/

Zhang, Y., &. Wildemuth, B. M. (1966) Qualitative analysis of content. Retrieved on the 1st of August from

https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~yanz/Content_analysis.pdf