Canada este un stat situat n extremitatea nordic a continentului american. Ca suprafa, Canada este a doua ar a lumii ca ntindere dup Rusia, teritoriul su fiind organizat asemenea unui stat federal, n zece provincii i trei teritorii. Este mrginit la est de Oceanul Atlantic, la nord de Oceanul Arctic, iar la vest de Oceanul Pacific. La sud, se nvecineaz cu Statele Unite ale Americii. Populat la nceput n mod exclusiv de populaie aborigen, Canada a fost fondat sub forma unei uniuni de colonii britanice, unele dintre ele transformate din foste colonii franceze. Ca form de organizare statal, Canada este, din 1867, un dominion britanic, deci o monarhie constituional. n realitate, Canada i-a obinut independena de Marea Britanie n mod panic, printr-un proces gradual nceput cu ntemeierea Canadei n 1867 i definitivat n 1982, cnd Canada a obinut dreptul de a-i modifica propria constituie. Cele mai importante trei acte normative care au consolidat independena sunt:

British North America Act (Documentul ce ratific independena Canadei), 1 iulie 1867 Statute of Westminster, 11 decembrie 1931 Canada Act, 17 aprilie 1982.

n prezent, Canada este un stat independent, care funcioneaz ca o democraie parlamentar i monarhie constituional bine articulat, ef al statului fiind regina Elisabeta a II-a, al crei reprezentant local este Guvernatorul General al Canadei, Michalle Jean. eful guvernului este primul ministru al Canadei, actualmente Stephen Harper. Canada se autodefinete ca fiind o naiune bilingv i multicultural. Engleza i franceza sunt ambele limbi oficiale. La nceputul anilor 1970, Canada ncepe s adopte concepte de diversitate cultural i multiculturalism, concepte pe care muli canadieni le consider astzi ca unele dintre principalele caracteristici ale rii. ar industrializat i avansat tehnologic, Canada este un exportator net de energie datorit rezervelor considerabile de combustibili fosili i a generrii de energie nuclear i hidroelectric. Economia diversificat se bazeaz mult pe abundena resurselor naturale i a comerului extern, n special cu Statele Unite, cu care Canada are o relaie complex i de lung durat, relaie care poate fi descris ca cel mai strns i mai vast parteneriat comercial din istorie

Armata

Soldai canadieni n Afganistan. Membru fondator al NATO, Canada are 62.000 militari activi i 26.000 n rezerv. Forele Armate Canadiene sunt alctuite din fore terestre, navale i aeriene. Echipamentul de baz ncorporeaz 2.400 de tancuri, 34 de nave militare i 140 de avioane de lupt. Forele armate canadiene au participat la diferite conflicte armate, inclusiv al doilea rzboi al burilor, primul rzboi mondial, al doilea rzboi mondial, rzboiul din Coreea, rzboiul din Golful Persic i recent, invazia Afganistanului. De la prima misiune ONU de meninere a pcii, propus de Lester B. Pearson n 1965, armata canadian a servit n 50 de astfel de operaiuni - mai multe dect oricare alt ar. La sfritul celui de-al doilea rzboi mondial, Canada era a patra puterea militar a lumii, cu efective mult n spatele Statelor Unite, Marii Britanii i Uniunii Sovietice. Canada a participat n diferite capaciti la operaiunile NATO din fosta Iugoslavie, i menine n continuare personal militar n Kosovo, ca parte a KFOR. Din 2001, Canada are trupe n Afganistan ca parte a interveniei NATO n aceast ar. Canada particip de asemenea i n Fora ONU de Asisten pentru Securitate n Kabul. n 2005, armata Canadian a fost implicat n Misiunea ONU de Stabilizare n Haiti, iar Echipa Canadian de Asisten n caz de Dezastru (Disaster Assistance Response Team, DART) a participat la cele dou misiuni majore de asisten: Uraganul Katrina n septembrie 2005 n Statele Unite i cutremurul din Kamir n octombrie. Aceeai echip de intervenie rapid a fost n centrul eforturilor de ajutorare n Asia de sud-est ca urmare a tsunamiului din decembrie 2004.

POZIIA CANADEI N CADRUL ORGANIZAIILOR INTERNAIONALE. Canada i ONU. Pentru Canada, ONU reprezint cea mai bun ans de a menine pacea n lume i de a contribui la dezvoltarea tuturor statelor. Canada a esut legturi strnse cu

multe ri i organisme internaionale. Canada este o ar respectat pe arena internaional. Membru fondator al Naiunilor Unite, Canada este la curent cu toate activitile organizaiei de mai bine de 50 de ani i este mndr de succesul cptat de ONU. Canada i UE. Canada a stabilit strnse legturi cu Uniune European , prin ci att bilaterale, ct i multilaterale, Canada a format parteneriate cu UE gestionnd crize, reconstruind pierderi dup conflicte, dezvoltnd instituii democratice in ntreaga lume, inclusiv n : Sudan, Orientul-Mijlociu, Republica Democrat Congo, Haiti, n Balcani, i n Afganistan. Dup importan UE este al doilea partener comercial, a doua surs de investiii strine directe i a doua regiune care primete investiiile canadiene n strintate. UE este un partener indispensabil n vederea investigaiilor tiinifice i tehnologice. Canada i NATO. Canada figura printre membrii fondatori ai NATO i, pn la anii 1970, aceast alian era principala sa tribun in ceea ce privete relaiile trans-atlantice. Importana UE i OSCE pentru Canada nu nceteaz s creasc, ns NATO continue s ocupe un loc de prim ordin n angajamentele rii privitor la securitatea in Europa i dincolo de ea. Datorit apartenenei la NATO, Canada are acces la informaii strategice, poate participa mpreun cu forele aliate la intervenii militare i s contribuie la luarea deciziilor n legtur cu securitatea i stabilitatea euro-atlantic. ncepnd cu anul 1949 Canada se claseaz pe locul 6 n ceea ce privete contribuiile la bugetul militar i civil al NATO. Membru fondator al NATO, Canada are 62.000 militari activi i 26.000 n rezerv. Forele Armate Canadiene sunt alctuite din fore terestre, navale i aeriene. Echipamentul de baz ncorporeaz 2.400 de tancuri, 34 de nave militare i 140 de avioane de lupt. Forele armate canadiene au participat la diferite conflicte armate, inclusiv al doilea rzboi al burilor, primul rzboi mondial, al doilea rzboi mondial, rzboiul din Coreea, rzboiul din Golful Persic i recent, invazia Afganistanului. De la prima misiune ONU de meninere a pcii, propus de Lester B. Pearson n 1965, armata canadian a servit n 50 de astfel de operaiuni - mai multe dect oricare alt ar. La sfritul celui de-al doilea rzboi mondial, Canada era a patra puterea militar a lumii, cu efective mult n spatele Statelor Unite, Marii Britanii i Uniunii Sovietice Canada i OSCE. Guvernul Canadei lucreaz n strns colaborare cu diverse organe OSCE, in diferite conlucrri, cum ar fi problemele de securitate a persoanelor, readaptarea civililor dup conflicte, extirparea cauzelor terorismului, i promovarea controlului asupra armamentelor. Canada particip ca finanator la o serie de proiecte realizate sub supravegherea OSCE; parlamentarii canadieni sunt foarte activi in cadrul adunrii parlamentare OSCE, dnd dovad de un vdit interes in realizarea obiectivelor propuse. Consiliul Arcticii a fost nfiinat n 1996 prin declaraia de la Ottava. Canada a fost primul su preedinte i este un membru care particip activ in cadrul lucrrilor Consiliului. Guvernul Canadei elaboreaz politica sa circumpolar n strns colaborare cu UE.

Soldai canadieni n Afganistan. Canada a participat n diferite capaciti la operaiunile NATO din fosta Iugoslavie, i menine n continuare personal militar n Kosovo, ca parte a KFOR. Din 2001, Canada are trupe n Afganistan ca parte a interveniei NATO n aceast ar. Canada particip deasemenea i n Fora ONU de Asisten pentru Securitate n Kabul. n 2005, armata Canadian a fost implicat n Misiunea ONU de Stabilizare n Haiti, iar Echipa Canadian de Asisten n caz de Dezastru (Disaster Assistance Response Team, DART) a participat la cele dou misiuni majore de asisten: Uraganul Katrina n septembrie 2005 n Statele Unite i cutremurul din Kamir n octombrie. Aceeai echip de intervenie rapid a fost n centrul eforturilor de ajutorare n Asia de sud-est ca urmare a tsunamiului din decembrie 2004. CADRU legislativ general In Canada, conscription has never taken place in peacetime---n Canada, recrutarea nu a mai avut loc n timp de pace Serviciu militar = stagiu la care sunt obligai, prin lege, cetenii unui stat pentru a se instrui din punct de vedere militar n rndurile forelor armate.

All Commands of the Canadian Forces (CF) (that is, Maritime Command, Land Force Command, Air Command, Operational Support Command, Expeditionary Force Command, Special Operations Forces Command, and Canada Command) are primarily governed by the National Defence Act (NDA). Section 12 of the NDA authorizes the Governor In Council's creation of the Queen's Regulations and Orders (QR&Os). The QR&Os are subordinate legislation having the force of law. Since the principle of delegatus non potest delegare has not achieved rigid standing in Canada, the QR&Os authorize other military officials to generate orders having similar, but not equal, status. These instruments can be found in the Canadian Forces Administrative Orders and Defence Administrative Orders and Directives; they are used as direction for authorities within the CF to administer the day-to-day considerations of the Forces. A JAG has headed the Canadian military legal branch since before the First World War. The branch interprets the Canadian Forces' own internal rules and code of discipline, and also international and humanitarian laws and codes of war, such as the Geneva Conventions. In Canadian practice, armed combat is a strictly regulated environment and legal officers are a crucial part of the planning that goes into operational decisions. The Military Law Centre on the grounds of Royal Military College of Canada, staffed with military lawyers, oversees the education of officers and troops in legal matters, trains military lawyers and advises Ottawa on matters of policy and doctrine. Legal education is integrated into the regular training that Canadian Forces members undergo.

Toate comenzile al Forelor canadian (FC) (care este, n domeniul maritim de comand, Terenuri Force Command, Air Command, Comandamentul de asisten operaional, Fora expediionar Command, Comandamentul Forelor Operaiuni Speciale, i Canada Command) sunt n principal reglementate de Legea Naionale de Aprare (CND ). Seciunea 12 din NDA autorizeaz guvernator n crearea Consiliului de regulamente Reginei i Comenzi (QR & OS). QR & Os sunt legislaia subordonate cu putere de lege. Avnd n vedere c principiul non delegatus potest delegare nu a realizat n picioare rigide, n Canada, QR & Os autoriza ali oficiali militari de a genera ordine avnd similare, dar nu egale, statut. Aceste instrumente pot fi gsite n Canadian Forces ordine administrative i de aprare ordine administrative i directivelor; acestea sunt utilizate ca direcie pentru autoriti n CF pentru a administra zi cu consideraiile-zi a Forelor. Un JAG a condus filiala canadian militare juridic, deoarece, nainte de primul rzboi mondial. Ramura interpreteaz propria Forelor canadian "normele interne i codul de disciplin, precum i, de asemenea, internaionale i umanitare legile i codurile de rzboi, cum ar fi Conveniile de la Geneva. n practic canadian, lupt armat este un mediu strict reglementat i ofierii juridice sunt o parte esenial a planificrii, care merge n decizii operaionale. Militar Centrul de Drept din motive de Colegiul Militar Regal din Canada, din care fac cu avocaii militare, supravegheaz educaia de ofieri i soldai n probleme juridice, avocai trenurile militare i ofer consiliere Ottawa, la chestiuni de politic i de doctrin. Educaie juridic este integrat n periodice de formare care canadiene membrii forelor supus.

Cadru legislative particular CanadaThe legislative basis for Canadian military law evolved over time. British influence was particularly persuasive during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Canadas military and naval forces predominantly used British military law, modified by Canadian legislation and regulations to meet particular circumstances in Canada. Unlike other self-governing colonies such as Australia, which exerted some degree of independence, Canada willingly placed its Armed Forces overseas under British control and military law in support of imperial interests. Visiting forces agreements, concluded after the constitutional changes resulting from the Statute of Westminster, governed the application and administration of military law through the Second World War. The Canadian services obtained a truly national Code of Service Discipline with introduction of the National Defence Act in 1950. In subsequent decades, the National Defence Act and its accompanying Queens Regulations and Orders (QR&O)6 Introduction

were amended to satisfy the requirements of unification, new operational commitments, and constitutional changes in Canadian law. The Canadian Bill of Rights and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms demanded a higher standard of fairness within the military justice system. Military authorities

adjusted to the improved legal regime with some difficulty and untoward complaining.

Baza legislativ pentru legislaia canadian militar a evoluat n timp. Britanic influen a fost deosebit de convingtor n timpul XIX-lea i nceputul anului al XX-lea. Canada's fore militare i navale predominant utilizat drept militar britanic, modificat prin legislaia canadian i reglementrile pentru a satisface circumstanele speciale n Canada. Spre deosebire de alte autoguvernare colonii, cum ar fi Australia, care a exercitat un anumit grad de independen, Canada, de bun voie plasat Forele sale Armate de peste mri, aflate sub control britanic militare i de drept n sprijinul intereselor imperiale. O vizita in acorduri de fore, ncheiate dup modificrile constituionale care rezult din Statutul de la Westminster, guvernate aplicarea i administrarea Legea militare prin al doilea rzboi mondial. Serviciile canadiene a obinut un cod cu adevrat naional al Serviciului Disciplina cu introducerea de Actul Naional de Aprare n 1950. n ultimele decenii ulterioare, Naional Actul de aprare i a regulamentelor sale de nsoire, Queen's i Ordine (QR & O) 6 Introducere au fost modificate pentru a satisface cerinele de unificare, noi operaionale angajamente, precum i modificrile constituionale n legislaia canadian. Canadian Bill of Rights i Carta drepturilor i libertilor a cerut o mai mare standard de corectitudine n cadrul sistemului de justiie militar. Autoritile militare ajustat la regimul juridic mbuntit cu unele dificultate i obraznic complaining.

Land Force Command (LFC), often also called the Canadian Army, is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces. The current size of Land Force Command is 19,500 regular soldiers and 16,000 reserve soldiers, for a total of around 35,500 soldiers. LFC maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada and is also responsible for the largest component of the Primary Reserve, the Army Reserve, which is often referred to informally by its historic name, the "militia". The Chief of the Land Staff is LieutenantGeneral Andrew Leslie. LFC is the descendant of the Canadian Army which was the name of Canada's land forces from 1940 until February 1, 1968. At the time of unification all army units were placed under Mobile Command (MC), later changed to Force Mobile Command (FMC) in 1975 when tactical air units were assigned to newly-created Air Command. The name was changed from FMC to Land Force Command in a 1997 reorganization of the Canadian Forces. Teren Force Command (LFC), de multe ori, de asemenea, numit Armata canadian, este responsabil pentru operaiunile de armat n cadrul forelor canadiene. Mrimea actual a

Land Forei de comand este 19500 de soldai regulate i soldai 16000 rezerv, pentru un total de aproximativ 35500 de soldai. LFC susine unitile de forele regulate, la baze din Canada i este de asemenea responsabil pentru cea mai mare component a rezervei primar, Rezerva Armatei, care este adesea menionat la informal de ctre denumirea sa istoric, miliia ". ef al landului Major este General-locotenent Andrew Leslie.

Command StructureFurther information: The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces Per the Canadian constitution, command-in-chief of the Canadian Forces is vested in the country's sovereign,[6] who, since 1904, has allowed his or her viceroy, the Governor General, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief, and to hold the associated title since 1905.[7] All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the Royal Prerogative and are issued as orders-in-council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the Prime Minister and Minister of National Defence. The forces' 67,000 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of commissioned and non-commissioned officers, and other non-commissioned positions. The Governor General appoints, on the advice of the Prime Minister, a Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the forces, and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, commands the CF from the Department of National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) in Ottawa, Ontario. On the Armed Forces Council sit the heads of the three environmental commands the Maritime Command, the Land Force Command, and the Air Command who collectively oversee the operational commands of the Canadian Forces the Canada Command, the Expeditionary Force Command, the Special Operations Forces Command, and the Operational Support Command. The sovereign and most other members of the Canadian Royal Family also act as colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodoresin-chief, admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces regiments, though these positions are ceremonial. Canada's forces operate out of 27 branch-specific Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, as well as six shared bases, including the NDHQ; this number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged into others as

defence spending by the government was reduced. New recruits are indoctrinated at various training centres. Officer Cadets are educated and trained at two CF collegiate institutions, the Royal Military College of Canada and the Royal Military College SaintJean. Officers may also be commissioned by joining with a degree from a civilian university. In some cases, officers may also be commissioned from the senior noncommissioned ranks.

[edit] Maritime CommandMain article: Canadian Forces Maritime Command

HMCS Victoria.

HMCS Regina. The Canadian Forces Maritime Command (MARCOM) (in French: Commandement maritime des Forces canadiennes), also called the Canadian [8] Navy, is the naval branch of the CF and is a descendant of the Royal Canadian Navy. Headed by the Chief of the Maritime Staff, the MARCOM includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: the Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at the Esquimalt Royal Navy Dockyard on the west coast, and the Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. MARCOM participates in NATO exercises, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of the Canadian military as well as in conjunction with multinational deployments, including the current Operation APOLLO.

[edit] Land Force CommandMain article: Canadian Forces Land Force Command The Canadian Forces Land Force Command (LFC) (in French: Commandement de la Force terrestre des Forces canadiennes), also known as the Canadian Army,[15] is the land based branch of the CF, and is a descendant of the Canadian Army. Headed by the Chief of the Land Staff, the LFC is administered through four geographically determined formations, or areas: the Land Force Atlantic Area (LFAA), headquartered at CFB Halifax in Halifax, Nova Scotia; the Land Force Quebec Area (LFQA), headquartered in Montreal, Quebec; the Land Force Central Area (LFCA), located at Denison Armoury in Toronto, Ontario; and the Land Force Western Area (LFWA), headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta.

A Leopard C1 tank. Currently, the Regular Force component of the LFC consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several minor organisations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure. Each land force area has, in addition to the Regular Force troops, reserve forces organized into a total of 10 reserve brigade groups. LFAA and LFQA each have two reserve brigade groups, while LFCA and LFWA have three apiece. Major training establishments and non-brigaded troops exist at CFB Gagetown, ASU Saint-Jean (now attached to CFB Montreal), and CFB Wainwright, which is home to the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre and provides state-of-the-art force-on-force training in preparation for overseas deployments.

[edit] Air CommandMain article: Canadian Forces Air Command

A CF-18A fighter jet. The Canadian Forces Air Command (AIRCOM) (in French: Force arienne des Forces canadiennes), is the aerially operating branch of the CF. Led by the Chief of the Air Staff, the AIRCOM is deployed at 13 bases across Canada, under the overall direction of 1 Canadian Air Division, and constitutes the Canadian NORAD Region. Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and commandcontrol facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the

NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany. Wings vary in size from several hundred personnel to several thousand. AIRCOM and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.

Structura de comand Mai multe informaii: Crown canadiene i a Forelor canadian Per Constituia canadian, comanda-ef al Forelor canadian este investit n ar suveran, [6], care, din 1904, a permis vicerege lui sau ei, Guvernatorul General, s-i exercite sarcinile atribuite la postul de comandant -In-ef, i pentru a-i pstra titlul asociate din 1905. [7] Toate trupelor de desfurare i ordine de dispozitie, inclusiv declaratii de razboi, se ncadreaz n prerogativa Regal i sunt eliberate ca ordinele-inCouncil, care trebuie s fie semnat de ctre oricare monarh sau de Guvernatorul General. n conformitate cu sistemul vamal Westminster parlamentare i practicile, cu toate acestea, monarhul i vicerege trebuie s urmeze, n general, sfatul de minitri sale n Cabinetul, inclusiv prim-ministru i ministru al Aprrii Naionale. Forele "67000 de personal sunt mprite ntr-o ierarhie de diferentiere a numeroase comandate i subofieri, precum i alte poziii comandat. Guvernatorul numete General, la sfatul primului-ministru, un ef de Aprare Major (CDS), ca cel mai nalt ofier comandat n forele, i care, n calitate de ef al Forelor Armate Consiliului, comenzi CF de la Departamentul de Naional de Aprare Headquarters (NDHQ) la Ottawa, Ontario. Pe Forelor Armate Consiliului stau efii de trei comenzi de mediu - maritim de comand, Land Force Command, Comandamentul de aer - care n mod colectiv a superviza comenzile operaionale ale Forelor canadian - Comandamentul Canada, Fora expediionar de comand, Special Operaiuni Comandamentul Forelor, precum i de asisten operaional de comand. Membrii suveran i de cele mai multe alte canadian de familia regal, de asemenea, aciona ca colonei-ef, Commodores de aer de onoare, Commodores aer-in-Admirals ef, i cpeteniile-general al Forelor canadiene regimente, dei aceste poziii sunt de ceremonie. Forele Canada's opera din cele 27 de sucursale specifice bazele Canadian Forces (CFB) din ntreaga ar, precum i ase baze partajate, inclusiv NDHQ, acest numr sa redus treptat, ncepnd cu anii 1970, cu baze fie fiind nchise sau uni in altii ca de aprare cheltuielilor de ctre guvern a fost redus. Recrui noi sunt ndoctrinai de la centrele de formare diferite. Cadei Officer sunt educai i instruii la dou instituii CF colegial, Colegiul Militar Regal din Canada i Colegiul Militar Regal Saint-Jean. Ofierii pot fi, de asemenea, comandat de aderarea cu un grad de la o universitate civil. n unele cazuri,

ofierii pot fi comandate, de asemenea, de la non-senior comandat rndurile. [modific] Maritime de comand Articol principal: Canadian Comandamentului Forelor Maritime HMCS Victoria. HMCS Regina. Canadian Comandamentului Forelor Maritime (MARCOM) (n limba francez: Commandement maritim des canadiennes Forelor), de asemenea numit Marinei canadiene, [8] este ramura navale de CF i este un descendent al canadian Marinei Regale. Condus de ef al personalului n domeniul maritim, MARCOM include 33 de nave de rzboi i submarine, desfurat n dou flotelor: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) la Royal Esquimalt Marinei antier naval pe coasta de vest, i maritim Forelor Atlantic (MARLANT), la Her Majesty's canadian antier naval de pe coasta de est, precum i o formare: Naval Reserve Sediul Central (NAVRESHQ) la Quebec City, Quebec. Flota este crescut de aeronave i nave diverse de aprovizionare. MARCOM particip la exerciii NATO, iar navele sunt dislocate peste tot n lume, n sprijinul militar canadian, precum i n legtur cu desfurrile multinaionale, inclusiv APOLLO curent operaiei. [modific] Land Comandamentului Forelor Articol principal: Canadian Forei Comandamentului Forelor Terestre Canadian Fortele Terestre Force Command (LFC) (n limba francez: Commandement de la Force terrestre des canadiennes Forces), cunoscut i ca armata canadian, [15] este terestre ramur a CF, i este un descendent al Armatei canadiene . Condus de ef al landului funcionarilor, LFC este administrat prin intermediul a patru formaiuni punct de vedere geografic determinat sau zone: Teren Force atlantic (LFAA), cu sediul la CFB Halifax n Halifax, Nova Scotia; Teren Forei de Quebec Suprafaa (LFQA), cu sediul n Montreal, Quebec; Teren Forei de Zona Centrala (LFCA), situat la Denison arme din Toronto, Ontario, precum i a landului Forei de Vest Suprafata (LFWA), cu sediul n Edmonton, Alberta. Un tanc Leopard C1. n prezent, componenta regulate vigoare a LFC const din trei grupuri de brigada de cmp-gata: 1 canadian mecanizate Brigzii Grup, la CFB Edmonton i CFB Shilo; 2 canadian mecanizate Brigzii Grup, la CFB Petawawa i CFB Gagetown; i 5 canadian mecanizate Brigada Grupa , la CFB Valcartier i Quebec. Fiecare conine un regiment de fiecare de artilerie, armuri, precum i ingineri de lupta, trei batalioane de infanterie (toate scalate n manier britanic), semnale de unul pentru logistic, un escadron de sediul central /, precum i mai multe organizaii minore. O escadril tactice elicopter i o ambulan teren sunt co-localizate cu fiecare brigada, dar nu fac parte din structura de comand a lui brigada. Fiecare domeniu teren vigoare are, n plus fa de trupele regulate Force, forelor de rezerv a organizat ntr-un total de 10 grupuri de brigada de rezerv. LFAA i LFQA au fiecare cte dou grupuri de rezerv brigad, n timp ce LFCA i LFWA au trei bucata.

Centrele de formare majore i non-trupele brigaded exista la CFB Gagetown, ASU SaintJean (n prezent anexat la CFB la Montreal) i CFB Wainwright, care este acasa, la canadian manevr Centrul de Instruire i ofer stare-de-for-Art-on for de formare profesional n curs de pregtire pentru instalrile de peste mri. [modific] Air Command Articol principal: Canadian Forces Air Command Un CF-18A cu jet de vntoare. Canadian Forces Air Command (AIRCOM) (n limba francez: Force Arienne des canadiennes Forelor), este ramura aerially de funcionare ale CF. Condus de ef al Air Major, AIRCOM este desfurat la 13 baze din Canada, sub conducerea general a 1 Canadian Air Division, i constituie canadian NORAD Regiune. Baze aeriene majore sunt situate n British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, i facilitile Newfoundland i Labrador, n timp ce administrative i de comand-control sunt amplasate n Winnipeg i North Bay. O component canadian a NATO Airborne Early Warning Force este, de asemenea, cu baza la NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen lng Geilenkirchen, Germania. Aripi variaz n mrime de la cteva sute de mii de personal la mai multe. AIRCOM i Joint Task Force (Nord) (JTFN), menine, de asemenea, la diferite puncte n ntreaga regiune de nord a Canadei-un lan de locaii de a transmite de operare, fiecare capabil de a sprijini operaiunile de vntoare. Elemente de CF-18 escadrile periodic, pentru a implementa aceste aeroporturi pentru exerciii de formare de scurt sau de patrule suveranitatea arctice.

militare ce particip la misiuni n afara teritoriului naional Canada, potrivit surselor bibliografice consultate8, promoveaz o concepie deosebit n ceea ce privete regenerarea forelor sale armate i prin aceasta i structurile militare ce particip la executarea de misiuni internaionale sub egida NATO sau ONU. n deplin conformitate cu sursa citat se poate afirma c exist dou accepii ale conceptului de regenerarea structurilor/forelor militare. Mai nti, un sens larg, caz n care regenerarea se refer, de fapt, la ntreaga armat terestr i apoi, sensul restrns, ce privete strict regenerarea structurilor militare ce pot primi i ndeplini misiuni internaionale. Deoarece ambele sensuri sunt interesante i pline de nvminte prin obiectivele propuse,

prin modalitile de transpunere n practic, prin nsi organizarea procesului de transformare a armatei terestre canadiene ntr-o for supl, agil, capabil s execute misiuni8 Idem.

14 complexe n diferite teatre de operaii pe care le vom prezenta, n mod succint, n continuare. Transformarea i regenerarea armatei terestre a Canadei are n vedere ndeplinirea urmtoarelor obiective: gestionarea incidenei lipsurilor, potrivit unui ciclu de instrucie i de rotaie de 36 de luni pentru toate unitile; ameliorarea capacitilor de instrucie i de lupt ale armatei terestre, pentru a atinge un nivel ridicat de disponibilitate operaional; meninerea planurilor de programe de schimbare; experimentarea unui model provizoriu enunat n planul de transformare, care este un concept i nu o structur definitiv. Aici, apare ideea interesant de experiment social, prin care o msur important prin consecinele sale sociale, psihosociale i militare, este mai nti verificat, testat n activitatea practic de instruire i perfecionare profesional a efectivelor i apoi adoptat ca structur definitiv organizatoric i manier de lucru; punerea n practic a resurselor de instrucie ameliorate pentru a atinge o disponibilitate operaional ridicat. Regenerarea armatei terestre se desfoar conform unui plan. Elementele sale principale sunt: disponibilitate operaional administrat; antrenamente colective i individuale; serviciu de sprijin; integrarea forei de rezerv. Acest proces de regenerare va dura trei ani, timp n care se vor produce schimbrile stabilite n toate domeniile de activitate (personal militar i civil, nzestrare, instrucie individual i colectiv, antrenamente). n timpul perioadei de regenerare, unitile vor fi plasate ntr-un ciclu de gestionare a disponibilitii operaionale de 36 de luni. Acest ciclu va permite armatei terestre s dispun n permanen de echipamentele necesare i de trupe bine antrenate, mereu gata s fie desfurate. n acest scop, se ntreprind o serie de msuri de reorganizare a structurilor unitilor, n aa fel nct acestea s devin mai agile, mai suple i mai apte s fac fa noilor ameninri de astzi din teatrele