redundancy server

Gii php d phng cho server dng WinCC

Chng 3: WINCC - GII PHP D PHNG DNG WINCC GIAO TIP GIA WINCC V S7-300 3.1 Gii thiu v WinCC. WinCC l mt phn mm lp trnh hng i tng, mt trong nhng phn mm c dng thit k cc h thng iu khin, gim st v thu thp d liu(SCADA) mt cch hiu qu. WinCC c kh nng t cu hnh nhanh, l h thng hin i c th m rng thnh nhng h thng ln. WinCC c giao din thn thin vi ngi s dng, kh nng p ng chnh xc nhng cng vic t n gin n phc tp. Phn mm WinCC c vit bi hng Siemens, nh cung cp hng u trong lnh vc t ng ha, hin nay WinCC l mt trong nhng phn mm ng dng thit k h thng SCADA rt hiu qu v ang c ng dng rng ri trong lnh vc t ng ha.

Wincc Server

Wincc Server

Wincc Wincc client client

Wincc client

LAN Network

internet

Hnh 3.1: iu khin v gim st qua mng Profibus dng WinCC

Bin son: Ths. T Vn Phng


3.1.1 Chc nng ca WinCC. 3.1.1.1 Chc nng gim st. Wincc cho php ngi vn hnh theo di quy trnh sn xut trn mn hnh ha my tnh. Trong h thng iu khin v gim st, WinCC lun cp nht thng tin ca qu trnh sn xut mi khi c s thay i kp thi thng bo cho ngi vn hnh bit trng thi vn hnh hin ti ca h thng. 3.1.1.2 Chc nng iu khin. WinCC cho php ngi vn hnh thit lp nhng giao din iu khin HMI ph hp vi yu cu iu trn my tnh. Nh tnh nng vt tri ny ca WinCC m ngi vn hnh c th iu khin s hot ng ca ton b h thng trn giao din mn hnh my tnh m khng cn phi n ti v tr t thit b. 3.1.1.3 Chc nng cnh bo. Mt cnh bo s t ng thng bo cho ngi vn hnh khi c s c. Da vo c im ny, ngi vn hnh c th lp trnh a ra nhng tn hiu cnh bo trong nhng trng hp khn cp, gip ngi vn hnh nhanh chng x l nhng s c trong qu trnh sn xut, m bo an ton cho h thng. 3.1.1.4 Chc nng lu tr d liu. WinCC khng nhng iu khin, x l m cn lu tr ton b gi tr ca qu trnh sn xut v c th c in ra theo di. iu ny d dng cho vic truy cp d liu ca qu trnh sn xut bt c khi no s dng nhng lc cn thit. 3.1.2 Mt s i tng in hnh trong WinCC. 3.1.2.1 Driver kt ni. cho cc b iu khin lp trnh c th giao tip c vi WinCC th phi c cc Driver kt ni. Vic chn loi driver no giao tip gia WinCC vi cc b iu khin lp trnh l tu thuc vo thit b c s dng giao tip vi WinCC. Mt driver c nhiu kiu kt ni khc nhau, chng hn khi giao tip WinCC vi PLC



S7-300 th dng driver SIMATIC S7 PROTOCOL SUITE. Trong driver ny li nhiu giao tip nh: Giao tip qua cng MPI, giao tip qua Profibus hay giao tip dng giao thc ethernet..

Hnh 3.2: Driver kt ni WinCC vi PLC S7-300 c nhiu giao tip khc nhau. 3.1.2.2 Tags v Tags Group: WinCC x l, tnh ton, lu tr d liu v a ra nhng cnh bo cn thit u c thc hin thng qua cc Tag. C hai loi tag c s dng trong WinCC l tag ni(Internal tag) v tag ngoi(External tag) hay cn gi l tag qu trnh(Process tag). Nhng tag ni c s dng tnh ton, lu tr trong ni ti ca WinCC, tag ni khng giao tip vi cc b iu khin lp trnh bn ngoi. WinCC qun l tag ni thng qua tn ca tag v kiu d liu tng ng. Chnh v vy trong mt chng trnh th tn ca tag phi l c nht.



Tag ngoi hay cn gi l tag qu trnh l nhng vng nh bn trong b iu khin lp trnh hoc thit b m phng. V vy tag ngoi lun gn vi mt a ch v kiu d liu nht nh. WinCC qun l cc tag ngoi thng qua tn ca tag v a ch ca n. Nhm tag (tag group) dng t chc cc tag theo cu trc. Tt c cc tag thc hin mt cng vic hay mt nhm cng vic lin quan thng c t chc trong tag group gip cho ngi s dng qun l d liu c r rng. 3.1.2.3 Thit k giao din(Graphic Designer). Giao din l ni m ngi s dng dng nhng cng c h tr trong WinCC thit k cc ng dng ph hp vi yu cu ca h thng. Ngi s dng thng qua giao din ny iu khin cng nh gim st hot ng ca ton b h thng.

Hnh 3.3: Giao din dng thit k ng dng trong WinCC.



a) Color Palette: Thit lp mu cho i tng c chn. C 16 mu chun, tuy nhin c th dng mu ty thch do chnh bn nh ngha. b) Object Palete: Cha cc i tng chun ( Polygon, Ellipse, Rectangle,), cc i tng thong minh ( OLE control, OLE Elmnt, I/O Field,) v cc i tng Windows ( Button, Check Box,). c) Style Palette: thay i hnh thc ca i tng c chn. Tu vo kiu i tng, m ta c th thay i kiu ng thng hoc ng vin, rng ca ng thng hoc ng vin, kiu kt thc ca ng thng, hoc kiu t. d) Alignment Palette: Cho php thay i v tr ca mt hoc nhiu i tng, thay i v tr cc i tng chn c lin quan n i tng khc, hoc tiu chun ho chiu cao v b rng ca vi i tng. e) Zoom palette: Thit lp h s phng i (phn trm) cho s hot ng ca ca s. Cc h s phng i chun l: 8, 4, 1, 1/2, v 1/4. f) Menu Bar: Cha tt c cc trnh n lnh cho Graphic Designer. Nhng lnh khng c hiu lc c biu din bng mu xm. g) Toolbar: Cha cc nt thc hin nhanh nhiu lnh chung. h) Font Palette: Cho php thay i kiu font, kch thc, v mu trong i tng text, cng nh l mu ng thng ca cc i tng chun. i) Layer: Cho hin th mt lp trong 16 lp (Lp 0 n 15). Lp 0 c chn mc nh. 3.1.2.4 Kch bn tng th(Global script). Global script l ni m ngi s dng dng to ra cc hot ng (Action) khi c cc kch hot (trigger). C hai loi trigger c s dng kch hot trong Global script: Trigger dng Timer v trigger dng Tag.



Hnh 3.4: Mn hnh son tho ca Globle script. 3.1.3 Mt s hm hay s dng trong chng trnh. a) SetTagBit C php: BOOL SetTagBit(Tag Tag_Name, short int value); Ni dung: nh gi tr cho mt Tag c kiu d liu l Binary. b) SetTagByte C php: BOOL SetTagByte(Tag Tag_Name, BYTE value); Ni dung: nh gi tr cho mt Tag c kiu d liu l 8 bits khng du. c) SetTagSByte C php: BOOL SetTagSByte(Tag Tag_Name, signed char value); Ni dung: nh gi tr cho mt Tag c kiu d liu l 8 bits c du. Tng t cho cc hm SetTagWord, SettagDWord... d) GetTagBit



C php: BOOL SetTagBit(Tag Tag_Name); Ni dung: Ly gi tr hin ti ca mt Tag c kiu Binary. e) GetTagByte C php: BYTE GetTagByte(Tag Tag_Name); Ni dung: Ly gi tr ca mt Tag c kiu d liu l 8 bits khng du. f) GetTagSByte C php: Signed char GetTagSByte(Tag Tag_Name); Ni dung: Ly gi tr hin ti ca mt Tag c kiu d liu l 8 bits c du. Tng t cho cc hm GetTagWord, GetTagDWord... g) Thot khi WinCC: C php: BOOL ExitWinCC(); Ni dung: Thot khi chng trnh WinCC, k c WinCC Explorer



3.2 Gii php d phng cho h thng. 3.2.1 Gii php d phng ton din cho h thng iu khin v gim st. Trong nhng ng dng quan trng, cn s chnh xc, lin tc trong vic iu khin, thu thp v gim st d liu th ngi ta thng phi trang b thm h thng d phng nhm mc ch m bo cho h thng vn hot ng bnh thng trong trng hp xy ra s c. Mt h thng t c tin cy cao khi tt c cc thnh phn trong h thng iu khin u c thit k d phng hay cn gi l h thng d phng ton din.

Hnh 3.5: H thng d phng ton din

Trong thc t, tu theo tnh cht quan trng ca tng ng dung, kh nng ti chnh v k thut m h thng c thit k d phng cp no. Trong cc h thng thng c cc cp d phng nh sau: D phng cho module I/O, d phng cho BUS kt ni, d phng cho PC Server, d phng cho PLC lm Master hay d phng cho Slave.



3.2.2 D phng cho module I/O.

Hnh 3.6: D phng cho module I/O

H thng c d phng n gin nht l d phng cho module I/O. i vi h thng ny, hai module c s dng kt ni vi thit b ngoi vi. Hai module giao tip IM1 v IM2 kt ni v iu khin hai module kt ni vi h thng BUS. Do vy khi c mt module c s c th thit b ngoi vi vn trao i d liu vi h thng mt cch bnh thng. 3.2.3 D phng cho module I/O v BUS.

3.2.3.1 S kt ni phn cng.

Hnh 3.7: S kt ni d phng cho module v BUS



3.2.3.2 S chuyn mch khi xy ra s c.

Hnh 3.8: S chuyn mch ca module v BUS khi xy ra liD phng cho module I/O v BUS m bo cho h thng hot ng t c tin cy cao hn. Trong h thng ny mt module I/O v mt BUS c thm vo chy song song phc v vic trao i d liu vi thit b ngoi vi. Do vy ti mt thi im m no m c li xy ra ti module hay BUS th h thng vn hot ng bnh thng. 3.2.4 D phng cp server

3.2.4.1 S kt ni d phng cho server. Trong h thng d phng cp Server, hai server c s dng chy song song trong qu trnh iu khin, gim st v thu thp d liu. Mt server lun ch Master v mt server lun ch standby. Nu mt trong hai server xy ra s c th server cn li chim quyn lm master v thc hin vic iu khin v gim st h thng. V vy h thng c thit k d phng khng b gin on trong sut qu trnh vn hnh.



Server1 Server1

Server2

Hnh 3.9: S kt ni d phng cho server 3.2.4.2 S kt chuyn mch ca server khi xy ra li.

Hnh 3.10: S chuyn kt ni cho server khi xy ra li



3.3 H thng d phng dng WinCC. 3.3.1 H thng iu khin v gim st dng Wincc khng c chc nng d phng.

Client1

Client2

Client3

Client4

ServerServer

PLC1

PLC2

PLC2

PLC3

PLC3 PLC4

PLC4

Actuator, sensor

Actuator, sensor

Actuator, sensor

Actuator, sensor

Hnh 3.11: H thng iu khin dng wincc khng c d phng

Trong h thng hnh 3.11, cp iu khin (Control Level) c thc hin ti Client thng qua my ch Server, cp x l(Process Level) c thc hin ti cc PLC thng qua s iu khin t my ch. Trong mc iu khin c phn b thnh nhiu my tnh v c thc hin ti cc client. Nhng cng vic iu khin c phn b theo cu trc client-server. Server v client s trao i d liu vi nhau thc hin nhng cng vic theo yu cu ca ngi lp trnh.



3.3.2 Cng vic thc hin ti Server. Server iu khin hot ng ca h thng cng nh nhn nhng thng bo t nhng PLC nh kt ni vi PLC thng qua cc driver kt ni nh MPI, Profibus, Ethernet Server cung cp d liu x l n cc Client v nhn lnh iu khin t cc Client iu khin cc PLC hot ng theo yu cu. Thit b ngoi vi c gn vi cc PLC v hot ng theo s iu khin ca cc PLC. 3.3.3 Cng vic thc hin ti cc client. Nhng client vn hnh v gim st hot ng ca h thng. Nhng client thu thp nhng trng thi hin hnh cn thit t Server thng qua h thng mng my tnh PC. Nhn chung tt c cc client c th c cu hnh ngang hng v c quyn truy xut n Server nh nhau. Trong h thng khng c d phng thng gm c mt Server v mt hoc nhiu client. Tt c vic thu thp d liu hay iu khin thit b u thng qua server.Nhng client ly d liu thu thp t cc thit b lp trnh hay iu khin cc thit b u thng qua Server. 3.3.4 H thng iu khin v gim st dng wincc c d phng. WinCC cung cp mt chc nng rt c bit v hiu qu thit k h thng iu khin v gim st t c tin cy cao l chc nng d phng (Redundancy). Vi chc nng Redundancy h thng t ng c iu khin bng cch chy song song hai Server iu khin cng nh thu thp d liu, x l v iu khin hot ng ca cc PLC hay RTU.



Server1

Server2

Hnh 3.12: H thng iu khin dng wincc c d phng Trong h thng hnh 3.12, gi s server1(master server) v server2 (standby server) gim st qu trnh hot ng ca nhau, iu ny lm cho hai server nhn bit c server ang chy song song vi n c b li hay khng. Nu c mt server b li, nhng client s t ng chuyn t server ang ch master sang server ang ch standby. Kt qu l tt c cc client lun lm vic v c gi tr trong sut qu trnh iu khin v gim st h thng. Sau khi server b li c khi phc tr li th n s chc nng standby, ni dung ca tt c cc thng bo, nhng gi tr x l c copy t master server n standby



server. Lc ny master server v standby server u tham gia vo qu trnh thu thp, x l d liu v iu khin hot ng ca h thng. 3.3.5 Nhng thuc tnh, chc nng c bit ca Wincc h tr cho vic thit k h thng d phng(redundancy). 3.3.5.1 Cc thuc tnh h tr khi thit k redundancy Chn my tnh lm master server. Chn my tnh lm standby server. ng b tt c d liu sau khong thi gian gin on. ng b ca Tag logging sau khi standby server hot ng tr li. ng b ca Alarm logging sau khi standby server hot ng tr li.

Hnh 3.13: Cc thuc tnh ca wincc h tr khi thit k h thng d phng



ng b trc tuyn cho Alarm logging. ng b sau khi li kt ni c x l. Cc client t ng chuyn n my tnh d phng khi xy ra li.

3.3.5.2 Chc nng nhn i mt project (Project Dulucate). Chc nng Project Duplicate c h tr copy project t master server n redundancy server. Chc nng ny gip ngi thit k khng cn phi thit lp li project ngay t u m ch cn to mt ln ti master server.

Hnh 3.14: Chc nng Project Duplicate ca WinCC



Hnh 3.15: Duplicate project n standby server 3.3.5.3 Chc nng to gi d liu ca server s dng cho cc client.

Hnh 3.16: To gi d liu t server



3.3.5.4 Chc nng load gi d liu t master s dng cho client.

Hnh 3.17 : Load gi d liu t client



3.3.6 X l d liu trong h thng c chc nng Redundancy. 3.3.6.1 Hot ng ca hai server khi cha xy ra li. Khi cha c li xy ra, hai server hot ng song song, cng tham gia vo qu trnh iu khin v gim st ton b qu trnh hot ng ca h thng. Mi server c nhng kt ni x l v nhng lu tr d liu ring ca chnh n. D liu iu khin, x l v nhng thng bo c trao i gia cc PLC v RTU vi c hai server. Hai server gim st ln nhau trong qu trnh chy cho php nhanh chng pht hin ra server no c li xy ra, chc nng nhn bit ny c thc hin bi mt thng bo x l iu khin. Nhng thng bo vn hnh lin tc c ng b trc tip trong qu trnh chy. C hai server c quyn ngang nhau v lm vic c lp vi nhau. Chng u c gi tr i vi cc client nn nu mt server b li th server d phng lun lun c gi tr v chim gi quyn iu khin h thng. Vic kt ni gia hai server trong h thng d phng nhm mc ch gim st s lm vic v nhm mc ch ng b c thc hin qua mng LAN, hay cng ni tip. 3.3.6.2 Hot ng ca h thng khi server xy ra li. Nu mt server b li th server cn li nhanh chng chim quyn lm master v vn tip tc qu trnh nhn, x l v lu tr m bo s hot ng lin tc trong h thng. iu ny m bo tnh bo ton ca d liu. Nhng client s t ng chuyn t master server sang redundancy server, sau mt khong thi gian chuyn mch, tt c cc trm client u vn hnh bnh thng tr li. 3.3.6.3 Nhng nhn t kch hot s chuyn mch ca cc client.

Vic chuyn mch ca nhng client t master server n standby server trong thi gian master server b li c thc hin t ng bi h thng. S chuyn mch ca cc client xy ra khi xut hin cc li di y. Li do server(Li do phn mm WinCC). Li do server ( Li do phn cng ca Server gy ra).



Li do kt ni gia server vi cc client. Li do project khng c tch cc. 3.3.6.4 Nhng nhn t kch hot vic ng b lu tr.

Vic ng b lu tr gia hai Server s c kch hot sau khi nhng li di y c khc phc. Li kt ni x l ( Process connection error). Kt ni mng b ngt n standby Server. Project khng c chy. Project khng c m. Server b li hot ng tr li. Sau khi server b li hot ng tr li, server d phng s thc hin mt ng b lu tr cho khong thi gian m master server b li. D liu b mt do trong qu trnh xy ra li c khi phc nh vic truyn d liu t server d phng n master server. Hot ng ny lm cn bng v lm cho hai server hot ng bnh thng tr li. 3.3.7 Thit lp cu hnh cho h thng d phng dng WinCC. 3.3.7.1 Nhng iu kin tin quyt phi tun th khi thit lp cu hnh cho h thng d phng dng wincc. C hai my ch phi chy trn Windows2000 hay Windows2003. Nhng client c th chy trn Windows2000 hay WindowsXP. Nhng server c ng b l iu kin tin quyt u tin trong h wincc redundancy. Nhng thng bo v nhng xc nhn t nhng PLC v client phi lun lun cha ng mt du hiu c trng trnh s trng lp. Vic x l nhng gi tr v nhng thng bo t nhng PLC c gi song song n c hai my tnh server. Chc nng Redundancy phi c chn cho c hai my tnh server.



Nhng my tnh trong h thng d phng phi c cu hnh ng chc nng ca n. Nhng gi iu khin gim st x l ( Proccess monitoring control) nn c s dng. 3.3.7.2 phng. a. Cu hnh cho master server. To project trn master server(giao din, tag s dng, driver kt ni, chng trnh). ng k danh sch clients trong computer list ca master server. Thit lp nhng kt ni cn thit phc v trong h thng. Cp quyn iu khin cho cc client. Dng chc nng redundancy to master server v standby server. Tch cc s ng b v thi gian, kt ni. Chn chc nng server data to cc gi d liu cho cc client. Chn chc nng duplicate copy d n n partner server. c. Cu hnh standby server. M d n wincc c duplicate t master server. Thay i mt s thuc tnh cn thit. d. Cu hnh clients. To mt Project ti clients. Dng chc nng server data load nhng gi d liu (data package) c to t my ch. Chn server tham chiu cho client. 3.3.8 S vn hnh ca h thng c d phng. 3.3.8.1 My server chim quyn lm master khi khi ng. Cu hnh cho master server, standby server v cc client trong h thng d



Khi mi khi ng, server no khi ng trc th s chim quyn lm master server no khi ng sau th s trng thi standby server. Nu mt server chy trc th n s gi quyn master server cn server khi ng sau ng nhin s trng thi standby server. Khi server gi quyn lm master th tag h thng @RM_MASTER s c Set, ngc li server trng thi standby server th tag h thng @RM_MASTER c Reset. Cc client s kt ni vi master server iu khin v gim st h thng.

Client1

Client2

Client3

Client4

Server1

Server2

@RM-MASTER =1

@RM-MASTER =0

Hnh 3.18: Server1 trng thi Master, Server2 trng thi Standby 3.3.8.2 Chuyn mch ca client khi master xy ra li. Khi server1 ang master, server2 ang trng thi standby, gi s server1 b li nh: Project khng c tch cc, li kt ni t server1 ti cc client, t server1 n



h thng t ng hay server1 b mt ngun, server2 nhanh chng chuyn trng thi t standby sang master v gi quyn iu khin h thng lc ny tag h thng @RM_MASTER cng s thay i tng ng. Cc client chuyn kt ni n server2.

Client1

Client2

Client3

Client4

Server2 Server1

@RM-MASTER =0

@RM-MASTER =1

Hnh 3.19: Server2 trng thi Master, Server1 b li 3.3.8.3 Hot ng ca client khi master hot ng tr li. Sau khi server1 c khc phc th n vn trng thi standby ng thi tham gia vo qu trnh iu khin, x l v thu thp d liu. Trong qu trnh vn hnh, nu server2 xy ra li th server1 chim quyn lm master v cc client li chuyn kt ni n server1 iu khin h thng.



Client1

Client2

Client3

Client4

Server1

Server2

@RM-MASTER=1

@RM-MASTER=0

Hnh 3.20: Server1 tr li trng thi Master, Server2 b li. 3.6 Giao tip gia WinCC v PLC S7-300. C nhiu cch nh giao tip gia WinCC vi PLC S7-300 nh: Giao tip qua cng MPI, giao tip qua Profibus v gia tip qua ethernet..Mi loi giao tip u c nhng u, nhc im ca n. Giao tip qua cng MPI th n gin, d thc hin nhng tc truyn khng cao (38,4kbs). Giao tip qua Profibus th tc truyn rt ln(12Mbps) nhng chi ph cho card Profibus rt t. Giao tip qua ethernet th tc truyn c th t c 100Mbps, cho php nhiu my tnh tham gia, nhng PLC phi c CP 343-1 mi kt ni c.



Khi s dng giao tip MPI th ch vic dng cp MPI kt ni t cng COM ca my tnh n cng MPI ca PLC v chn tc truyn l 19,2kbps hay 38,4kbps l giao tip c. i vi giao tip dng Profibus th cn phi gn card giao tip CP 5611 hay CP 5613 vo my tnh sau ci driver, gn cp profibus, chn tc truyn ph hp l c th giao tip c. Di y s trnh by cch thc thit lp giao tip gia WinCC v S7-300 qua ethernet v y cng chnh l cch giao tip c la chn thit k h thng trong ti. giao tip gia WinCC v S7-300 qua ethernet cn phi thc hin cc th tc di y. 3.6.1 Cu hnh phn cng cho PLC S7-300.

Hnh 3.21: V d cch cu hnh phn cng cho S7-300



Cu hnh phn cng s dng hnh 3.19 gm: Ngun, CPU 315-2DP lm master trong mng profibus c 4 slave, Module Digital, module Analog, CP 342-5 dng kt ni Profibus v CP 343-1 dng kt ni ethernet. 3.6.2 Chn ng dn PLC S7-300 truy xut d liu qua ethernet dng Cp 343-1. Chn S7-300 giao tip vi my tnh trc tip qua card mng c gn trn my tnh. Trong hnh 3.20 card mng c chn giao tip vi S7-300 l Realtek RTL8139

Hnh 3.22: Chn ng dn truy xut d liu cho PLC S7-300

3.6.3 Thit lp mng ethernet, a ch MAC v a ch IP cho CP 343-1. S7-300 c th giao tip vi my tnh qua ethernet dng a ch MAC hay a ch IP. a ch MAC l a ch duy nht cho mi thit b v do nh sn xut cung cp, cn a ch IP th ngi s dng c th khai bo, thay i trong qu trnh s dng.



Hnh 3.23: Thit lp a ch MAC v IP cho CP 343-1. 3.6.4 Thit lp s byte truyn, nhn v tc truyn cho CP 343-1.

Hnh 3.24: Thit lp tc v s byte truyn cho CP 343-1.



3.6.5 To mt Project trn WinCC v thit lp driver kt ni cho WinCC.

Hnh 3.25: Thit driver kt ni cho WinCC. Ch : a ch ca kt ni s dng trong driver chnh l a ch ca CP 343-1 thit lp trn S7-300. 3.6.6 Chn ng dn WinCC truy xut d liu vi PLC S7-300 Chn ng dn WinCC truy xut d liu vi PLC S7-300 qua ethernet. Hnh 3.24 chn ng truy xut d liu l card mng c gn trn my tnh, cch chn ny phi ging vi cch chn ng dn cho PLC S7-300 giao tip vi WinCC.



Hnh 3.26: Chn la tn thit b dng truyn d liu n S7-300 cho WinCC


redundancy server

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