Reduction in losses incurred in power distribution

2IntroductionThe key mission of the Distribution function is to purchase and sell electrical and gas power. This is accounted for on a monthly basis through purchases from electricity producers through the electricity conveyance network and sales to two categories of users:Users, supplied under Medium Voltage (MV) regime and who billed on a monthly basis.Users, supplied under Low Voltage (LV) regime, who billed on a quarterly basis.The quantities of power procured during a given month are not sold out. As a result, the control of energy losses is a daily challenge to be addressed.

Introduction

Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Long-term actions

Conclusion

Synchronous measurements

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

3Introduction

This analysis seeks to:

Gather knowledge on the origin of

losses;

Come up with actions to be taken to

ensure reduction in such losses, for:

 

A better productivity of the

distribution network as a whole;

The increase in the billing ratio;

A better control of investment

decisions.

Introduction

Formula for losses

Conclusion

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

4The formula for losses

Purchases

For MV users

For LV users

Losses

SalesIntroduction

Formula for losses

Losses = Purchases - Sales

Losses Rate of losses=

Purchases

Conclusion

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

5The formula for losses

Introduction

Formula for losses

Conclusion

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

6

Loss component

s

Technical losses

MV technical losses (lines+transformers) (LMV)

LV technical lossess (LLV)

Technical losses to due exchanges (LTransit)

Losses due to the gap between purchases and sales

Energy fraud or theft

Level of management quality (Lmanagement)

Non-technical losses:

Loss components

Introduction

Formula for losses

Conclusion

Other actions

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

7Actions to undertake

Introduction

Formula for losses

Enforcement of daily management

rules and procedures by the various

stakeholders,

Monitoring, control and reporting on

management actions

Actions to be undertaken must

revolve around two (2) key thrusts:

Conclusion

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

8

Purchase control

Sales control

Daily actions

Short-term actions

Perform the monthly adversarial recording of meter readings at the level of MV/LV stations,

Read the meter at the upstream MV feeder,

Record the inter DD and inter agency exchange points

Ensure the smooth functioning of meters;

Ensure reliable meter reading;

Process reported cases efficiently;

Set up anti-fraud brigades;

Secure facilities; Process with diligence

claims concerning meter-reading /billing.

Sum up actions to be undertaken;

Facilitate the implementation of the short and medium term action plan;

Prioritise actions that help optimise results.

Introduction

Formula for losses

Conclusion

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

9

Introduction

Conclusion

Synchronous measurement

Why synchronous?

The reading (PD substations and users) is performed concurrently, that is simultaneously

Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

10Synchronous measurement

Introduction

Conclusion

Splitting Distribution Directorates

(DDs) into regions : North, Highlands

and South;

Splitting DDs into rural or urban

localities;

Listing the number of substations

per DD and determine each DD’s

weight ;

Determine the number of

substations or feeders which will be

measured.

The implementation strategy

involves: Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

11Synchronous measurement

Introduction

Conclusion

Once the sample determined by the heads of the Distribution Directorate, the reading

campaign can be launched.

Action 1

Install meters on the outlet of PD substation transformers and consider

them as « virtual Medium Voltage users ». One may thus compare the

energy recorded by the feeder meter with the sums of energy recorded on the

meters for all MV users and potential MV users.

Action 2

Install meters on the outlet of PD substation transformers. We will thus be able to find out “the procurement by the

substation”. To compare the energy recorded by the meter(s) of the

substation with the sum of energy recorded on the meters for all LV users.

Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

12Organisation of synchronous measures

HV/MV substation

E

MV Station

PD Substation

Joint substation

E1

E3

E4

En

MV StationE2

Identify the problematic

switchyard (the most disrupted)

Energy E = ∑ of energies (En)+technical and non-technical MV losses

Compute the consumption of these substations for the month (∑En);

Feeder 3 Feeder 4 Feeder 1 Feeder 2

List the substations linked to the targeted feeder

Install the meter downstream of the MV/LV transformer for at least one month (Winter and Summer time);

Perform the first reading on the fist day of the month for all the substations linked to this feeder;

Perform the last reading on the last day of the month for all the stations linked to this feeder;

Record the index of the totalizing meter (E);

Assess the MV losses

13Synchronous measurements

PD substation (MV/LV)E3

e1

E3= ∑ ei

E3=LV Sales + LossesLV Technical + LossesLV non-technical

ei

e2

e4

Feeder 2Problematic feeder Introduction

Conclusion

Categorise abnormalities noted (management, fraud, …);

Quantify the energy lost per category (using the specific consumption of the sample);

Assess the energy to make up for

Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

Long-term actions

14Synchronous measurements

Introduction

Conclusion

SDx

DCM

DD

Commercial Agency

Decision-making

Work coordination company-wide

Supervision of works in the field (1st entity in charge)

Monitoring and collection of data ensuing from the measurement campaign

For a successful campaign of synchronous

measures conducted within each

Distribution company, one should have all

the required (human, logistic…) resources.

Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

15Long-term actions

Introduction

Conclusion

Upgrading of the electricity distribution network to: Ensure the accuracy of measurements (decrease in human interventions through the dematerialization of the reading process);Identify reading problems (remote surveillance of meters); Reduce the rate of losses incurred by Distribution Directorates;Improve services provided to customers; Control inter-utility, inter-Distribution Directorate and inter-commercial agency exchange flows;Put in place a measurement system for all public distribution stations; Develop services provided to customers (reviews and studies)

Remote reading

MV remote readingMV remote reading

LV remote readingLV remote reading

Objectives for 2013Objectives for 2013

Objectives for 2016Objectives for 2016

Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

16Long-term actions

Introduction

Conclusion

The active participation in meetings

planned by local authorities (town

planning, infrastructure and housing

development, land selection, etc.…);

The holding of meetings with

(neighbourhood, professional

associations…) and local authorities

depending on the problem to be solved

(fraud, safety, energy control, etc.…).

Other actions

An effective action plan requires notably the implementation of a communication plan at

the level of each Distribution Directorate and this must translated into:

Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability

17Conclusion

Introduction

Conclusion

The losses of distributed and

unaccounted for power can impact

the financial profitability of

Distribution utilities and service

quality. It is relevant therefore to

measure on an ongoing basis the

indicators identified in the

measurement analyses

undertaken.

Formula for losses

Short-term actions

Loss components

Synchronous measurements

Long-term actions

Implementation

Organisation

Means and accountability