Genetic Engineering & GM FSamiSami

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ContentContent•Introduction to Genetic Engineering

•Process of GE

•Applications of GE

•Genetically Modified Crop

•Benefits of GMC

•Risks of GMC

•Labelling of GMC

Genetic Engineering

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Transgenes are inserted by using vectors like:

•Bacterial Plasmids

•Biolistic •Viruses

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Restriction Enzymes & Plasmids

Gene gun

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In Biolistic usage, a microscopic gold beads coated with a transgene & shot into the cell with a pulse of helium.Inside, transgene comes off the bead and integrates into the cell's genome through transcription

Medical Application Production of pharmaceuticals:

n Treatment of diseases (human insulin & antibiotics).

n Disease prevention. (hepatitis B vaccine)

Clonal propagation: a source of tissue or organ for transplantation avoid all problems of immunoin-compatibility

Gene therapy: Artificially replace the disease-causing gene with a normal allele. By using a virus vector to the target tissues.

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Industrial Applications Use of GM MO to make stone-wash jeans & to

produce detergents. GM MO with enhanced ability to break down

environmental pollutants (E. coli to break down cellulose)

Fast growing Salmon

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Tomato cellFish cell

Fish DNA

Denucleated fish egg

Agricultural Application Addition of Bt gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, as

insecticide. First whole GM food (Flavr Savr)

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GMCSelective breading slow imprecise modification of genes occurs naturally uncontrollable crops Hidden traitsGE very fast precise we introduce genes into an organism increased food security for growth challenges complete coding genome knowledge05/03/07 10

GMC Increase yields & more efficient use of lands Increase the tolerance to adverse growing conditions Reduced maturation time & Longer shelf life Improve the nutrient composition Improved resistance to disease, pests, weeds and

herbicides Improve sensory attributes Improve processing characteristics so as to reduce

wastage and environmental bills. Eliminate allergenicity Phytochemicals enhanced Saves money and promotes higher profits

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Effects of GMC Production of toxin in pollen Newly formed dangerous pathogens, super weeds

& super pests Triggering of catastrophic ecological imbalance Inevitable out-crossing of transgenics’ with

natures’ Unknown effect on men. Domination of world food production by few

companies & rich countries Having enough but un fairly distributed

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Pros and Cons of labeling systems

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Bibliography

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The National Biotechnology Information Facility, New Mexico State UniversityThe Science and Environmental Health Network, http://www.sehn.orghttp://www.Bio-Rad.comhttp://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtmlhttp://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/pbo/pbobbve.shtmlhttp://www.bayercropscience.com/bayer/cropscience/cscms.nsf/id/OurCustomershttp://allergies.about.com/library/blificbio.htmDraper, D. (2002). Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective 2nd Ed. Scarborough: Thompson Canada Lmt.

Thank you