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Reclamation of Contaminated Soil After Solidification/Stabilization

Treatment

Example of port pavement optimization in the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal

JEAN-PHILIPPE BOUDREAULT, ENG. ÉCOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE SUPÉRIEURE JEAN-SÉBASTIEN DUBÉ, ENG., PH.D. ÉCOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE SUPÉRIEURE HUGO BRASSARD, ENG. MONTREAL PORT AUTHORITY

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Boudreault et al National Workshop on Marine Infrastructure, February 3, 2016

PART I:

Introduction to solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment

PART II:

Project carried out in the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal PART III:

Optimization of pavement design by value-added integration of S/S treatment

CONCLUSIONS


PART I: INTRODUCTION TO SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION

TREATMENT

INTRODUCTION TO S/S TREATMENT


S/S TREATMENT •  Consists of incorporating a binding reagent (e.g. cement), water and

additives into the contaminated material to render it environmentally safe (immobilization of contaminants)

DOUBLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION •  Stabilization: chemical changes that reduce the solubility of

contaminants •  Solidification: physical changes leading to encapsulation of the soil

in a cement matrix, reduction of its hydraulic conductivity and an increase in its strength

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S/S TREATMENT HAS BEEN USED FOR OVER 50 YEARS •  1950s for treatment of radioactive waste; •  1970s for treatment of hazardous waste.

S/S TREATMENT IS PROVEN FOR SEVERAL TYPES OF MATRICES •  Soils, sediments, sludge, residual materials.

S/S IS APPLIED IN MANY COUNTRIES •  Canada, United States, Europe (France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, etc.)

S/S TREATMENT IS DEMONSTRATED FOR SEVERAL TYPES OF CONTAMINANTS •  Metal contamination (main use); •  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); •  Persistent organics: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans; •  Tar, refinery residues, etc.

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SUPERFUND – U.S. From 1982 to 2008: 22% of the treatment projects

completed resorted to solidification/stabilization

Source: USEPA, 2010

Rated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as Best Demonstrated Available Technology for inorganic contamination

S/S TREATMENT: IN SITU PROCESS


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S/S TREATMENT: EX SITU PROCESS


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Treatability study Laboratory

In situ pilot test

Full-scale treatment

Site characterization

Phased treatment process



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§  Compression strength §  Tensile strength §  Durability (freeze/thaw or wetting/

drying cycle) §  Hydraulic conductivity §  Relative compaction §  Density and water content §  Absorption and particle density §  Granulometric analysis

Physical tests Chemical tests

§  Total extractable concentrations §  Static leaching (TCLP, SPLP, water) §  Dynamic leaching (diffusivity) §  Solubility of contaminants §  Acidity neutralization capacity §  Mineralogical analyses

Quality control program


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PART II: PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN THE VIAU SECTOR OF THE PORT

OF MONTREAL

REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL


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Project context

  Need: -  Increase container storage capacity in the

Port of Montreal to support the growing demand

  Objective: -  Requalify the Viau Sector as a container

storage sector with a capacity of 150,000 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent units)

  Work: -  Overall project of $30.6 million -  Area of around 90,000 m2

-  Project divided into three phases



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Summary of the work

PHASE 1: Soil consolidation   Demolitions of existing buildings and

infrastructure

  Reconstruction of main infrastructure (power grid and mains)

  Surface compaction for the zone above the caissons

  Dynamic compaction



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PHASE 2: Relocation of the railway tracks

  Construction of new marshalling yard

for the grain terminal

  Construction of a new link with the existing railway system

Summary of the work



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PHASE 3: Site development   Construction of underground

infrastructure: storm sewer, aqueduct, power grid

  Construction of the new pavement structure

  Construction of driving surfaces and manoeuvring areas

  Development of new LED lighting towers

Summary of the work



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PAVEMENT THICKNESS •  Very high costs for construction of the new port pavement

-  Costs related to soil excavation

-  Costs related to burial of contaminated soil

-  Costs related to importing of a considerable quantity of granular materials

PROPOSED SOLUTION: Reuse of contaminated soil as a subbase material following solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment

Problem



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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 1: Construction of a reserve pile of contaminated soil



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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 2: Mixing in a mobile pugmill



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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 3: Transport and placement of treated soil



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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 4: Compaction and wet curing of treated soil



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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 5: Quality control (core sampling and production of specimens)



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S/S monolith recovered during curing

S/S monolith exposed after curing

S/S treatment of contaminated soil General views of the site (S/S work in progress)


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•  DURATION OF S/S TREATMENT: •  3 weeks (day and night)

•  TOTAL VOLUME OF S/S MONOLITHIC MASS: •  19,000 m3 (area of about 65,000 m2)

•  PERFORMANCE TESTS: •  44 test series (~1 series/500 m3) and additional core sampling on site

•  QUANTITY OF TREATED SOIL •  35,000 m.t. of contaminated soil subjected to S/S treatment

S/S treatment of contaminated soil Large-scale S/S treatment




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TEST PROJECT CRITERION MDDEFP CRITERION

PHYSICAL TESTS Tensile strength (at 28 days) > 1.8 MPa -

Compression strength (at 28 days)

> 3.5 MPa > 3.5 MPa

Hydraulic conductivity < 10-7 cm/s < 10-7 cm/s

Physical alteration < 10% loss of material at 21 cycles (freeze/thaw)

< 10% loss of material at 12 cycles (optional)

CHEMICAL TESTS

SPLP leaching < potability criteria < potability criteria

Water leaching < potability criteria < potability criteria

Diffusivity (leachability index) > 9 > 9

Performance criteria specific to the project

S/S treatment of contaminated soil


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PART III: OPTIMIZATION OF PAVEMENT DESIGN BY VALUE-ADDED

INTEGRATION OF S/S TREATMENT

Taken from the presentation made at the 49th Annual Congress of the Association québécoise des transports (Boudreault et al, 2014)

EXAMPLE OF PAVEMENT OPTIMIZATION


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RUBBER-TIRED GANTRY CRANE FRONT-END LOADER

  Number of trips projected for the new port pavement -  Rubber-tired gantry crane: 200,000 trips over 20 years -  Front-end loader: 80,000 trips over 20 years -  Tractor-trailer: 3,000,000 trips over 20 years

TRACTOR-TRAILER

Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal

Traffic loads


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Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal

Overall structure (container storage and handling)

Preliminary design (975 mm thickness) Optimized design (810 mm thickness)

Granular material MG20

Asphalt pavement 210 mm

300 mm

300 mm

Water table

Subgrade

S/S Monolith

810

mm



Asphalt pavement 225 mm

300 mm

450 mm

975

mm

Boudreault et al. Atelier national sur les infrastructures maritimes, 3 février 2016

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Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal Structural analysis of the pavement

Comparison of the overall pavement structures

LOAD

Rubber-tired gantry crane

Front-end loader

Tractor-trailer

Number of admissible trips

152 000

200 000

4 194 000

Preliminary design (975 mm)


62 000

117 000

3 414 000

Optimized design with S/S (810 mm) and degradation


256 000

322 000

4 377 000

Optimized design with S/S (810 mm)

Number of admissible trips = Pavement durability

x 161 %

x 168 %

x 104 %


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Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal Modelling of stresses transmitted to the S/S monolith

LOAD

Rubber-tired gantry crane

Front-end loader

Tractor-trailer

Stress at the base of the S/S monolith

0,7 MPa

0,9 MPa

0,2 MPa

Optimized design with S/S (810 mm)

Serves to establish a physical perfomance criterion


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Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal Drainage system of the pavement


Asphalt pavement

S/S Monolith

Perforated drain connected to the manhole

Opening in the S/S monolith at the lowest points

Water flow

S/S TREATMENT MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO REALIZE:


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- CONSIDERABLE SAVINGS ON AN ENTIRE PROJECT -  Estimated at approximately $2.1 million by the Port of Montreal (over a project phase of

approximately $5 million) for redevelopment of the Viau Sector

- CONSTRUCTION OF A DURABLE PAVEMENT -  Increase in the structural strength of the foundation of the port pavement compared

to a conventional pavement

-  Increase in the pavement’s lifespan (increased number of admissible trips)

- SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED SOIL

-  Safe on site reclamation of contaminated soil

-  Long-term control of the risks of migration of contamination

-  Reduction of transport and off site burial of contaminated soil

-  Minimization of importing of clean (and/or granular) materials for backfilling

-  Reduction of transport-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

THANK YOU!

JEAN-PHILIPPE BOUDREAULT, ENG. [email protected]

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