Rebellions of Upper and

Lower CanadaTextbook Answers p. 159-

161

Ms. Reid Ms. Reid Canadian History 11Canadian History 11

1.1. Explain the significance of Lord Explain the significance of Lord Durham’s Report on the Affairs of British Durham’s Report on the Affairs of British North America.North America.

••Demands for political Demands for political reformreform

••Contained Contained recommendations for recommendations for change based on issues change based on issues that sparked the 1837 that sparked the 1837 rebellions in Upper and rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada.Lower Canada.

2. When Britain refused to act on the 2. When Britain refused to act on the recommendations, what did Joseph Howe recommendations, what did Joseph Howe do?do?

•• He wrote a series of public He wrote a series of public letters to the colonial secretary in letters to the colonial secretary in London.London.

3.3. What did Earl Grey introduce What did Earl Grey introduce to British North America? Explain.to British North America? Explain.

• • Responsible Government = A form Responsible Government = A form of government in which a Cabinet, of government in which a Cabinet, selected from the larger group of selected from the larger group of elected representatives, acts as the elected representatives, acts as the executive and makes decisions for executive and makes decisions for which it is collectively responsiblewhich it is collectively responsible

• • He informed the colonial He informed the colonial governors that if the party in power governors that if the party in power lost a general election, the governor lost a general election, the governor was to select a new executive was to select a new executive council from the members of the council from the members of the new party.new party.

4.4. Discuss the election that was Discuss the election that was first to invoke this policy.first to invoke this policy.• Nova Scotia 1847Nova Scotia 1847• Reformers won 29 seats Reformers won 29 seats

compared to the Tories 22 seatscompared to the Tories 22 seats• There was a vote of non-There was a vote of non-

confidence against the Tory confidence against the Tory governmentgovernment

• JB Uniacke was the leader of the JB Uniacke was the leader of the Reform Party and he became Reform Party and he became the premier.the premier.

• In 1848, he replaced the In 1848, he replaced the executive council with members executive council with members of his own party and now of his own party and now responsible government was a responsible government was a reality in NSreality in NS

5. Explain the roots of discontent in Upper 5. Explain the roots of discontent in Upper and Lower Canada.and Lower Canada.

• The Constitutional Act of The Constitutional Act of 1791 placed the elected 1791 placed the elected assemblies under the assemblies under the control of the appointed control of the appointed councils.councils.

• This gave the real power to This gave the real power to the administrators, who the administrators, who acted on their own acted on their own interests.interests.

• In Lower Canada, most the In Lower Canada, most the elected members were elected members were French, but the appointed French, but the appointed members were English.members were English.

6.6. A. Who did the conservatives A. Who did the conservatives support? support? B. What did the reformers B. What did the reformers want?want?

• A. Colonial GovernorsA. Colonial Governors

• B. Demanded elected assembliesB. Demanded elected assemblies

7.7. A. Who were the ruling elite in Lower A. Who were the ruling elite in Lower Canada? B. Upper Canada?Canada? B. Upper Canada?

• • A. Chateau CliqueA. Chateau Clique

•B. Family CompactB. Family Compact

8.8. Who was Louis-Joseph Papineau? Who was Louis-Joseph Papineau?

• Member of the colonial aristocracyMember of the colonial aristocracy

• Leader of the Parti patrioteLeader of the Parti patriote

• In 1834, issued the Ninety-two Resolutions In 1834, issued the Ninety-two Resolutions outlining a list of demands of political outlining a list of demands of political reform.reform.

9.9. What were the Ten What were the Ten Resolutions of 1837?Resolutions of 1837?

• The Ten Resolutions declared that the The Ten Resolutions declared that the executive councils were responsible to the executive councils were responsible to the governor rather than to the elected governor rather than to the elected assembliesassemblies

• Upper Canada reformerUpper Canada reformer

• Newspaper editorNewspaper editor

• His editorials repeatedly His editorials repeatedly attacked the power and attacked the power and privileges of the Family privileges of the Family Compact.Compact.

• The ruling elite resorted to The ruling elite resorted to corrupt tactics in the election of corrupt tactics in the election of 1836. MacKenzie rallied a 1836. MacKenzie rallied a group of rebels to march in group of rebels to march in Toronto.Toronto.

10.10. Who was William Lyon Who was William Lyon MacKenzie?MacKenzie?

• British forces defeated themBritish forces defeated them

11. Why were the Rebellions 11. Why were the Rebellions short-lived?short-lived?

• John George Lambton, Earl of DurhamJohn George Lambton, Earl of Durham

12.12. Who was sent to become the Who was sent to become the governor-general of the colonies?governor-general of the colonies?

• That the colonies have the That the colonies have the same democratic rights as same democratic rights as the British citizensthe British citizens

• Upper and lower Canada Upper and lower Canada should be united under should be united under one governmentone government

• He believed that the He believed that the assimilation of the assimilation of the Canadiens with the Canadiens with the English speaking colonists English speaking colonists would be to their benefitwould be to their benefit

13.13. What did Durham recommend in his What did Durham recommend in his Report on the Affairs of British North Report on the Affairs of British North America?America?