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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 1 Reasons for Studying Child Development Recognize the importance of primary care relationships Provides quality curriculum through routine care environment Recognize that each child is unique Have realistic expectations of young children Provide developmentally appropriate play and learning activities Provides safe environments Monitors progress to detect delays Supports relationships with families Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Page 1: Reasons for Studying Child Development - Early Care and ... · Reasons for Studying Child Development Recognize the importance of primary care relationships Provides quality curriculum

Lesson 1: Visual Aid 1

Reasons for StudyingChild Development

▸ Recognize the importance of primary carerelationships

▸ Provides quality curriculum through routinecare environment

▸ Recognize that each child is unique

▸ Have realistic expectations of young children

▸ Provide developmentally appropriate playand learning activities

▸ Provides safe environments

▸ Monitors progress to detect delays

▸ Supports relationships with families

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 2

DevelopmentalAge Divisions

Young Infant – birth to 8 months

Mobile Infant – 8 months to 18 months old

Toddler – 18 to 36months

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 3

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 4

Hand That Rocks the Cradle

The handthat rocks the cradle

is thehand that rules

the world.

Written by American PoetWilliam Ross Wallace

(1819-1881)

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 5

Basic Routines Can Include:

▸ Arrivals and departures

▸ Meal time and eating

▸ Diapering, toileting and dressing

▸ Play activities (indoor and outdoor)

▸ Napping and sleeping

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 6

Erikson’s Developmental Stages

Developmental Stage

Goal forDevelopment

Infants. . . . . . . . . . . . . Trust verses Mistrust

Toddler. . . . . . . . . . . . Autonomy verses Shameand Doubt

Preschoolers. . . . . . . Initiative verses Guilt

School Age Child. . . . Industry verses Inferiority

Adolescent. . . . . . . . . Identity verses RoleConfusion

Young Adult. . . . . . . . Intimacy verses Isolation

Adulthood. . . . . . . . . . Generativity versesStagnation

Maturity. . . . . . . . . . . . Integrity verses Despair

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 7

Attachment Phases

Attachment – The strong emotional tie feltbetween child and caregiver

Age Characteristics Behavior

4 Months

Can track mothervisually.

Reacts more to the motheror other familiar caregiverwith smiles andvocalization than to others.

9 Months

May experienceseparation orstranger anxiety.

Cries when left or if astranger approaches andwants to hold the baby.

2-3Years

Continues to showthe attachmentbehaviors ofseparation anxiety.

Has a better awareness ofthe world around him/herand notices and anticipateswhat is about to happenwhen a parent leaves butstill may become upset.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 8

Importance of Infant/Toddler Caregiving

▸ New research has revealed that caregiving, the routine of caring, is the key to brain development.

▸ Caregivers are much more than babysitters.

▸ Caregivers partner with parents because first adults affect brain development at a most critical time.

▸ Care given now promotes all development.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 9

Principles of Development

1. All domains important

2. Follows sequence

3. Varying rates

4. Growth and experience important

5. Early experience has effect

6. Simple to complex

7. Relationships important

8. Influenced by social and cultural

9. Learn in variety of ways

10. Play is important

11. Challenges and practice advancelearning

12. Experiences shape learning

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 1: Visual Aid 10

Scribbling is Important

Scribbling Is Important

I learn to babble before I talk, I learn to crawl before I walk,

I learn to scribble before I draw, I learn to draw before I write.

by Laverne NelsonUniversity of Arkansas

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

Lesson 1: Visual Aid 11

Nature and Nurture

NATURE (heredity) — The passingof genetic characteristics from parentto child.

NURTURE (environment) — Theexternal conditions that surroundchildren and affect the way theydevelop.

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Lesson 2: Visual Aid 1

Primary Teeth Eruption Chart~The Infant~

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 2: Visual Aid 2

Newborn to Adulthood:Changes in Proportions

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 2: Visual Aid 3

Motor Skill Development Principle

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 2: Visual Aid 4

Gains muscle strength inarms and legs

Gains control of thehead

Raises torso with arms

Attains sitting position

Applying Principle ofDevelopment to Sitting

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 2: Visual Aid 5

Piaget’s Substages of theSensorimotor Period

Stage CharacteristicsSubstage 1Birth to 1 month

▸ Exercises inbornreflexes.

▸ Does not comprehendself as a separateperson.

Substage 21 to 4 months

▸ Develops eye-handcoordination.

▸ Combines reflexes.

Substage 34 to 8 months

▸ Acts intentionally tocreate results.

▸ Has improved eye-hand coordination.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 2: Visual Aid 6

Attachment Phases:Young Infant

Preattachment –Birth to six weeks

A caring adult learns the unique rhythms ofthe infant. Understanding, consistent caregiven by a primary caregiver helps thisbond and trust to develop. When the infantcries, the adult quickly and lovingly attendsto the need.

Attachment in the Making –Six weeks to six-eight months

A relationship is growing strong with afamiliar caregiver, but the infant doesn’tprotest when left. The caregiver continuesto provide loving, consistent responses tothe infant’s needs.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 2: Visual Aid 7

Daily Schedule for Infants

Time Activity7:15 Greeting/Health checks/Self-selected

activities

8:00 Breakfast/Self-selected activities in room

8:30 Indoor play activities/Diaper checks

9:45 Outdoor free play/Walk/Activities/Diaperchecks/Naps

11:00 Lunch

11:30 Diaper checks/Naps/Free play outside orporch/Activities

2:00 Transition to snack/Handwashing

2:15 Snack

2:30 Indoor free play/Diaper checks/Naps

3:00 Outdoor play/Diaper checks

4:15 Indoor play/Diaper checks

4:30 Parent pick-up

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 3: Visual Aid 1

Primary Teeth Eruption Chart~The Mobile Infant~

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual page 105

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Lesson 3: Visual Aid 2

These words were used repetitively to capitalizeon this stage of development in a diaperadvertisement. The message was that babieshave more things to worry about than thecondition of their diapers and highlights theirunsteady first attempts at walking.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 3: Visual Aid 3

Mobility, Curiosity andCause and Effect

Mobility – The ability to move allows the infantto reach and examine objects.

Curiosity – Curiosity, or interest, gives theinfant a reason to go exploring.

Cause and effect – Cause (action) creates aneffect (event or happening).

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 3: Visual Aid 4

Piaget’s Substages of theSensorimotor Period

Stage Characteristics

Substage 48 to 12 months

Begins to solve simpleproblems (moving anobstacle to reach a toy).

Can find objects thatare partially hidden.

Imitates others.

Substage 512 to 18 months

Can find hidden objects. Experiments and

explores (shakingseveral toys to hear thesounds they make).

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 3: Visual Aid 5

Attachment Phases

Attachment – The strong emotional tie feltbetween child and caregiver

Phase AgePreattachment Young infants

Birth to 6 weeks

Attachment inthe making

Young infants6 weeks to 6-8 months

Clear CutAttachment

Mobile infants6-8 months to18 months – 2 years

ReciprocalRelationshipFormation

Toddlers18 months – 2 yearsand beyond

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 3: Visual Aid 6

Stages of Play

Solitary play – Plays alone.

Parallel play – Plays beside another child butnot with them.

Associative play – Plays with other childrenby playing with the same material.

Cooperative play – Plays with other childrenby assigning roles and having a common goal.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 4: Visual Aid 1

Primary Teeth Eruption Chart~The Toddler~

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 4: Visual Aid 2

Toilet Learning

Is A Process

Readiness and growth are an interplayof all areas of development:

▸ Physical

▸ Cognitive

▸ Language

▸ Social and Emotional

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 4: Visual Aid 3

Piaget’s Substages of theSensorimotor Period

Stage CharacteristicsSubstage 6

18 to 24 months▸ Begins to think

imaginatively.

▸ Can think usingsymbols (eating pretendfood with a pretendspoon).

▸ Begins to anticipateconsequences ofactions and solveproblems (moving a toythat she doesn’t want toshare with anapproaching child).

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 4: Visual Aid 4

Piaget’s Preoperational Period

Stage CharacteristicsPreoperational

2 to 6 years▸ Learns through symbols

such as words andnumbers.

▸ Relies less on motorskills and uses morethinking to directbehavior.

▸ Relates to world usinghis perspective.

▸ Starts to thinkimaginatively.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 4: Visual Aid 5

Used with permission from John McPherson

The Terrible Twos

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 4: Visual Aid 6

Erikson's Developmental Stages

Developmental Stage

Goal forDevelopment

Infants. . . . . . . . . Trust verses MistrustIf the infants physical and emotional needs are met, thebaby is able to trust. This trust helps create bonds andattachments where infants can trust adults to care forthem. Infants that are neglected may learn to mistrustthat adults will care for them and keep them safe.

Toddler. . . . . . . . Autonomy verses Shame and Doubt

When a toddler says “I can,” “Me do it,” and “No,” he isestablishing himself as a separate person who needs tolearn how to master his environment and feel good abouthimself. When a toddler is shamed and punished for themishaps at this normal developmental age, especially inpotty training, he learns to doubt and perhaps feel badabout themselves and their abilities.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 4: Visual Aid 7

Stages of Play

▸ Solitary play – Plays alone.

▸ Parallel play – Plays beside another childbut not with him or her.

▸ Associative play – Plays with other childrenby playing with the same material.

▸ Cooperative play – Plays with other childrenby assigning roles and having a commongoal.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 4: Visual Aid 8

Arkansas Child Development and Early Learning Standards:Birth through 60 Months

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 5: Visual Aid 1

Abecedarian Research Project

A study based on:

< 111 infants who received earlyintervention in high quality child caresettings were compared to a controlgroup who did not receive high qualitycare.

< 101 took part in a 30-year follow-up.

Study results of children who received earlyintervention:

< More were working: 75 percentcompared to 53 percent of the controlgroup

< Four times as likely to have collegedegrees

< More delayed having children < Less received public assistance (Campbell

et al., 2012)

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 5: Visual Aid 2

Examples of Risk Factors

▸ Low birth weight babies

▸ Premature babies

▸ Abused babies

▸ Babies with fetal alcohol syndrome

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 5: Visual Aid 3

Terminology

Appropriate terminology – The child ismentioned first.

▸ Children with special needs

▸ Children with disabilities

▸ Children with developmental delays

▸ Children with autism

Inappropriate terminology – The disability ismentioned first.

▸ Handicapped children

▸ Exceptional children

▸ Special education children

▸ Special needs children

▸ Disabled children

▸ Delayed children

▸ Autistic children

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual

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Lesson 5: Visual Aid 4

Baby’s First Connections

Bulk orders may be placed by calling800-482-8437.

This brochure is also available in Spanish.

Child Development: Birth to Three Instructor Manual