real-world smart applications with amazon machine...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2015, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Alex Ingerman
Sr. Manager, Tech. Product Management, Amazon Machine Learning
2/25/2016
Real-World Smart
Applications with Amazon
Machine Learning
Agenda
• Why social media + machine learning = happy customers
• Using Amazon ML to find important social media
conversations
• Building an end-to-end application to act on these
conversations
Application details
Goal: build a smart application for social media listening in the cloud
Full source code and documentation are on GitHub:
http://bit.ly/AmazonMLCodeSample
Amazon
KinesisAWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine LearningAmazon
SNSAmazon
Mechanical Turk
Why do we need machine learning for this?
The social media stream is high-volume, and most of the
messages are not CS-actionable
Amazon Machine Learning in one slide
• Easy to use, managed machine learning service built for developers
• Robust, powerful machine learning technology based on Amazon’s internal systems
• Create models using your data already stored in the AWS cloud
• Deploy models to production in seconds
Formulating the problem
We would like to…
Instantly find new tweets mentioning @awscloud, ingest and
analyze each one to predict whether a customer service agent
should act on it, and, if so, send that tweet to customer service
agents.
Formulating the problem
We would like to…
Instantly find new tweets mentioning @awscloud, ingest and
analyze each one to predict whether a customer service agent
should act on it, and, if so, send that tweet to customer service
agents.
Twitter API
Formulating the problem
We would like to…
Instantly find new tweets mentioning @awscloud, ingest and
analyze each one to predict whether a customer service agent
should act on it, and, if so, send that tweet to customer service
agents.
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
Formulating the problem
We would like to…
Instantly find new tweets mentioning @awscloud, ingest and
analyze each one to predict whether a customer service agent
should act on it, and, if so, send that tweet to customer service
agents.
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Formulating the problem
We would like to…
Instantly find new tweets mentioning @awscloud, ingest and
analyze each one to predict whether a customer service
agent should act on it, and, if so, send that tweet to customer
service agents.
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Formulating the problem
We would like to…
Instantly find new tweets mentioning @awscloud, ingest and
analyze each one to predict whether a customer service agent
should act on it, and, if so, send that tweet to customer
service agents.
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
Building smart applications
Pick the ML
strategy
1
Prepare
dataset
2 3
Create
ML model
4
Write and
configure code
5
Try it out!
Picking the machine learning strategy
Question we want to answer:
Is this tweet customer service-actionable, or not?
Our dataset:
Text and metadata from past tweets mentioning @awscloud
Machine learning approach:
Create a binary classification model to answer a yes/no question, and
provide a confidence score
Building smart applications
Pick the ML
strategy
1
Prepare
dataset
2 3
Create
ML model
4
Write and
configure code
5
Try it out!
Retrieve past tweets
Twitter API can be used to search for tweets containing our
company’s handle (e.g., @awscloud)
import twitter
twitter_api = twitter.Api(**twitter_credentials)
twitter_handle = ‘awscloud’
search_query = '@' + twitter_handle + ' -from:' + twitter_handle
results = twitter_api.GetSearch(term=search_query, count=100, result_type='recent’)
# We can go further back in time by issuing additional search requests
Retrieve past tweets
Twitter API can be used to search for tweets containing our
company’s handle (e.g., @awscloud)
import twitter
twitter_api = twitter.Api(**twitter_credentials)
twitter_handle = ‘awscloud’
search_query = '@' + twitter_handle + ' -from:' + twitter_handle
results = twitter_api.GetSearch(term=search_query, count=100, result_type='recent')
# We can go further back in time by issuing additional search requests
Good news: data is well-structured and clean
Bad news: tweets are not categorized (labeled) for us
Labeling past tweets
Why label tweets?
(Many) machine learning algorithms work by discovering patterns connecting data points and labels
How many tweets need to be labeled?
Several thousands to start with
Can I pay someone to do this?
Yes! Amazon Mechanical Turk is a marketplace for tasks that require human intelligence
Preview labeling results
Sample tweets from our previously collected dataset + their labels
This column was
created from
Mechanical Turk
responses
Building smart applications
Pick the ML
strategy
1
Prepare
dataset
2 3
Create
ML model
4
Write and
configure code
5
Try it out!
Amazon ML process, in a nutshell
1. Create your datasourcesTwo API calls to create your training and evaluation data
Sanity-check your data in service console
2. Create your ML modelOne API call to build a model, with smart default or custom setting
3. Evaluate your ML modelOne API call to compute your model’s quality metric
4. Adjust your ML modelUse console to align performance trade-offs to your business goals
Create the data schema string
{
"dataFileContainsHeader": true,
"dataFormat": "CSV",
"targetAttributeName": "trainingLabel",
"attributes": [
{
"attributeName": "description",
"attributeType": "TEXT"
},
<additional attributes here>,
{
"attributeName": "trainingLabel",
"attributeType": "BINARY"
}
]
}
Schemas communicate metadata about your dataset:
• Data format
• Attributes’ names, types, and order
• Names of special attributes
Create the training datasource
import boto
ml = boto.connect_machinelearning()
data_spec = {
'DataLocationS3’ : s3_uri # E.g.: s3://my-bucket/dir/data.csv
'DataSchema’ : data_schema } # Schema string (previous slide)
# Use only the first 70% of the datasource for training.
data_spec['DataRearrangement'] = ‘{ "splitting”: {"percentBegin": 0, "percentEnd”: 70 } }’
ml.create_data_source_from_s3( data_source_id = “ds-tweets-train”,
data_source_name = “Tweet training data (70%)”,
data_spec,
compute_statistics = True)
Create the evaluation datasource
import boto
ml = boto.connect_machinelearning()
data_spec = {
'DataLocationS3’ : s3_uri # E.g.: s3://my-bucket/dir/data.csv
'DataSchema’ : data_schema } # Schema string (previous slide)
# Use the last 30% of the datasource for evaluation.
data_spec['DataRearrangement'] = ‘{ "splitting”: {"percentBegin": 70, "percentEnd”: 100 } }’
ml.create_data_source_from_s3( data_source_id = “ds-tweets-eval”,
data_source_name = “Tweet evaluation data (30%)”,
data_spec,
compute_statistics = True)
Create the ML model
import boto
ml = boto.connect_machinelearning()
ml.create_ml_model( ml_model_id = “ml-tweets”,
ml_model_name = “Tweets screening model”,
ml_model_type = “BINARY”,
training_data_source_id = “ds-tweets-train”)
Input data location is looked up from the training datasource ID
Default model parameters and automatic data transformations are used, or you
can provide your own
Evaluate the ML model
import boto
ml = boto.connect_machinelearning()
ml.create_evaluation( evaluation_id = “ev-tweets”,
evaluation_name = “Evaluation of tweet screening model”,
ml_model_id = “ml-tweets”,
evaluation_data_source_id = “ds-tweets-eval”)
Input data location is looked up from the evaluation datasource ID
Amazon ML automatically selects and computes an industry-standard
evaluation metric based on your ML model type
Building smart applications
Pick the ML
strategy
1
Prepare
dataset
2 3
Create
ML model
4
Write and
configure code
5
Try it out!
Create an Amazon ML endpoint for retrieving real-
time predictions
import boto
ml = boto.connect_machinelearning()
ml.create_realtime_endpoint(“ml-tweets”)
# Endpoint information can be retrieved using the get_ml_model() method. Sample output: #"EndpointInfo": {
# "CreatedAt": 1424378682.266,
# "EndpointStatus": "READY",
# "EndpointUrl": ”https://realtime.machinelearning.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
# "PeakRequestsPerSecond": 200}
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
Create an Amazon Kinesis stream for receiving
tweets
import boto
kinesis = boto.connect_kinesis()
kinesis.create_stream(stream_name = ‘tweetStream’, shard_count = 1)
# Each open shard can support up to 5 read transactions per second, up to a
# maximum total of 2 MB of data read per second. Each shard can support up to
# 1000 records written per second, up to a maximum total of 1 MB data written
# per second.
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
Set up AWS Lambda to coordinate the data flow
The Lambda function is our application’s backbone. We will:
1. Write the code that will process and route tweets
2. Configure the Lambda execution policy (what is it allowed to do?)
3. Add the Kinesis stream as the data source for the Lambda function
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
Create Lambda functions
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
// These are our function’s signatures and globals only. See GitHub repository for full source.
var ml = new AWS.MachineLearning();
var endpointUrl = '';
var mlModelId = ’ml-tweets';
var snsTopicArn = 'arn:aws:sns:{region}:{awsAccountId}:{snsTopic}';
var snsMessageSubject = 'Respond to tweet';
var snsMessagePrefix = 'ML model '+mlModelId+': Respond to this tweet: https://twitter.com/0/status/';
var processRecords = function() {…} // Base64 decode the Kinesis payload and parse JSON
var callPredict = function(tweetData) {…} // Call Amazon ML real-time prediction API
var updateSns = function(tweetData) {…} // Publish CS-actionable tweets to SNS topic
var checkRealtimeEndpoint = function(err, data) {…} // Get Amazon ML endpoint URI
Create Lambda functions
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
// These are our function’s signatures and globals only. See GitHub repository for full source.
var ml = new AWS.MachineLearning();
var endpointUrl = '';
var mlModelId = ’ml-tweets';
var snsTopicArn = 'arn:aws:sns:{region}:{awsAccountId}:{snsTopic}';
var snsMessageSubject = 'Respond to tweet';
var snsMessagePrefix = 'ML model '+mlModelId+': Respond to this tweet: https://twitter.com/0/status/';
var processRecords = function() {…} // Base64 decode the Kinesis payload and parse JSON
var callPredict = function(tweetData) {…} // Call Amazon ML real-time prediction API
var updateSns = function(tweetData) {…} // Publish CS-actionable tweets to SNS topic
var checkRealtimeEndpoint = function(err, data) {…} // Get Amazon ML endpoint URI
Configure Lambda execution policy
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
{ "Statement": [
{ "Action": [ "logs:*” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:logs:{region}:{awsAccountId}:log-group:/aws/lambda/{lambdaFunctionName}:*"
},
{ "Action": [ "sns:publish” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:{region}:{awsAccountId}:{snsTopic}"
},
{ "Action": [ "machinelearning:GetMLModel”, "machinelearning:Predict” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:machinelearning:{region}:{awsAccountId}:mlmodel/{mlModelId}”
},
{ "Action": [ "kinesis:ReadStream”, "kinesis:GetRecords”, "kinesis:GetShardIterator”, "kinesis:DescribeStream”,"kinesis:ListStreams” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:{region}:{awsAccountId}:stream/{kinesisStream}"
}
] }
Configure Lambda execution policy
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
{ "Statement": [
{ "Action": [ "logs:*” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:logs:{region}:{awsAccountId}:log-group:/aws/lambda/{lambdaFunctionName}:*"
},
{ "Action": [ "sns:publish” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:{region}:{awsAccountId}:{snsTopic}"
},
{ "Action": [ "machinelearning:GetMLModel”, "machinelearning:Predict” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:machinelearning:{region}:{awsAccountId}:mlmodel/{mlModelId}”
},
{ "Action": [ "kinesis:ReadStream”, "kinesis:GetRecords”, "kinesis:GetShardIterator”, "kinesis:DescribeStream”,"kinesis:ListStreams” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:{region}:{awsAccountId}:stream/{kinesisStream}"
}
] }
Allow request
logging in
Amazon
CloudWatch
Configure Lambda execution policy
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
{ "Statement": [
{ "Action": [ "logs:*” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:logs:{region}:{awsAccountId}:log-group:/aws/lambda/{lambdaFunctionName}:*"
},
{ "Action": [ "sns:publish” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:{region}:{awsAccountId}:{snsTopic}"
},
{ "Action": [ "machinelearning:GetMLModel”, "machinelearning:Predict” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:machinelearning:{region}:{awsAccountId}:mlmodel/{mlModelId}”
},
{ "Action": [ "kinesis:ReadStream”, "kinesis:GetRecords”, "kinesis:GetShardIterator”, "kinesis:DescribeStream”,"kinesis:ListStreams” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:{region}:{awsAccountId}:stream/{kinesisStream}"
}
] }
Allow
publication of
notifications to
SNS topic
Configure Lambda execution policy
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
{ "Statement": [
{ "Action": [ "logs:*” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:logs:{region}:{awsAccountId}:log-group:/aws/lambda/{lambdaFunctionName}:*"
},
{ "Action": [ "sns:publish” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:{region}:{awsAccountId}:{snsTopic}"
},
{ "Action": [ "machinelearning:GetMLModel”, "machinelearning:Predict” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:machinelearning:{region}:{awsAccountId}:mlmodel/{mlModelId}”
},
{ "Action": [ "kinesis:ReadStream”, "kinesis:GetRecords”, "kinesis:GetShardIterator”, "kinesis:DescribeStream”,"kinesis:ListStreams” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:{region}:{awsAccountId}:stream/{kinesisStream}"
}
] }
Allow calls to
Amazon ML
real-time
prediction APIs
Configure Lambda execution policy
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
{ "Statement": [
{ "Action": [ "logs:*” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:logs:{region}:{awsAccountId}:log-group:/aws/lambda/{lambdaFunctionName}:*"
},
{ "Action": [ "sns:publish” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:{region}:{awsAccountId}:{snsTopic}"
},
{ "Action": [ "machinelearning:GetMLModel”, "machinelearning:Predict” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:machinelearning:{region}:{awsAccountId}:mlmodel/{mlModelId}”
},
{ "Action": [ "kinesis:ReadStream”, "kinesis:GetRecords”, "kinesis:GetShardIterator”, "kinesis:DescribeStream”,"kinesis:ListStreams” ],
"Effect": "Allow",
"Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:{region}:{awsAccountId}:stream/{kinesisStream}"
}
] }
Allow reading of
data from
Kinesis stream
Connect Kinesis stream and Lambda function
import boto
aws_lambda = boto.connect_awslambda()
aws_lambda.add_event_source(
event_source = 'arn:aws:kinesis:' + region + ':' + aws_account_id + ':stream/' + “tweetStream”,
function_name = “process_tweets”,
role = 'arn:aws:iam::' + aws_account_id + ':role/' + lambda_execution_role)
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
Building smart applications
Pick the ML
strategy
1
Prepare
dataset
2 3
Create
ML model
4
Write and
configure code
5
Try it out!
Amazon ML real-time predictions test
Here is the same tweet…as a JSON blob:
{
"statuses_count": "8617",
"description": "Software Developer",
"friends_count": "96",
"text": "`scala-aws-s3` A Simple Amazon #S3 Wrapper for #Scala 1.10.20 available : https://t.co/q76PLTovFg",
"verified": "False",
"geo_enabled": "True",
"uid": "3800711",
"favourites_count": "36",
"screen_name": "turutosiya",
"followers_count": "640",
"user.name": "Toshiya TSURU",
"sid": "647222291672100864"
}
Amazon ML real-time predictions test
Let’s use the AWS Command Line Interface to request a prediction for this tweet:
aws machinelearning predict \
--predict-endpoint https://realtime.machinelearning.us-east-1.amazonaws.com \
--ml-model-id ml-tweets \
--record ‘<json_blob>’
Amazon ML real-time predictions test
Let’s use the AWS Command Line Interface to request a prediction for this tweet:
aws machinelearning predict \
--predict-endpoint https://realtime.machinelearning.us-east-1.amazonaws.com \
--ml-model-id ml-tweets \
--record ‘<json_blob>’
{"Prediction": {
"predictedLabel": "0", "predictedScores": {
"0": 0.012336540967226028}, "details": {
"PredictiveModelType": "BINARY", "Algorithm": "SGD"
}}
}
Recap: Our application’s data flow
Twitter API Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
Lambda
Amazon
Machine Learning
Amazon
SNS
What’s next?
Try the service:
http://aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/
Download the Social Media Listening application code:
http://bit.ly/AmazonMLCodeSample
Get in touch!