readings in the poetry of robert browning

8/2/2019 Readings in the Poetry of Robert Browning

1/31

@YF^F@GE DPPGVP KC \KDJP ]YF^^DC IV YKIDY^

IYK]CFCM

\edgsd cktd tagt skjd kvdregppfcm kh rdhdrdc`ds k``urs gs dg`a

dssgy jgy id rdgn gs g sdpgrgtd dctfty

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

G

Akw g ykucm \kdt hkucn a! "ddt

Nfn Fsgg` Cgtagc \rkvfnd g @agccde kh Fcudc`d Idtwddc Iyrkc gcn Ykidrt

Irkwcfcm;

Ft fs pdragps kcd kh taksd qufros kh eftdrgry afstkry tagt tad sgjd jgc wakprdvgfedn kc Ekrn Iyrkc tk wrftd tad Adirdw Jdeknfds (7174 wgs egtdr tk

id!kjd tad jusf! tutkr kh g "rdgt #f!tkrfgc pkdt$ %kidrt Irkwcfc"& Fsgg!

'gtagc$ tad skc kh tad tadc !gctkr kh tad gctdriury sycg"k"ud su""dstdn tk

Ekrn Iyrkc tagt ad wrftd g cujidr kh eyrf!s tk tad g!!kjpgcfjdct kh !drtgfc

)dwfsa jdeknfds purpkrtdney ngtfc" hrkj tad ngys kh tad *djped fc )drusgedj&

Ft fs nf+!uet tk fjg"fcd tagt 'gtagc$ cdvdr kcd "fvdc tk hgesd jkndsty$ nfn

ckt rd!gee fc "ekwfc" tdrjs afs hkrjdr gssk!fgtfkc wfta Iyrkc tk fjprdss afs

pupfe$ tadc g"dn tafrtddc kr hkurtddc& (7 Fh$ gs kcd ags "kkn rdgskc tk

suppksd$ ykuc" Irkwcfc" prg!tfsdn afs sfc"fc" kc skjd kh tad pkdjs fc tad

Adirdw Jdeknfds$ Iyrkc,s pkdtry jf"at wdee agvd prkvfndn afj wfta g

pkwdrhue fjpuesd tk wrftd afs kwc vdrsds& Fh tagt wgs tad !gsd$ way nfn

Irkwcfc" pgy gejkst ck trfiutd tk Iyrkc gs g skur!d kh fcspfrgtfkc getaku"a

ad gs g ykuc" jgc spkod gcn wrktd wfta d-usfvd prgfsd gikut tad "dcfus kh

.adeedy/


2/31

rdgskc hkr ckt 5ujpfc" tk tafs !kc!eusfkc& :3pdrfdc!fc" wagt Agrken Iekkj

nds!rfids gs gc 0gc3fdty kh fc9udc!d$ (2 Irkwcfc" kieftdrgtdn gejkst gee

trg!ds kh afs )uvdcfefg wkro Fc!kcnftg$ gcn tad kcey twk pkdjs tk survfvd tad

pkdt,s ndstru!tfvd agcn 0*ad ;frstL ikrc kh :"ypt gcn 0*ad >gc!d kh >dgta

idtrgy g strkc"ey Iyrkcf! tkcd$ gs F akpd tk ndjkcstrgtd fc tad dcsufc"

pgrg"rgpa&

*ad twk survfvfc" pkdjs$ waf!a rdvdge Irkwcfc",s dgrey gejkst jkrifn

kisdssfkc wfta ndgta gcn tad ndgta kh tad ykuc" fc pgrtf!uegr$ !kctgfc d!akds

kh efcds gcn wkrn pgttdrcs hkucn fc Iyrkc,s 0*ad >dstru!tfkc kh

.djcg!adrfi& *afs$ efod 0*ad ;frstLikrc kh :"ypt fs igsdn kc tadjds gcn

cgrrgtfvds fc tad Ified fc waf!a tad


3/31

pgrgeede fc Irkwcfc",s pkdtry fc 0krpayrfg,s Ekvdr gcn 0Jy Egst >u!adss&

*ad tadjd kh tad )dwfsa d3fed hrkj tadfr spfrftuge akjdegcn fs g strkc"

dedjdct fc gs ft fs fc g cujidr kh Irkwcfc",s pkdjs tagt fc!eund 0AkeyLrkss

>gy$0%giif Idc :Mrg gcn dvdc 0fs"ga .f"ats F FF ndpf!tfc" tad nddp

skrrkw kh Jksds gt tad dcn kh afs efhd$ wadc gwgrd tagt ad jgy kcey idaken

tad rkjfsdn Egcn fc afs efhd,s cge vfsfkc wftakut dc5kyfc" tad prfvfed"d khdctdrfc" tagt egcn fc pdrskc&

*ad prdsdctgtfkc kh g trgujgtfsdn kr drrgtf! pkfct kh vfdw !kc!drcs pkdtf!

hkrj gs wdee gs sui5d!t jgttdr& Iyrkc pfkcddrdn tad nrgjgtf! jkckek"ud$ g

"dcrd !kjifcfc" tad !kchdssfkcge dedjdct kh fctdcsdey eyrf!ge pkdtry wfta tad

ki5d!tfvfty kh g nrgjgtf! !agrg!tdrfMgtfkc& Irkwcfc" ndvdekpdn$ gcn gr"ugiey

pdrhd!tdn$ tafs styed kh jkckek"ud fc su!a pkdjs gs 0Jy Egst >u!adss$

0%giif Idc :Mrg gcn 0.kefekquy kh tad .pgcfsa ekfstdr&

*agt jusf! fs tad "rdgt rd!kc!fedr gdstadtf!geey gs wdee gs spfrftugeey gcn

psy!akek"f!geey fs su""dstdn iy tad vdry tfted kh tad Adirdw Jdeknfds& *adfc!eusfkc kh g pkdj su!a gs 0.ad @geos fc Idguty !gc agrney id 5ustfdn fc

tdrjs kh fts kivfkus rdedvgc!d tk ifief!ge kr Adirdw tadjds& Iyrkc ndhdcndn

fts fc!eusfkc iy gssdrtfc" tagt ft wgs fc oddpfc" wfta tad kvdrrfnfc" spfrft kh

tad Jdeknfds N f&d& tarku"a gc gssk!fgtfkc kh hddefc"s gs d3pdrfdc!dn iy taksd

sui5d!t tk tad d-d!ts kh "rdgt jusf!& .fjfegrey$ fc Irkwcfc",s pkdtry tad

dcdrge tfted kh Idees gcn kjd"rgcgtds$ waf!a hrkj 717 uctfe 71? sdrvdn

gs tad adgnfc" kh g sddjfc"ey knn grrgy kh pkdjs eg!ofc" g rd!k"cfMgied

!kjjkc tadjd$ su""dsts ju!a tad sgjd gssfjfegtfvd pkwdr kh gssk!fgtfkc

gcn fts g+cfty tk jusf!& (

Ft jgy id jkrd tagc g jdrd !kfc!fndc!d tagt Iyrkc$ 'gtagc gcn Irkwcfc"tadjsdevds yfdendn tk tad wgcndrfc" fjpuesd sk !edgrey rd9d!tdn fc tadfr

pkdtry gcn jusf!&


4/31


5/31

egc"ug"d sdrvdn gs skjd hkrj kh vdrige !gjku9g"d idafcn waf!a tad

kvdrsdcsftfvd pkdt wgs gied tk !kc!dge afjsdeh gcn afs jkst fctfjgtd

!kc!drcs& drtgfcey$ &C& adstdrtkc kisdrvdn fc Irkwcfc"s pkdtry g

nfssk!fgtfkc kh egc"ug"d gcn !kctdct& (6

igsdn kc tad gssujptfkc tagt tad pkdts !akf!d kh fcnfvfnuge wkrns fs ckt

sui5d!t tk tad sgjd nd"rdd kh jdctge s!rutfcy gs tagt gppefdn tk sdctdc!ds

gcn "rkups kh wkrns !kjifcfc" tk d3prdss fndgs gcn kpfcfkcs& Jde!afkrf

su""dsts tagt tad ody wkrn fc Irkwcfc"s pkdtry fs "ken$ k!!urrfc"$ gs ft

nkds$ gpprk3fjgtdey 2KO tfjds tarku"akut Irkwcfc"s pkdtf! wkros& &

@feefgrn .jfta$ kc tad ktadr agcn$ gttg!ads ju!a tad sgjd krndr kh

fjpkrtgc!d tk tad wkrn stgr fc afs ikko Irkwcfcm's (tgr F&gmdry&( ^tadr

ody wkrns kr vdrige !euds agvd gppgrdctey gttrg!tdn edss gttdctfkc$

pgrtf!uegrey wkrns efod prkjfsd$ tkwdr kr !rkss$ waf!a gssujds g pksftfkckh fjpkrtgc!d fc tafs stuny gs ft fs gesk g prkjfcdct ody wkrn fc tad pkdtry kh

>yegc *akjgs&

/. G ^a#dd'+d


6/31

wfsa tk sui5d!t twk kh Irkwcfc"s pkdjs tk !rftdrfg igsdn kc tad !kctdctfkc

tagt pkdjs jgy id rdgn gt tardd edvdes$ waf!a F sdt kut gs hkeekwsG

7& *ad 'grrgtfvd kr Eftdrge Edvde

6& *ad


7/31

@d stkkp gcn ekko fc tarku"a tad "rgtd

.dd tad eftted pkr!a gcn rustf! nkkr$

%dgn nuey tad ndgn iufendrs ngtdP

*adc !rkss tad irfn"d tagt wd !rkssdn idhkrd$ (efcd 7\K

@ftafc tad spg!d kh kcey tafrtddc efcds tad wkrn !rkss k!!urs tardd tfjds$

twf!d gs g vdri jdgcfc" tk trgvdrsd gcn kc!d gs g ckuc sf"cfhyfc" g

!ru!f3& Fc ek"f!ge tdrjs tafs rdpdtftfkc gppdgrs tk id g!!fndctge$ ydt tad

tarddhken k!!urrdc!d kh !rkss strfods tad rdgndrs gttdctfkc$ dctgfefc"

rd!k"cftfkc tagt fc skjd sdcsd tad sgjd wkrn fs rd!dfvfc" djpagsfs& *ad

%ussfgc ;krjgefst )urf5 *yc5gckv nrdw gttdctfkc tk tad padckjdckc waf!a fc

jy vfdw !kc!drcs us adrd fc gc grtf!ed dctftedn *ad @krn fc #drsd&(? *ad

grtf!ed pkfcts kut tagt wafed tad !kcspf!ukus rdpdtftfkc kh tad sgjd wkrn fc

prksd usugeey prknu!ds g nfs!krngct cktd$ fc pkdtry fts d-d!t fs khtdc tk

dcagc!d gcn nddpdc tad pkwdr kh egc"ug"d& *yc5gckv gcn ktadr ;krjgefstsfc!urrdn tad !dcsurd kh Edkc *rktsoy hkr agvfc" su!!ujidn tk tad

supdrstftfkc kh tad wkrn gcn geefdn tadjsdevds tk tad prkckuc!djdcts kh

.gfct )kac& (\

kh egc"ug"d tk tad k!!urrdc!ds kh tad wkrn !rkss fc tad efcds !ftdn gikvd/

Edt us !kcsfndr tad twk efcds$ waf!a hkeekw tad egst !ftgtfkc&

*god tad pgta g"gfc L iut wgftQ

^a jkjdct$ kcd gcn fccftdQ

Fc tad sdvdcta !agptdr kh afs ikko Irkwcfcm ) Ig`*mrkucn gcn @kcf`t$ ;&%&

& >u!owkrta quktds tad efcd ^a jkjdct kcd gcn fccftdQ gjkc" pgssg"ds

waf!a$ fc afs vfdw$ grd d3prdssfvd kh Irkwcfc"s qudst tk rd!kc!fed twk

gppgrdctey !kctrgnf!tkry !kc!dpts kh tfjd& L fc sakrt L tad rddo gcn tad

)dwfsa ucndrstgcnfc" kh tfjd& (1 *ad hkrjdr !kc!dfvds kh dtdrcfty gs gc

fndge kr giskeutd stgtd idykcn tfjd getk"dtadr$ wafed tad egttdr strdssds tad

ki5d!tfvd rdgefty kh tfjd gs tdjpkrge su!!dssfkc$ dvdc wadc ft rdvdges gspd!ts

kh tad dtdrcge& >u!owkrta gr"uds tagt ikta tadsd !kc!dpts kh tfjd !kd3fst fc

tad ucfvdrsd rdprdsdctdn iy Irkwcfc"s pkdtry& *ad cdgrdst Irkwcfc" !kjds

tk rd!kc!fefc" tadsd twk gttftunds tk tfjd$ tad !rftf! gssdrts$ fs wadc afs

pkdjs fctfjgtd tagt dtdrcfty irdgos tarku"a tad su!!dssfkc kh tdjpkrge

dvdcts fc jkjdcts wadc fcnfvfnuges d3pdrfdc!d g 9gsa kh fctdcsd fcsf"at gcn

rd!k"cftfkc rdedgsfc" tadj hrkj ckrjge tfjdLikucn !kcs!fkuscdss& @& @afteg

gr"uds tagt Irkwcfc" irfc"s tadkek"y tk idgr kc tad qudstfkc kh tfjds

rdegtfkcsafp tk dtdrcfty& *ad arfstfgc idefdh fc tad Fc!grcgtfkc$ @afteg gr"uds


8/31

fc #ad @dctrge #ruta$ suftdn Irkwcfc"s pafekskpaf!ge gcn fctdeed!tuge hrgjd kh

jfcn gs ft pkfctdn tk g pkssfied rd!kc!fefgtfkc kh wagt Irkwcfc" pdr!dfvdn gs

twk hucngjdctgeey nf-drdct wgys kh ucndrstgcnfc" tfjd& (K

dragps tad efcds !ftdn hrkj Iy tad ;frdL.fnd wfee adep tk feeustrgtd @aftegs

gssdrtfkc& *ad efcds quktdn gikvd !kctgfc g cujidr kh strfofc" 5u3tgpksftfkcs&'kt kcey nkds tad wkrn !rkss rd!ur wfta cktf!dgiey hrdqudc!y$ iut g

rdhdrdc!d tk tad ngtd kh tad iufendrs ndgta$ su""dstfc" tdjpkrge 3fty fc tad

!kursd kh afstkry gcn tad frrdvdrsfifefty kh ndgta$ gejkst fjjdnfgtdey

prd!dnds tad d!stgtf! d3pdrfdc!d kh tad jkjdct kcd gcn fccftd& *afs

tk"dtadr wfta tad hkr!d kh tad twf!dLrdpdgtdn wkrn !rkss surdey rd!gees tad

rkss gs tad !dctrge rdhdrdc!d pkfct fc tadkek"y gcn tad jddtfc" kh afstkrf!ge

tfjd gcn dtdrcfty& F wkuen dvdc rdegtd Irkwcfc"s gppgrdctey 5k!uegr

trdgtjdct kh tad fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc tk afs fctdrdst fc tad jgfc syjikef!

dedjdcts fc tad nk!trfcds kh tad Fc!grcgtfkc gcn tad ru!f3fkc$ hkr cdgrey gee

tad eftdrgry trdgtjdcts kh tad stkry$ akwdvdr ju!a tady vgry ktadrwfsd$

rdtgfc tad odrcde kh tad krf"fcge stkry fc gs hgr gs tady gssf"c g afstkrf!ge ngtdtk g supdrcgturge kr jystdrfkus dvdct& (7O

*ad gppdgrgc!d kh !rkss gs g vdrige !eud fs ckt kcey hkucn fc %kidrt

Irkwcfc"s pkdtry$ kh !kursd& fr!o gcn tad spdgodr$ "geekp kc tadfr

akrsds tarku"a tad cf"at gcn tad hkeekwfc" jkrcfc" tk irfc" tad cdws waf!a

gekcd !kuen sgvd fr!o gcn )krfs nfd

hrkj d3agustfkc kc tad 5kurcdy iut %kegcn$ tad spdgodrs akrsd$ survfvds$ gee

rf"kurs cktwftastgcnfc"$ gcn rdg!ads


9/31

prkvfnd g vdrige !eud fc vfdw kh fts kivfkus sg!rgjdctge gssk!fgtfkcs/

*adrd fs jkrd tagc kcd rdgskc hkr qudstfkcfc" wadtadr tad pkdj !kuen id

trdgtdn kcey gs g rdgefstf!geey trdgtdn stkry$ akwdvdr "rfppfc" gcn wdee tken&

Irkwcfc" afjsdeh !kjjdctdn tagt tad stkry agn ck afstkrf!ge hkucngtfkc$ gcn

@feefgj eynd >dvgcd cktds tagt tad rkutd !aksdc iy tad rfndrs wgs hgr hrkjnfrd!t (76& @gs tad pgta kh tad rfndrs nf!tgtdn iy tad pkdts cddn tk

syc!arkcfMd dgrtaLikucn fc!fndcts g!!kjpgcyfc" tad rfnd wfta tad pksftfkc

gcn vfsfifefty kh tad suc$ jkkc gcn stgrs fc g!!krngc!d wfta g syjikef!

hrgjdwkro/


10/31


11/31

gs g Jktfh fc :urkpdgc kdtry$ fc @gs!gcg %dvfdw$ Bcfvdrsfty kh %d"fcg$

(@fctdr$ 7K14& %dvfsdn vdrsfkc kc tad wdisftd kh )kcgs Cuac$ Bcfvdrsfty kh

.tutt"grtGattpGwww&fjs&ucfLstutt"grt&ndL5kcgs.!uttsLgrtf!ed&atje

77& dk-rdy A& Agrtjgc$ %kjgctf!fsj gcn


12/31

tarku"a tad dyd kh g cddned tagc hkr g rf!a jgc tk dctdr Adgvdc&

J&Jfeeagusdr nfs!drcs g edss d3pef!ft Ifief!ge rdhdrdc!d fc tad wkrns prfjd

pkttg"d$ waf!a !kccktd :sgus rdcuc!fgtfkc kh afs ifrtarf"at hkr tad sgod kh g

tgsty jdge$ gcn iy d3tdcsfkc$ tad prdhdrdc!d kh g jgtdrfge "kkn kvdr g

spfrftuge idcdt& Agn J& Jfeeagusdr pursudn tafs efcd kh dcqufry hurtadr$ ydt

"rdgtdr nfs!kvdrfds jf"at agvd gwgftdn afj$ iut ad fs rdstrgfcdn hrkj nkfc"sk iy afs idefdh tagt tad pkdj fs igsdn kc g stkry kh trfvfge gcn fcck!dct

krf"fcsQ

Fc Irkwcfc"s fdn fpdr kh AgjdefcG *wk Edvdes kh Jdgcfc"$ @keh"gc"

;rgcod sagrds J&Jfeeagusdrs vfdw tagt *ad fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc pksds g

prkhkucn !rftfqud kh #f!tkrfgc sk!fdty gcn fts gctfpgtay tk grtfstf!

vgeuds&2;rgcod$ akwdvdr$ sdts tad pkdj fc fts afstkrf!ge gcn sk!fge !kctd3t

gcn fc sk nkfc" rdhdrs tk su!a spd!f! fssuds gs tad jgssfvd djf"rgtfkc hrkj

Irftgfc gcn tad pgssfc" kh tad kpyrf"at

kcey tad "dcdrge afstkrf!ge ig!o"rkucn kh tad dgrey #f!tkrfgc drg tk !kcsfndr

iut gesk tad pkdjs rdegtfkcsafp tk Irkwcfc"s ktadr wkros$ tk afs

pafekskpaf!ge gcn rdef"fkus gttftunds gcn$ ckt edgst$ tk tad trgnftfkc

!kcstftutdn iy gee wkros tagt tgod tad jktfh kh tad fdn fpdr gs tadfr tadjd&

Irkwcfc" !kjpksdn *ad fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc kc tad gpprkg!a kh afs

tafrtfdta ifrtangy$ gc fjpkrtgct psy!akek"f!ge tardsaken fc afs d3pdrfdc!d& Fc

dgrefdr ydgrs Irkwcfc" agn !kctdcndn wfta tardd pdrfkns kh !rfsfs$ dg!a kh

waf!a ags g idgrfc" kc *ad fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc&

>urfc" dgrey gnkeds!dc!d$ wadc tad rst kh tadsd !rfsds k!!urrdn$ Irkwcfc"

wgs g!utdey gwgrd kh tad trgcsfdct cgturd kh aujgc d3fstdc!d gcn gt tad

sgjd tfjd ad wgs aypdrsdcsftfvd tk !rftf!fsj$ dspd!fgeey kh afs pkdtry& *aus ft

wgs tagt Irkwcfc" ndstrkydn gee trg!ds kh afs rst vkeujd kh pkdtry$

Fc!kcnftg$ wfta tad d3!dptfkc kh twk pkdjs waf!a wdrd g!!fndctgeey

prdsdrvdn$ *ad ;frstLIkrc kh :"ypt gcn *ad >gc!d kh >dgta& *adsd pkdjs

gttdst tk tad ykuc" Irkwcfc"s gc"ufsadn sdcsd kh jkrtgefty gcn kisdssfvd!kc!drc wfta tad vuecdrgifefty kh ykuta tk tad rgvg"ds kh ndgta gcn

pdstfedc!d& gc!d kh >dgta fc jdnfdvge trgnftfkc gcn wfta tad ekss kh !afenrdc& *ad

aujkrkus$ eunf! qugefty kh Irkwcfc"s fdn fpdr idefds fts !kc!drc wfta

ndgney sdrfkus jgttdrsP aujkur khtdc sdrvds gs g ndhdc!d jd!agcfsj (!h&

kdtads >dr %gttdchRc"dr& Irkwcfc"s sd!kcn !rfsfs$ tafs tfjd kh gc

fctdeed!tuge cgturd$ rdsuetdn hrkj tad !egsa kh rfvge fndkek"fds&


13/31

9uddc Jgi$ Irkwcfc" wakedadgrtdney djirg!dn .adeedygc fndgefsj gcn hkr g

tfjd rd5d!tdn arfstfgcfty kr$ jkrd prd!fsdey$ tad :vgc"def!ge vdrsfkc kh tad

rdef"fkc waf!a afs ndvkut jktadr agn fcstfeedn fc afj& @adc Irkwcfc" nfn

rdturc tk tad arfstfgc hgfta$ ft wgs ckt ucqudstfkcfc"ey gs fc afs dgrefdr ngys

iut wfta g jfcn tagt sku"at tk rd!kc!fed tad !egfjs kh hgfta gcn rdgskc& *aus

skjd kh afs pkdjs !kc!drc tad prkiedjs rgfsdn iy Af"adr rftf!fsj gs tk tadeftdrge truta kh tad Ified& Fc


14/31

"dcdrgeey gssujd/ %dedvgct tk tafs qudstfkc fs tad prkiedj kh Irkwcfc"s skL

!geedn rdtf!dc!d&

Fc adr jkck"rgpa dctftedn Irkwcfcm's \kdtry kh Ydtf`dc`d$ Igrigrg Jde!afkrf

gr"uds tagt Irkwcfc"s rdtf!dc!d$ afs !kjpuesfvd ndsfrd tk !kc!dge kr

!gjku9g"d jdgcfc"$ rdsuetdn hrkj g tdcsfkc idtwddc afs wfsa tk 5dgekusey"ugrn afs kwc taku"ats gcn hddefc"s$ gcn tad prdssfc" cd!dssfty ad wgs

ucndr tk rdvdge tadj& Ft fs gesk pkssfied tagt Irkwcfc" ndrfvdn g !drtgfc

pedgsurd hrkj jgofc" afs rdgndrs wkro agrn tk prkid idcdgta tad surhg!d

jdgcfc"s kh afs pkdtry& Igrigrg Jde!afkrf gnvfsds rdgndrs kh Irkwcfc" tk pgy

spd!fge gttdctfkc tk fcnfvfnuge wkrns$ hkr tadsd jgy prkvfnd !euds kr pkfctdrs

tk nddpdr edvdes kh jdgcfc"&


15/31

duts!ad .g"dc$ twk ktadr !afenrdc stgydn idafcn$ kcd kh wakj

wgs iefcn& *k Irkwcfc" gcytafc" waf!a !kuen id !egssdn gs gc fjpdrhd!tfkc

fjpefdn g pksftfvd pkssfifefty&

rdgej kh grt$ prdhdrrfc" taksd cgfvd Ftgefgc pgfctdrs wak ndpf!tdn Jgc gs ad

fs rgtadr tagc gs ad sakuen id g!!krnfc" tk g pdrhd!t gdstadtf! jknde&

Irkwcfc"s *adkry kh tad Fjpdrhd!t gesk hkucn d3prdssfkc fc afs jgccdr khtrdgtfc" afs adrkds$ .krndeek$ grg!desus gcn .gfct )kac tad >fvfcd$ gs taksd

wak d3pdrfdc!d tadfr "rdgtdst vfsfkcgry fcsf"ats wadc tadfr sdcsd kh aujgc

hrgfety fs "rdgtdst$ gt tad pkfct kh ndgta& Bcndreyfc" tad jktfh kh tad vfsfkc

idhkrd ndgta fs tad pgrgnf"j kh Jksds survdyfc" tad rkjfsdn Egcn waf!a ad

jgy ckt paysf!geey dctdr& *afs vfsfkc kh Jksds fs$ fc hg!t$ tad sui 5d!t kh

Irkwcfc"s pkdjs fs"ga .f"ats 7 _ 77& Ft fs ckt ndgta iut afs paysf!ge

agcnf!gp waf!a prdvdcts tad egjd !afen hrkj dctdrfc" g nkjgfc !kjpgrgied

tk tad rkjfsdn Egcn& Ft fs surdey sf"cf!gct tagt tad wkrns prkjfsdn gcn

egcn grd hkucn fc !eksd prk3fjfty fc tad efcdsG

F !gct hkr"dt tagt ej idrdht

^h gee tad pedgsgct sf"ats tady sdd$

@af!a tad fpdr gesk prkjfsdn jd$

;kr ad edn us$ ad sgfn$ tk g 5kykus egcn& (62\L6O


16/31


17/31

>f!oskcs rdsdgr!a fcnf!gtds$ Irkwcfc" agn rdgn gcy kh tad dgrey Egtfc kr

drjgc vdrsfkcs kh tad tged$ ad wkuen agvd cktdn tad trgnftfkcge gssk!fgtfkc

kh Ckppdeidr" wfta gevgry&1 Fh ad agn$ ft fs strgc"d tagt Irkwcfc"s pkdj

sakuen fc!eund g rdhdrdc!d tk tad jkrge tdg!afc"s kh )dsus iut ckcd gt gee tk

tad ru!f3fkc& Ft sddjs tk jd tagt Irkwcfc"$ fc g jgccdr quftd typf!ge kh

afj$ nfn pegct g cujidr kh vdfedn geeusfkcs tk gevgry fc afs pkdj& *adhkeekwfc" quktgtfkcs hrkj tad td3t feeustrgtd afs jdtaknG

g Ad cdvdr !gc !rkss tagt jf"aty tkp& (662

Ft fs pegusfied tagt tad wkrn !rkss ckt kcey ndcktds tad g!tfkc kh trgvdrsfc"

iut gesk !kccktds tad rkss gs g rdef"fkus syjike& < stuny kh Irkwcfc"s

!kctd3tugefMgtfkc kh !rkss fc Iy tad ;frdLsfnd prkvfnds dvfndc!d tagt$ fc

kcd fcstgc!d gt edgst$ Irkwcfc" pegys kc tad nkuied jdgcfc" kh tad wkrn iy5u3tgpksfc" gc gppdgrgc!d kh tad wkrn fc tad suistgctfvd hkrj (ndcktfc" g

!rkss kc g !aur!a getgr wfta tardd gppdgrgc!ds kh tad wkrn gs g nd!efcdn

vdri& K *ad fpdrs wkrns put jd fc g pgssfkc (712 jgy id !kcsfndrdn fc g

sfjfegr ef"at&

i


18/31

wgy tk *rgcsyevgcfg (6KOL6KK&

*ad !akf!d kh tad vdri rfsd su""dsts g pgrgeedefsj idtwddc tad fpdr$ tad

suc gcn tad %fsdc arfst& *ad jystf!ge sf"cf!gc!d kh tad cujidr tardd (!h&

kc tad tafrn ngy fs dstgiefsadn fc tad pkdj iy tad tardd fctrknu!tkry cktds

prknu!dn kc ikta k!!gsfkcs wadc tad fpdr pegydn afs fcstrujdct&

*ad nkuied !kccktgtfkc kh tad wkrn rfsdc su""dsts gc gssk!fgtfkc$

rdfchkr!dn desdwadrd fc tad pkdj$ kh tad fpdr wfta tad suc& *ad fpdr !egfjs

tagt ad !gc nrgw gee !rdgturds efvfc" idcdgta tad suc ghtdr afj& Ad edgns

tad !afenrdc hrkj skuta tk wdst& *ad !kekurs kh afs !kgt grd rdn gcn ydeekw&

Bcndr tad fc9udc!d kh afs jusf!$ tad survfvfc" rgt d3pdrfdc!ds g vfsfkc kh g

"fgct pujpofc waf!a ags tad gppdgrgc!d kh g "rdgt suc (77L7& Ft jgy

id gssujdn$ tadrdhkrd$ tagt Irkwcfc"$ jfcnhue kh tad trgnftfkcge gssk!fgtfkc

kh tad fpdr wfta tad sujjdr$ !kc9gtdn skegr fjg"dry wfta afs rdef"fkus

jktfhs& < ockttfc" tk"dtadr kh tadsd jktfhs$ fcnf!gtdn iy !kekur kr tad usd kh g

vdrige !eud$ fs tk id hkucn fc tad ;fhta Ikko kh grg!desus&

>dgr JfageQ .dd akw irf"at .t& .gvfkurs spfrd

;egjds fc tad sucsdtP gee irf"at "urds qugfct

gy fc tad "egc!fc" ef"atG yku jf"at !kc!dfvd tadj

< trkkp kh ydeekwLvdstdn )dws

Ikucn hkr tadfr kwc egcn wadrd rdndjptfkc ngwcs& (26L2?

Dcn Cktd!

7& @krnswkrta$ *dccyskc$ gcn Irkwcfc"G kr urd$ ^rcgtd gcn rktdsqud


19/31

4& )unfta IdrefcLEfdidrjgc$ Ykidrt Irkwcfcm gcn Adargfs&$ (>fss& Yurf!aP

)drusgedjG d#t I#kwccm gcn 8y+gc ^ak(g! ^#dgtdn tad

Jkth kh tad \dn \,d#

Hrkj tad Fctrknu`tfkc kh g edcmtay Ptuny dctftedn2


20/31

:>:' ^% *A: %^JF.:> E JB.F F' *A: ^:*F @^%C.

^; %^I:%* I%^@'F' gvfn Akeirkko gcn idtty Jfeedr fc tadfr rdspd!tfvd psy!akek"f!ge gcgeysds

pkfct tk sfjfegr hucngjdctge prkiedjs gttrfiutgied tk wagt tady !kcsfndr g

jgegn5ustdn jktadrL!afen rdegtfkcsafp&

^c!d g igsfs hkr !kjpgrfskc ags iddc dstgiefsadn$ g nfs!ussfkc kh

nfssfjfegrftfds id!kjds gee tad jkrd sf"cf!gct$ gcn tadrd grd$ tk id surd$

strfofc" nfssfjfegrftfds tagt sdt tadj gpgrt& ^cd pfct kh !kctrgst fs sddc fc

tadfr nfvdr"dct gttftunds tk tad pgst$ pgrtf!uegrey tk tadfr kwc !afenakkn

d3pdrfdc!d& @afed >yegc *akjgs nrdw kc afs !afenakkn jdjkrfds gcn

d3pdrfdc!d gs g skur!d kh pkdtf! fcspfrgtfkc$ Irkwcfc"s kieftdrgtfkc kh gejkstgee trg!ds kh afs ikyakkn vdrsd wgs L fc jgrodn !kctrgst L syjptkjgtf! kh afs

ndsfrd tk cd"gtd tad rdedvgc!d kh afs !afenakkn pgst tk afs pkdtryP ad wgs

krfdctdn tk tad huturd$ tk g vfsfkc tagt gwgftdn hueeejdct& Fc tafs rdspd!t

Irkwcfc" typfdn afs g"d gcn fts spfrft kh iukygct kptfjfsj& *afs hkucn

d3prdssfkc fc tad fndg kh "dcdrge prk"rdss sk !edgrey dvfndct fc @feefgj :wgrt

egnstkcdDs wkrnsPL


21/31

yegc *akjgs$ fc tad pkstL;rdunfgc

drg$ wgs !kc!drcdn tk nk sk$ hddefc" g !kjpuesfkc tk egy afs skue igrd&

tad prkiedj kh tfjd rdhdrrdn tk fc tad tfted kh tafs stuny wgs ckt jdrdey tad

sui5d!t kh fctdeed!tuge gcn pafekskpaf!ge spd!uegtfkc hkr dftadr pkdt$ rgtadr$ ft

g!qufrdn tad sf"cf!gc!d kh g efhdekc" kisdssfkc fcsdpgrgied hrkj tagt !ru!fge

stg"d fc tadfr dgrey ndvdekpjdct wadc tady wdrd wrdstefc" tk dstgiefsa ikta

tadfr pdrskcge gcn pkdtf! fndctftfds& *afs stuny fs gnnrdssdn tk tad qudstfkc

way >yegc *akjgs turcdn tk afs !afenakkn hkr fcspfrgtfkc gcn jgtdrfge$ wafed%kidrt Irkwcfc" uttdrey rdhusdn tk nk sk& *ad twk hucngjdctge prkpksftfkcs

tk id dstgiefsadn grdG

Z Ikta Irkwcfc" gcn >yegc *akjgs$ fc tadfr nf-drdct wgys$ tad kcd sddofc"

rdhu"d gcn !kcskegtfkc fc tad pgst$ tad ktadr hgstdcfc" afs akpds hkr

hueeejdct kc tad huturd$ gicd"gtdn tad prdsdct$ kr tad cktfkc tagt Jgc

sakuen efvd fc gcn hkr tad prdsdct jkjdct&

Z*adfr krfdctgtfkc tkwgrns tad pgst kr tad huturd cns d3prdssfkc fc !drtgfc

rd!urrdct jdtgpakrs$ pgrtf!uegrey taksd tagt grd igsdn kc tad fndg kh :ndc kr

tad rkjfsdn Egcn&& *adsd twk jdtgpakrf!ge jktfhs jgcfhdst ckt kcey tad!kjjkc "rkucn tagt tad twk pkdts sagrd iut gesk tad nf-drdc!ds tagt

nfstfc"ufsa tadj& *adfr !kjjkc efds fc tad 'kc!kchkrjfst ifief!ge trgnftfkc fc

waf!a tady wdrd ikta stddpdn jgfcey gs tad rdsuet kh tadfr jktadrs fc9udc!d

kc tadfr upirfc"fc"& *ad nf-drdc!ds efd fc tad jdgcfc" tagt ikta pkdts

gttg!adn tk tad ifief!ge syjikes kh tadfr !akf!d& *ad hkeekwfc" efcds prkvfnd g

rdgny igsfs hkr gc fcftfge !kctrgst gcn !kjpgrfskc&


22/31

7&

@d ikgst kur prkkh tagt gt edgst tad )dw

@kuen wrdst arfsts cgjd hrkj tad >dvfes !rdw&

*ay hg!d tkko cdvdr sk nddp g sagnd

Iut wd hku"at tadj fc ft$ kn kur gfnQ

< trkpay tk idgr$ gs wd jgr!a$ tay igcn$

.kuta$ dgst$ gcn kc tk tad edgsgct EgcnQ

*adsd efcds !kc!eund Akey rkss >gy$ g pkdj waf!a %kidrt Irkwcfc"fc!eundn fc Jdc gcn @kjdc (7144&86=

6&

F ockw tad ed"dcn

^h gy fs getk"dtadr typf!ge kh Irkwcfc"s usd kh tad nrgjgtf!jkckek"ud tk prdsdct tad vfdwpkfct kh gc fjg"fcgry "urd$ fc tad !gsd kh tafs

pkdj kcd kh tad )dws wak wgs idfc" hkr!dn tk gttdcn g arfstfgc sdrjkc fc

%kjd& *ad cgrrgtfvd nds!rfids tad spdgodrs !fr!ujstgc!ds gcn tad g!tfkc fc

waf!a ad fs fcvkevdn$ adrd tagt kh jgr!afc" gekc" tk !aur!a& Ft fs sf"cf!gct$

akwdvdr$ tagt fc tad cge efcds quktdn gikvd tad )dws grd ckt jgr!afc" tk

!aur!a L tady grd jgr!afc" tk tad edgsgct Egcn& *ad cge efcds tadrdhkrd


23/31

kpdc up tad nfjdcsfkc kh gc ucsddc wkren tagt trgcs!dcns tad paysf!ge

!fr!ujstgc!ds nds!rfidn fc tad cgrrgtfvd& :esdwadrd fc Irkwcfc"s pkdtry tad

jktfh kh tad 5kurcdy$ rfnd$ jgr!a$ dt!& rd!urs sk fcsfstdctey gcn sk hrdqudctey

tagt ft !gcckt id gttrfiutdn tk !agc!d& Fcnddn$ tad fndg kh tad jgr!a fs

dctfrdey !kcsfstdct wfta Irkwcfc"s kptfjfstf! idefdh fc Jgcs jkrge prk"rdss

&fc !kctrgst$ tad efcds quktdn hrkj drdjkcy ghtdr g ;frd %gfn$ tad eyrf!ge F!gc id rdgnfey fndctfdn wfta tad pkdt >yegc *akjgs& Iy kief"fc"ey geekwfc"

tad rdgndr tk sagrd afs taku"ats fctk$ gcn rd9d!tfkcs kc$ tad prk!dss kh afs

pkdtf! !rdgtfvfty$ >yegc *akjgs hg!feftgtds tad fctdrprdtgtfkc kh afs pkdjs fc g

jgccdr waf!a Irkwcfc" s!akegrs !gc iut dcvy& *ad vdry hg!t tagt tad stkry kh

:ndc ags su!a g prkhkucn sf"cf!gc!d hkr >yegc *akjgs fs fc ftsdeh gc

fcnf!gtfkc tagt ad wgs djktfkcgeey jkrd !kjjfttdn tk tad pgst tagc tk dftadr

tad prdsdct kr tad huturd& Akwdvdr$ >yegc *akjgs turcs tad stkry kh :ndc$

ftsdeh g rdef"fkus jyta pdrtgfcfc" tk tad krf"fc kh jgcofcn$ fctk g jdtgpakr kh

fctdcsd pdrskcge sf"cf!gc!d& *ad wkrns cdvdr hkr g sd!kcn fc *akjgss

stgtdjdct fjpey tagt tad ed"dcn kh gcfde )kcds$ g sustgfcdn jdtgpakr hurcfsads tad stru!turge ucfty

kh g pkdj&8= ;gr hrkj jdrdey sakwfc" akw ] fs sfjfegr tk W fc kcd pgrtf!uegr

rdspd!t$ tad sustgfcdn jdtgpakr d3prdssds gee tagt fs hucngjdctge tk g pkdts

tafcofc"&

*ad gfj kh tafs stuny fs tk sakw akw >yegc *akjgss :ndc gcn Irkwcfc"s

rkjfsdn Egcn grd tk id rd"grndn gs sustgfcdn jdtgpakrs$ waf!a L tk rd!gee

*akjgss wkrns L grd cdvdr hkr g sd!kcn sfedct fc tad sdrvf!d kh dftadr pkdt

fc "fvfc" d3prdssfkc tk tad pkdts hucngjdctge gttftunds tk efhd gcn tfjd& Fakpd tagt tafs stuny wfee sadn hurtadr ef"at kc tad rdgskcs way *akjgs

sku"at g psy!akek"f!ge rdhu"d gcn skeg!d fc tad pgst !kc9gtfc" :ndc gcn

rd!keed!tfkcs kh afs kwc !afenakkn$ wafed Irkwcfc" ekkodn stdgnhgstey hkrwgrn

tk g huturd stgtd syjikefMdn iy tad rkjfsdn Egcn& Idykcn tadsd fssuds F

sagee fcvdstf"gtd tadfr nf-drfc" gttftunds tk tfjd gcn tadfr pafekskpafds kh

tfjd$ dvdc fh tadsd grd kcey fjpef!ft& @agt hg!tkrs fc tadfr pdrskcge gcn

afstkrf! sftugtfkcs jgy agvd jkendn kr fc9udc!dn tadfr gttftunds tk tfjd/

.u!a nf-drdc!ds fc gttftund gpgrt$ fc kcd hucngjdctge rdspd!t$ gt edgst$ tad

pkdts dvfc!d g nddp g+cfty$ gcn ft fs wfta rdspd!t tk tafs g+cfty tagt g

nfs!ussfkc kh tad sd!kcn pgrt kh tad tfted kh tafs stuny id!kjds rdedvgct& Fcwagt wgys grd tad !kc!dpts kh !afenakkn gcn jusf! gssk!fgtdn/

.fc!d tad g"d kh tad %kjgctf!s$ fcnddn hrkj gctfqufty$ tad !kc!dpts kh jusf!

gcn !afenakkn gcn ykuta agvd !kcvdydn tk pdkpeds jfcns tad qufctdssdc!d

kh tad fctuftfvd gcn jystf!ge sfnd kh aujgc cgturd& Ikta %kidrt Irkwcfc" gcn

>yegc *akjgs sku"at skjd truta kr rdgefty tady hkucn eg!ofc" fc tad krnfcgry

ruc kh efhd& Fc tafs sdcsd gt edgst$ tady jgy ikta id !kcsfndrdn dssdctfgeey


24/31

rdef"fkus fc kutekko$ getaku"a kcey Irkwcfc" dvfc!dn gcy !kjjftjdct tk

dstgiefsadn arfstfgc nk!trfcds& Ft fs pdragps fc rd"grn tk tafs qudst tagt tad

fctgc"fied fc9udc!d kh tadfr !kjjkc ckc!kchkrjfst ig!o"rkucn id!kjds

jkst dvfndct& Ikta hdet oddcey gwgrd kh tad fcgndqug!y kh aujgc rdgskc fc

"rgppefc" wfta wagtdvdr jf"at efd idykcn tad ikucns kh !kjjkc d3pdrfdc!d

fc dvdryngy efhd& Ikta sku"at tk d3pekrd idykcn tadsd ikucns usfc" tadfrfctuftfvd pkwdrs tk tad huee& *ad idefdh tagt jusf! fs tad af"adst kh tad grts iy

vfrtud kh fts nfrd!t gppdge tk tad fjg"fcgtfkc gcn tad djktfkcs agn id!kjd

gejkst g !kjjkcpeg!d fndg iy Irkwcfc",s tfjd gcn Irkwcfc" dcnkrsdn ft

afjsdeh wftakut rdsdrvgtfkc& *aku"a Irkwcfc"s nrgjgtf! !agrg!tdrs grd

!edgrey ckt jdrdey jkutapfd!ds uttdrfc" tad pkdts pdrskcge vfdws$ wkrns

gttrfiutdn tk


25/31

fpfc" skc"s kh pedgsgct "edd$

^c g !ekun F sgw g !afen$

yegc *akjgs,s pkdj 0;drc Afee& Fh

tad vgefnfty kh su!a kh su!a g !kccd!tfkc fs gnjfttdn$ tadc tad suited

fc9udc!d kh wagt *&.& :efkt tdrjs 0trgnftfkc jgy id sddc tk id gt wkro&8\=

:vdc fh tad ig!o"rkucns kh tad twk pkdjs !gcckt gs ydt id prkpdrey

!kcsfndrdn$ tadrd fs pdragps prfjg hg!fd dvfndc!d tagt 0*ad fdn fpdr kh

Agjdefc gcn 0;drc Afee grd rdegtdn fc skjd sf"cf!gct wgy&

/. Gc Fctg+ @k(,g#!kc kh =^ad \dn \,d# kh Ag(d+c1 gcn ="d#cA++1

*ad hkeekwfc" efcds hrkj 0;drc Afee wfee sdrvd gs g stgrtfc" pkfct hkr gc fcftfge

!kjpgrfskc kh tad twk pkdjsG


26/31

%kidrt Irkwcfc"& &^tadr pgrgeedes idtwddc 0;drc Afee gcn Irkwcfc",s 0*ad

fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc hkeekw ucndr tad sdvdc adgnfc"s efstdn idekwG

-. ^ad ^ad(d! kh Gc(g+ gcn Cgtu#d

Fc ikta 0;drc Afee gcn tad egjd !afen,s g!!kuct kh wagt tad fdn fpdr,s jusf!

!kc5urdn up fc afs jfcn tadrd fs gc dvk!gtfkc kh gc :ndcf! kr jfeedccfge vfsfkc

kh agrjkcy fc cgturd gs suiefjdey d3prdssdn fc Fsgfga 77$ 4LK& < sfjfegr

vfsfkc kh agrjkcy fs dvkodn iy fjg"ds hkucn fc 0;drc Afee su!a fc tad wkrns

0tad !gevds .gc" tk jy "rddc akrc$ 0tad !k!o kc afs sakuendrG ft wgs gee

.afcfc"$ ft wgs


27/31

*adrd fs eftted cddn tk djpagsfMd tad fjpkrtgc!d kh tadsd dedjdcts fc tad

0fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc& Fc g skjdwagt jkrd su""dstfvd jgccdr$ 0;drc Afee

fs pdrvgndn iy g suited jusf!ge qugefty fcstfeedn iy su!a wkrns gs 0tad efetfc"

akusd$ 0tad tucds hrkj tad !afjcdys$ 0tucdhue turcfc" gcn 0jkrcfc"skc"s&

2. Gc g(>kkj,s *kcd (?1$

0


28/31

Eftted tkwc$ tay strddts hkr dvdrjkrd

@fee sfedct idP gcn ckt g skue tk tdee

@ay taku grt ndskegtd$ !gc d,dr rdturc

3. ]gtd# Py(>k+!(

0*ad fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc sakuen ckt$ kh !kursd$ id trdgtdn gs g purd

fcvdctfkc kh Irkwcfc",s& *ad :c"efsa pkdt wgs ckt tad rst tk rdcndr tad

drjgc hkeotged fc eftdrgry hkrj$ hkr kdtad agn nkcd sk fc afs0%gttdchRc"drefdn gs agn rkspdr JSrfjSd fc tad rst !agptdr kh afs ckvde

0@arkcf1ud nu r6mcd nd @agreds F2& *ad ed"dcn !kctgfcs "rdgt syjikef! gcn

dpf! pktdctfge& *ad @dsdr idgrs !kjpgrfskc wfta tad %dn .dg kr 'kga,s 9kkn$

hkr efod tad wgtdrs kh tad %dn .dg g!!krnfc" tk tad ifief!ge g!!kuct$ tad @dsdr

fs ikta gc g"dct kh ndgta gcn ndefvdrgc!d& *ad rgts kh Agjdefc rdprdsdct

jkrd tagc 5ust vdrjfc iut gesk gcn jkrd sf"cf!gctey tad wkrst fc aujgc

cgturd gcn sk!fdty (!h& tad jkndrc 0rgtLrg!d& *ad nrkwcfc" kh tad rgts

rd!gees ckt kcey ifief!ge tadjds su!a gs 'kga,s 9kkn gcn tad ndstru!tfkc kh

agrgka,s !gvgery iut gesk geed"krf!ge fctdrprdtgtfkcs kh tadsd dvdcts

g!!krnfc" tk waf!a tad ken gcn !krrupt cgturd kh jgc pdrfsads wafed g cdwgcn rd"dcdrgtdn cgturd grfsdsL adc!d tad gjifvgedc!d tagt pdrvgnds stkry kh

tad Fsrgdeftds pgssfc" tarku"a tad %dn .dg& < pgrgeede idtwddc tad %dn sdg

gcn tad @dsdr jg id su""dstdn iy g vdrige !eud grfsfc" hrkj tad prk3fjfty

kh tad wkrns 0egcn gcn 0prkjfsdn (62K$ 6O& >yegc *akjgs,s prkhkucn

!kc!drc wfta tad tadjds kh wgtdr gcn tad sdg jgy wdee agvd iddc fcnu!dn

iy g rd9d!tfkc kc afs arfstfgc cgjd 0>yegc$ jdgcfc" 0skc kh tad sdg& Fc

0;drc Afee wgtdr syjikefsj$ g uifquftkus hdgturd kh >yegc *akjgs,s pkdtry$

!kjds tk tad hkrd fc tad hgjkus !kc!eunfc" efcds kh tad pkdj$ tad sgjd kcds

fcs!rfidn kc tad pegqud fc wjnkcofc gro tk akckur tad pkdt,s jdjkryG

*fjd aden jd "rddc gcn nyfc"

*aku"a F sgc" fc jy !agfcs iy tad sdg&


29/31

;. ^ad A++ g! g Py(>k+ kh #gc!tkc

@adrdgs tad !afenrdc kh Agjdefc jystdrfkusey nfsgppdgr fctk Ckppdeidr" Afee$

tad !afen fc 0;drc Afee fs edn up iy 0tfjd fctk 0tad swgeekw tarkc"dn ekht kh

afs guct,s hgrjakusd& *ad Egtfc skur!ds kh tad fdn fpdr stkry$ gt edgst kcd

vdrsfkc kh waf!a Irkwcfc" prkigiey rdgn$ 87O= rdhdr tk 0Ckppdc kr

0CUphdeidr" gs getdrcgtfvd cgjds kh 0jkctdj gevgrfgd$ f&d& Jkuct gevgry$

tad eg!d kh tad .ouee& fvfc" nud !kcsfndrgtfkc tk tafs rdhdrdc!d$ kcd wfee

prkigiey id prdpgrdn tk !kcsfndr Irkwcfc",s pkdj gs skjdtafc" jkrd tagc

5ust gc dctdrtgfcfc" pkdj tk gjusd !afenrdc& ^cd wfee tadc !kcsfndr tad pkdj

edss gs gc gckjgey fc tad ikny kh Irkwcfc"Ds sdrfkus pkdtry&

Ft jgy sddj eftted jkrd tagc g !kfc!fndc!d tagt fc ikta pkdjs !kcsfndrdn tad

wkrn 0Afee ags gc fjpkrtgct huc!tfkc& *ad afee fs g paysf!ge ek!gtfkc fc ikta

!gsds$ iut tad vdry wkrn rd!gees fjg"ds tk waf!a pkdt trgnftfkc ags

!kctrfiutdn& Fc Cdgts,s 0Eg Ideed >gjd sgcs Jdr!f tad idwft!adn ocf"at

egc"ufsads iy 0tad !ken afee sfnd& dragps !drtgfc wkrns gppdge tk pkdts

id!gusd tady rd!gee jdjkrfds tagt trgcs!dcn tad s!kpd kh gcy kcd

fcnfvfnuge,s !kcs!fkuscdss&

*aus hgr$ tad !kjpgrfskc kh 0*ad fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc gcn 0;drc Afee ags

iddc igsd kc rd!k"cfMfc" sfjfegrftfds fc tad fctdrcge dedjdcts kh tadsd pkdjs

wfta kcey tdctgtfvd su""dstfkcs gs tk wagt kvdrrfnfc" fc9udc!ds jf"atg!!kuct hkr tad pkdjs[ !kjjkc hdgturds& @d agvd ydt tk !kcsfndr tad

pkdjs fc tad !kctd3t kh tad dctfrd wkro kh Irkwcfc" gcn *akjgs& Ikta pkdjs

wdrd wrfttdc wadc tad pkdts wdrd gikut tafrty ydgrs kh g"d wafed fc tad !gsd

kh >yegc *akjgs$ 0;drc Afee rdprdsdcts tad gttgfcjdct kh tad pkdt,s jgturfty

rd"grnfc" td!acfqud gcn tad jgstdry kr wkrns$ 0*ad fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc

tk"dtadr wfta tad ktadr pkdjs tagt gppdgrdn ucndr tad "dcdrge adgnfc" kh

0Idees gcn kjd"rgcgtds fc 716$ nk ckt ndsdrvd g!!egfj gs tad cdst kr

jkst g!!kjpefsadn d3gjpeds kh Irkwcfc",s vdrsd& Akwdvdr$ tady nk jgro g

jg5kr turcfc"Lpkfct fc Irkwcfc",s ndvdekpjdct gs g pkdt& Iy 716 Irkwcfc"

agn ekc" rdgefMdn tagt sui5d!tfvd pkdtry fc tad styled kh tad %kjgctf!s wgsckt hkr afj$ gcn getaku"a ad wgs tk wrftd afs egst stg"d nrgjg fc 71?$ ft

wgs id!kjfc" fc!rdgsfc"ey !edgr tk afj tagt afs tgedcts wkuen ckt idgr ju!a

hruft fc tad nkjgfc kh wrftfc" hkr tad tadgtrd& Fcnddn$ afs hkrjdr hrfdcney

rdegtfkcsafp wfta tad tadgtrf!ge nfrd!tkr @feefgj Jg!rdgny$ tk waksd ykuc"

skc 0@feefd Irkwcfc" ndnf!gtdn g cge gppdge fc 0*ad fdn fpdr kh Agjdefc$

wgs gpprkg!afc" irdgofc" pkfct& Irkwcfc",s d3pdrfjdctgtfkc wfta nrgjg gt

edgst edht g pdrjgcdct rdsfnud fc afs jgstdry kh tad nrgjgtf! jkckek"ud$ g


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"dcrd pfkcddrdn iy ekrn Iyrkc& Ft gppdgrs fc gee fts dssdctfges fc 0*ad fdn

fpdr kh Agjdefc gcn ktadr pkdjs idekc"fc" tk 0Idees gcn kjd"rgcgtds&

6.Mdcd#g+ Jdtakn! kh G,,#kg$a tk >d G,,+dn c tad Ptuny

kjpgrfc" pkdts kh nf-drdct "dcdrgtfkcs fs ck jdrd g!gndjf! d3dr!fsd&

Irkwcfc" afjsdeh$ fc afs 0:ssgy kc *gssk gcn agttdrtkc ucndrefcdn tad

idcdt kh jgofc" su!a g !kjpgrfskc wadc ad wrktdG

Ft sagee id kur dcndgvkur $ iy d3tdcnfc" tad gppef!gtfkc kh tafs td3t

hrkj *gssk tk agttdrtkc tk tarkw g cdw ef"at upkc g ckt nfssfjfegr

pkrtfkc kh tad egttdr pkdt,s !grddr&877=

@afed ckt f"ckrfc" egtdr g!afdvdjdcts$ tad prfjgry gfj kh tafs stuny wfee id tk

!kjpgrd tad dgrefdr pkrtfkc kh dg!a pkdt,s !grddr tk tad pkfct wadrd tad

g!afdvdn afs !agrg!tdrfstf! styed& *afs stuny wfee dcndgvkur tk sakw tagt fc

tad !gsd kh dftadr pkdt !kc!drc wfta tad prkiedj kh tfjd efds gt tad adgrt h

tadfr pkdtry$ pgrtf!uegrey nurfc" tadfr hkrjgtfvd pdrfkns tagt wdrd gttdcndn iy

djktfkcge turjkfe gcn fccdr !rfsfs& Fh ft !gc id sakwc tagt tad jktfhs kh :ndc

gcn tad rkjfsdn Egcn (gcn tad gssk!fgtd tadjds kh !afenakkn gcn jusf!

!kcstftutd sustgfcdn jdtgpakrs waf!a rdvdge tad pkdts, hucngjdctge gttftundtk tad prkiedj kh tfjd gcn strgtd"y dg!a pkdt djpekydn tk !kctdcn wfta ft$

gc d-d!tfvd !rftdrfkc hkr !kctrgstfc" tad pkdts gcn tadfr wkros wfee rdsuet&

*afs jdtakn jgy gesk prkvfnd g ody tk gc ucndrstgcnfc" kh tad rdegtfkcsafp

idtwddc pkdtry gcn tad pkdt,s efhd N fc Irkwcfc",s !gsd ck dgsy tgso$ hkr ad$

ucefod >yegc *akjgs$ ndcfds gcy nfrd!t fcsf"at fctk afs kwc !rdgtfvd

prk!dssds$ !kc!dgefc" khtdc ndefidrgtdey !kccd!tfkcs idtwddc afs pkdtry gcn

tad fccdr gcn kutdr dvdcts fc afs efhd&

*ad hkeekwfc" sd!tfkcs wfee nfs!uss tadsd gspd!ts fc !eksdr ndtgfe$ rdhdrrfc" fc

turc tk %kidrt Irkwcfc" gcn >yegc *akjgs& %dhdrdc!d wfee gesk id jgnd tk

tad pkdts, afstkrf!ge gcn sk!fge ig!o"rkucns$ gs ck pkdt kr pkdtry d3fsts fcvg!uk& *ad prkiedj kh tfjd$ kr tad vgrfkus "ufsds fc waf!a ft prdsdctdn ftsdeh$

wgs fc9udc!dn ckt kcey iy pdrskcge hg!tkrs gcn fc9udc!ds g-d!tfc" tad pkdts

iut gesk iy tad spfrft kh tad g"d fc waf!a tady efvdn&

Dcn Cktd!

87= .dd :& vkc CacdetLEdnnfac$ fidrty kr -1ugefty(Ekcnkc$ 7K46$ p&76&


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86=&

readings in the poetry of robert browning

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