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Page 1: Welcome to the Fifteenth Annual - Morningside College · 2018-04-05 · Fifteenth Annual Morningside College Palmer Student Research Symposium Schedule Wednesday, April 11 t h , 2018

Welcome to the Fifteenth Annual

April 11th, 2018

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Keynote Speaker: Dr. Darlene Kertes  

Darlene Kertes is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology and is affiliated with the University of Florida Genetics Institute. Dr. Kertes focuses on the antecedents and consequences of stress in health and development. Her research examines the role of life experiences and epigenetic processes on activity of a stress-sensitive neuroendocrine system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system. Dr. Kertes further studies the genetic and gene-environment interaction effects on stress-related emotional and health outcomes from childhood through adulthood, including effects on depression and alcohol dependence. Dr. Kertes completed a Ph.D. in child psychology from the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota and an NRSA Post-Doctoral Fellowship at the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University.

Dr. Kertes has received several nationally competitive awards to pursue her work, including awards from the National Science Foundation, Fulbright Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Kertes also served at the National Institutes of Health as a Science and Technology Policy Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), where she was involved in launching the Genes, Environment and Health Initiative. 

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Fifteenth Annual Morningside College  Palmer Student Research Symposium Schedule 

Wednesday, April 11th, 2018  

Opening Remarks 7:45-8:00 Provost Deeds Yockey Oral Session I 8:00-9:00 Education and Agriculture (Quantitative) LC 102 1. 8:00-8:15: Best Practices for Differentiation Using Technology

in the Middle School Classroom Nicole Dillin Technology permeates nearly every aspect of our everyday lives, so it only makes sense that it has a special place in our classrooms. This research, titled “Best Practices for Differentiation Using Technology in the Middle School Classroom,” consists of a review of the current educational literature and an analysis of survey data to determine how teachers use technology to differentiate, or individualize, the content, the instruction, and the assessments in middle school classrooms. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Celia Stevenson

2. 8:15-8:30: The Importance of Ethics within the College

Curriculum Zoe Knudsen This research study will evaluate the effectiveness of teaching philosophy-based ethics in higher education, or if a degree-based ethics course would more applicable and valuable for students. This study will also examine the benefits and risks of requiring a degree-based ethics course. According to Funk & Wagnalls’ New World Encyclopedia, Ethics is a branch of philosophy which attempts to help us understand right and wrong using reason rather

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than tradition or faith. Data will be gathered through use of student surveys and the input of a Philosophy professor. Right now there are a plethora of studies done on the importance of ethics within the medical field; doing research on the importance of ethics within a generalized field will help shed light on a neglected area of research within the world of ethics. Faculty Sponsor: Mrs. Melanie Bloom and Dr. Thomas Paulsen

3. 8:30-8:45: Agriculture in the Media: College Students’

Perceptions of Agriculture’s Portrayal in the Media Rachael Arnts News coverage, if not presented objectively, has the capability of swaying viewers to a particular viewpoint. If agricultural news gets portrayed in a biased way, then the audience could develop negative connotations towards the agricultural industry. Previous research indicates a direct connection between a recipient’s acceptance of a communicated message and the credibility of its source. I developed a quantitative survey of current Morningside College students which indicated their perception of agricultural news and its potential influence on the selection of a career in the agricultural industry. Quantitative results from this survey will be presented. College students preparing for agricultural careers should be prepared to educate their peers regarding agricultural concepts. Recommendations for the future development on fact-checking resources in agriculture should be implemented in courses at Morningside College. Faculty Sponsor: Mrs. Melanie Bloom and Dr. Thomas Paulson

4. 8:45-9:00: Teaching with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Perceptions of Iowa Agricultural Education Teachers Summer Beery Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs/drones) have transitioned from initial military uses to various current commercial applications. In agriculture, UAVs have been used in numerous operations which include field trials, biomass research, crop growth monitoring,

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food quality evaluation, and precision farming. This Morningside SURP study sought to determine the perceptions of Iowa secondary agriculture teachers regarding the teaching of UAV technology in the curriculum and their willingness to participate in professional development training. Using a reliable, validated, and pilot-tested electronic survey instrument, thirteen of fourteen UAV-related curricular components were perceived Very Important for integration in the high school curriculum. Teachers (n=117, 51% response rate) in this census study further identified having No to Some Capacity for teaching twelve of the fourteen curricular criteria. Borich’s weighted mean discrepancy scores (WMDS) were calculated to prioritize respondents’ professional development needs. We conclude Iowa secondary agricultural education teachers are in urgent need of training opportunities. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Tom Paulsen

Oral Session II 8:00-8:30 Humanities I LC 103 1. 8:00-8:15: Millennial Sociolinguistics: My Observations

Amy Jackson Communication through CMC (computer-mediated conversation) is hazardous. The commonality of CMC misunderstandings suggests this conclusion: proper grammar is not always adequate for expressing meaning. Many attempts have been made to bridge the gap between CMC and speech, but while academics were inventing fanciful additions to the keyboard, millennials were developing their own tactics for inserting nuance into CMC. Although some observers are quick to accuse millennials of illiteracy or laziness, dissection of these trends reveals that, since millennials engage in CMC at far higher rates than older generations, they have subsequently developed a number of grammatical quirks intended to mimic the nuances of face-to-face conversation in CMC. Through examining millennials’ treatments of sarcasm and emphasis as examples, the purposes behind these

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linguistic trends will be revealed, hopefully explaining if not outright justifying the phenomena. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Stephen Coyne

2. 8:15-8:30: Next to Normal: A Dramaturgical Analysis

Joey Volquartsen According to the National Alliance on Mental Health, 1 in 5 Americans experience some form of mental illness. However, even with this statistic, the topic of mental health is one that only comes up in the event of a tragedy where the person’s mental health can be blamed. This project explores the representation of mental illness, particularly bipolar disorder, in theatre using Morningside’s Fall 2018 musical, Next to Normal, by Tom Kitt and Brain Yorkey, as a basis. The project uses dramaturgical research including the history of the show and scholarly resources addressing bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses to analyze the plot and characters. Research and analysis by a dramaturg can be utilized in developing the characters, designing the set, and influencing the overall feel and direction of a show. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Taylor Clemens

Oral Session III 8:00-9:00 Qualitative Research LC 104 1. 8:00-8:15: Title IX

Ally Hecht For the Palmer Research Symposium, I plan to focus on Title IX’s guidelines specifically regarding violence against women. My overall goal is to create a call to action in advocating for women’s rights on college campuses, through discussion of Title IX policy. This will be accomplished through several focus areas, which include the History of Title IX, Obama-Era regulations, current status, and a call to action. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Valerie Hennings

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2. 8:15-8:30: School Counseling for the Modern Age

Jesse Nitzschke What is the role of a school counselor and what should they be doing to better fulfill and understand their job? This literature review will be a guide for the modern counselor. Specifically, in graduate school, a school counselor must be prepared in a practicum experience, course work dealing with diversity issues, emergency response, college/career readiness, and the importance of school counseling program evaluation. The school counselor has to then take what they have learned and apply it into a comprehensive program that reaches all domains of the student’s life. In order to navigate and fulfill some of the expectations of a great school counselor, a counselor needs to build their program identity in consideration of their training. The role of a school counselor, therefore, can be more effective and efficient because the counselor identity must be fluid enough to fit their specific program. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon Claxton

3. 8:30-8:45: Universal AJAX Interface Generation Alex Boettger & Jared Martin There are many web client-side frameworks and many web server-side frameworks. However, there are few frameworks designed to facilitate AJAX communication between client and server that provide support for both sides of communication. Those that do exist generally provide a compiler for the client-side language that generates JavaScript code (such as Pyjs for Python). We have developed a proof of concept application for generating AJAX interface code for both client and server. The interface code ensures that there can be no mismatch between what is sent by one end and expected by the other. On each side, data is sent via a simple function call. The software is designed to enable creation and integration of new modules for server-side languages, allowing it to become (as new modules are added) language agnostic on the

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server-side. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Randy Campbell

4. 8:45-9:00: Advertising Tactics in the Modern Age - Revolutionary or Harassment Paul Tucker This essay is comprised of a multitude of different source materials and first-hand accounts of advertising at different stages. Included are rules and regulations, guidance for small businesses, and a possible takeaway for the reader about where their information goes, who has it, and how is it being handled. Statistics regarding popular mediums used for advertising and sourced information from law cases were utilized to offer a more solid foundation to my claim that advertising, while continuously revolutionizing the way we see the consumer industry, is filled with mistakes and editable regulations to create a safer, more ethical experience for all. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Pam Mickelson

Oral Session IV 8:00-9:00 Advertising (Qualitative) LC 105 1. 8:00-8:15: The Ethical Revolution of Cigarette Advertising

Maggie Ganley This paper explores the ethical implications of cigarette advertising. This includes advertising that targeted women and youths, cross-promoted products with alcohol, and rewarded smokers via a loyalty program. This paper also seeks to show how restrictions within the world of cigarette advertising have made cigarette ads more ethical over the years. Both forms of advertising, with and without restrictions, were explored ethically with the utilitarian approach. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Pam Mickelson

2. 8:15-8:30: Racial Stereotyping in Advertising

Veronica Silva Racial Stereotyping in Advertising evaluates racial stereotyping

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throughout history as well as the issue’s relevance in today’s media. Advertising has the power to influence how the public views goods and people, but there are other factors to reach ethnic target markets besides using race. By showcasing examples, studies, and applying the pragmatic and justice rules, the importance is shown of assessing the advertising before releasing it to the public due to a drastic increase in multi-racial adults and children across the world. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Pam Mickelson

3. 8:30-8:45: Alcohol Advertising and Youth

Aaron Montanez This essay serves the purpose of examining the issue of alcohol advertising and its effects on youth and underage drinking. In order to examine this and truly identify how it affects youth, a multi-view analysis will be conducted. Within these multiple analyses there will be separate areas of focus, which include accessibility to alcohol advertising, regulation of alcohol advertising, studies regarding youth-targeted advertisements, and finally the ethical and moral issues which surround this entire issue. By the end of this essay, one will be able to determine not only the effects of alcohol advertising on youth and underage drinking, but will also understand the ethical dilemma and issues surrounding this topic, making it such a hot-button piece. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Pam Mickelson

4. 8:45-9:00: Lies and Deceptions in Advertising Murat Turan The following research essay focuses on the ethical and moral issue of lies and deceptions in the world of marketing and advertising today. For reference purposes, I have chosen online news articles which deal with false advertising in general, techniques businesses use to create a false sense of security in their customers while issuing false information about the advertised product, as well as real-life examples from the past which revolve

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around businesses and individuals getting caught lying in their advertisements, and how this lying resulted in their taking damage from a financial and brand-image standpoint. After presenting general information about fraudulent advertising and how businesses force certain products upon their customers, I will shift the focus towards explaining different areas in which false advertising occurs, which include television advertisements, restaurant reviews, and political campaigns. After all of the instances have been covered, I will explain solutions for each of them. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Pam Mickelson

Oral Session V 8:00-8:45 Humanities II LC 106 1. 8:00-8:15: Beat Jesus: Dean Moriarty as an American Prophet

on the Road Allison Linafelter Jack Kerouac and the other Beat writers of the 1950s did not agree with America’s turn to strict social obligations and expectations in order to deal with the reality of post-WWII America, and in reaction, created a new type of religious experience. They found their prophet in Neal Cassady, who grew up impoverished and quickly gained a criminal record and notoriety among the Beats because of his nonconformist lifestyle. On the Road is directly inspired by and based upon Kerouac’s experiences with Cassady, who is represented by Dean Moriarty. Kerouac is represented by Sal Paradise, and just like Kerouac himself, in On the Road, Paradise is searching for meaning and a figure to believe in, and finds a new American Saint to follow in Dean Moriarty. Jack Kerouac uses biblical references and religious descriptions in On the Road to portray Dean Moriarty as a new mythical American Christ figure. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Stephen Coyne

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2. 8:15-8:30: Patterns in Interpretation: Religious Background

and its Impact on Constitutional Flexibility Daphney Miller Both the Bible and the Constitution have worked to inform and direct American society, especially in the Supreme Court. Understandings of both vary, but no matter the interpretation, they provide a guiding framework through which major decisions can be made. By delving into a historical analysis of interpretations of the Bible, parallels can be drawn between religious and political flexibility. The uniquely bipolar range of religious representation on the Supreme Court (between Judaism and Roman Catholicism, with the recent addition of a “token Protestant”) provides a unique opportunity to explore religious affiliation and its correlation with ideology and constitutional practice. Using the Segal-Cover score and case rulings to rate constitutional flexibility and the practices of the Roman Catholic literalism and Jewish exegesis through PaRDeS, the tendencies of the current Supreme Court justices may be better understood. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Bruce Forbes

3. 8:30-8:45: Tinker vs. Des Moines- Students’ Freedom of

Speech vs. the American Atmosphere Emily Widman It was December 1965. Five students in the Des Moines, Iowa school district chose to wear black armbands to school. The students’ intent was to peacefully demonstrate their mourning of the dead in the Vietnam War—both American and Vietnamese. Having heard in advance about the armbands, the school district quickly banned black armbands from public school property. The next day all five students with black armbands were sent home and three were suspended. The three suspended students (John Tinker, Mary Beth Tinker, and Christopher Eckhardt) brought their case to court, assisted by the Iowa Civil Liberties Union (ICLU). Their case eventually ended up in the United States Supreme Court.

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America’s polarized atmosphere created by the Vietnam War played an intrinsic role in the case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, which ultimately resulted in strengthening students’ First Amendment rights across America for years to come. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Greg Guelcher

Oral Session VI 8:00-8:45 Agriculture and Food Studies (Quantitative) LC 107 1. 8:00-8:15: Preparing & Creating a Risk Management Plan

Keaten Miller This presentation is designed to aide in preparing and making an effective risk management plan. It will show the steps and effective methods used to gather the proper information needed for creating a risk management plan. I will take you through steps I learned while creating a plan for KCR Cattle Company, and I will also provide tips and methods for making a risk management plan to fit any situation. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Tom Paulsen

2. 8:15-8:30: Risk Management with Futures and Options

Andrew Metzger My research paper covers futures and options. It also covers risk management and marketing plans for producers. Futures and options contracts can be used by producers to hedge their crop inventory. The different contracts I mention are the agricultural commodities. These include corn, soybeans, live cattle, feeder cattle, and lean hogs. Also included are technical analysis, fundamental analysis, and ways to analyze the markets. Risk management is very important for farmers, and it is vital that at least part of their inventory is hedged. I talk about some of the different strategies producers can use by trading futures, options, or spreads. Understanding the futures market is essential for anyone involved in agriculture. It has a direct relationship to cash trade. Basis is very important to understand and producers use it

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when selling their inventory to their local coop or elevator. Everyone is different when it comes to having a marketing plan. Without knowledge of the futures market, it is difficult for farmers to make money and manage their risk. Faculty Sponsor: Mrs. Melanie Bloom and Dr. Thomas Paulsen

3. 8:30-8:45: Soil Management Recommendations

Ryan Stoll While agricultural crop production is extremely focused on what is above ground, how much attention is paid to what is underneath the surface? Through this research project I determined sustainable crop nutrient recommendations for a 40-acre tract of family farm land. Based upon current farming practices, I analyzed (swine) manure produced on our family’s farm as well as soil samples from the tract to maximize the soil’s productive potential. To aid in my research, I used primarily online sources, like Cornell and Penn State. I also used personal observation, considering my family has farmed for many years. Along with making fertilizer recommendations, I looked into how farming practices can be refined to get the most out of the soil and the money invested in the crop. Specific nutrient recommendations for the tract will be presented. Future research regarding yield and break even costs based upon these recommendations should be implemented. Faculty Sponsor: Mrs. Melanie Bloom and Dr. Thomas Paulsen

Oral Session VII 9:10-9:55 Psychology (Quantitative) LC 102 1. 9:10-9:25: Gender Bias in the Workplace

Jazmin Abarca Gender discrimination is a problem in the hiring process of today’s workplace. Many studies indicate a bias against women, even if a woman proves herself more capable or qualified for the position. The experiment was designed to put people in the position of hiring an individual to see if this bias stayed true. Our experiment started with each participant reading eight applications, four males

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and four females, and ranking each of them on how likely they would be to hire them from one to ten. Consistent with previous research, males and females ranked the male resumes higher than the female resumes. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica LaPaglia

2. 9:25-9:40 Video Games and Loneliness

Christopher Van Horn This project evaluated whether video games cause social loneliness. Previous research has found that video game addiction can cause social loneliness from isolation (Myrseth et al, 2017). My study evaluated whether team-based games could combat social isolation when compared to single-player games. Participants played either a team-based game or a single-player game and then completed the UCLA loneliness survey. Data collection will be completed by March 30th. Differences in loneliness based on video game type will be evaluated using an independent samples t-test. I expect to find that single player video games are more isolating than team-based games. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon Claxton

3. 9:40-9:55 Family Functioning of Children with Learning

Disabilities Amanda Parr Previous research has shown there is an association between a child having a learning disability and having an insecure parent-child attachment (Al-Yagon, 2012). Additionally, having a child with a learning disability is associated with the parent’s having a more controlling parenting style (Barkauskiene, 2009). Based on this research, I wanted to evaluate if parenting style mediates the association between children having learning disabilities and insecure attachment. My participants were 19 women recruited from parenting support groups who all had at least 1 child. Participants filled out an online survey which included measures of attachment and parenting style. They also

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indicated if their child had a learning disability. There was no evidence to support the proposed mediation. However, I found evidence of statistically significant associations between parenting styles and attachment. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon Claxton

Oral Session VIII 9:10-10:25 Foreign Policy Panel (Qualitative) LC 103 1. 9:10-9:25 Framing Tragedy: How media portrayal impacts

public perception of human rights violations Nathan Caniglia Images of the Rohingya people fleeing Myanmar, beaten, battered, and starved, pull at the hearts of the American public. How does the portrayal of this atrocity in the American media influence American public perception of the genocide currently occurring in Myanmar? The media plays an important role in shaping public perception. How do different forms of imagery shape American public opinion on foreign policy issues? This research looks at media portrayal of past instances of genocide and other significant cases of human rights violations and their impact upon American public opinion. This study hopes to build upon current literature regarding media framing and its impact upon public opinion by crafting an examination of media portrayal of the genocide in Myanmar. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Patrick McKinlay

2. 9:25-9:40 The Globalization of Public Health: Emerging

Threats in Antimicrobial Resistance Allyssa Stevens This research focuses on the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in human security. As a U.S. foreign policy issue, global health poses a significant threat to human security. Specifically, the infectious disease of streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) and its antimicrobial resistance to penicillin. As it relates to foreign policy, the research will look at the variables of

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funding, initiatives, and prevalence on agendas. The study will attempt to analyze the U.S. foreign policy stance and global implications to the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Patrick McKinlay

3. 9:40-9:55 “Only Power Could Protect Peace:” The Security

Dilemma Within the Privatization of Space Daphney Miller Foreign policy shows that modern conflicts have a much more hybridized approach than cold-war era conflicts did—no longer are the options for states limited to aggression and surrender. The US-China competition for dominance in space epitomizes this, and a combination of classical security dilemma theory and contemporary analysis of the privatization movements portray a new space race. This competition differs from the last in three distinct ways: the expansion of the private space market, the modern reliance on satellites (and resulting threat of anti-satellite weaponry), and the critically interdependent economies of the participating states. As a result, the new space race poses a distinct threat to the United States that is far more nuanced than the dilemma of the cold war era. It is critical to analyse this facet of the US-China relationship in order to understand what threat is posed to the US national security. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Patrick McKinlay

4. 9:55-10:10 NAFTA Agriculture in Mexico and the United

States Sheila Ruiz There is some debate about the impact that the NAFTA agreement has created for both the US and Mexico. In order to find a plausible explanation, the research focuses on the benefits as well as the disadvantages of the NAFTA deal between the US and Mexico regarding the agriculture sector. It will examine the social and economical impact it has caused since the implementation of the agreement between these two countries in order to find a

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conclusion. The question is if it is indeed a good deal or if we need to improve the deal for both Mexico and the United States. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Patrick McKinlay

5. 10:10-10:25 Maritime Trade and Statecraft: Geoeconomic Implications in the South China Sea James Farnan The South China Sea is one of the single most important theaters of international engagement in the world. Home to a significant portion of global trade, a vast deposit of natural resources, and a point of strategic geopolitical significance, the South China Sea is a clear priority to US national interest. Chinese strategy in the sea has been defined by island-building, but in many regards the Chinese have also taken on a clear geoeconomic strategy to exert Chinese influence in the region. US geoeconomic strategy in the region has been lacking, compared to US diplomatic and military strategy. How can the US pursue a successful geoeconomic strategy within the South China Sea? Blackwill and Harris posited that US geoeconomic strategy has been lacking, especially in relation to the Chinese. The usage of trade policy and other economic instruments can lead to a stronger US position in this important maritime region. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Patrick McKinlay

Morning Poster Session 10:00-11:00

Yockey Psychology (Quantitative) 1. The Mister and Miss - Information Effect: The Effects of

Misinformation by a Male or Female Alejandra Castillo, Teresa Sutton, Reece Jackson, Juan Sanchez Vallejo The misinformation effect is a phenomenon that has been widely studied and shows how memories can be altered after exposure to misleading information. In the current study, we examined whether the source of the misinformation—male or

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female—would alter people’s susceptibility to false memories. Participants watched a video of a car accident. After a short distractor task, participants listened to an audio narrative recapping the event. The narrative included some misleading details and was either voiced by a male or a female. Participants then completed a set of questions about the video. Results indicated that participants who listened to the narrative from the female voice were more susceptible to misinformation than those who listened to a male voice. People are more likely to trust females and therefore more likely to believe the false information presented to them by a female witness than a male witness. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica LaPaglia

2. The Effect of Subtle and Blatant Misinformation on False

Memories Maria Lonsdale In this study, I examined the influence of subtle and obvious misinformation on eyewitness memory. Participants watched a home burglary video and were asked questions about the video. Some of the questions had misinformation in them, and this misinformation was either obvious (blatantly false) or subtle (false, but plausible). Participants were then asked more questions to see if they recalled the misinformation over the correct details. The results indicated that there was a misinformation effect; however, there was no significant difference in misinformation recall for subtle versus obvious misinformation. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica LaPaglia

3. Physiological Responses to Imagining Success and Failure

Savannah Larson Visualization is a technique that is used by many professionals and athletes to prepare and improve their overall performance in the workplace and during competition. It is a simple technique that allows one to create images in the mind where he/she is in control of the outcome. In the current study, participants listened to a

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positive and negative sport scenario while their galvanic skin response (GSR; a physiological measure of emotion) was measured. It was hypothesized that participants would show a greater physiological response when visualizing the negative scenario than when visualizing the positive scenario. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica LaPaglia

4. Conditioning Eating Behavior

Jazmin Abarca Eating preference was observed in college students through ratings of food images. Images of foods were paired with either negative or positive images to determine whether one could change food preferences with brief classical conditioning. While food preference was not affected by the manipulation, participants exposed to negative images reported a decrease in willingness to try new foods in the future. This study touches on society’s problem with obesity and the health issues that come with it. The results provide us with information that can help create better methods to help people eat healthier and deal with weight gain. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica LaPaglia

5. The Study of Attrition in a Community Mental Health Setting

Elizabeth Boell Attrition negatively affects society by decreasing the number of potentially assisted individuals. Previous research found correlations with particular mental diagnoses. Increased retention has been associated with increased flexibility, accommodations, and persistency. I hypothesized that A) a depression diagnosis increases the likelihood of attrition, B) a diagnosis of a mood disorder increases the likelihood of attrition, and C) forgetting will be a common obstacle. I examined archival data from a Wellness Group at a local community mental health center as well as demographic variables of the Wellness Group members, and the barriers identified. The majority of clients who attritiated were Caucasian, between the ages of 20 and 40 years old, unemployed,

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did not have any romantic support, and had a mood disorder diagnosis. Common barriers included forgetting, mental health symptoms, lack of transportation, and job conflict. Armed with the awareness of risk factors, therapists can provide additional information and resources. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon De Clute

6. Cognitive Effects of Rapid Weight Loss in Collegiate Wrestlers Trevor Wheelock This case study looked at the effects that Rapid Weight Loss (RWL) can have on an athlete, specifically wrestlers. Athletes who have to maintain a certain weight class suffer from malnutrition due to lack of nutrients in the body; this can harm a person’s developmental growth. Proper information must be more available to the public when considering RWL. This is because when a wrestler, or athlete of similar circumstances, commits to RWL, their cognitive abilities diminish significantly, likely due to malnutrition in the body. Studies such as Choma (1995) and Koral and Dosseville (2009) look at the physiological and cognitive portion of RWL, and both results suggest a connection. Data collected from four undergraduate students of Morningside College was analyzed and interpreted in a way to determine any cognitive effects from RWL. Each individual partook in a closing interview, asking specific questions about their descent in weight. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon De Clute

7. Exploring Factors in Mate Selection Alyssa Rager There are many factors that play a role in who we choose in order to reproduce with. In this experiment we explored whether physical attraction plays a larger role then vocal attraction in this selection process. The participants were shown three clips of the same video. Each had the voice pitch of the individual in the video changed to either a higher or a lower frequency. The

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participants were then given questionnaires to determine whether there was a change in the level of attraction they felt towards that individual. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica Pleuss

8. The Risk of Long-Term Hospitalization in Children Avery Desy Hospitalization brings with it many negative effects for children. This study focuses on effects such as negative emotions, mental illness, and social withdrawal, as well as potential gender differences. Data was collected from families who have recently utilized Ronald McDonald Charity House. The families were sent a Hospitalization Effects Survey which included general questions about their child, the emotional state of their child at various times before, after, and during hospitalization, and specific information regarding treatment and supports. Eight of eleven surveys were returned for use in this study. Gender comparisons revealed differences in depression but not negativity, fun, or withdrawal. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica Pleuss

9. Analyzing Adult Attitudes Toward Hospice Care Brandi Blunk The purpose of this study was to examine adult attitudes toward hospice care. Participants were asked to take a short survey that asked questions over their perceptions of hospice, their feelings of hospice, and their education associated with this service. Immediately after answering these questions, participants read a short vignette of a family exploring aging adult care options. They then stated whether they would want their ‘grandmother’ to utilize a hospice service. I expected that individuals who have had more personal experience with death would view hospice more positively, and that individuals who have had a more personal experience with hospice would view hospice more positively. Additionally, I explored whether exposure to death and hospice in media and coursework had an impact on perceptions of hospice

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care. Results did not support my main hypothesis, but class rank was significantly associated with views of hospice. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica Pleuss

10. Influence of Power on Implicit Biases Nancy Medel Tension between law enforcement and racial minorities is at an all-time high. This leads to the questions: have individuals been socialized to develop implicit biases against minorities, and are these biases heightened when people find themselves in a position of power, such as that of a police officer? The current study examines the influence of control on implicit racial bias. Specifically, this study assesses how feelings of control are related to the likelihood of participants’ shooting unarmed racial minorities in a computer simulation (Correll, 2002). Participants in this study are randomly assigned to either the position of police captain (high power condition) or police officer (low power condition). Participants then answer a series of questions regarding their gender, race, and ethnicity for further evaluation of demographic differences in biases. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon Claxton

Biology (Quantitative) 11. Presence of Pathogenic Bacteria on Raw Chicken Breast in

Siouxland-Area Grocery Stores Jacob Green, Ashton Schweers, Austin Schmidt, Skylore Curry Previous studies in food hygiene have indicated high levels of pathogenic bacteria present on raw chicken. Various new regulations and monitoring procedures have been implemented in the last six years in order to reduce instances of cross contamination and outbreaks of foodborne illness. The purpose of this study was to test commercially-sold chicken for common pathogenic bacterial species. Raw chicken sold in grocery stores throughout Siouxland, both pre-packaged and store packaged, were tested for coliforms (including E.coli), Salmonella,

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Campylobacter, Staph. aureus, and Listeria. Our results indicate significant presence of coliforms and E. coli, as well as Staph. aureus, and to a lesser degree, the presence of Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter. The presence of these potentially-dangerous pathogens in our results show the necessity for safe food handling and cooking practices in order to decrease the instance of cross contamination and foodborne illness in Siouxland. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Anni Moore

12. Prevalence of Bacteria in Holy Water in 3 Sioux City Catholic Churches Jared Jochum, Bennett Feuchtenberger, Lynsey Matulka The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference between the amount and type of bacteria and viruses in standing and circulating holy water. The samples were collected weekly on Sundays after the mass throughout the winter season of 2017-18, filtered, and DNA was extracted from the filters. Some of the water samples were used to culture bacteria. Preliminary results indicate a higher amount of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, in the standing water. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Anni Moore

13. Glacial and Riverine Wetland Microbial Community

Responses to Heavy Metals Matthew Nieland, Brittany Gill, Miyo Okada, Taylor Hixson The purpose of this study was to determine levels of heavy metal resistance of microbial communities in various Midwestern wetlands. Soil samples were collected from permanent, temporary, and former wetlands at each site (n = 8). Bacteria were cultured from the soil in the presence of increasing concentrations of various heavy metals (arsenic, cobalt, copper, mercury, and zinc), determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each metal. Arsenic, copper, and zinc resistance was even across all permanent, temporary, and former wetland soils (600 μg/ml

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Na3AsO4, 500 μg/ml ZnSO4, 500 μg/ml CuSO4). Cobalt resistance was low (2 mM CoCl2), with no significant difference between sites. Former wetland soils show higher Hg resistance (250 μg/ml HgCl2) than permanent (50 μg/ml HgCl2) among glacial and riverine sites. No correlation has yet been established with heavy metal concentrations in the soils and the MICs. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Anni Moore

14. Preliminary Study of the Use of Digital & Manual

Goniometers in ROM Brandan Tighe The purpose of this research was two-fold. First, to determine if data from digital goniometers is comparable to data from manual goniometers. Secondly, to examine the range of motion (ROM) in the knee joints of individuals with both healthy knees and those with various knee injuries. Participants were college-aged volunteers with or without history of knee injury. Data was collected by measuring ROM for leg flexion and extension at the knee joint using both forms of goniometry. From this preliminary data we are checking to see how much of a difference is made in our measurements. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Kurt Spearing

15. Survey of Butterflies on Prairies in the Loess Hills of Western Iowa Logan Anderson In summer of 2017, native tall grass prairies were surveyed using the “Pollard Walk”. Total number of butterflies and total number of species/hour were recorded. Although our survey included identification of all butterfly species, we specifically focused on the regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia), a species whose recent geographic decline has been documented. Five of the nine sites surveyed contained S. idalia. The greatest numbers of regal fritillaries occurred on one of the smallest prairies surveyed (Knapp, 64.7/hr, 10.0 ha) and one of the largest (Five Ridge,

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70.4/hr, 15 ha). Furthermore, another species of recent concern, the monarch (Danaus plexippus) was found on only three prairies and one cropland specifically restored for butterfly habitat. Our results suggest that not all of our survey sites were ideal habitat for either monarchs or regal fritillaries (e.g. lacking prairie violets or milkweeds) or that management practices were not conducive for these species’ long-term survival. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jim Stroh

16. Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau is Abnormally Upregulated in Ewing’s Sarcoma Christian Burford Ewing’s sarcoma is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the EWS gene and a member of the ETS family of transcription factors. This translocation causes a series of genes to be upregulated and downregulated as a result of abnormal transcription factor activity. Recent studies have shown one particular gene known as Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau (MAPT) to have upregulated mRNA expression levels in Ewing’s sarcoma. However, no one has verified whether this increased mRNA expression corresponds with increased tau protein production. In order to confirm the upregulation of tau in Ewing’s sarcoma, we have performed Western blots that demonstrate tau protein is present in these cells. We have also found evidence of a possible cleaved tau isoform, which may increase tau’s effects on signaling pathways responsible for abnormal cell division. These findings may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets that increase the survival rate in metastatic Ewing’s sarcomas. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Chad Luegers

17. Generation of Tau Over-Expressing Cell Lines to Study Neurodegenerative Tauopathies Elvis Castro, Hayley Lange, Jessy Huff, Destiny Boettger, Ellie Freebern Tau, a neuronal protein, has been shown to enhance MAPK

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signaling through the ERK pathway. Over-activation of ERK and other MAPK pathways can lead to cell death in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Since the role of tau in MAPK activation due to chronic inflammation remains unclear, we aimed to further investigate tau’s impact on signaling downstream of inflammatory stressors such as Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα). We have previously shown that over-expression of the 3R isoform of human tau enhances TNFα -induced cell death, but the effects of 4R tau isoforms on MAPK signaling remains unclear. In this study, we have generated several 4R tau over-expressing neuronal cell lines to be used in future studies. Neuronal signaling will be compared in the 4R and 3R tau over-expressing cell lines. The findings from these experiments will increase our understanding of tau’s interactions in neurodegenerative diseases. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Chad Leugers

18. Effects of Ammonia Inhalants on Heart Rate, Force Production, and Fine Motor Movement Lorraine Roge-Jones, Alex Harrison, Michael Yeradi How ammonia-based smelling salts alter heart rate, forearm force production, and fine motor movement is examined in healthy college-aged people. The use of smelling salts for performance enhancement is a little-researched—yet highly-disputed—topic with broad application potential in the sports industry. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Aaron Bunker

19. Nonlethal Long-Term Effects of Styrofoam Consumption on Beetle Larvae Josh Reed, Reed Smith Research has shown that mealworms (beetle larvae) are capable of eating and digesting Styrofoam, creating a biodegradable product. We investigated if a similar and larger beetle species, Zophobas morio (“superworms”), was capable of doing the same thing. Superworms were fed typical bran food or Styrofoam, and

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observed over a 7 week period. Activity was recorded over a 10 week period for a separate group, and the activity of bran-fed vs. styrofoam-fed worms was compared. At the end of the experiment the condition of worms was analyzed to indicate nutritional value of the Styrofoam compared to bran. Mortality was low across all treatments, and Styrofoam was readily consumed by Z. morio. Condition of superworms fed Styrofoam was lower than bran-fed individuals, and activity also decreased. Overall, while beetle larvae are able to survive long-term diets of Styrofoam they exhibit heavy performance costs. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Tim Sesterhenn

Chemistry (Quantitative) 20. Preparation of CHP-Core Microcapsules and Determination

of Core-Loading Percentage of Microcapsules Samantha Anderson, Dr. Brian McFarland The process of microencapsulation aims to increase the shelf-life of peroxides by prohibiting reaction over time via protection by a shell surrounding the core material. The shell is composed of a compound containing an isocyanate group and a compound containing an amine group, while the peroxide acts as the protected core material. When preparing the microcapsules, different types of compounds containing various types of amine groups or isocyanate groups are tested, in addition to the ratios used. For example, a reactant containing several amine groups may result in greater cross-linking with the isocyanate groups of the other reactant, forming a more rigid shell around the peroxide core. The procedure for determining core-loading percentage aims to determine the quality of the shells produced by the types of amine or isocyanate compounds used, in addition to the ratios tested. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Brian McFarland

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Mathematics (Quantitative) 21. Continued Fractions

Alex Borchers This project covers the study of continued fractions. Continued fractions, among other things, give us a way to represent irrational numbers with a rational approximation. We take a look at theorems and properties related to the period length of irrational numbers and ways to represent all real numbers as continued fractions. In our research, we used the period length of infinite continued fractions to look for certain trends with a variety of different numbers, such as the square root of even and odd numbers, to characterize sets of numbers. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Chris Spicer

Accounting (Qualitative) 22. Taxability of Cash Tips

Hayden Godfrey and Gabrielle Roe Gabrielle Roe In this poster, we present the taxability of cash tips in the foodservice industry. We research the requirements for reporting cash tips within the Internal Revenue Code and summarize these requirements in our poster. In addition, we provide an example to help those outside of our research gain a better understanding of the taxability of cash tips. Faculty Sponsor: Mr. Mark Nielsen

23. Whistleblower Compensation: Rewards for Uncovering Illegal Activity Becky Hanson In this presentation, we present a review of the taxability of whistleblowers’ proceeds. We explore 4 aspects of whistleblower compensation: (1) the definition of a whistleblower, (2) why they are compensated, (3) the amount they are compensated, and (4) how the IRS taxes the compensation. We summarize the definitions and other important facts based on what we have

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learned from the Internal Revenue Code, IRS publications, and analyses of the Code. Faculty Sponsor: Mr. Mark Nielsen

24. Can a Swimming Pool be a Medical Expense? Alexandra Gillette This tax research was conducted to answer the question of whether or not a pool could be considered a legitimate medical expense under current tax law. For the case in question, the taxpayer was diagnosed with osteoarthritis and needs access to a pool to alleviate his pain and increase his mobility. As building a pool is expensive, he is wondering if it would be possible to deduct some of the expense. Per Section 213 of the Tax Code, capital expenses, while generally not considered medical expenses, are able to be deducted under certain conditions. If those conditions apply, the deduction is limited to the cost of the capital asset minus the increase in property value. However, based on guidance in Rev. Rul. 83-33, the upkeep and maintenance costs are fully deductible in the tax year incurred. Faculty Sponsor: Mr. Mark Nielsen

25. Taxation of Gambling and Game Show Winnings Mikaela Livengood, Nathan Glisar In this poster, we present a review of tax research. We will discuss the tax treatment of gambling winnings and losses, including winnings from game shows. We present the client’s case facts, recognize the issue, state our research findings, and provide an analysis and summary of our findings using tax authorities such as Internal Revenue Service Publications and Internal Revenue Code Sections. Faculty Sponsor: Mr. Mark Nielsen

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CIC Presentations I UPS Auditorium 1. 8:00-8:15 Do You Suffer from Nomophobia? Anxiety Could be

a Sign. Trey Kluender Industrialized nations are wrestling with a new phobia, nomophobia. This moniker applies to cell phone users who become anxious when they lose their phone, have no network coverage, or run out of battery. Is this phobia prevalent among Morningside students, and if so, how does it compare to national statistics? Faculty Sponsor: Shelley Molland

2. 8:15-8:30 The Housing Shortage: Past, Present, and Future

Faith Meyer A shortage of affordable housing is an issue that we are still dealing with today, due to the effects of the housing crash in 2008. In 2008, potential home buyers were taking some huge risks contributing to the market crash. After the crash, there was a drop in home sales and construction of new homes. Homeowners were also unable to pay their mortgages and other bills. In addition, low employment rates and less-affordable housing are making people choose to rent a home rather than to buy. These factors have led to a drop in homeowner rates. The future of the housing shortage is yet to be determined. There are innovative ideas such as mortgage interest deduction, shared equity, and tiny houses to help the housing market. These ideas will build up the housing market and make more affordable housing, making the housing shortage a thing of the past. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

3. 8:30-8:45 Trend Analysis of Obesity and Portion Sizes

Zachary Diehl The increase in obesity over the last twenty years has many causes, but a major cause is the massive increase in portion sizes that occurred in the 1980’s. The increase in the amount per portion size

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has had a major impact on American health in relation to obesity. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Leslie Werden

4. 8:45-9:00 The Downfall of the King

Jeffrey Widhelm This presentation identifies the main cause of the fall of Burger King. The goal is to show how Burger King was once a powerhouse in the fast food industry but is now on track to be bankrupt. The first phase of the speech focuses on Burger King’s past and how the industry has evolved. The second and third phase focus on a first-hand experience and statistics proving the downfall of the King. Following these phases is a theory on why Burger King is becoming almost nonexistent. In this theory, examples of a more health-conscious society are given. By research and analysis, the answers behind the downfall of Burger King are revealed. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Leslie Werden

LUNCH BREAK 11:45-12:30

KEYNOTE SPEAKER: 12:45 in UPS of Lincoln Center

Dr. Darlene Kertes - The Impacts of Stress and

Trauma on Human Development Afternoon Poster Session 2:00–3:00

Yockey Psychology (Qualitative) 26. Psychological and Physiological Effects on the Human Mind

and Body Jori EllenBecker Yoga is beneficial for individuals on a physical and mental level. There are aspects to the yogic practice, such as mindfulness, that help to exercise our minds and work in a cognitive and calm

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fashion. Physically, yoga impacts every aspect of our body. It helps to release positive hormones, as well as benefiting our cardiovascular system. During pregnancy, yoga has the ability to benefit not only the mother, but also the baby. Prenatal yoga helps to increase birth weight of the infant and make the delivery process much easier. Yoga has a positive effect on both physiological and psychological ailments. Both mindfulness and the benefit that our bodies get from practicing yoga could drastically benefit our health. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jack Hill

27. The Role of Social Cognitive Processes in Borderline 

Personality Disorder Brooke Smith Borderline personality disorder is a severe psychiatric condition               that is partially characterized by unstable interpersonal             relationships. The current review analyzes various research on               social cognitive processes to support the hypothesis that deficits in                   social cognitive processes cause the interpersonal dysfunctions.             The social cognitive processes discussed are social cognition,               theory of mind, mentalization, and emotion recognition.             Perceptions of interpersonal experiences and how they relate to the                   deficits are also discussed to further look at the dysfunctions.                   Lastly, limitations such as problems with the methods in some                   studies and the results not being generalizable as well as future                     directions for research are discussed.  Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jack Hill 

28. What Is the Deal with Homework?  

Vanessa Santos Homework is seen as a space for students to practice the skills                       they have learned in schools, at home. Many questions                 surrounding the effectiveness of homework have arisen.             Homework can be a useful tool for both teachers and students if                       safeguards are set in place to ensure its effectiveness. Factors such                     

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as age-appropriateness, relevance, and resources available to the               student are a few things that may impact effectiveness of                   homework. In my research I interviewed Sioux City teachers                 about homework to learn more about these factors. I found that                     the shape homework takes is largely left up to the discretion of the                         teacher. For the most part, teachers are sympathetic towards their                   students’ situations and have found ways to ensure that their                   students are learning the content, while at the same time keeping                     the individual needs of the students in mind, when it comes to                       homework. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica Pleuss  

29. Mental Health Within The Prison System: Views From Law Enforcement Personnel  Jordan Drew Prisons and jails have become America’s “new asylums:” The                 number of individuals with serious mental illness in prisons and                   jails now exceeds the number in state psychiatric hospitals tenfold                   (Torrey, Zdanowicz, Kennard, Lamb, Eslinger, Biasotti, Fuller,             (2014). The United States is currently known to have one of the                       highest prison populations in the world. As of 2013 there was a                       prison population of 2,220,300 incarcerated in federal, state, and                 county jails, and 4,751,400 were on probation or parole. The                   purpose of my study is to examine what prisons and jails are                       doing to help inmates with mental illnesses so that they can                     become productive members of society once they are released                 from prison. Many prisons and jails have inadequate staff training                   to help people with mental illnesses. Receiving information from                 the staff can help to provide recommendations to their staff and be                       able to stop these individuals from recidivism. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Valerie Hennings  

30. Early Interventions in Schools to Prevent Social Anxiety Erica Sherman Social anxiety disorder is most commonly developed at a young                   

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age. Those who do not develop this disorder at a young age are                         less likely to develop it later in life. In order to reduce the                         development of SAD, it is important that a treatment plan is                     implemented at a young age. School is a perfect place for children                       to work on their social skills and problem solving. Treatment                   programs have been used in schools to help improve these skills.                     One of the big components of social anxiety disorder being                   developed in school is the fear of peer rejection, but programs like                       P.R.E.S.S. have skills for academic and social success allowing                 students to work with their peers and different techniques for                   accepting rejection. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon De Clute 

31. Necessity of the Therapeutic Alliance and Other Variables in Counseling  Morgan Gourley In counseling and therapy practices there are many different                 techniques and strategies that the counselor uses to help the client                     overcome symptoms of their illness. The therapeutic alliance is                 especially important in helping clients diminish and suppress the                 symptoms of their illness. The therapeutic alliance allows the                 client to form a bond with the counselor to help them open up and                           find the best treatment. Along with the therapeutic alliance there                   are also other important variables necessary for a successful                 treatment, such as genuineness, empathy, concreteness, and             motivation. Research establishing the necessity of a strong               therapeutic alliance and the importance of other variables for                 Dissociative Identity Disorder, Eating Disorders, Schizophrenia,           PTSD, and others are presented. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jack Hill  

32. The Effects of Adoption and Foster Care on the Child’s Future Marie Sitz The history of adoption is a long-standing history that runs                   

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throughout America and the World. That history includes mostly                 children being adopted by non-biologically related adults and each                 ear shows the societal issues that are to be faced (Herman, 2012 as                         cited in Wiley, 2017). This study looks at not only adoption but                       foster care and how the effects benefit or harm the future of a                         child. This study included 85 college students at Morningside                 College and asked them multiple questions about how they feel                   about adoption and foster care in our society. These students were                     asked these questions to test the hypothesis, “children who are                   adopted have more success than children who are from the foster                     care system.” Adoption and foster care have always had a                   long-standing history in our nation and in our world, and it is                       always good to find out more information. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Jessica Pleuss 

Psychology (Quantitative) 33. Empathetic Embarrassment  

Allyssa Rager and Jazmin Abarca Empathetic embarrassment is when you feel empathy for someone                 else who is experiencing an embarrassing situation. In our study                   we decided to explore whether or not attraction would have an                     effect on the level of empathy felt. All participants were shown                     two videos of individuals in embarrassing situations and were                 given a post-test to measure for empathy and attraction levels for                     each video. The participants were randomly shown either the same                   sex or opposite sex video first. There was no difference between                     the male and female ratings and no difference between same or                     opposite sex within the male or female groups. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon Claxton  

Nursing (Quantitative)  34. What Are the Patterns of Employment Characteristics 

Associated with Burnout Scores in Nurse Practitioners? Michaela Anderson This study examines burnout among nurse practitioners. While               

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burnout is well studied, it is lacking information specific to nurse                     practitioners. This study asks two questions: What is the                 prevalence of burnout among nurse practitioners? What is the                 correlation of each independent variable with the severity of                 burnout? To study this, a questionnaire was used to interview 23                     nurse practitioners recruited from two nurse practitioner societies.               They answered questions about work variables (hours worked,               evening/overnight shifts, patients seen per shift, and years of                 practice) along with the ProQOL version 5 which provides a                   burnout score. Mean burnout score is a 50, which is an average                       score. A graphic analysis showed those with lower levels of                   burnout work 40-49 hours per week, with little to no                   evening/overnight shifts, and see 11-20 patients per shift. More                 research is recommended.  Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson 

35. An Analysis of Student Nurse Practitioners’ Accuracy Applying CPT E/M Codes  Joy Larsen This study examined the application of CPT E&M codes among                   nurse practitioner students and recent (<1 year) graduates at Nylen                   School of Nursing. All currently enrolled NP students and recent                   graduates at Nylen School of Nursing were invited to complete an                     online questionnaire using SurveyMonkey® to assess CPT E/M               coding. The questionnaire contained 15 questions (four general               demographic questions and five Likert questions related to               personal experiences with coding). Participants were asked to               determine the appropriate CPT E&M codes for six hypothetical                 case studies. Data showed CPT E/M mean coding accuracy rate                   was 21.85%. Substantial over coding occurred in 5 out of 6 case                       studies (or 83.3% of the time). These findings suggest that nurse                     practitioner students have difficulty determining the proper CPT               E/M code. Students may benefit from additional CPT E/M                 education. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson 

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 36. A Comparison of Exclusive Breastfeeding Before and After 

Rooming-In Policy Implementation Rachel Wubben The purpose of this comparative, quantitative study is to compare                   the rate of exclusive breastfeeding prior to and after the                   implementation of a “rooming-in” policy. This planned study uses                 the entire population of mothers (estimated 2,500 women)               delivering viable, healthy infants in a 42-bed labor/post-partum               unit in a central, northern tier state from January 2016 to                     December 2017. A planned retrospective chart review was               designed to review documentation of infant feeding method               (including intended infant feeding method prior to delivery for                 comparison) for one year prior and one year post policy                   implementation. Comparative analyses including T-tests and           box-plot distributional analyses are planned. Findings of this study                 are pending data collection.  Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

37. Measuring Relationships Among Hourly Rounding on Patient

Falls, Satisfaction and Call Lights Becky Stoltz Hospitals strive to continuously enhance the quality and safety of patient care while improving patient care experiences. Preventing falls and increasing patient satisfaction are challenges that nurses face each day. The purpose of the quantitative study was to examine patient fall rates, patient satisfaction scores and call light rates on a Medical-Surgical floor before and after a renewed nursing focus on hourly rounding. A retrospective comparison of data six months pre- and post-implementation of a renewed focus on hourly rounding was completed. The results showed a decrease in the average number of falls on the Medical-Surgical floor, a slight decrease in patient satisfaction scores and an increase in the call light usage rate. In conclusion, hourly rounding is an

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important nursing strategy for providing safe patient care and improving quality outcomes in hospitals. Rounding is an ideal opportunity to engage the patient and family in their care. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

38. Acuity Model Implementation and Changes in Nurses' Job Satisfaction Stephaney Eckhart Healthcare facilities have noticed an increase in the volume and acuity of patients. Staff satisfaction can be affected by these issues and by insufficient staffing or unequal patient assignments. These issues may put patients and staff at risk for poor outcomes. Acuity models have been created to reduce this risk. These are tools used to assess patient needs and nursing care necessary to meet those needs, to justify extra staffing, and to create balanced patient assignments. This research study was done at a small rural hospital, with a purposeful sample of all registered nurses employed by Guthrie County Hospital. Baseline staff satisfaction was assessed using the Nursing Workplace Satisfaction Questionnaire (NWSQ). Then an acuity model created by the hospital was implemented. After two months, the NWSQ was redistributed to assess for changes. This research study answers the question of whether nurse satisfaction changes when acuity models are implemented. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

39. Workplace Violence: Examination of an Emergency Nurse's Perception of Personal Safety Debbie Fletcher Workplace Violence is a phenomenon in healthcare settings, especially in the Emergency Department (ED), with nurses the most common victims of violence committed by patients and visitors. Research is deficient on factors affecting an ED nurse’s perception of personal safety. The study looked at perceptions in relation to security guard coverage in the ED, education on

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de-escalation techniques, and a nurse’s self-efficacy. A quantitative exploratory design was employed using a survey composed of two scales, the Personal Workplace Safety Instrument for Emergency Nurses (PWSI-EN) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The sample was full- and part-time ED nurses from a 23-bed level 2 trauma facility in an upper Midwest city (n=28). A comparative methods-graphic analysis was conducted. Of the participants, 100% had experienced verbal abuse and 70% did not feel safe in the work environment. Results will be shared with management to assist in implementing improved safety interventions. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

40. Perceptions of Opioid Medications: An Investigation of Adults Residing in Rural Iowa Katherine Ericson Pressure is being placed on politicians, pharmaceutical             companies, healthcare providers and pharmacies to find a solution                 to the devastating “opioid epidemic” which claims the lives of 91                     Americans everyday (Barry et al., 2015). Existing literature               describes the extent of the issue; however, said literature contains                   little information describing the general populations’           understanding of opioid medications. Lack of education about               opioids may lead to instances of misuse. This study aims to                     establish an overall understanding of what adults residing in rural,                   Northwest Iowa know about opioid medications. The researcher               utilized a survey tool to gather information from adults visiting a                     family-owned pharmacy (N=77). Participants ranked opioid abuse             as a moderately severe issue related to other prominent health                   concerns and 17% felt they were not educated on the medication                     when it was prescribed. Knowledge gained through this study can                   help healthcare providers educate patients regarding these             medications to help prevent their misuse. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

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41. Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Adults 55 and

Older Heidi Braunschweig The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term use of 2                         different PPIs, their doses, and associated side effects (vitamin                 B12 deficiency). Developing these side effects from PPI use leads                   to additional healthcare dollars being spent to treat them. All                   patients 55 years or older on a PPI in a primary care program for                           the elderly in a Midwest region of the United States were included                       in this study (N=73). This retrospective study used data reports                   from the electronic medical records. Nineteen percent of the                 patients on a PPI had side effects. When medications were                   analyzed, 21% of omeprazole users had side effects compared to                   only 15% of pantoprazole users. The prevalence of side effects                   increased as dosages increased for both omeprazole and               pantoprazole. Providers must take caution when prescribing PPIs               to avoid unnecessary side effects. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

42. Total Knee Arthroplasty Correlations between Physical Therapy and Hospital Length of Stay Holly Lorenzen The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in physical therapy initiation in total knee arthroplasty patients, and determine correlations to hospital length of stay. A retrospective chart review was done for all total knee arthroplasty patients in January 2017, in a southwestern 31 bed orthopedic unit. The sample size (n) was decreased to 59 after exclusions. A correlation study was performed, and no statistically-significant correlations were determined between hospital length of stay and when physical therapy was initiated. Significant findings conclude that if PT was started later in patients’ stay, then their 2nd PT session would also be late. Also, females take more hours between surgery and their

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second PT session consistently more than males. Identifying post-operative reasons for extended hospital length of stay is important to decrease cost to hospitals. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

43. A Descriptive Study of Graduate Student Nurse Prioritization of Patient Handoff and Sources of Knowledge Angela Madsen Nurses are trained to complete patient handoffs while in an undergraduate program, through repetition in the clinical environment. Medical residents receive education related to patient handoff during their curriculum. Graduate Nurse programs have many different tracks from Clinical Nurse Leader to Nurse Practitioner, and each has a different curriculum to follow. This descriptive study examines the sources of knowledge and prioritization of care during patient handoffs. My sample size is 96 graduate nurses attending a college in the upper midwest. The graduate nurses surveyed are in various levels of the program from 1st year to 4th year, and are in different educational tracks offered at the college. Research questions asked include: What are graduate level nursing students’ perceived confidence level related to a leadership role with patient handoffs? How do patient handoff component prioritizations differ based on educational position within a graduate nursing program? Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

44. Nurse-to-Nurse Bullying and Intent to Leave

Selena Meacham The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of nurse-to-nurse bullying and its relationship to intent to leave a workplace. Registered nurses of the Emergency Department and Clinical Decision Unit participated in this study. A 10-question survey was distributed by email to ED and CDU nurses. Descriptive and correlational statistics were calculated. Twenty-seven of fifty-one surveys were completed. Fifty-one

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percent reported being a victim of bullying at least once, and ninety-six percent report witnessing bullying at least once in the last year. Forty-four percent have, at least, considered leaving the workplace due to experiences of nurse-to-nurse bullying. Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient between being a victim and intent to leave was 0.545. Nurse-to-nurse bullying is a very prevalent issue in these two departments. There is a statistically-significant relationship between being the victim of nurse-to-nurse bullying and intent to leave the workplace. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

45. Horizontial/Lateral Violence in Nursing: The Relationship to

New Nurse Retention Amy Feddersen Introduction: Lateral violence (LV) among nurses leads to many negative consequences This study explored the relationship between nurses’ experience with LV as a new nurse and vertical violence (VV) as a student nurse, and the association with retention. From the population of 33 new nurses 21 (64%) participated. Participants completed a survey asking about experience with LV and VV. Results: New nurses (76%) reported having experience with LV as a graduate. Most also reported experience with VV from RNs as a student (71%). The relationship between nurse experience with LV and thoughts of leaving current job were highly significant (Tb 0.76; p <0.05). Conclusion: LV has a greater association with planned exodus from job than experience with VV as a student. This may indicate VV is an expectation of time-limited power differential between the student and professional status which contrasts to the RN-to-RN employment relationship where less power differential exists. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

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46. Knowledge of Heart Disease Among Latina Women Maria Azpeitia Knowledge deficits related to heart disease (HD) may lead to underdiagnosis if women do not seek treatment. Currently, there is a lack of research regarding Latina women’s knowledge level of HD. The purpose of this research was to determine Latina women’s (aged 18-68 years) knowledge of HD. This research used a non-random purposive-sample obtained from customers shopping at a local Hispanic store in a north-central U.S. region. A 15-item questionnaire was administered to 58 participants questioning their general knowledge of HD. Findings indicated that women who knew someone with HD had a higher knowledge score. The mean score was 10.84 (total scale range 0-15). Median 11. Mode 10. There was a low, positive, statistically-significant relationship (r=.048; p<.05) between knowing someone with HD and total knowledge score. The findings indicate a need for further research on HD. Education for prevention of HD is a vital goal within Latina women. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

47. A Retrospective Analysis of Hand Hygiene Compliance Michelle Weber According to the CDC, one in 25 hospital patients has at least one healthcare-associated infection (HAI). HAI can increase the length of patient stay, be a cause for patient readmission, increase costs of healthcare, and can make patients susceptible to other illnesses. Patterns of hand hygiene compliance on ICU units and healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rates was researched in this study. This study aims to identify if poor hand hygiene rates in ICU staff results in higher HAI rates, by comparing monthly data. A retrospective descriptive design was used to complete this study. Prior to the study, one hospital in the upper-Midwest United States collected data of hand hygiene of healthcare workers as well as HAI data. This data was reviewed and analyzed for statistical significance. Data from 12 months were

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analyzed to determine HAI and hand hygiene patterns across time on two separate ICU units. The results of this study are pending. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

48. Emergence Delirium Documentation in Pediatric Patients Nicki Mausbach There is a concern with patients receiving general anesthesia and waking up in a delirious state called emergence delirium (ED). The literature identified the PAED scale as a reliable tool to diagnose ED. This study examined nursing documentation, medication orders, physician response time, and time in PACU prior to and after implementing the PAED rating scale. The research design utilized is a retrospective, correlational, descriptive design. Prior to implementing the PAED scale, 37.8% of charts had nursing documentation present. Time spent in PACU=35.21 minutes. After implementation, 60.4% of charts had nursing documentation present. Time spent in PACU=32.65 minutes. There was no statistical significance (p=.166) with which medication was ordered and the length of time in the PACU. There was an improvement in nursing documentation of the patient’s behavior in the PACU setting. A possible implication of this study is to incorporate the PAED scale into patient assessments. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

49. Self-Reported Nutrition Counseling Practices Among Primary Care Nurse Practitioners Spencer Zimmerman Nutrition plays a critical role in three of the top four leading causes of death: heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular diseases. Nurse practitioners who belonged to their state associations and practice in primary care settings in the states of Nebraska, Utah, and South Dakota were asked to participate in a survey. Participants in Nebraska received an email from their website manager. Utah and South Dakota participants would see

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the survey request on the home page of their association website. A total of eleven individuals completed the survey. Six reported utilizing nutrition counseling in greater than 50% of patient encounters. A nonparametric correlation showed no statistically-significant relationships were identified among nutrition counseling, reimbursement, education, confidence, and dietary referrals. More research is needed to examine counseling practices and barriers. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

50. A Parent's Perspective of their Adolescent’s Anxiety Related to Self Disease-Management of Type 1 Diabetes Melissa Miller Anxiety related to management of type 1 diabetes in adolescents                   may lead to non-compliance which can lead to higher A1C levels                     and future complications from the disease. This research project is                   a quantitative study to determine the level of psychological                 distress expressed among parents about their adolescent’s             disease-management-related anxieties. Parents witness the         psychological distress that their adolescent goes through with the                 responsibility of trying to manage a chronic illness as they                   transition from their parent’s guidance to independence. To what                 extent do parents perceive anxiety in their adolescent regarding                 self disease-management of type 1 diabetes? This project is a                   descriptive survey design. A survey was posted on a Facebook                   page, Diabetic Living, requesting volunteer parents to complete               the survey. The Diabetic Living Facebook page was an untested                   site for data collection, and no surveys were returned. Based on                     what was learned from the data collection efforts, implications for                   further research is needed.  Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

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51. Tylenol vs Norco for Pain Management in Postoperative Patients Josh Steinberg Opioid as well as non-opioid medication use in postoperative patients is a common practice for pain control. Multiple studies have shown that postoperative pain control with a combination of intravenous (IV) Tylenol and IV opioids in orthopedic surgeries is associated with statistically and significantly shorter lengths of stay (LOS), decreased opioid utilization, and lower hospitalization costs compared to IV opioids alone. However there is lacking data on how effective Tylenol is alone at controlling pain. The purpose of this quantitative study is to compare the effectiveness of PO Tylenol versus PO Norco on pain relief in postoperative hip and knee replacements in a 25-bed critical-access hospital in the Midwest. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

52. Patient's Perception of Provider's Dietary Counseling at the

Time of Hashimoto's Diagnosis Josh Sorenson Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies that attack the thyroid gland rendering the thyroid unable to produce the two main thyroid hormones. Providers often treat the underactive thyroid but fail to address the underlying autoimmune cause that may be responsive to dietary modification. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and type of dietary recommendations clinicians are giving to their Hashimoto’s patients at the time of diagnosis. The research participants are members of an online Hashimoto’s support group (n=193). Data collection was performed via a Survey Monkey link posted on the support group page. Results showed 76% of patients did not receive dietary counseling at the time of their diagnosis. It is recommended that providers need to introduce the potential benefits of dietary restrictions in slowing

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the progression of Hashimoto’s. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

53. Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients: A Gender

Comparison Tyler Arensdorf Patients with heart failure are not being evaluated on how their heart failure symptoms affect their quality of life. This research project aims to understand the difference between men and women’s quality of life after heart failure diagnosis. The five participants in this study accessed the survey via the American Heart Association of North and South Dakota’s Facebook page. This is a non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive, comparative study. The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire was utilized to assess the participants’ perception of their symptoms. Findings indicate men have a higher perceived quality of life, but that as females aged their perceived quality of life declined. Due to small sample size, generalizations of the results to the general population prove difficult. More studies should be performed to further understand gender differences pertaining to perceived quality of life and its progression among heart failure patients. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

54. Surgical Case Cancellations Marla Irish Surgical case cancellations are a daily occurrence for a metropolitan ambulatory surgical hospital system in the Midwest. Cancellations are frustrating for patients and staff alike. Cancelling surgical cases delays surgical treatment, interrupts both patient and staff schedules, and has a significant financial impact. The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons for surgical case cancellations and to identify surgical cancellation trends across time. Data for two years were collected through retrospective medical record review, representing 4100 cancelled

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surgical cases. The impact of two process improvements implemented at the beginning of this study to reduce cancellations will be tracked across time. Knowledge gained from this study may point to implications and further process changes to decrease the cancellation rate and lessen financial losses. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

55. Assessing Confidence Level of Medication Adherence in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Kara Reis The purpose of this study was to examine if a relationship exists between patients’ perspective regarding confidence level managing medications and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). A link to Survey Monkey® was posted on the Diabetic Living Facebook® page for one month, where participants self-enrolled into the study. Survey consisted of 23 questions including 7 questions related to demographics, 8 Likert scale questions relating to self-efficacy for managing medications (General Self-Efficacy Scale instrument), and 8 questions to evaluate if participants take medications as prescribed (MMAS- 8-Item). Findings showed a small sample size (N=2), both males, Caucasian, ages 30-64, both with private insurance. Data showed high confidence levels to manage medications despite differences in HbA1c control (6-6.9% vs 12-12.9%). Further research is needed to assess confidence level in managing medication adherence for adults with T2DM. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dianna Sorenson

CIC Presentations II UPS Auditorium 1. 2:00-2:15 What is Civic Engagement?

Adam Carlson In my presentation, I will evaluate what it means to be civically engaged in today’s society. Our nation is changing from a duty-based society to a more engaged society. America’s

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population has believed that paying taxes, voting, and obeying the law are necessary to be civically engaged. However, these beliefs are being forced to evolve, largely due to technology. Ranging from the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School students’ lobbying for gun regulations through Twitter, to President Donald Trump’s constant tweets, technology is widening our perception on engagement. Voter turnout in America is among the lowest in the world when compared to other advanced democracies. Therefore, we cannot evaluate how engaged a person is when just over half of our population votes in presidential elections and even less in midterm elections. The United States public must realize there are far more ways to be engaged, especially as civic engagement continues to change. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Valerie Hennings

2. 2:15-2:30 Today’s Youth and Gender Stereotyping Beverly Beckner In recent years, gender bias, labeling, and stereotyping have become major issues. Recent research indicates today’s youth are rejecting their gender labels, redefining gender, and speaking up about the stereotypes and biases that they face every day. These young people are focusing on who they feel they are. Research supports that these youth are taking control of their view of themselves, and reshaping the way society views them. Growing awareness of transgender issues may make teenagers more comfortable steering away from traditional gender labels. In addition, research indicates that intervention programs for teachers aimed at decreasing gender stereotypes show promise in reducing gender bias. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

3. 2:30-2:45 The Invention, Development, and Social Impact of Instant Noodles Devon Payne Ramen Noodles were invented in 1958 by Momofuku Ando,

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whose home country of Japan was dealing with hunger following the American occupation after World War II. The process of creating the noodles is simple, involving flash drying and packaging after adding seasoning oil. Making the product, once bought, is even easier; all you have to do is boil the noodles and add seasoning. Ramen Noodles are a worldwide product, with flavors differing in different regions, based upon cultural and religious tastes, and their simplicity makes it easy to turn them into an entirely different dish. Due to their inexpensive price, many poor countries are less hungry. Even with the upsides of helping to alleviate world hunger, there is a price. Ramen Noodles are extremely high in sodium; however, this can be counteracted by drinking the recommended daily intake of water. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Anni Moore

4. 2:45-3:00 The Impact of Changing Gender Roles on

Marriage Structure Taylor Van Vliet This paper examines how marriages in the 1960s through the 1980s were impacted by the changing gender roles, specifically women’s roles, during those decades. The essay uses a collection of data and information from various studies that illustrate a relationship between gender roles and marriages. Between the 1960s and 1980s, many women experienced a boost in self esteem, entered the workforce for the first time, and became more involved in the decision-making process for their families. Because of these factors, many marriages experienced a shift in power and the division of household labor. Using research from the time and primary sources, this paper explains the relationship between the progress in women’s roles and the evolution of marriages. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon Claxton

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Oral Session IX 2:30-3:15 Biology (Quantitative) LC 102 1. 2:30-2:45 Soil N Availability Promotes Copiotrophic

Microbial Growth in Tallgrass Prairie Soil Matthew Nieland, Lydia Zeglin Anthropogenic alterations to tallgrass prairie ecosystems, such as fire suppression and nitrogen (N) fertilizers, have altered soil N concentrations. Aboveground productivity has benefitted from the N surplus; however, total respiration from soil microbial communities and biomass have generally decreased. Increased N may be supporting copiotrophs (fast-growing, carbon inefficient bacteria) in the community, potentially changing the carbon cycle. Soil-dwelling bacteria were cultured from Konza Prairie (Kansas) soils that have been undergoing a 30-year experiment with different N treatments. Growth rates and CO2 respirations were determined from each isolate that was taxonomically determined using 16S rRNA. 143 pure cultures were used to determine that recently fertilized plots had higher growth rates, indicating faster-growing bacteria were more prevalent. Burned plots featured slower growth rates, supporting oligotrophic growing conditions. Growth efficiencies declined as N-availability increased. Overall, copiotrophs appeared to be prevalent in N-enhanced soils, supporting the copiotrophic hypothesis. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Anni Moore

2. 2:45-3:00 Differential Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Between Athletes and Performing Artists Jenna Winkler The purpose of this study was to examine whether inspiratory muscle training (IMT) had differential effects between athletes and performing artists’ diaphragm performance. It was hypothesized that the performing artists would experience greater improvements in diaphragm performance than the athletes following an IMT program. No significant difference in maximal expiratory flow rate (EFR) was observed between the groups or compared to controls.

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While athletes and performing artists both experienced significant improvements in diaphragm performance following the IMT program compared to the control group, no significant difference was observed between the groups for their percent change in IP or EFR. The data suggests that performing artists’ diaphragm performance responds similarly to athletes’ following a IMT program, which is likely due to regular use of their respiratory muscles when practicing for performances. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Aaron Bunker

3. 3:00-3:15 The Effects of Glacial Acetic Acid on Cell Visibility in Papanicolaou Tests Ashton Schweers A Papanicolaou test (pap smear) is a screening method used to detect precancerous and cancerous cells on the cervix. It is common for pap smears to contain blood due to the scraping of live cells. This ultimately disrupts the view of the cells and does not allow for an accurate diagnosis. In this case, bloody pap smears are generally treated with glacial acetic acid (GAA) to remove blood from the specimen. The purpose of this study was to look at the effectiveness of glacial acetic acid on the quality of pap smears. This was done by comparing slides of untreated specimens to that of slides after they were treated with GAA. In all, the GAA greatly improved the visibility and availability of cells on the slide. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Anni Moore

Oral Session X 2:30-3:15 Psychology and Political Science (Quantitative) LC 103 1. 2:30-2:45 The Expression of Prejudice in Public and Private

Teresa Sutton, Selena Leon, Jacob Waln Prejudice has plagued history for years and continues today. Monin and Miller (2001) found that acting non-prejudiced might make prejudice more likely later. Plant and Devine (1998) found that prejudice is more likely to occur privately than publicly. Contrarily, Lambert et al. (2003) found that prejudice might

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increase in public with debate or social anxiety. The current study examined how public and private conditions affect prejudice expression. After participants’ prejudice levels were measured, they read a job scenario and descriptions of one job candidate implied to be white and one implied to be an ethnic minority. Participants made their hiring choice either privately or publicly. Since our study did not prompt debate or social anxiety, we hypothesized that participants would hire the prejudiced choice more often privately than publicly. Results showed that prejudiced attitudes did not predict hiring choice and significantly more people than expected chose the prejudiced choice publicly. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shannon Claxton

2. 2:45-3:00 Media’s Effects on the President’s Overall Success Alyssa Ehlers This study researches the amount of media a president uses during campaigning and overall success as a president. In order to determine whether or not one was successful, original campaign speeches from President Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama were reviewed. The researcher quantified objectives that were promised to the public from different speeches by using a program called Yoshikoder to code the number of times a promise or a goal was initiated. By using this program, it was easy to compare how many times an idea was promised from each president. The researcher sought to find if the number of goals correlated with the amount of media a president used during campaigning. The researcher hypothesized that Barack Obama would be the most successful and also would be the most influenced by media; additionally, the use of media will affect all of these presidents. Overall, the hypotheses were negated. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Valerie Hennings

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3. 3:00-3:15 How Does Bullying Affect the Social/Emotional Development of Middle-Level Students? Jackson Allen The presentation, “How Does Bullying Affect the Social and Emotional Development of Middle-Level Students?” delves into the effects that bullying has on students socially, emotionally, and mentally. It accounts a personal connection, news stories, and statistics to show the impacts of bullying and how it can alter students. Written from a pre-service teacher standpoint, school issues and examples are presented to make school personnel aware of an issue that is often overlooked. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Celia Stevenson

Oral Session XI 2:30-3:30 Marketing I (Quantitative) LC 104 1. 2:30-2:45 Convenience: The Backbone of Google’s

Development Pedro Fernandes This mixed-methods report features research gathered from primary and secondary sources on Google’s growth marketing strategy, its strengths to develop customer value, its competitive advantage, and more. This American multinational technology company specializes in internet-related services and products, and has become the second-most-valuable brand in the world. By updating and diversifying all of its products, Google has demonstrated that it is determined to provide convenient, sophisticated, and reliable online resources, such as a search engine and online drive to allow its users to access and organize any kind of information. The primary research obtained demonstrates that users see Google as a reliable, useful, and simple-yet-sophisticated online resource. The secondary research provides further insight on how Google has managed to grow as a company through its strengths, current trends within its market environment, and innovation by interconnecting all its products. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

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2. 2:45-3:00 Nike's Marketing Success: The Secrets Behind the

Swoosh Mason Hahne This mixed-methods report features research gathered from both primary and secondary sources about Nike’s marketing strategy, marketing environment, and brand equity. For decades, Nike has remained on top of the sports apparel world because of their ability to develop strengths and competitive advantages that have created separation from their competition. To remain on top, the company has faced several opportunities and obstacles in their marketing environment including athletic leisure wear, counterfeit products, and the Chinese market. By taking advantage of opportunities and minimizing threats, the company is likely to maintain their position on top, and the research obtained from the primary research survey supports this claim. The survey research suggests that Nike apparel is well-known, comfortable, and has prices and quality that are commonly seen as being superior to competition. The research has also indicated that some of the company’s innovative products are not highly associated with their brand image. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

3. 3:00-3:15 Southwest Airlines Brand: Taking Flight Bo Els This mixed-methods presentation includes research from both primary and secondary data regarding Southwest Airlines’ marketing strategy, responses to industry trends, and brand image. Primary research indicates that Southwest is a friendly, convenient, and valuable airline. Secondary data has inferred that Southwest has risen to the top of its industry due to its terrific customer service, low prices, and diverse flying routes. Responses from price and technological changes have also helped the company beat out its competition. Southwest’s marketing growth strategy will help the airline enter new markets and reach more customers. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

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4. 3:15-3:30 Feel the Force: An Exploration of the Star Wars

Brand Christina Vazquez This mixed-methods report focuses on Star Wars’ successful competition in the entertainment industry marketplace, using research gathered from both secondary and primary sources. A cultural icon, the Star Wars brand has reached its current position as an enjoyable, exciting, and family-friendly source of entertainment by capitalizing on market trends and providing a wide product line, creating value for consumers. Secondary research, including analyses from Bloomberg Businessweek, Ad Age, and information from the Star Wars website support the fact that Star Wars is continuing to penetrate the market. Primary research was obtained through a non-probability convenience sample through the website Survey Monkey. The survey confirmed that there is a high brand awareness to the point of cultural ubiquity, as well as that young women are interested in the brand, implying that Star Wars should continue to create enjoyable products and expand its product line offerings to such that appeal to women. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

Oral Session XII 2:30-3:30 Marketing II (Quantitative) LC 105 1. 2:30-2:45 The Stormy Skies of Marketing The Weather

Channel Brooke Riordan The Weather Channel faces many challenges while trying to market their products to its consumers. When most people think of The Weather Channel, the first thing that comes to mind is a television channel. As television viewing declines, how can a company that offers its services free of charge survive? And how does it manage to stay profitable? These questions and more were answered when researching the marketing surrounding the

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company. Using both primary and secondary research, I will explain both the strengths and weaknesses of The Weather Channel, where the company is most threatened, and how it might continue to attract more consumers in an ever-changing market. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

2. 2:45-3:00 Snapchat: Revolutionize the Camera and Capture the World Brian Howell This mixed-methods report features research gathered from both primary and secondary sources on Snapchat’s marketing strategy, response to marketing trends, and target markets. Snapchat has solidified itself as one the top photo messaging apps by providing its customers with a unique and high-quality experience. Snapchat focuses on revolutionizing their product with new and fun ways for people to interact, share, and connect with friends, family, and people all across the globe. The camera app offers a variety of advantages to people and businesses by allowing them to market themselves with filters and stories that promote social status and positive brand imaging. The information obtained through primary research indicates Snapchat’s ability to wow its customers with innovative and fun ways to use the camera. The secondary research shows that they have continued to improve and adapt their interfaces by adding new features as well as improving their current ones. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

3. 3:00-3:15 GoPro: Capturing the World One Frame at a Time Ryan Swanson This mixed-methods report focuses on GoPro and the success they have had in the outdoor action sports world. Using research gathered from primary and secondary sources, this presentation provides an inside look into what GoPro users think of the product. GoPro is a company that creates outdoor durable cameras that are made to withstand all of the elements that mother nature has to

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offer. Through constant work to evolve into a better camera and become more user friendly they have emerged as the top action sports camera in the market. In a world that is surrounded by continuous technological change, they have found ways to tie their cameras in with the smartphone, by creating an app that users can use to download and edit video straight from their smartphone. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

4. 3:15-3:30 The Value Spectrum of Sally Beauty Supply:

Where Professional and Colorful Coexist Alana Callahan Based on research gathered from both primary and secondary sources, this mixed-methods report focuses on Sally Beauty Supply’s marketing strategy, response to marketing trends, target markets, and more. As one of the largest retailers of high-quality and exclusive-label beauty products, Sally Beauty Supply serves both retail consumers and salon professionals around the globe. While the brand could substantially improve customer awareness, data obtained through a primary research survey reveals that consumers perceive Sally Beauty Supply as a reliable proponent of affordable pricing, customer service, and professional quality. Nevertheless, secondary research statistics portray the company’s sales trailing behind some of its primary competitors. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Marilyn Eastman

Oral Session XIII 2:30-3:30 Nursing I (Quantitative) LC 106 1. 2:30-2:45 Promoting Parental Involvement in Infant Care in

the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Missy Morenz, Ashley Bredlow, Elba Mendoza This study explores the effect of parental involvement in infant care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting of low birth weight infants. Studies by Reynolds et al. (2013), Gianni et al. (2016), and O’Brien et al (2013) explored ways to improve the outcomes of low birth weight infants in the NICU by increasing

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the participation of parents in care. Parental involvement includes skin-to-skin care, early breastfeeding, and rooming in visitation. These interventions have proved to lower reported parental stress levels, and improve weight gain, temperature stability, muscle tone, and a stronger infant-parent bond. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Shar Georgesen

2. 2:45-3:00 Positive Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy Rachelle Housh, Brett Cochran-Bray, Alex Allen Mirror therapy is a new intervention used in stroke and amputee rehabilitation programs globally. Different methods are used, but most commonly, a mirror is placed between the affected and unaffected limb to trick the brain into thinking that the affected limb is working as the unaffected limb does. This project examines various research to suggest that mirror therapy used alone or in conjunction with other therapies to help decrease spasticity and sensorimotor function in chronic stroke patients, and decrease phantom limb pain in amputee patients, provides better outcomes for those patients. Nurses should consider mirror therapy as an accessible treatment option for patients in hospital and home-care settings to improve patient outcomes. Faculty Sponsor: Amanda Haverhals

3. 3:00-3:15 Implementing Video Translation in Hospitals Katherine Grote, Shantel Askelson, Madi Braun Video translation is the use of technology to decrease language barriers between healthcare professionals and patients by using a trained, professional interpreter who is at a remote location. The use of these devices allows patients and providers to have a face-to-face conversation with the trained interpreter over video conferencing. This paper supports the use of video interpretation. Research shows the use of this technology reduces medical errors, increases patient comprehension, and improves patient and provider satisfaction. Many hospitals currently use in-person interpreters at the clinical site; however, video interpretation

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should be implemented to improve the care that patients receive. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Mary Kovarna

4. 3:15-3:30 Effects of Music Therapy in Mechanically-

Ventilated Patients Torrie Michels, Madison Harpenau, Mackenzie Cast Mechanical ventilation has the potential to increase frustration and agitation by limiting the patient's ability to communicate, provide self care, and breathe independently. There are various research studies that discuss the effects of music therapy specific to mechanically-ventilated patients. Complementary therapies may be used in addition to pharmacological interventions to relieve anxiety in these patients. Music is an inexpensive, noninvasive, and non-pharmacological intervention that can be easily implemented to provide patients with a sense of control related to their care in the intensive care unit. After reviewing a variety of current research articles, a conclusion can be drawn that music therapy is beneficial as an adjunct therapy in decreasing reported anxiety levels, physiological signs of stress, and amount of sedative agents used. A recommendation for intensive care unit departments is formed and directed towards the integration of musical therapy into the daily cares of the patients. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Mary Kovarna

Oral Session XIV 2:30-3:30 Nursing II (Quantitative) LC 107 1. 2:30-2:45 Psychosocial Care for Children During Medical

Procedures Leigh Schuldt, Abigail Sump, Megan Wolf Hospitals are over-stimulating environments where a child can experience high levels of anxiety, making them fearful of the hospital staff and medical procedures. If the environment is made more child friendly, the child is less likely to be fearful and more likely to be cooperative during medical procedures. Nurses’ use of methods such as therapeutic play, distraction, and multimedia have

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been shown to help care for the psychosocial needs of children during medical procedures. Implementation of these methods in the daily care of children is necessary to have a positive impact on the overall hospital experience for a child. Faculty Sponsor: Amanda Haverhals

2. 2:45-3:00 Positive Effects of Family Presence During Resuscitation Shannon Miller, Kim Hokinson, Katie Brown, Shae Kierscht Whether or not family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) is beneficial or harmful to the overall experience during treatment is a widely controversial practice. Although there is strong evidence that it is beneficial to the family, it is not consistently executed in the healthcare process. The purpose of our research was to investigate patient preferences and family perceptions, the effects on the healthcare team, and a lack of policy and procedure regarding family presence during resuscitation. Through a meta-analysis approach, we studied the benefits of FPDR. Our research showed the benefits outweigh the possible risks posed when FPDR is utilized. Our recommendation is that all hospitals implement a policy and procedure regarding FPDR. Faculty Sponsor: Lauri Sells

3. 3:00-3:15 Nursing Influence on Preoperative Anxiety in Surgical Patients Emily Keane, Jen Gaffney, Ashley Peterson Preoperative anxiety affects 60-80% of surgical patients. Patients experiencing preoperative anxiety report increased pain, nausea, vomiting, and prolonged recovery, and are at risk for infection in the postoperative period. Factors that contribute to preoperative anxiety include fear, decision making, lack of information received, and lack of recognition by healthcare professionals. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) assessment is a tool nurses can utilize to assess and screen for anxiety in patients preoperatively. It is the leading measure of anxiety and is used

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around the world. The STAI scores anxiety and identifies problematic areas for healthcare providers to address and treat before undergoing surgery. When treating anxiety, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies should be implemented. Non-pharmacological strategies include: guided imagery, music therapy, humor, and multimedia education. It is important for nurses and other healthcare professionals to recognize the need for intentional preoperative anxiety assessments and screenings before undergoing surgery to optimize patient recovery. Faculty Sponsor: Lori Doeschot

4. 3:15-3:30 Workplace Violence in the Emergency Room

Meagan Andersen, Brian Vanderberg, Kayla Moeller This research project focused on the effects of workplace violence on nurses in the emergency room and different methods used in the emergency room (ER), behavioral health units, and long-term care units to decrease workplace violence. Data were analyzed and we concluded that in a psychiatric setting, de-escalation strategies were effective in preventing violence, but once a situation escalated to violence, de-escalation strategies were ineffective. Methods used in the emergency department to decrease or stop workplace violence include staff training programs, mechanical restraints, and chemical restraints. Approximately 59% of patients that needed the restraints require more than one at a time. Staff training programs and chemical restraints were the most effective for decreasing workplace violence in the emergency department. Aggression management classes were also found to refresh and refine nurses’ knowledge about effective management of aggression. In the long term care setting, Dementia- and Alzheimer’s-specific training programs were found to be the most beneficial for staff members who were working to decrease violent outburst among those long-term care residents. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Lauri Sells

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         A special thanks to the Palmer family for their continued support in students’ research endeavors and to the Student Steering Committee (Allyssa Stevens, Cody Hankerson, Shannon Miller, Alex Allen, Jessy Huff, Elizabeth Roop, Maddie Dotzler, Kelsey Diggins, and Felipe Wolff Christiano) and the faculty advisors (Dr. Jessica LaPaglia and Dr. Kari Varner) for their hard work and dedication to make this event a success!

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