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Introduction to Colloids Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistry and Surface Chemistry and Surface Chemistry and Surface Chemistry

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Page 1: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

Introduction to Colloids Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryand Surface ChemistryIntroduction to Colloids Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryand Surface Chemistry

Page 2: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

I.I. Definition of ColloidDefinition of ColloidA system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately 1 nm to 1 μμm in size, are dispersed within a continuous medium in a manner that prevents them from being filtered easily or settled rapidly

Page 3: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

Colloidal Systems

Page 4: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

2. Academic Applications2. Academic Applications① Analytical chemistry: adsorption indicators, ion exchange, nephelometry,

precipitate filterability, chromatography, and decolorization ② Physical chemistry: nucleation; superheating, supercooling, and

supersaturation; liquid crystals ③ Biochemistry and molecular biology: electrophoresis; osmotic and Donann

equilibria and other membrane phenomena; viruses, nucleic acids, and proteins; and hematology

④ Chemical manufacturing: catalysis, soaps and detergents, paints, adhesives, and ink; paper and paper coating; pigments; thickening agents; and lubricants

⑤ Environmental science: aerosols, fog and smog, foams, water purification and sewage treatment; cloud seeding; and clean rooms

⑥ Materials science: powder metallurgy, alloys, ceramics, cement, fibers, and plastics of all sorts

⑦ Petroleum science, geology, and soil science: oil retrieval, emulsification, soil porosity, flotation, and ore enrichment

⑧ Household and consumer products: milk and dairy products, beer, waterproofing, cosmetics, and encapsulated products

① Analytical chemistry: adsorption indicators, ion exchange, nephelometry, precipitate filterability, chromatography, and decolorization

② Physical chemistry: nucleation; superheating, supercooling, and supersaturation; liquid crystals

③ Biochemistry and molecular biology: electrophoresis; osmotic and Donann equilibria and other membrane phenomena; viruses, nucleic acids, and proteins; and hematology

④ Chemical manufacturing: catalysis, soaps and detergents, paints, adhesives, and ink; paper and paper coating; pigments; thickening agents; and lubricants

⑤ Environmental science: aerosols, fog and smog, foams, water purification and sewage treatment; cloud seeding; and clean rooms

⑥ Materials science: powder metallurgy, alloys, ceramics, cement, fibers, and plastics of all sorts

⑦ Petroleum science, geology, and soil science: oil retrieval, emulsification, soil porosity, flotation, and ore enrichment

⑧ Household and consumer products: milk and dairy products, beer, waterproofing, cosmetics, and encapsulated products

Page 5: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

3. Industrial Applications3. Industrial Applications

Page 6: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

Ni 나노분말 Ni/BaTiO3 혼합 페이스트 분산 MLCC

기능성기능성콜로이드콜로이드

「「Process for MLCCProcess for MLCC」」I I . 기획 배경

CeramicGreen Sheet

Mixer

Paste

Pressure Setter

그린시트 성형 내부전극 인쇄 적층 소결

BaTiO3 슬러리 제조 BaTiO3 나노분말

기능성기능성콜로이드콜로이드

Page 7: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

「「Amore PacificAmore Pacific 」」

Liquid crystalmicrocapsules

Retinol/solventemulsionSwelling

1단계 : 레티놀 함유 에멀젼에 의한 팽윤

I I . 기획 배경

Swollen particles

Solventevaporation

Vitasphere A®

2단계 : 반응 용매의 증발 건조

부가가치 30배 증가

1단계 : 레티놀 함유 에멀젼에 의한 팽윤

Page 8: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

4. Classification4. Classification-- Lyophillic Colloid / Lyophobic ColloidLyophillic Colloid / Lyophobic Colloid

Affinity between Dispersed PhaseAffinity between Dispersed Phase andand Continuous PhaseContinuous Phase(Hydrophilic Colloid or Hydrophobic Colloid(Hydrophilic Colloid or Hydrophobic Colloid)

-- Continuous (Outer or External) Phase : Medium (Solvent)Continuous (Outer or External) Phase : Medium (Solvent)Dispersed (Inner or Internal) Phase : Particles in the Dispersed (Inner or Internal) Phase : Particles in the

Colloidal Size RangeColloidal Size Range

: Continuous and dispersed phases are distinctly different : Continuous and dispersed phases are distinctly different phases in lyophobic systems.phases in lyophobic systems.

: These phases are solvent and solute respectively in : These phases are solvent and solute respectively in lyophilic systemslyophilic systems.

-- Lyophillic Colloid / Lyophobic ColloidLyophillic Colloid / Lyophobic ColloidAffinity between Dispersed PhaseAffinity between Dispersed Phase andand Continuous PhaseContinuous Phase(Hydrophilic Colloid or Hydrophobic Colloid(Hydrophilic Colloid or Hydrophobic Colloid)

-- Continuous (Outer or External) Phase : Medium (Solvent)Continuous (Outer or External) Phase : Medium (Solvent)Dispersed (Inner or Internal) Phase : Particles in the Dispersed (Inner or Internal) Phase : Particles in the

Colloidal Size RangeColloidal Size Range

: Continuous and dispersed phases are distinctly different : Continuous and dispersed phases are distinctly different phases in lyophobic systems.phases in lyophobic systems.

: These phases are solvent and solute respectively in : These phases are solvent and solute respectively in lyophilic systemslyophilic systems.

Page 9: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

ClassificationClassificationLyophilic (Solvent Loving) ColloidLyophilic (Solvent Loving) Colloid: High Affinity between Continuous and Dispersed Phases: High Affinity between Continuous and Dispersed Phases

(Association Colloid)(Association Colloid): Macromolecular Solution, Micellar Solution: Macromolecular Solution, Micellar Solution

: One: One--Phase Colloidal SystemsPhase Colloidal Systems

Lyophobic (Solvent Fearing) ColloidLyophobic (Solvent Fearing) Colloid: Low Affinity between Continuous and Dispersed Phases: Low Affinity between Continuous and Dispersed Phases

MultiMulti--Phase Colloidal SystemPhase Colloidal System: Two: Two--Phase Colloidal Systems Phase Colloidal Systems

Lyophilic (Solvent Loving) ColloidLyophilic (Solvent Loving) Colloid: High Affinity between Continuous and Dispersed Phases: High Affinity between Continuous and Dispersed Phases

(Association Colloid)(Association Colloid): Macromolecular Solution, Micellar Solution: Macromolecular Solution, Micellar Solution

: One: One--Phase Colloidal SystemsPhase Colloidal Systems

Lyophobic (Solvent Fearing) ColloidLyophobic (Solvent Fearing) Colloid: Low Affinity between Continuous and Dispersed Phases: Low Affinity between Continuous and Dispersed Phases

MultiMulti--Phase Colloidal SystemPhase Colloidal System: Two: Two--Phase Colloidal Systems Phase Colloidal Systems

Page 10: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

Classification 1Classification 1

Difference between lyophobic and lyophilic colloidsDifference between lyophobic and lyophilic colloids

: presence or absence of interfaces between the : presence or absence of interfaces between the continuous and dispersed phasescontinuous and dispersed phases

: stability of the dispersion : stability of the dispersion lyophilic colloidslyophilic colloids form true solutions and are perfectly form true solutions and are perfectly “happy” in a solution “happy” in a solution (thermodynamically stable)(thermodynamically stable)lyophobic colloidslyophobic colloids are inherently unstable and are inherently unstable and “dislike” their surroundings enough to want to “dislike” their surroundings enough to want to separate out separate out (thermodynamically unstable)(thermodynamically unstable)

Difference between lyophobic and lyophilic colloidsDifference between lyophobic and lyophilic colloids

: presence or absence of interfaces between the : presence or absence of interfaces between the continuous and dispersed phasescontinuous and dispersed phases

: stability of the dispersion : stability of the dispersion lyophilic colloidslyophilic colloids form true solutions and are perfectly form true solutions and are perfectly “happy” in a solution “happy” in a solution (thermodynamically stable)(thermodynamically stable)lyophobic colloidslyophobic colloids are inherently unstable and are inherently unstable and “dislike” their surroundings enough to want to “dislike” their surroundings enough to want to separate out separate out (thermodynamically unstable)(thermodynamically unstable)

Page 11: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

Colloidal StabilityColloidal Stability-- Resistance to Flocculation and/orResistance to Flocculation and/or

Coagulation (Coalescence) in Colloidal SystemsCoagulation (Coalescence) in Colloidal Systems-- Thermodynamic StabilityThermodynamic Stability

: Considers Only Initial and Final States of Energy: Considers Only Initial and Final States of Energy: No Information on Rate: No Information on RateKinetic StabilityKinetic Stability: Energy Barrier: Energy Barrier: Generally Considered Stability: Generally Considered Stability

-- Even though thermodynamically unstableEven though thermodynamically unstable , , can be can be kinetically stable.kinetically stable. (Electrically Charged Latex Particles)(Electrically Charged Latex Particles)

Colloidal StabilityColloidal Stability-- Resistance to Flocculation and/orResistance to Flocculation and/or

Coagulation (Coalescence) in Colloidal SystemsCoagulation (Coalescence) in Colloidal Systems-- Thermodynamic StabilityThermodynamic Stability

: Considers Only Initial and Final States of Energy: Considers Only Initial and Final States of Energy: No Information on Rate: No Information on RateKinetic StabilityKinetic Stability: Energy Barrier: Energy Barrier: Generally Considered Stability: Generally Considered Stability

-- Even though thermodynamically unstableEven though thermodynamically unstable , , can be can be kinetically stable.kinetically stable. (Electrically Charged Latex Particles)(Electrically Charged Latex Particles)

Page 12: Introduction to Colloids and Surface Chemistryocw.dongguk.edu/contents/2013/2013123145544/pdf...I.Definition of Colloid A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately

Solution Colloidal SystemsMixing - Spontaneous

- Reversible-Non-Spontaneous (Energy Necessary)

- IrreversibleStability -Thermodynamically

Stable-ThermodynamicallyUnstable(Exception: Micelle)

Stability -Thermodynamically Stable

-ThermodynamicallyUnstable(Exception: Micelle)

InhomogeneityLevel

- Molecular Level -Large Scales Comparedto Molecular Dimension

Properties -Independent of thePreparation Method

-Dependent on thePreparation Method