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Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestra4on and food security in African soils MINISTÈRE DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DE L’ÉQUIPEMENT RURAL INSTITUT SÉNÉGALAIS DE RECHERCHE AGRICOLES 1 Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks (fostering SOC sequestra8on) for climate change mi8ga8on and adapta8on, and land degrada8on neutrality Rome, 21 -23 March 2017 Ndèye Yacine. Badiane. Ndour; Razafimbelo T; J.L. ChoRe; M Bernoux;

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Page 1: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

CombiningSoilOrganicCarbonsequestra4onandfoodsecurityinAfricansoils

MINISTÈREDEL’AGRICULTUREETDEL’ÉQUIPEMENTRURALINSTITUTSÉNÉGALAISDERECHERCHEAGRICOLES

1

Maintainingand/orincreasingSOCstocks(fosteringSOCsequestra8on)forclimatechangemi8ga8onandadapta8on,andlanddegrada8onneutrality

Rome,21-23March2017

NdèyeYacine.Badiane.Ndour;RazafimbeloT;J.L.ChoRe;MBernoux;

Page 2: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

q Aprojec8onoftwobillionpeoplein2050

2

Astateofrapidtransi4onintermofdemography

Page 3: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

Astateofrapidtransi4onintermofdemography

q Animportantchangesinmigra8onpaGernsandurbangrowth.

3Source: UN Urban projections, 2010

Page 4: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

4

ChallengestoAfricanfoodsecurity

q Domes8cfooddemandpredictedtotripleby2050inSubSaharanAfrica

Page 5: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

5

q Domes8cfooddemandpredictedtotripleby2050inSubSaharanAfrica

q WhatarethekeyroleofSOILCARBONSEQUESTRATIONforfoodsecurityinAfrica?

ChallengestoAfricanfoodsecurity

Page 6: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

HowtoproducesufficientfoodinAfricancontext?

6

q Africahas33millionsfarmsoflessthan2hectares,accoun8ngfor80%ofallfarms

Page 7: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

7

Organiccarbonsequestra4ontoenhanceAfricansoilquality

q MostofAfricanSoilarecoarsewithlowac8vityclays;deficientinmostnutrients,especiallyNandPandhavingaverylowCa8onExchangeCapacity(CEC).

Page 8: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

8

SoilOrganicmaRerboostsWaterHoldingCapacity

B.D.Hudson,ina1994

Page 9: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

EffectofwasterecyclingtoaccessPavailabilityonSSAsoils

Soumare,M.,etal.,G.(2003 9

Page 10: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

EffectoforganicmaRerontropicalsoilproduc4vity

Organicfer4lizers

Effectoforganicmanureandlocalizedfer4liza4ononahole(Zaï)ontheproduc4vityofsorghumintheSahelianzone,Bayenetal.

Grennmanure

Localmanureapplica4on

10

Page 11: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

Organicfer4lizers

Effectoforganicmanureandlocalizedfer4liza4ononahole(Zaï)ontheproduc4vityofsorghumintheSahelianzone,Bayenetal.

Grennmanure

Localmanureapplica4on

11

EffectoforganicmaReronsoilproduc4vity

Page 12: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

Effectoforganicmanureandlocalizedfer4liza4ononahole(Zaï)ontheproduc4vityofsorghumintheSahelianzone,Bayenetal.EffectofGreenmanureinmaïsyield

Organicfer4lizers

Grennmanure

Localmanureapplica4on

12

EffectoforganicmaReronsoilproduc4vity

Page 13: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

q ScaleuplocallyrelevantSoilorganiccarbonprac8ces;

q Overcomesocialconstraintsandreformingeconomicincen8ves

q Improvemethodsandindicatorsformonitoring,evalua8onandcommunica8on

q NeedtocombineSoilandWatermanagement,especiallyindryregion

SOCcanreducelanddegradaConandenhancefoodsecurityinAfrica,howeverit’sremainvarious

challenges,including?

Challengeforscalinguporganiccarbonsequestra4oninAfricanfarmingsystems

13

Page 14: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

Scalinguporganiccarbonsequestra4oninAfricanfarmingsystems

q Theadop8onofRMPsbysmalltropicsfarmersisnecessaryq MostoftheproposalscomeclosetotheCFSandagroecologyq Theseprac8cesneedtoincreasebiomasscollec8onandreducenutrientlosses

?2.3

Proposedsustainableprac4ces

.

14

Page 15: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

ScalingupSOCsequestra4oninAfricanfarmingsystems

q Theadop8onofRMPsbysmalltropicsfarmersisnecessaryq MostoftheproposalscomeclosetotheCFSandagroecologyq Theseprac8cesneedtoincreasebiomasscollec8onand

reducenutrientlosses

ButincreasingbiomassinSSAsoilalsorequiresotherelements:waterandnutrients.Sowecannottotally

refrainfrommineralfer4lizing.Butrequireefficientuse 15

?2.3

Proposedsustainableprac4ces

.

Page 16: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

q Smallsizeoffarms(onaverage1.5to4ha)q Familycharacteroffarmq andthelowlevelofcapital

.NoShort-termbenefits(exemptReturn>50%)

.Non-availabilityofinputs:Labor

.LackofCompa8bilitywithSocialFactors

-Gapbetweentheobjec8vesofinnova8onandthoseofproducers:Sequestra8onC?

-Costs/Benefitsvs.Prac8ces

-Extension/LackofAwareness

Cond

i4on

sofn

on-ado

p4on

Causesandreasonsslowing

downadop4onn

16

Overcomesocialconstraintsandreformingeconomicincen4ves

Page 17: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

q Therulesofaccess,useandmanagementofnaturalresources:Themodeofaccessandmanagementofresourcescanentailacompe88onbetweentheuseofresourcesq Therearestrongtrade-offsforeitheralloca8ngcropresiduesforlivestockfeedorusingthecropresiduesdirectlyformulchtherebyreducingtheamountandqualityofmanureavailableandcompromisingthecondi8onoflivestock

.

17

Overcomesocialconstraintsandreformingeconomicincen4ves

Page 18: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

ParksàFaidherbiaalbida:WestAfricaSenegal

Mul8pleUsageTree:ReversePhenologyPodsusedorsoldasfodderLegume:contributestothefer8lityoftheland

Ø  Markets for agroforestry tree products are critical to the adoption of FA to have significant economic, social and environmental impacts

Thedenseshadeofsheatrees(Vitellariaparadoxa)reducestheyieldofmilletby50%,butthesetreesareneverthelessusedbecauseofthehigheconomicyieldsoftheirmarketableproducts.

ParksàSchea:WestAfrica:BurkinaFaso

ParcàVitellaria

BeurredeKarité

18

Reformsinlandrightsandpaymentsystemsforecosystemservicescanencourageands4mulatethedevelopmentofplanta4ons(Forestandagroforestryparks).

Page 19: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

Semi-intensive

breeding

ORGANICMANURE

DOMESTICBIOGAS

•  Reducespressureonbiomassuse

•  ReducedGHGemissions

Feedforlivestock

19

Needstohavesynergiesbetweenini4a4vesForsustainabilityoffarms

Page 20: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

Acarbonmanagementpolicyinvolvingasoilcarbontradingmarketisnecessary

MethodologyforCalcula8onofEcosystemServices(Sequestra8onC)

Howtoorganizesmallproducers?

Requirementtohaveabaseline/reference:beGerknowledgeofAfricansoilsEstablishmentofanevalua8onmethodologyandeffec8vemeansofverifica8on

20

Someimportantpointstotakeintoaccount...

Page 21: Combining Soil Organic Carbon sequestration and food security in African soils

Ini4a4ve4PM

21

hRp://reseau-carbone-sol-afrique.org

THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION


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