2014 ibrahim index of african governance: summary report

MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION

2014IBRAHIM INDEXOF AFRICAN GOVERNANCE

SUMMARY REPORT52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

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2014 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Summary Report

Published September 2014

Copyright © 2014 Mo Ibrahim Foundation

The Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF) is committed to making data on the

quality of governance in Africa freely available and accessible to all

citizens of the continent and interested stakeholders. We welcome and

encourage any accurate reproduction, translation and dissemination

of this material. The material must be attributed to the Mo Ibrahim

Foundation, but not in any way that suggests that MIF endorses you or

your use of the material.

To request additional copies of this or other publications, to provide

feedback or to discuss use of the Ibrahim Index of African Governance

(IIAG) please email [email protected].

For a list of any errors or omissions found subsequent to printing, please

visit www.moibrahimfoundation.org.

2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT

1

Foreword

Overview: Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG)

Structure of the 2014 IIAG

Overall Governance Insights

Safety & Rule of Law

Category Insights

Sub-category Insights

Participation & Human Rights

Category Insights


Sustainable Economic Opportunity

Category Insights


Human Development

Category Insights


Synthesis of the Methodology

Data Sources & Institutions

Indicators

About the Mo Ibrahim Foundation

IIAG Resources

Notes

2

3

4

6

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

27

29

34

35

36

Contents

2

Foreword

The 2014 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) reveals discrepancies in governance performance between countries and within the four conceptual categories. More than ever, these discrepancies call for an Afro-realist approach, which tempers historical Afro-pessimism and current Afro-optimism. Anyone who wants a true grasp of African realities must reject the “one-size-fits-all” attitude which reduces the continent geographically or governance conceptually, in favour of a more granular approach. For this, the IIAG can be a very useful tool.

Of course, we must welcome the fact that 13 out of the 52 countries show wide-reaching gains, having improved in overall governance and in the political, social and economic governance dimensions over the past five years. However, the dramatic deteriorations or underperformance of some countries are a cause for concern. Over the past five years, every one of the top five ranking countries has deteriorated in at least one category, demonstrating that even the highest performers need to remain vigilant and retain an on-going commitment to the governance agenda.

My hope is that the 2014 IIAG will enable interested parties to appreciate the complexity of Africa and to better identify its potential and opportunities. I also believe that the IIAG provides the impetus to strive for better governance. The IIAG is a collaborative project and would not exist without the expertise and insight of numerous individuals and institutions. My sincere thanks go to those organisations that provide robust data on Africa, a crucial tool for the continent’s transformation. I thank too the IIAG Advisory Council and the MIF Research Team for their dedication and commitment.

Mo IbrahimFounder and Chair of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF)


3

Overview: Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG)

SCORE /100

81.7

76.6

76.2

73.3

73.2

70.3

68.2

66.0

64.3

62.3

60.4

59.7

59.4

58.8

58.2

57.6

57.4

56.7

56.1

54.4

53.3

52.2

51.6

51.5

51.1

51.1

51.0

49.5

49.4

49.3

49.3

48.5

48.2

47.6

46.8

46.4

45.8

45.3

44.5

44.3

43.4

43.3

42.1

40.9

38.4

38.0

34.1

33.2

32.3

29.8

24.8

8.6

Mauritius

Cabo Verde

Botswana

South Africa

Seychelles

Namibia

Ghana

Tunisia

Senegal

Lesotho

Rwanda

São Tomé & Príncipe

Zambia

Morocco

Tanzania

Malawi

Kenya

Benin

Uganda

Algeria

Burkina Faso

Mozambique

Gambia

Swaziland

Sierra Leone

Egypt

Gabon

Mali

Niger

Comoros

Liberia

Ethiopia

Madagascar

Cameroon

Djibouti

Togo

Nigeria

Burundi

Mauritania

Côte d’Ivoire

Congo

Guinea

Libya

Angola

Equatorial Guinea

Zimbabwe

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

Guinea-Bissau

Chad

Eritrea

Central African Republic (CAR)

Somalia

RANK /52

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

11th

12th

13th

14th

15th

16th

17th

18th

19th

20th

21st

22nd

23rd

24th

25th

26th

27th

28th

29th

30th

31st

32nd

33rd

34th

35th

36th

37th

38th

39th

40th

41st

42nd

43rd

44th

45th

46th

47th

48th

49th

50th

51st

52nd

2014 IIAG COUNTRY SCORES & RANKSThe Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) provides an annual assessment of the quality of governance in African countries. Compiled by combining over 100 variables from more than 30 independent African and global sources, the IIAG is the most comprehensive collection of data on African governance.

The IIAG provides a framework for citizens, governments, institutions and the private sector to assess accurately the delivery of public goods and services, and policy outcomes, across the continent. The IIAG is both a tool to help determine and debate government performance and a decision-making instrument with which to govern.

MIF defines governance as the provision of the political, social and economic goods that a citizen has the right to expect from his or her state, and that a state has the responsibility to deliver to its citizens. The IIAG assesses progress under four main conceptual categories: Safety & Rule of Law, Participation & Human Rights, Sustainable Economic Opportunity and Human Development. These four pillars are supported by data that cover a range of governance elements, from infrastructure and freedom of expression, to sanitation and property rights.

The IIAG allows users to benchmark governance performance across a number of dimensions at national, regional and continental level. Scores and ranks are available for every year from 2000, enabling the analysis of trends over time. All of the underlying data used in the construction of the IIAG are freely available and transparently published alongside a comprehensive methodology. These can be found at www.moibrahimfoundation.org.

The 2014 IIAG was calculated using data from 34 external sources, provided by 28 independent institutions. These sources provided 130 variables which were aggregated into 95 indicators, 14 sub-categories, four categories and one overall measurement of governance performance.

Slight annual refinements are made to the IIAG, which may be methodological, or based on the inclusion or exclusion of indicators. The entire IIAG data set is therefore retrospectively revised, in accordance with best practice. Comparisons between years should be performed entirely on the 2014 IIAG data set.

Strengthening Africa Data

MIF is uniquely positioned as a user, producer and supporter of African statistics and, as such, strengthening data is a core priority. MIF advocates the importance of more and better statistics on and from Africa and to this end it collaborates with two organisations, Afrobarometer (Afrobarometer Surveys) and Global Integrity (Africa Integrity Indicators). By supporting these two data collection initiatives on the ground, MIF aims to complement existing data sets on Africa and enable a more accurate assessment of governance progress on the continent.

4

Structure of the 2014 IIAG

SAFETY & RULE OF LAW PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS

OVERALL GOVERNANCE | 95 indicators

Rule of Law Accountability Personal Safety National Security

Judicial Process (EIUD EIU)

Sanctions (SIA CDD)

Social Unrest (EIUD EIU)

Transfers of Power (EIUD EIU)

Safety of the Person (EIUD EIU)

Judicial Independence

Judicial Independence(BTI BS)Judicial Independence(GCR WEF)Judicial Independence(AII GI)

Property Rights

Property Rights*(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)Property Rights (BTI BS)Property Freedom (IEF HER/WSJ)Property Rights (GCR WEF)

Cross-border Tensions (EIUD EIU)

Corruption & Bureaucracy (WGI WB)

Accountability of Public Officials (EIUD EIU)

Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD)

Corruption in Government & Public Officials (EIUD EIU)

Prosecution of Abuse of Office (BTI BS)

Public Sector Corruption Bodies (AII GI)

Diversion of Public Funds (GCR WEF)

Access to Information

Public Information (AII GI)Access to Legislative Processes & Documents (AII GI)

Political Terror (PTS PTS)

Violent Crime (EIUD EIU)

Human Trafficking (TIP USDS)

Domestic Armed Conflict (EIUD EIU)

Internally Displaced People (GOT IDMC)

Political Refugees (OPD UNHCR)

Participation Rights Gender

Free & Fair Executive Elections (AEI IREEP)

Free & Fair Elections (BTI BS)

Political Participation(DI EIU)

Effective Power to Govern (BTI BS)

Political Rights (FITW FH)

Gender Equality

Gender Balance in Education(WDI WB)

Women's Participation in the Labour Force (WDI WB)

EqualRepresentation in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD)

Women in Parliament(WDI WB)

Legislation on Violence against Women (GID-DB/SIGI OECD)

Gender Equality in the Workplace (AII GI)

Gender Equality in Appointments to Cabinet (AII GI)

Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector

Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Human Rights (EIUD EIU)

Freedom of Association & Assembly

Freedom of Association & Assembly (BTI BS)Freedom of Association (AII GI)

Civil Liberties

Protection of Civil Liberties (BTI BS)Civil Liberties (FITW FH)

Freedom of Expression

Freedom of Expression (BTI BS)Press Freedom (FOTP FH)Press Freedom (WPFI RSF)

A clustered indicator is an indicator composed of a number of underlying variables which each measure the same dimension and come from different sources, or measure similar dimensions and come from the same source. For the list of data sources and institutions refer to pp. 27-28.

Clustered Indicators in the 2014 IIAG Key

*Cluster within a clustered indicator.

Refer to p. 27 for data source and institution acronyms.

Indicator(Data source and institution acronym)

Clustered indicator

Variable(Data source and institution acronym)

25 indicators

9 indicators5 indicators 6 indicators 5 indicators 5 indicators 5 indicators

18 indicators

8 indicators

International Human Rights Conventions (MTDSG UNOLA/ TBD OHCHR)

Gender Equality (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Police Services (GCR WEF)

Government Involvement in Armed Conflict (UCDP UCDP)


5

HUMAN DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Public Management Business Environment Infrastructure Rural Sector

Statistical Capacity (BBSC WB)

Public Resources for Rural Development (PBAS IFAD)

Agricultural Research & Extension Services (PBAS IFAD)

Agricultural Input & Produce Markets (PBAS IFAD)

Policy & Legal Framework for Rural Organisations(PBAS IFAD)

Dialogue Between Government & Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD)

Agricultural Policy Costs (GCR WEF)

Public Administration

Public Administration (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Diversification (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA)

Reserves (CD EIU)

Budget Management

Budget Management(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure(ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA)

Fiscal Policy

Fiscal Policy (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (CD EIU)

Access to Financial Records of State-owned Companies (AII GI)

Revenue Collection

Revenue Collection (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Competitive Environment

Competitive Environment*(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)Competition (BTI BS)Competitive Bidding (AII GI)

Soundness of Banks (GCR WEF)

Investment Climate for Rural Businesses (PBAS IFAD)

Rural Financial Services Development (PBAS IFAD)

Bureaucracy & Red Tape (EIUD EIU)

Customs Procedures(GCR WEF)

InvestmentClimate (IEF HER/WSJ)

Electricity Supply(GCR WEF)

Access to Land (PBAS IFAD)Access to Water for Agriculture (PBAS IFAD)

Welfare Education Health

Welfare Regime (BTI BS)

Education Provision & Quality (BTI BS)

Educational System Quality (GCR WEF)

Ratio of Pupils to Teachers in Primary School (UIS UNESCO)

Primary School Completion (WDI WB)

Progression to Secondary School (WDI WB)

Tertiary Enrolment (UIS UNESCO)

Literacy (UIS UNESCO)

Maternal Mortality(GHO WHO)

Child Mortality(CME IGME)

Social Protection & Labour

Social Protection & Labour(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Social Exclusion (BTI BS)

Welfare Services (Health & Education)

Welfare Services (Health & Education) (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Equity of Public Resource Use

Equity of Public Resource Use (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Environmental Policy (BTI BS)

Environmental Sustainability

Environmental Sustainability(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)

Immunisation (Measles, DPT & Hepatitis B)

Immunisation against Measles (WDI WB)Immunisation against DPT (WDI WB)Immunisation against Hepatitis B (GHO WHO)

Antiretroviral Treatment Provision

ART Provision(AD UNAIDS)ART Provision for Pregnant Women(AD UNAIDS)

Disease(Malaria & TB)

Malaria (GHO WHO)Tuberculosis (GHO WHO)

Undernourishment (WDI WB)

Access to Sanitation

Access to Improved Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)Open Defecation Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

Land & Water for Low-income Rural Populations

Rail Network (EIUD EIU)

Road Network (GCR WEF)

Air Transport

Quality of Air Transport (GCR WEF)Air Transport Safety (AII GI)

Telephone Network (EIUD EIU)IT Infrastructure (EIUD EIU)

Telephone & IT Infrastructure

Digital Connectivity

Mobile Phone Subscribers(WT/ICTD ITU)Household Computers(WT/ICTD ITU)Internet Subscribers(WT/ICTD ITU)

Access to Water

Access to Piped Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)Access to Improved Water(WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

10 indicators 7 indicators

31 indicators

7 indicators 7 indicators 7 indicators

21 indicators

7 indicators 7 indicators

6

OVERALL GOVERNANCE

MOST IMPROVED CATEGORY

MOST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY


Health

MOST DETERIORATED CATEGORY

MOST DETERIORATED SUB-CATEGORY


Accountability

SOMALIA

8.6

LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE

SCORE/100

52nd

MOST DETERIORATED INDICATORS

Soundness of Banks,Domestic Armed Conflict, Gender Equality in the Workplace.

MOST IMPROVED INDICATORS

Cross-border Tensions, Antiretroviral Treatment Provision,Legislation on Violence Against Women.

MAURITIUS

81.7

HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE

SCORE/100

1st

2013

51.5AFRICAN AVERAGE

SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100

HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE

CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100

LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE

59.3 41.4


AFRICAN TRENDS OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS

23/52countries achieved their best governance performance in 2013

7/52countries showed a year-on-year improvement in score over the past 5 years

Mo Ibrahim

Nothing, simply nothing, is more important to African development than good governance.

13/52countries improved in overall governance and the 4 categories over the past 5 years


7

-6.8 -6.2 -5.7

-8.0 -7.4

+5.5 +5.4 +4.6

+7.8 +6.5

IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS

GREATEST IMPROVEMENTS

LARGEST DETERIORATIONS

MALI0504

CAR03GUINEA-BISSAU

33.2

-5

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

48th/52

24.8

-1

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

51st/52

49.5

-9

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

28th/52

EGYPT01 02

LIBYA

51.1

-14

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

26th/52

42.1

-16

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

43rd/52

SENEGAL0504

ZIMBABWE03NIGER

49.4

+9

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

29th/52

38.0

+2

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

46th/52

64.3

+2

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

9th/52

CÔTE D’IVOIRE01 02

GUINEA

44.3

+6

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

40th/52

43.3

+3

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

42nd/52


8


OVERALL GOVERNANCE

Average improvement +2.5





Average deterioration -3.7





SAFETY & RULE OF LAW

PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Côte d’Ivoire*, Guinea, Niger, Zimbabwe, Senegal,

Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Kenya, Sierra

Leone, Lesotho, Liberia, Zambia, Congo, Morocco,

Togo, Seychelles, Chad, Tunisia, Ethiopia, Gabon,

Malawi, Ghana, Cameroon, Algeria, Cabo Verde,

Mauritius, Botswana, Swaziland, Namibia,

Uganda, Mauritania, DRC, Djibouti, Nigeria,

South Africa, Somalia, Angola, Comoros,

Equatorial Guinea.

Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Niger,

Senegal, Mauritania, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia,

Swaziland, Gabon, Zambia, Congo, Uganda,

Angola, Madagascar, Chad, Lesotho, São Tomé

& Príncipe, Kenya, Comoros, Somalia,

Cabo Verde, Liberia, Botswana, Rwanda.

Tunisia*, Libya, Côte d’Ivoire*, Niger, Guinea,

Senegal, Lesotho, Kenya, São Tomé & Príncipe,

Nigeria, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Seychelles,

Algeria, Zambia, Rwanda, Namibia, Cabo Verde,

Chad, Egypt, Mauritius, Cameroon, Botswana,

Madagascar, Somalia, Togo, Ghana, Equatorial

Guinea, Djibouti, Liberia, Congo, Morocco,

Gabon, Sierra Leone, Mozambique.

DRC, Morocco, Rwanda, Djibouti, Seychelles,

Liberia, Kenya, Comoros, Zambia, Mauritius,

Congo, South Africa, Nigeria, Togo, Lesotho,

Cabo Verde, Swaziland, São Tomé & Príncipe,

Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Zimbabwe, Chad, Mali,

Gambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone, Gabon,

Equatorial Guinea.

Zimbabwe, Togo, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe,

Liberia, Ghana, Burundi, Ethiopia, Côte d’Ivoire,

Angola, Sierra Leone, Congo, Morocco, Namibia,

Cameroon, Malawi, Benin, Mauritania, Senegal,

Guinea, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Gabon,

Gambia, Tanzania, Niger, DRC, Chad, Algeria,

South Africa, Seychelles, Uganda, Mauritius,

Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zambia,

Somalia, CAR, Mali.

*Statistically significant movement in governance performance at the 90% confidence level.+Countries are listed by magnitude of improvement or deterioration.

39

25

35

28

41

Egypt, Libya, Guinea-Bissau, CAR, Mali, Benin, Eritrea, Mozambique, Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Gambia, Burundi.

Egypt*, Libya*, CAR, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Benin, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tunisia, Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Djibouti, DRC, Burundi, Mauritius, Eritrea, Namibia, Seychelles, Algeria, Malawi, Cameroon, Morocco, South Africa, Togo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia.

Mali, Guinea-Bissau, CAR, Gambia, Angola, Benin, DRC, Mauritania, Comoros, Burundi, Swaziland, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Ethiopia.

Libya*, Egypt, Madagascar, Tunisia, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Benin, Tanzania, CAR, Eritrea, Somalia, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Ghana, Angola, Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, Burundi, Algeria, Senegal, Cameroon.

Libya, Tunisia, Madagascar, Eritrea, Cabo Verde, Egypt, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Djibouti, Nigeria.

13

27

17

24

11

IMPROVED COUNTRIES DETERIORATED COUNTRIESOVER THE PAST 5 YEARS+ OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS+


9

49.3

28.2

55.2

71.0

51.1

35.7

69.8

41.0

28.8

31.0

41.0

33.3

38.0

26.4

45.8

53.1

32.5

33.5

40.1

44.0

49.0

61.4

37.0

35.3

53.0

53.8

29.8

45.6

54.9

51.4

49.5

47.1

74.3

52.4

50.8

65.3

41.5

43.5

46.2

54.8

56.2

67.2

34.0

9.4

71.1

47.2

56.2

35.9

62.0

50.8

51.9

35.5

46.6

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cameroon

Central African Republic

Chad

Comoros

Congo

Côte d’Ivoire

Democratic Republic of Congo

Djibouti

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Mauritius

Morocco

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda


Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Swaziland

Tanzania

Togo

Tunisia

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

African average

2000

53.0

40.6

60.2

74.9

55.0

45.4

75.2

46.1

31.1

29.8

49.1

40.3

36.6

33.3

46.0

59.1

38.3

32.6

46.4

49.0

52.4

66.6

36.7

40.0

53.3

58.4

46.0

49.5

49.3

55.7

55.2

43.7

80.4

56.0

54.4

69.1

43.9

45.3

55.8

55.3

59.7

70.5

47.2

8.0

72.8

50.2

60.0

43.6

63.8

55.1

56.3

32.6

50.6

54.2

42.3

60.9

75.5

53.9

44.1

76.4

46.8

31.9

31.4

48.6

41.8

36.2

33.5

45.9

58.6

39.2

32.3

46.7

50.5

52.8

67.1

41.5

41.6

54.8

58.3

48.2

47.8

47.4

56.9

55.8

45.9

80.3

56.2

54.5

70.1

45.9

44.9

56.7

55.9

59.5

71.9

50.0

8.2

73.1

50.4

59.9

46.1

63.3

57.2

56.5

33.3

51.2

52.5

42.7

59.9

76.1

53.0

44.5

76.6

46.8

33.2

32.9

48.4

43.2

38.4

34.3

45.9

54.5

39.5

30.9

47.7

50.7

52.8

67.7

42.3

41.3

55.7

58.9

49.5

40.4

45.2

56.1

57.2

46.5

81.0

56.6

54.4

70.2

51.0

44.9

58.4

58.0

59.8

71.7

50.6

7.5

73.3

50.4

59.6

45.7

64.6

57.4

57.5

36.3

51.4

53.2

44.0

59.4

76.1

53.7

44.5

76.4

47.8

32.2

33.2

49.2

42.6

42.4

32.3

47.2

55.7

39.4

30.5

48.2

51.2

53.0

67.7

43.2

35.0

55.4

61.0

50.3

46.3

45.0

56.7

48.9

48.0

81.4

57.7

54.2

69.9

49.8

45.4

60.2

58.7

62.5

72.0

50.4

8.5

73.0

50.1

59.1

46.6

65.1

57.7

59.4

37.0

51.7

2009 2010 2011 2012

Overall Governance2013

Safety & Rule of Law2013

2014 IIAG: SCORES & RANKS Participation& Human Rights2013

Sustainable Economic Opportunity2013

Human Development2013

SCORE /100

7th

41st

25th

5th

38th

35th

3rd

22nd

51st

50th

30th

39th

43rd

48th

29th

11th

26th

49th

27th

18th

15th

8th

44th

46th

16th

24th

33rd

13th

42nd

28th

37th

36th

1st

10th

40th

12th

47th

34th

9th

14th

17th

2nd

45th

52nd

6th

20th

23rd

31st

4th

19th

21st

32nd

23rd

42nd

25th

4th

17th

38th

8th

27th

49th

45th

44th

37th

30th

41st

24th

13th

46th

51st

20th

34th

12th

14th

40th

48th

11th

21st

39th

47th

29th

28th

15th

32nd

1st

3rd

26th

9th

35th

31st

6th

36th

10th

5th

33rd

52nd

2nd

16th

19th

43rd

7th

22nd

18th

50th

31st

40th

11th

8th

23rd

25th

1st

37th

48th

49th

22nd

38th

29th

44th

45th

36th

50th

51st

42nd

33rd

43rd

7th

32nd

47th

17th

9th

20th

34th

24th

13th

28th

35th

2nd

39th

14th

3rd

21st

26th

27th

10th

6th

5th

19th

52nd

4th

46th

12th

30th

15th

18th

16th

41st

34th

39th

23rd

1st

18th

43rd

3rd

36th

51st

46th

21st

37th

40th

50th

29th

42nd

41st

48th

31st

19th

30th

6th

35th

49th

27th

7th

26th

47th

32nd

11th

33rd

38th

2nd

15th

28th

4th

22nd

44th

17th

9th

12th

5th

16th

52nd

8th

13th

20th

24th

14th

25th

10th

45th

46.8

43.1

55.6

85.3

57.7

40.4

78.2

45.4

12.0

33.9

56.6

45.0

41.6

23.7

50.6

40.9

41.5

31.0

50.0

57.6

50.2

69.9

46.5

30.5

51.3

69.5

51.5

33.2

49.0

64.6

48.6

43.4

84.5

58.7

50.8

74.9

56.0

38.1

58.2

65.7

63.5

70.8

58.5

5.9

68.1

60.8

57.4

54.6

59.1

53.3

65.1

37.7

51.7

20th

44th

18th

3rd

21st

38th

2nd

34th

51st

49th

30th

41st

40th

47th

35th

26th

45th

50th

32nd

27th

23rd

7th

42nd

48th

17th

10th

31st

43rd

33rd

16th

28th

39th

1st

14th

22nd

6th

29th

37th

11th

12th

9th

5th

25th

52nd

4th

24th

15th

36th

8th

19th

13th

46th

54.4

40.9

56.7

76.2

53.3

45.3

76.6

47.6

24.8

32.3

49.3

43.4

44.3

34.1

46.8

51.1

38.4

29.8

48.5

51.0

51.6

68.2

43.3

33.2

57.4

62.3

49.3

42.1

48.2

57.6

49.5

44.5

81.7

58.8

52.2

70.3

49.4

45.8

60.4

59.7

64.3

73.2

51.1

8.6

73.3

51.5

58.2

46.4

66.0

56.1

59.4

38.0

51.5

43.4

37.3

65.6

73.1

53.2

49.6

83.5

39.3

28.2

28.1

53.8

38.1

43.9

32.6

32.1

40.0

25.9

22.8

36.7

42.0

36.4

73.6

43.2

30.1

59.3

69.9

55.4

40.5

51.0

62.9

45.9

40.1

77.0

37.5

60.7

75.0

55.0

48.9

47.7

66.5

73.7

74.1

57.4

10.7

74.4

31.0

65.5

43.8

60.6

58.4

60.4

37.0

49.9

49.9

34.6

47.0

65.9

51.0

38.5

63.1

46.2

24.8

29.9

31.3

39.2

43.5

34.8

48.1

54.2

28.4

21.9

50.4

41.5

54.2

53.6

35.9

25.7

54.4

50.4

36.8

27.1

44.1

45.9

51.8

42.0

79.7

69.1

46.8

62.2

40.9

43.3

63.4

40.4

56.7

63.6

41.6

3.5

71.9

51.6

50.5

32.8

63.3

50.1

51.0

23.5

45.6

77.5

48.6

58.5

80.4

51.2

52.7

81.6

59.6

34.3

37.1

55.7

51.2

48.3

45.2

56.4

69.4

57.9

43.5

56.9

62.8

65.4

75.5

47.5

46.7

64.6

59.3

53.6

67.4

48.6

56.8

51.6

52.6

85.6

70.1

50.5

68.9

45.8

53.0

72.1

66.3

63.4

84.4

47.1

14.1

78.8

62.6

59.6

54.6

81.0

62.8

61.4

53.9

58.7

10

Safety & Rule of Law: Category Insights



National Security


Accountability


Cross-border Tensions,Safety of the Person,Internally Displaced People.


Domestic Armed Conflict,Government Involvement in Armed Conflict,Violent Crime.

SOMALIA

5.9


SCORE/100

52nd

BOTSWANA

85.3


SCORE/100

1st

2013

51.7AFRICAN AVERAGE





62.8 40.6


This category measures the extent to which all individuals are protected from both internal and external threats to the peace, and the existence of a robust legal system and transparent, effective and accessible institutions, within all branches of the state.


To ensure maximum progress in the efforts to promote good governance in Africa, the imperatives of rule of law and individual safety must be pursued in equal measure.

Salim Ahmed Salim


11

+5.1+6.5

-9.4-11.8-14.5

-18.2-21.3

+9.5

+10.0+10.0



MALI0504

GUINEA-BISSAU03CAR

12.0

NO RANK CHANGE

SCORE/100

POINTS

51st/52

30.5

-9

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

49th/52

48.6

-12

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

33rd/52

EGYPT01 02

LIBYA

40.9

-29

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

42nd/52

33.2

-20

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

47th/52

SENEGAL0504

NIGER03SIERRA LEONE

58.5

+17

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

16th/52

56.0

+9

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

22nd/52

63.5

+7

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

12th/52

CÔTE D’IVOIRE01 02

GUINEA

41.6

+8

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

40th/52

46.5

+10

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

35th/52



12

Safety & Rule of Law: Sub-category Insights

AFRICAN AVERAGE

47.1

PERSONAL SAFETY

ACCOUNTABILITY

RULE OF LAW

AFRICAN AVERAGE

38.9

AFRICAN AVERAGE

43.6

AFRICAN AVERAGE

77.1

NATIONAL SECURITY

BOTSWANA

95.5


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

0.0


SCORE/100



64.4



32.6

BOTSWANA

77.3


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

2.0


SCORE/100



50.4



25.6

CABO VERDE

100.0


SCORE/100

CAR

10.0


SCORE/100



89.3



66.9

SÃO TOMÉ & PRÍNCIPE

75.0


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

3.1


SCORE/100



47.0



37.3


13

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cameroon


Chad

Comoros

Congo

Côte d’Ivoire


Djibouti

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Mauritius

Morocco

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda


Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Swaziland

Tanzania

Togo

Tunisia

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

-1.7

+3.3

-9.1

+0.7

-3.7

-3.1

+1.1

-1.3

-14.5

+2.9

+1.5

+3.4

+10.0

-3.2

-3.5

-21.3

-0.2

-2.4

+4.2

+3.7

-0.1

-0.2

+10.0

-11.8

+2.0

+2.8

+0.8

-18.2

+2.9

-1.3

-9.4

+4.8

-2.7

-1.2

-8.2

-2.1

+6.5

-6.6

+0.2

+2.4

+5.1

-1.9

+9.5

+1.3

-1.2

+3.9

-4.0

-0.9

-5.2

+3.4

+3.6

+4.7

CHANGESINCE 2009

46.8

43.1

55.6

85.3

57.7

40.4

78.2

45.4

12.0

33.9

56.6

45.0

41.6

23.7

50.6

40.9

41.5

31.0

50.0

57.6

50.2

69.9

46.5

30.5

51.3

69.5

51.5

33.2

49.0

64.6

48.6

43.4

84.5

58.7

50.8

74.9

56.0

38.1

58.2

65.7

63.5

70.8

58.5

5.9

68.1

60.8

57.4

54.6

59.1

53.3

65.1

37.7

CATEGORY

SCORE RANK

34th

39th

23rd

1st

18th

43rd

3rd

36th

51st

46th

21st

37th

40th

50th

29th

42nd

41st

48th

31st

19th

30th

6th

35th

49th

27th

7th

26th

47th

32nd

11th

33rd

38th

2nd

15th

28th

4th

22nd

44th

17th

9th

12th

5th

16th

52nd

8th

13th

20th

24th

14th

25th

10th

45th

41.4

35.0

59.4

95.5

47.0

42.1

82.5

31.8

15.2

26.5

42.5

30.4

26.6

31.8

40.4

27.9

23.2

4.4

47.8

51.0

35.9

85.0

40.9

6.7

55.4

68.5

42.3

13.0

26.4

71.2

39.0

38.1

94.4

58.7

48.3

83.7

46.8

41.0

50.0

50.6

70.1

64.5

55.3

0.0

93.0

58.9

54.0

49.0

55.6

53.6

69.3

29.0

42.5

15.5

37.2

77.3

44.7

27.0

68.1

29.4

15.2

24.7

34.2

24.5

29.0

22.8

30.8

35.1

12.8

22.8

38.8

33.3

32.1

57.3

30.1

13.9

42.9

65.0

37.1

18.0

41.1

45.3

43.7

27.4

74.6

42.9

36.7

66.7

44.3

36.6

62.8

42.3

47.9

54.4

41.1

2.0

67.4

47.2

39.9

36.6

57.1

36.0

44.9

23.6

42.9

37.5

54.0

68.7

52.5

31.8

62.1

40.8

7.5

26.4

60.0

42.5

37.9

10.0

50.0

29.0

40.0

37.5

52.0

56.3

48.7

54.5

29.2

25.0

34.3

49.7

44.6

26.1

38.8

52.0

50.0

31.3

69.2

53.0

44.6

54.5

55.0

16.5

55.8

75.0

60.8

64.5

54.7

3.1

30.4

47.2

45.9

47.5

43.6

49.1

51.1

20.1

60.4

84.3

71.7

100.0

86.6

61.0

100.0

79.7

10.0

58.1

89.6

82.8

72.8

30.0

81.2

71.6

89.9

59.3

61.4

89.9

84.0

82.9

86.0

76.3

72.5

95.0

82.0

75.5

90.0

90.0

61.5

76.8

100.0

80.0

73.3

94.7

78.0

58.2

64.4

94.9

75.1

99.9

82.9

18.3

81.7

90.0

90.0

85.2

79.9

74.5

95.0

78.1

RULE OF LAW ACCOUNTABILITY PERSONAL SAFETY NATIONAL SECURITY

SCORE SCORESCORE SCORERANK RANKRANK RANK

31st

38th

12th

1st

26th

30th

6th

40th

48th

45th

28th

41st

44th

39th

34th

43rd

47th

51st

25th

20th

37th

4th

33rd

50th

16th

10th

29th

49th

46th

7th

35th

36th

2nd

14th

24th

5th

27th

32nd

22nd

21st

8th

11th

17th

52nd

3rd

13th

18th

23rd

15th

19th

9th

42nd

20th

48th

26th

1st

15th

41st

3rd

38th

49th

42nd

33rd

43rd

39th

45th

36th

32nd

51st

46th

25th

34th

35th

8th

37th

50th

18th

6th

27th

47th

23rd

13th

17th

40th

2nd

19th

28th

5th

16th

30th

7th

21st

11th

10th

22nd

52nd

4th

12th

24th

29th

9th

31st

14th

44th

31st

37th

14th

3rd

16th

40th

5th

33rd

51st

45th

7th

32nd

36th

50th

21st

44th

34th

38th

17th

8th

24th

13th

43rd

47th

39th

22nd

29th

46th

35th

18th

20th

41st

2nd

15th

28th

12th

10th

49th

9th

1st

6th

4th

11th

52nd

42nd

26th

27th

25th

30th

23rd

19th

48th

46th

19th

40th

3rd

16th

45th

1st

29th

52nd

49th

15th

23rd

38th

50th

26th

41st

14th

47th

44th

13th

20th

21st

17th

33rd

39th

5th

24th

34th

9th

10th

43rd

32nd

2nd

27th

37th

8th

31st

48th

42nd

7th

35th

4th

22nd

51st

25th

12th

11th

18th

28th

36th

6th

30th

SAFETY & RULE OF LAW:SCORES & RANKS

14

Participation & Human Rights: Category Insights

PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS


ParticipationLEAST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY

Rights


Legislation on Violence Against Women,International Human Rights Conventions,Political Participation.


Gender Equality in the Workplace,Freedom of Association & Assembly,Human Rights.

SOMALIA

10.7


SCORE/100

52nd

CABO VERDE

83.5


SCORE/100

1st

2013

49.9AFRICAN AVERAGE





59.1 37.6

This category captures the relationship between government and citizen. It measures both the extent to which individuals can participate in, and take ownership of, the political process and the state’s achievement in guaranteeing the political and social rights of all citizens.



A people-centred approach to participation and human rights is about including the most vulnerable, making governments more accountable and ensuring the participation of all citizens.

Mary Robinson


15

-7.4 -7.0 -5.7

-14.5 -10.2

+14.2 +13.7 +11.8

+24.9 +17.5


LARGESTDETERIORATIONS

ANGOLA0504

GAMBIA03CAR

28.2

-6

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

48th/52

36.4

-17

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

43rd/52

37.3

-13

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

40th/52

MALI01 02

GUINEA-BISSAU

45.9

-16

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

28th/52

30.1

-14

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

47th/52

GUINEA0504

NIGER03CÔTE D’IVOIRE

43.9

+18

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

29th/52

55.0

+10

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

21st/52

43.2

+13

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

32nd/52

TUNISIA01 02

LIBYA

60.6

+26

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

15th/52

40.5

+17

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

34th/52



16

Participation & Human Rights: Sub-category Insights

AFRICAN AVERAGE

47.0

GENDER

RIGHTS

PARTICIPATION

AFRICAN AVERAGE

49.4

AFRICAN AVERAGE

53.2

CABO VERDE

96.1


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

2.8


SCORE/100



59.3



29.3

CABO VERDE

84.0


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

7.3


SCORE/100

WEST AFRICASCORE/100


57.4



36.7

SEYCHELLES

88.7


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

22.1


SCORE/100



62.1

NORTH AFRICASCORE/100


42.1


17

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cameroon


Chad

Comoros

Congo

Côte d’Ivoire


Djibouti

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Mauritius

Morocco

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda


Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Swaziland

Tanzania

Togo

Tunisia

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

+5.1

-5.7

-5.0

+3.1

-1.8

-2.5

+4.2

+3.4

-7.4

+3.7

-2.8

+1.3

+14.2

-4.3

+1.6

+3.6

+1.6

-1.0

-0.2

+1.0

-7.0

+2.0

+11.8

-10.2

+7.4

+8.8

+1.5

+17.5

+2.8

+6.2

-14.5

-2.9

+3.5

+1.0

+0.5

+4.2

+13.7

+6.4

+4.3

+6.6

+10.1

+5.2

+0.9

+2.5

-2.1

-2.2

-2.1

+2.1

+24.9

-1.8

+4.6

+5.3

CHANGESINCE 2009

43.4

37.3

65.6

73.1

53.2

49.6

83.5

39.3

28.2

28.1

53.8

38.1

43.9

32.6

32.1

40.0

25.9

22.8

36.7

42.0

36.4

73.6

43.2

30.1

59.3

69.9

55.4

40.5

51.0

62.9

45.9

40.1

77.0

37.5

60.7

75.0

55.0

48.9

47.7

66.5

73.7

74.1

57.4

10.7

74.4

31.0

65.5

43.8

60.6

58.4

60.4

37.0

SCORE RANK

31st

40th

11th

8th

23rd

25th

1st

37th

48th

49th

22nd

38th

29th

44th

45th

36th

50th

51st

42nd

33rd

43rd

7th

32nd

47th

17th

9th

20th

34th

24th

13th

28th

35th

2nd

39th

14th

3rd

21st

26th

27th

10th

6th

5th

19th

52nd

4th

46th

12th

30th

15th

18th

16th

41st

30.0

34.8

73.1

78.5

47.4

43.6

96.1

27.5

17.6

17.6

59.8

26.0

51.7

19.9

24.0

42.8

15.1

2.8

27.0

37.0

24.8

80.1

40.8

12.7

65.7

82.4

65.1

53.3

36.4

64.2

44.2

29.5

83.9

22.7

60.7

80.1

68.2

52.2

19.3

73.8

75.0

70.8

61.0

2.8

81.1

11.9

65.6

35.8

61.5

46.7

69.5

27.7

54.5

35.8

69.3

68.5

65.8

38.6

84.0

36.6

27.9

29.1

63.5

38.6

46.2

32.7

31.3

41.3

10.5

8.6

28.8

47.1

26.2

78.1

41.5

39.2

51.1

60.9

48.1

37.9

49.2

61.6

54.4

47.4

81.7

53.5

53.6

73.3

68.1

49.0

36.3

71.0

74.7

62.8

64.2

7.3

67.8

29.7

63.2

52.6

59.3

56.9

60.6

30.2

45.8

41.4

54.5

72.3

46.4

66.7

70.2

53.9

39.1

37.7

38.1

49.6

33.7

45.2

40.9

35.8

52.2

56.9

54.3

41.8

58.3

62.7

47.4

38.5

61.2

66.3

53.0

30.4

67.4

62.9

39.0

43.5

65.3

36.3

67.9

71.6

28.6

45.7

87.6

54.5

71.4

88.7

46.9

22.1

74.3

51.5

67.6

43.1

61.0

71.6

51.0

53.0

PARTICIPATION RIGHTS GENDER

SCORE SCORE SCORERANK RANK RANK

35th

34th

10th

7th

25th

28th

1st

38th

46th

47th

21st

40th

24th

44th

42nd

29th

48th

51st

39th

31st

41st

6th

30th

49th

14th

3rd

16th

22nd

32nd

17th

27th

36th

2nd

43rd

20th

5th

13th

23rd

45th

9th

8th

11th

19th

52nd

4th

50th

15th

33rd

18th

26th

12th

37th

21st

41st

7th

8th

11th

37th

1st

39th

48th

46th

13th

36th

32nd

42nd

43rd

34th

50th

51st

47th

31st

49th

3rd

33rd

35th

26th

17th

29th

38th

27th

16th

22nd

30th

2nd

24th

23rd

5th

9th

28th

40th

6th

4th

15th

12th

52nd

10th

45th

14th

25th

19th

20th

18th

44th

34th

40th

22nd

4th

33rd

12th

8th

24th

42nd

46th

45th

30th

49th

36th

41st

48th

27th

20th

23rd

39th

19th

16th

31st

44th

17th

13th

25th

50th

11th

15th

43rd

37th

14th

47th

9th

5th

51st

35th

2nd

21st

7th

1st

32nd

52nd

3rd

28th

10th

38th

18th

6th

29th

26th

CATEGORYPARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS: SCORES & RANKS

18

Sustainable Economic Opportunity: Category Insights

SUSTAINABLEECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY


Infrastructure


Business Environment


Digital Connectivity,Investment Climate,Telephone & IT Infrastructure.


Soundness of Banks,Reserves,Electricity Supply.

SOMALIA

3.5


SCORE/100

52nd

MAURITIUS

79.7


SCORE/100

1st

2013

45.6AFRICAN AVERAGE





52.3 35.7

This category assesses whether the state provides the conditions necessary for the pursuit of economic opportunities that contribute to a prosperous and equitable society. It measures the delivery of sound economic policies and the provision of a sustainable economic environment that is conducive to investment and the operation of a business.



Lord Simon Cairns

Freedom to participate in the creation of economic wealth is a key right for all citizens, and governments have an overwhelming duty to develop an enabling framework.


19

-5.6 -5.4 -4.5

-18.6 -12.6

+6.3 +5.4 +5.2

+7.8 +7.3



BURKINA FASO0504

TUNISIA03MADAGASCAR

44.1

-8

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

29th/52

63.3

-4

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

7th/52

51.0

-5

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

17th/52

LIBYA01 02

EGYPT

27.1

-18

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

47th/52

54.2

-8

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

13th/52

SEYCHELLES0504

DJIBOUTI03RWANDA

63.4

+4

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

6th/52

48.1

+7

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

24th/52

63.6

+4

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

5th/52

DRC01 02

MOROCCO

34.8

+8

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

41st/52

69.1

+4

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

3rd/52



20

Sustainable Economic Opportunity: Sub-category Insights

AFRICAN AVERAGE

47.1

INFRASTRUCTURE

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

AFRICAN AVERAGE

46.1

AFRICAN AVERAGE

36.4

AFRICAN AVERAGE

53.8

RURAL SECTOR

SOUTH AFRICA

74.5


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

2.2


SCORE/100



52.4



40.6

MAURITIUS

90.4


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

1.1


SCORE/100



55.6



33.0

CABO VERDE

80.3


SCORE/100

ZIMBABWE

11.9


SCORE/100

EAST AFRICASCORE/100


58.6



44.6

SEYCHELLES

81.6


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

7.2


SCORE/100



50.3



24.4


21

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cameroon


Chad

Comoros

Congo

Côte d’Ivoire


Djibouti

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Mauritius

Morocco

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda


Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Swaziland

Tanzania

Togo

Tunisia

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

-0.4

-1.6

-3.7

-1.8

-4.5

-0.5

+2.1

-0.3

-3.5

+0.8

+3.8

+3.0

+1.1

+7.8

+5.4

-12.6

+0.1

-3.2

-1.4

+0.1

+0.7

-1.8

+1.0

-4.4

+3.9

+2.2

+4.9

-18.6

-5.6

-1.2

+0.8

-2.1

+3.0

+7.3

-2.1

-1.9

-1.0

+2.8

+6.3

+1.3

-0.3

+5.2

+0.4

-2.2

+2.9

+2.0

-3.7

+2.4

-5.4

+0.6

+3.2

+0.9

CHANGESINCE 2009

49.9

34.6

47.0

65.9

51.0

38.5

63.1

46.2

24.8

29.9

31.3

39.2

43.5

34.8

48.1

54.2

28.4

21.9

50.4

41.5

54.2

53.6

35.9

25.7

54.4

50.4

36.8

27.1

44.1

45.9

51.8

42.0

79.7

69.1

46.8

62.2

40.9

43.3

63.4

40.4

56.7

63.6

41.6

3.5

71.9

51.6

50.5

32.8

63.3

50.1

51.0

23.5

SCORE RANK

23rd

42nd

25th

4th

17th

38th

8th

27th

49th

45th

44th

37th

30th

41st

24th

13th

46th

51st

20th

34th

12th

14th

40th

48th

11th

21st

39th

47th

29th

28th

15th

32nd

1st

3rd

26th

9th

35th

31st

6th

36th

10th

5th

33rd

52nd

2nd

16th

19th

43rd

7th

22nd

18th

50th

56.5

40.5

56.8

69.5

59.3

41.9

59.7

48.5

27.6

38.9

30.1

54.3

44.7

44.1

39.9

43.1

31.3

19.0

50.4

41.3

45.0

48.3

48.4

29.1

55.3

56.4

42.0

28.9

43.0

47.0

59.4

48.8

70.5

60.7

55.2

48.9

50.6

53.2

58.4

38.5

61.6

45.4

42.0

2.2

74.5

48.9

55.2

47.1

61.6

51.6

47.6

27.5

44.6

30.6

50.6

72.8

48.0

36.6

63.0

40.0

25.7

28.1

33.0

29.3

45.8

28.1

53.9

53.6

26.9

7.9

45.7

43.3

56.1

64.3

32.6

25.6

51.2

55.2

42.5

17.2

49.8

48.7

51.1

35.8

90.4

72.0

45.7

65.3

45.8

44.8

79.1

42.6

65.5

58.6

46.5

1.1

77.6

53.9

51.3

30.7

55.1

56.8

61.1

16.7

44.5

28.5

22.6

58.4

27.6

22.7

49.6

37.9

22.1

12.7

26.6

26.7

45.7

10.3

51.2

56.8

14.1

10.9

41.6

41.2

45.7

40.9

15.7

20.3

45.9

38.4

25.0

38.6

29.9

34.7

36.1

26.1

77.9

66.9

28.6

75.8

11.0

19.6

39.6

30.2

34.3

81.6

23.4

7.2

77.1

48.3

32.1

16.6

68.6

29.1

38.2

38.0

53.8

38.9

57.8

62.9

69.1

53.0

80.3

58.3

24.0

40.0

35.6

46.3

38.0

56.7

47.2

63.4

41.1

49.9

63.9

40.2

70.1

61.0

46.8

27.7

65.2

51.5

37.6

23.8

53.6

53.4

60.7

57.2

80.0

76.7

57.9

58.8

56.3

55.6

76.4

50.4

65.3

68.7

54.3

.

58.4

55.5

63.3

36.9

67.8

62.7

57.0

11.9

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL SECTOR

SCORE SCORESCORE SCORERANK RANKRANK RANK

12th

41st

11th

3rd

9th

39th

7th

25th

49th

43rd

46th

17th

33rd

34th

42nd

35th

45th

51st

21st

40th

32nd

27th

26th

47th

14th

13th

37th

48th

36th

30th

8th

24th

2nd

6th

16th

22nd

20th

18th

10th

44th

5th

31st

38th

52nd

1st

23rd

15th

29th

4th

19th

28th

50th

32nd

42nd

22nd

4th

25th

37th

9th

36th

47th

44th

39th

43rd

28th

45th

16th

18th

46th

51st

29th

33rd

13th

8th

40th

48th

20th

14th

35th

49th

23rd

24th

21st

38th

1st

5th

30th

7th

27th

31st

2nd

34th

6th

11th

26th

52nd

3rd

17th

19th

41st

15th

12th

10th

50th

15th

33rd

41st

7th

34th

40th

10th

24th

42nd

48th

36th

35th

14th

51st

9th

8th

47th

50th

16th

17th

13th

18th

46th

43rd

12th

21st

38th

20th

30th

26th

25th

37th

2nd

6th

32nd

4th

49th

44th

19th

29th

27th

1st

39th

52nd

3rd

11th

28th

45th

5th

31st

22nd

23rd

30th

43rd

22nd

14th

6th

33rd

1st

20th

49th

42nd

47th

39th

44th

25th

37th

12th

40th

36th

11th

41st

5th

16th

38th

48th

10th

34th

45th

50th

31st

32nd

17th

23rd

2nd

3rd

21st

18th

26th

27th

4th

35th

9th

7th

29th

19th

28th

13th

46th

8th

15th

24th

51st

.

CATEGORYSUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY: SCORES & RANKS

22

Human Development: Category Insights

HUMANDEVELOPMENT


Health

LEAST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY SINCE 2009

Welfare


Antiretroviral Treatment Provision,Child Mortality,Environmental Sustainability.


Equity of Public Resource Use,Social Protection & Labour,Educational System Quality.

SOMALIA

14.1


SCORE/100

52nd

MAURITIUS

85.6


SCORE/100

1st

2013

58.7AFRICAN AVERAGE





69.7 51.8

This category evaluates the success of the state in securing the well-being of all of its citizens. It measures the extent to which the government provides citizens with social protection, comprehensive education provision and a healthy life.



Jay Naidoo

Human development places citizens at the core of human well-being and enshrines the principle that every life has equal value.


23

-4.7 -4.4 -2.0

-10.4 -5.5

+7.7 +7.3 +6.3

+10.6 +7.7



CABO VERDE0504

ERITREA03MADAGASCAR

48.6

-13

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

42nd/52

43.5

-12

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

49th/52

81.6

–

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

3rd/52

LIBYA01 02

TUNISIA

67.4

-8

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

13th/52

81.0

-3

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

4th/52

LIBERIA0504

SÃO TOMÉ & PRÍNCIPE03RWANDA

72.1

+4

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

9th/52

66.3

+8

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

14th/52

53.6

+6

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

33rd/52

ZIMBABWE01 02

TOGO

53.9

+13

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

32nd/52

54.6

+9

SCORE/100

POINTS RANKS

31st/52



24

Human Development: Sub-category Insights

AFRICAN AVERAGE

51.5

HEALTH

EDUCATION

WELFARE

AFRICAN AVERAGE

52.0

AFRICAN AVERAGE

72.7

MAURITIUS

81.1


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

2.1


SCORE/100



56.0



41.5

MAURITIUS

85.9


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

0.0


SCORE/100



65.6

EAST AFRICASCORE/100


47.2

LIBYA

98.7


SCORE/100

SOMALIA

40.3


SCORE/100



88.5



64.9


25

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cameroon


Chad

Comoros

Congo

Côte d’Ivoire


Djibouti

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Mauritius

Morocco

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda


Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Swaziland

Tanzania

Togo

Tunisia

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

+2.7

+5.3

+3.7

+3.3

+3.2

+5.9

-2.0

+4.1

+0.5

+2.7

-1.4

+4.6

+5.8

+2.8

-0.5

-1.5

-1.2

-4.4

+5.9

+3.1

+2.9

+6.2

+3.5

-0.7

+3.2

+1.5

+6.3

-10.4

-4.7

+4.0

+0.4

+3.6

+1.6

+4.3

+1.2

+4.2

+2.8

-0.3

+7.7

+7.3

+3.5

+2.4

+4.9

+0.6

+2.6

+1.4

+2.8

+7.7

-5.5

+1.8

+1.0

+10.6

CHANGESINCE 2009

77.5

48.6

58.5

80.4

51.2

52.7

81.6

59.6

34.3

37.1

55.7

51.2

48.3

45.2

56.4

69.4

57.9

43.5

56.9

62.8

65.4

75.5

47.5

46.7

64.6

59.3

53.6

67.4

48.6

56.8

51.6

52.6

85.6

70.1

50.5

68.9

45.8

53.0

72.1

66.3

63.4

84.4

47.1

14.1

78.8

62.6

59.6

54.6

81.0

62.8

61.4

53.9

SCORE RANK

7th

41st

25th

5th

38th

35th

3rd

22nd

51st

50th

30th

39th

43rd

48th

29th

11th

26th

49th

27th

18th

15th

8th

44th

46th

16th

24th

33rd

13th

42nd

28th

37th

36th

1st

10th

40th

12th

47th

34th

9th

14th

17th

2nd

45th

52nd

6th

20th

23rd

31st

4th

19th

21st

32nd

63.3

40.1

58.4

79.2

54.2

51.6

76.1

50.5

22.5

35.0

43.6

44.7

35.7

31.4

53.5

50.1

35.8

21.9

63.2

52.8

58.4

74.0

44.8

34.9

60.1

50.6

45.9

38.3

39.9

53.2

45.1

53.5

81.1

56.8

51.6

67.8

47.7

52.6

77.4

59.0

60.1

78.8

42.4

2.1

77.9

47.2

59.9

40.1

67.5

61.9

51.0

32.3

72.3

40.9

45.9

75.0

30.1

41.6

77.5

54.1

24.0

27.8

62.9

44.5

39.3

48.6

45.7

68.5

75.2

43.7

42.4

55.1

58.3

71.6

32.4

40.3

58.6

56.2

49.4

65.2

45.4

41.5

40.5

38.2

85.9

66.0

34.2

59.6

28.0

45.8

53.3

62.9

51.2

75.9

47.0

0.0

72.7

63.2

43.3

53.6

83.2

51.3

59.4

54.5

96.8

64.9

71.3

86.9

69.4

64.8

91.3

74.3

56.4

48.7

60.6

64.3

69.9

55.5

70.1

89.4

62.8

64.8

65.0

80.6

79.4

80.9

65.3

64.7

75.0

71.0

65.6

98.7

60.5

75.7

69.4

66.0

89.8

87.6

65.6

79.3

61.7

60.4

85.5

77.0

79.0

98.6

51.9

40.3

85.7

77.3

75.6

70.1

92.3

75.0

73.7

74.9

WELFARE EDUCATION HEALTH

SCORE SCORE SCORERANK RANK RANK

10th

40th

18th

2nd

20th

27th

6th

30th

50th

46th

38th

37th

45th

49th

22nd

31st

44th

51st

11th

24th

17th

7th

36th

47th

13th

29th

34th

43rd

42nd

23rd

35th

21st

1st

19th

26th

8th

32nd

25th

5th

16th

14th

3rd

39th

52nd

4th

33rd

15th

41st

9th

12th

28th

48th

8th

41st

31st

6th

48th

39th

3rd

23rd

51st

50th

14th

35th

44th

29th

33rd

10th

5th

36th

38th

21st

19th

9th

47th

43rd

18th

20th

28th

12th

34th

40th

42nd

45th

1st

11th

46th

16th

49th

32nd

25th

15th

27th

4th

30th

52nd

7th

13th

37th

24th

2nd

26th

17th

22nd

3rd

38th

26th

9th

32nd

39th

5th

24th

48th

51st

45th

42nd

30th

49th

29th

7th

43rd

40th

37th

13th

14th

12th

36th

41st

21st

27th

35th

1st

46th

19th

31st

33rd

6th

8th

34th

15th

44th

47th

11th

18th

16th

2nd

50th

52nd

10th

17th

20th

28th

4th

22nd

25th

23rd

CATEGORYHUMAN DEVELOPMENT: SCORES & RANKS

26

Synthesis of the Methodology

Calculation Stages

Indicators that are consistent with MIF’s definition of governance and meet specific standards of quality, periodicity and country coverage are selected and missing raw data values are estimated.

Raw data come in different scales from source. Before being included in the IIAG they are transformed to a scale on which they can be meaningfully compared and combined. The data for each indicator are put on a standardised range of 0-100, where 100 is the best possible score.

Once the 95 indicators have been transformed to a common scale, each one is grouped with similar indicators to form 14 sub-categories. The sub-category score is the simple average of all of the indicator scores.

Sub-categories are grouped into one of four conceptual categories. The category score is the average of the sub-category scores.

The overall governance score is the average of the four category scores.

For the detailed 2014 IIAG methodology visit www.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/publications/2014/2014-iiag-methodology.pdf.

IIAG


HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

PARTICIPATION& HUMAN

RIGHTS

SUSTAINABLEECONOMIC

OPPORTUNITY

categories

sub-categories

indicators

raw data1

2

3

4

5overall

governance

http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/publications/2014/2014-iiag-methodology.pdf


27

Data Sources & Institutions

Africa Integrity IndicatorsGlobal Integrity (AII GI)

African Economic Outlook African Development Bank/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/United Nations Development Programme/United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA)

African Electoral Index: 2000-2013Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique (AEI IREEP)

African Statistical Yearbook African Union/African Development Bank/United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA)

AIDSinfo Database Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (AD UNAIDS)

Bertelsmann Transformation Index Bertelsmann Stiftung (BTI BS)

Bulletin Board on Statistical Capacity World Bank (BBSC WB)

Child Mortality Estimates Info Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (CME IGME)

Country Performance AssessmentAfrican Development Bank (CPA AfDB)

CountryData Economist Intelligence Unit (CD EIU)

Democracy IndexEconomist Intelligence Unit (DI EIU)

Economist Intelligence Unit DatasetEconomist Intelligence Unit (EIUD EIU)

Freedom in the World SurveyFreedom House (FITW FH)

Freedom of the Press IndexFreedom House (FOTP FH)

Global Competitiveness ReportWorld Economic Forum (GCR WEF)

Global Health Observatory DatabaseWorld Health Organization (GHO WHO)

IDA Resource Allocation IndexWorld Bank (IRAI WB)

Index of Economic FreedomThe Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal (IEF HER/WSJ)

Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and DevelopmentsInternal Displacement Monitoring Centre (GOT IDMC)

Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary General United Nations Office of Legal Affairs (MTDSG UNOLA)

Performance-based Allocation SystemInternational Fund for Agricultural Development (PBAS IFAD)

Political Terror ScalePolitical Terror Scale (PTS PTS)

Sanctions in Africa 2000-2013CDD Ghana (SIA CDD)

Social Institutions and Gender Index under Gender Institutions and Development Database Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (GID-DB/SIGI OECD)

Trafficking in Persons ReportUS Department of State - Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (TIP USDS)

Treaty Body DatabaseOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (TBD OHCHR)

UCDP Data v.4-2014, 1946-2013Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (UCDP UCDP)

UNESCO Institute for StatisticsUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UIS UNESCO)

UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (OPD UNHCR)

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation DatabaseWorld Health Organization (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

World Development IndicatorsWorld Bank (WDI WB)

World Press Freedom IndexReporters sans frontières (WPFI RSF)

World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database International Telecommunication Union (WT/ICTD ITU)

Worldwide Governance IndicatorsWorld Bank (WGI WB)

The 2014 IIAG was calculated using data from 34 external sources, provided by 28 independent institutions.

Data Sources

28

*One or more variables from joint data project(s).

World Bank (WB)

Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)

African Development Bank (AfDB)

Bertelsmann Stiftung (BS)

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

World Economic Forum (WEF)

Global Integrity (GI)

World Health Organization (WHO)

Freedom House (FH)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal (HER/WSJ)

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)

African Union (AU)

CDD Ghana (CDD)

Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique (IREEP)

Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME)

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC)

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Political Terror Scale (PTS)

Reporters sans frontières (RSF)

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

United Nations Office of Legal Affairs (UNOLA)

Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research — Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (UCDP)

US Department of State — Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (USDS)

22

17

14

13

11

11

10

8

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

*

*

*

*

*

Data Institutions Number of variables in the 2014 IIAG


29

Indicators


Rule of Law

Judicial Process (EIUD EIU)Extent to which the legal process or courts are subject to interference or distortion by interest groups. (EA)

Judicial Independence*

wJudicial Independence (BTI BS)

Extent to which the courts can interpret and review norms and pursue their own reasoning, free from the influence of political decision-makers or powerful groups or individuals. (EA)

wJudicial Independence (GCR WEF)

Extent to which the judiciary is independent from the influence of members of government, citizens or firms. (OS)

wJudicial Independence (AII GI)

Extent to which judges have autonomy and independence to interpret and review norms, without fear or favour. (EA)

Sanctions (SIA CDD)Imposition of sanctions by the United Nations and/or the African Union on a state and/or governmental and/or non-governmental actors. (EA/OD)

Transfers of Power (EIUD EIU) Degree to which constitutional mechanisms are clear, established and accepted for the orderly transfer of power from one administration to the next. (EA)

Property Rights*

wProperty Rights (CPA AfDB)+

Extent to which private economic activity is facilitated by an effective legal system

funds and results of actions by the electorate, legislature and judiciary, and public employees within the executive are accountable for use of resources, administrative decisions and results. (EA)

Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which there is local level accountability of the executive and legislature, including public employees and elected officials, to low-income rural populations for use of funds and results of actions. (EA)

Corruption & Bureaucracy (WGI WB) Degree of intrusiveness of bureaucracy, amount of red tape likely to be encountered and likelihood of encountering corruption among officials and other groups. (EA)

Accountability of Public Officials (EIUD EIU) Extent of accountability of public officials, including the existence of safeguards against incompetency and the possibility of recourse in cases of unfair treatment. (EA)

Corruption in Government & Public Officials (EIUD EIU) Level of vested interest/cronyism and corruption in the public sector. (EA)

Prosecution of Abuse of Office (BTI BS) Degree to which there are legal or political penalties for public office holders who abuse their positions. (EA)

Diversion of Public Funds (GCR WEF) Prevalence of the diversion of public funds to companies,

and rule-based governance structure in which property and contract rights are reliably respected and enforced. (EA)

wProperty Rights (IRAI WB)+ Extent to which private economic activity is facilitated by an effective legal system and rule-based governance structure in which property and contract rights are reliably respected and enforced. (EA)

wProperty Rights (BTI BS) Extent to which the government ensures well-defined rights of private property and regulates the acquisition, benefits, use and sale of property. (EA)

wProperty Freedom (IEF HER/WSJ)

Extent to which individuals can accumulate private property, secured by clear laws that are fully enforced by the government. (EA)

wProperty Rights (GCR WEF) Strength of the protection of property rights, including financial assets. (OS)

Accountability

Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector*

wAccountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (CPA AfDB)

Extent to which the executive is accountable for use of funds and results of actions by the electorate, legislature and judiciary, and public employees within the executive are accountable for use of resources, administrative decisions and results. (EA)

wAccountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (IRAI WB)

Extent to which the executive is accountable for use of

individuals or groups due to corruption. (OS)

Public Sector Corruption Bodies (AII GI) Extent to which the body/bodies that investigate allegations of public sector corruption has/have a functioning system in place to receive and investigate citizens’ allegations. (EA)

Access to Information*

wPublic Information (AII GI) Extent to which requested records are accessible to the public online or offline in a timely and cost-efficient manner. (EA)

wAccess to Legislative Processes & Documents (AII GI)

Extent to which legislative records are accessible to the public online or offline in a timely and cost-efficient manner. (EA)

Personal Safety

Political Terror (PTS PTS) Extent of violations of physical integrity rights, including political violence and terror, carried out by a state or its agents. (EA)

Social Unrest (EIUD EIU) Prevalence of violent social unrest. (EA)

Safety of the Person (EIUD EIU) Level of criminality. (EA)

Police Services (GCR WEF) Extent to which police services can be relied upon to enforce law and order. (OS)

Violent Crime (EIUD EIU) Prevalence of violent crime, both organised and common. (EA)

The IIAG is compiled using indicators based on Expert Assessment (EA), Official Data (OD) or Opinion Survey (OS). Data sources and institutions are shown as acronyms after the name of each indicator and variable (refer to p. 27).

Clustered indicators are identified by *. Clusters within clustered indicators are identified by +.

30

Human Trafficking (TIP USDS) Nature and scope of trafficking in persons and government actions to confront and eliminate it. (EA)

National Security

Cross-border Tensions (EIUD EIU) Level of potential threats to economic and political stability due to international disputes or tensions. (EA)

Government Involvement in Armed Conflict (UCDP UCDP) Degree of direct or indirect involvement of the government in an armed conflict which results in at least 25 annual battle-related deaths. (EA)

Domestic Armed Conflict (EIUD EIU) Level of internal conflict and/or civil war, or the likelihood of conflict developing in the near future. (EA)

Political Refugees (OPD UNHCR) People fleeing the country due to fear of persecution. (OD)

Internally Displaced People (GOT IDMC) People displaced within a country due to violence, conflict, human rights violations or natural or human-made disasters. (EA/OD)


Participation

Free & Fair Executive Elections (AEI IREEP) Extent of freedom and fairness of executive elections across the campaign period and all aspects of the election process, including extent of opposition participation, adherence to electoral procedures, citizens’ access to information, levels of

wPress Freedom (FOTP FH) Degree of print, broadcast and internet freedom. (EA)

wPress Freedom (WPFI RSF) Degree of freedom that journalists, news organisations and netizens enjoy, and the efforts made by authorities to respect, and ensure respect for, this freedom. (EA)

Freedom of Association & Assembly*

wFreedom of Association & Assembly (BTI BS)

Extent to which independent political and/or civic groups can be formed and can associate and assemble freely. (EA)

wFreedom of Association (AII GI)

Extent to which citizens are able to associate freely with their peers in public, express dissent in public settings and participate in political organisations. (EA)

Civil Liberties*

wProtection of Civil Liberties (BTI BS)

Extent to which civil rights are guaranteed and protected and citizens can seek redress for violations of these rights. (EA)

wCivil Liberties (FITW FH) Extent of civil liberties, taking into account freedom of expression and belief, associational and organisational rights, rule of law and personal autonomy. (EA)

Gender

Gender Equality*

wGender Equality (CPA AfDB) Extent to which a country has enacted and put in place institutions and programmes to enforce laws and policies that promote equal access for men and women to human capital development opportunities and productive

and economic resources, and give men and women equal status and protection under the law. (EA)

wGender Equality (IRAI WB) Extent to which a country has enacted and put in place institutions and programmes to enforce laws and policies that promote equal access for men and women to human capital development opportunities and productive and economic resources, and give men and women equal status and protection under the law. (EA)

Gender Balance in Education (WDI WB) Ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools. (OD)

Women’s Participation in the Labour Force (WDI WB) Female population, 15 and older, that is economically active. (OD)

Equal Representation in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which laws, policies, institutions and practices promote equal representation of men and women in local decision-making. (EA)

Women in Parliament (WDI WB) Parliamentary seats, in a single or lower chamber, held by women. (OD)

Legislation on Violence Against Women (GID-DB/SIGI OECD) Existence of women’s legal protection from rape, assault and sexual harassment and prevalence of, and attitudes towards, domestic violence. (EA)

Gender Equality in the Workplace (AII GI) Extent to which women receive equal pay and benefits to men for performing the same job, have equal opportunities to be hired or promoted and are not discriminated against as a result of pregnancy. (EA)

violence, acceptance of results and turnover of power. (EA)

Free & Fair Elections (BTI BS) Extent to which political representatives are determined by general, free and fair elections. (EA)

Political Participation (DI EIU) Extent to which citizens have relevant information and the freedom to participate in the political process. (EA)

Effective Power to Govern (BTI BS) Extent to which democratically elected political representatives have effective power to govern or to which there are veto powers and political enclaves. (EA)

Political Rights (FITW FH) Extent to which citizens are free to participate in the political process including the right to vote freely for distinct alternatives in legitimate elections, compete for public office, join political parties and organisations and elect accountable representatives. (EA)

Rights

International Human Rights Conventions (MTDSG UNOLA/TBD OHCHR) Ratification of the nine core international human rights conventions, and two optional protocols on children, and the submission of reports to the relevant bodies within the past ten years. (EA/OD)

Human Rights (EIUD EIU) Likelihood of a state being accused of serious human rights violations. (EA)

Freedom of Expression*

wFreedom of Expression (BTI BS)

Extent to which citizens, organisations and mass media can express opinions freely. (EA)


31

Gender Equality in Appointments to Cabinet (AII GI) Extent to which at least a third of the members of the national cabinet are women. (EA)

Sustainable Economic Opportunity

Public Management

Statistical Capacity (BBSC WB) Capacity of national statistical systems in terms of methodology, data sources, periodicity and timeliness. (EA)

Public Administration*

wPublic Administration (CPA AfDB)

Extent to which civilian central government is structured to design and implement government policy and effectively deliver services. (EA)

wPublic Administration (IRAI WB)

Extent to which civilian central government is structured to design and implement government policy and effectively deliver services. (EA)

Diversification (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA) Extent to which exports are diversified. (EA)

Reserves (CD EIU) Total international reserves in relation to imports of goods and non-factor services. (OD)

Budget Management*

wBudget Management (CPA AfDB)

Extent to which the budget is comprehensive and credible, linked to policy priorities, with effective financial management systems and timely and accurate fiscal reporting. (EA)

Access to Financial Records of State-owned Companies (AII GI) Extent to which the financial records of state-owned companies are available online or offline to journalists, auditors and citizens in a timely and cost-efficient manner. (EA)

Business Environment

Competitive Environment*

wCompetitive Environment (CPA AfDB)+

Extent to which direct regulations of business activity help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs and becoming more productive. (EA)

wCompetitive Environment (IRAI WB)+

Extent to which the legal, regulatory and policy environment helps or hinders private businesses in investing, creating jobs and becoming more productive. (EA)

wCompetition (BTI BS) Extent to which the fundamentals of market-based competition have developed and safeguards exist, and are enforced, to prevent economic monopolies and cartels. (EA)

wCompetitive Bidding (AII GI) Extent to which bids from competing contractors, suppliers or vendors are invited through open advertising of the proposed contract, and whether the criteria by which bids are evaluated are available for scrutiny. (EA)

Investment Climate (IEF HER/WSJ) Degree of economic freedom, based on constraints on the flow of investment capital. (EA)

Investment Climate for Rural Businesses (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which the policy, legal and regulatory framework

supports the emergence and development of private rural businesses. (EA)

Rural Financial Services Development (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which the policy and institutional framework supports the development of a commercially-based rural financial market that is rooted in the private sector and is efficient, equitable and accessible to low-income rural populations. (EA)

Bureaucracy & Red Tape (EIUD EIU) Extent of red tape, including bureaucratic delay and complexity in obtaining the appropriate documentation or authorisation to engage in business activities. (EA)

Customs Procedures (GCR WEF) Level of efficiency of customs procedures relating to the entry and exit of merchandise. (OS)

Soundness of Banks (GCR WEF) Soundness of banks, ranging from the requirement of recapitalisation to being generally healthy with sound balance sheets. (OS)

Infrastructure

Electricity Supply (GCR WEF) Quality of the electricity supply, taking into account interruptions and voltage fluctuations. (OS)

Road Network (GCR WEF) Quality of roads, ranging from extremely underdeveloped to extensive and efficient by international standards. (OS)

Rail Network (EIUD EIU) Risk that the rail network will be inadequate for business needs. (EA)

Air Transport*

wQuality of Air Transport (GCR WEF)

Quality of air transport

wBudget Management (IRAI WB)

Extent to which the budget is comprehensive and credible, linked to policy priorities, with effective financial management systems and timely and accurate fiscal reporting. (EA)

Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure (ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA) Total budget revenue as a proportion of total budget expenditure. (OD)

Fiscal Policy*

wFiscal Policy (CPA AfDB) Level of short- and medium-term sustainability of fiscal policy (taking into account monetary and exchange rate policy and sustainability of public debt) and its impact on growth. (EA)

wFiscal Policy (IRAI WB) Level of sustainability of fiscal policy (taking into account monetary and exchange rate policy) and the appropriate provision of public goods. (EA)

Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (CD EIU) Total external debt service due in relation to exports of goods, non-factor services, income and workers’ remittances. (OD)

Revenue Collection*

wRevenue Collection (CPA AfDB)

Pattern of government revenue mobilisation from all sources, taking into account both tax structure on paper and actual tax collection. (EA)

wRevenue Collection (IRAI WB)

Pattern of government revenue mobilisation from all sources, taking into account both tax structure on paper and actual tax collection. (EA)

32

infrastructure, ranging fromextremely underdeveloped to extensive and efficient by international standards. (OS)

wAir Transport Safety (AII GI) Extent to which the country’s aviation safety oversight authority is subject to international standards, and whether it has complied with the recommendations made in the latest audit reports. (EA)

Telephone & IT Infrastructure*

wTelephone Network (EIUD EIU)

Risk that the telephone network will be inadequate for business needs, taking into account the degree of obsolescence, level of maintenance and sufficiency of supply. (EA)

wIT Infrastructure (EIUD EIU) Risk that information technology infrastructure will be inadequate for business needs. (EA)

Digital Connectivity*

wMobile Phone Subscribers (WT/ICTD ITU)

Subscriptions to public mobile telephone services including the number of active prepaid SIM cards. (OD)

wHousehold Computers (WT/ICTD ITU)

Households with a computer (desktop, portable or handheld). (OD)

wInternet Subscribers (WT/ICTD ITU)

Active internet subscriptions with fixed (wired) internet access, which includes dial up and total fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions. (OD)

Access to Water*

wAccess to Piped Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

Population served with piped drinking water into their dwelling, yard or plot. (OD)

social protection and labour market regulation, which reduce the risk of people becoming poor, assist those who are poor to better manage further risks and ensure a minimum level of welfare to all people. (EA)

wSocial Protection & Labour (IRAI WB)

Government policies for social protection and labour market regulation, which reduce the risk of people becoming poor, assist those who are poor to better manage further risks, and ensure a minimum level of welfare to all people. (EA)

Social Exclusion (BTI BS) Extent to which significant parts of the population are fundamentally excluded from society due to poverty and inequality (taking into account factors such as income and education inequality and religious, ethnic and gender exclusion). (EA)

Welfare Services (Health & Education)*

wWelfare Services (Health & Education) (CPA AfDB)

National policies and public and private sector service delivery that affect access to, and quality of, health and nutrition services, education, Early Childhood Development, training and literacy programmes and prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. (EA)

wWelfare Services (Health & Education) (IRAI WB)

National policies and public and private sector service delivery that affect access to, and quality of, health and nutrition services, education, Early Childhood Development, training and literacy programmes and prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. (EA)

commercially-based agricultural markets that are rooted in the private sector and are efficient, equitable and accessible to small farmers. (EA)

Policy & Legal Framework for Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which an enabling policy and legal environment is present for low-income rural populations to organise into autonomous groups and associations or engage in other forms of collective action. (EA)

Dialogue Between Government & Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which rural populations are able to enter into dialogue with, lobby and express their concerns and priorities to government, and the degree of government responsiveness to low-income rural populations and consideration of their views in policy-making for the sector. (EA)

Agricultural Policy Costs (GCR WEF) Nature of agricultural policy, ranging from excessively burdensome for the economy to balancing the interests of taxpayers, consumers and producers. (OS)

Human Development

Welfare

Welfare Regime (BTI BS) Extent to which there is equality of opportunity in society and there are social safety nets which compensate for poverty and other risks, such as old age, illness, unemployment or disability. (EA)

Social Protection & Labour*

wSocial Protection & Labour (CPA AfDB)

Government policies for

wAccess to Improved Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

Population served with a drinking water source that, by nature of its construction, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly faecal matter. (OD)

Rural Sector

Public Resources for Rural Development (PBAS IFAD) Government policies, strategies and investment programmes for the agricultural and rural development sector, and the efficiency, consistency and transparency with which resources are allocated, managed and accounted for. (EA)

Land & Water for Low-income Rural Populations*

wAccess to Land (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which the legal, institutional and market frameworks provide the basis for low-income rural populations to have secure access to land and the extent to which they are able to benefit from these. (EA)

wAccess to Water for Agriculture (PBAS IFAD)

Extent to which the policy and institutional framework provides for rural populations to have equitable user-rights over water resources for agriculture and to effectively manage those resources. (EA)

Agricultural Research & Extension Services (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which low-income farmers, including women, have access to agricultural research and the extension system, and whether it is responsive to their needs and priorities. (EA)

Agricultural Input & Produce Markets (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which the policy and institutional framework supports the development of


33

Ratio of Pupils to Teachers in Primary School (UIS UNESCO) Pupils enrolled in primary school in relation to primary school teachers. (OD)

Primary School Completion (WDI WB) Students completing the last year of primary school, in relation to the population of the age group for that level. (OD)

Progression to Secondary School (WDI WB) New entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year, in relation to students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year. (OD)

Tertiary Enrolment (UIS UNESCO) Enrolment in tertiary education, regardless of age, in relation to the population of the age group for that level. (OD)

Literacy (UIS UNESCO) Population aged 15 or over who can both read and write a short simple statement on their everyday life. (OD)

Health

Maternal Mortality (GHO WHO) Female deaths from any cause related to, or aggravated by, pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). (OD)

Child Mortality (CME IGME) Probability of a child dying between birth and five years of age, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (OD)

Immunisation (Measles, DPT & Hepatitis B)*

wImmunisation against Measles (WDI WB)

Children aged 12-23 months who receive appropriate vaccinations against measles before 12 months or any time before the survey. (OD)

wOpen Defecation Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

Population that disposes of human faeces in outdoor spaces or alongside solid waste. (OD)

wImmunisation against DPT (WDI WB)

Children aged 12-23 months who receive appropriate vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus before 12 months or any time before the survey. (OD)

wImmunisation against Hepatitis B (GHO WHO)

Children aged one-year who receive three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. (OD)

Antiretroviral Treatment Provision*

wART Provision (AD UNAIDS) Eligible adults and children who receive antiretroviral treatment therapy. (OD)

wART Provision for Pregnant Women (AD UNAIDS)

Eligible HIV-positive pregnant women who receive antiretroviral treatment therapy to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. (OD)

Disease (Malaria & TB)*

wMalaria (GHO WHO) Deaths due to malaria. (OD)

wTuberculosis (GHO WHO) Deaths due to tuberculosis, excluding HIV-related tuberculosis deaths. (OD)

Undernourishment (WDI WB) Population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements continuously. (OD)

Access to Sanitation*

wAccess to Improved Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

Population served with an improved sanitation facility that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. (OD)

Equity of Public Resource Use*

wEquity of Public Resource Use (CPA AfDB)

Extent to which the pattern of public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities. (EA)

wEquity of Public Resource Use (IRAI WB)

Extent to which the pattern of public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities. (EA)

Environmental Policy (BTI BS) Extent to which environmental concerns are effectively taken into account in both macro and microeconomic policymaking. (EA)

Environmental Sustainability*

wEnvironmental Sustainability (CPA AfDB)

Extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution. (EA)

wEnvironmental Sustainability (IRAI WB)

Extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution. (EA)

Education

Education Provision & Quality (BTI BS) Extent to which there are solid institutions for basic, secondary and tertiary education, as well as for research and development. (EA)

Educational System Quality (GCR WEF) Extent to which the educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy. (OS)

34

Research Team

About the Mo Ibrahim Foundation

MIF was established in 2006 with a focus on the critical importance of leadership and governance in Africa. By providing tools to support progress in leadership and governance, MIF aims to promote meaningful change on the continent.

+Board representative on the IIAG Advisory Council.

IIAG Project Team

Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF) Board of Directors

Advisory Council

Name Organisation

Dr Abdalla Hamdok (Chair) United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)

Dr Maurice Enguéléguélé Africa Governance Institute (AGI)

Hazel Feigenblatt* Global Integrity (GI)

Dr E. Gyimah-Boadi* CDD Ghana

Dr Ali Hadi The American University in Cairo (AUC)

Dr Alcinda Honwana Open University (OU)

Dr Daniel Kaufmann Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI)

Ambassador Mustaq Moorad International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)

‘Jide Olanrewaju Satya Capital

Dr Joy Phumaphi African Leaders Malaria Alliance (ALMA)

Dr Vera Songwe World Bank Group

Dr Piero Stanig Università commerciale Luigi Bocconi

Dr Daniel Zovatto International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)

Name Title

Nathalie Delapalme Executive Director – Research and Policy

Elizabeth McGrath Director of the IIAG

Salmana Ahmed Senior Programme Manager

Chloé Bailey Programme Officer

Cirus Iniesta Carreras Senior Analyst

Sif Heide-Ottosen Analyst

Christina Nelson Senior Programme Manager

Zainab Umar Senior Researcher

Maria Tsirodimitri Graphic Designer

Name Title

Mo Ibrahim Founder and Chair, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Founder, Celtel International

Lord Cairns+ Former Chairman, Actis Capital LLP; Former Chief Executive Officer, SG Warburg

Nathalie Delapalme+ Executive Director – Research and Policy, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Former Advisor on Africa and development issues to various French foreign ministers

Hadeel Ibrahim Executive Director – Strategy and External Relations, Mo Ibrahim Foundation: Co-chair, The Africa Center

Abdoulie Janneh+ Executive Director – Liaison with Governments and Institutions in Africa, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Former Under Secretary-General, UN and Executive Secretary of UNECA

Sir Ketumile Masire Co-Chairperson, GCA; Former President of Botswana

Jay Naidoo Chair of the Board and Partnership Council, GAIN; Founding General Secretary, COSATU

Mary Robinson UN Special Envoy for Climate Change; Former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; Former President of Ireland

Salim Ahmed Salim Former Secretary-General, OAU; Former Prime Minister of Tanzania

*Observer


35

IIAG Resources

To explore the 2014 IIAG further, including information on the IIAG methodology and data sources, download the IIAG Data Portal, Data Report or Country Profiles from www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag-downloads/.


The IIAG Data Portal is an interactiveExcel-based application, available forin-depth analysis of the results of theIIAG, in English or French.

DATA PORTAL

IBRAHIM INDEX

OF AFRICAN

GOVERNANCE

EXPLOREBY COUNTRY

EXPLORE KEY FINDINGS

EXPLOREBY INDICATOR

COMPARE COUNTRIES OR GROUPS

EXPLORE BY REGION, RECOR GEOGRAPHICAL GROUPING

Data Portal

Join the discussion on Twitter or Facebook:/MoIbrahimFoundation@Mo_IbrahimFdn #IIAG

Data Report Country Profiles



DATA REPORT52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8

88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8

88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8

65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7

65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7

65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7

54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3

54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3

54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3

25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5

25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5

25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5

61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3

61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3

61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3

61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3

43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8

43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8

43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8



COUNTRY PROFILES52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9

88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8

88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8

88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8

65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7

65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7

65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7

54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3

54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3

54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3

25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5

25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5

25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5

61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3

61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3

61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3

61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3

43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8

43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8

43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8

36

Regional Groupings

Central Africa Cameroon, Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé & Príncipe.

East Africa Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan*, Sudan*, Tanzania, Uganda.

North Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia.

Southern Africa Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

West Africa Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.

*South Sudan and Sudan are not considered in the calculation of any average values for any groups in the 2014 IIAG.

Source: AEO 2014 (AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA).

The 2014 IIAG covers a 14-year data period from 2000 to 2013. The full data set, all of the underlying raw data used in the computation of the IIAG and normalised scores, as calculated for the expressed purposes of the IIAG, are available online at: www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag-downloads/.

All figures are displayed to one decimal place within this report. For this reason, countries may appear to have the same score, or the same change over time, but do not when decimal places are taken into account. This is also why countries may appear to have a change over time of -/+0.0. Countries have been ranked and trends have been described based on the numbers to full precision, not the rounded numbers.

Analysis of trends over time (improvements and deteriorations) take into consideration a five-year period: 2009-2013. References to the past five years refer to this time period.

Twenty-six indicators were formed by clustering a number of underlying variables which each measure the same dimension and come from different sources, or measure similar concepts and come from the same source. A cluster is formed by averaging the underlying variables (post normalisation).

Following the secession of South Sudan in 2011, Sudan was, for the first time, excluded from the IIAG. Once comprehensive data are available for South Sudan and Sudan both countries will be included in the IIAG.

Somalia has no underlying raw data for all indicators in the Rural Sector sub-category and therefore is not given a score or rank. These cases are indicated by “.”.

Notes

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/MoIbrahimFoundation @Mo_IbrahimFdn #IIAG

2014 ibrahim index of african governance: summary report

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