re-collection to assess temporal variation in wild barley diversity in jordan
TRANSCRIPT
Re-collection to assess temporal variation in wild barley diversity in JordanThormann I, Engels JMM, Börner A, Lohwasser U, Pillen K, Richards CM 1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress, 6-9 November 2016, New Delhi, India
Genetic erosion studies on Crop Wild Relatives
How changes the diversity over time?
Where has crop wild relative diversity been lost?
What factors drive change and loss?
INTRODUCTION
Germplasm collections as resource
Plenty of germplasm collecting during the past century
Conserved in genebanks around the world
Snapshotsof diversity
Useful as baseline
One example:Bioversity InternationalCollecting Database
http://bioversity.github.io/geosite/INTRODUCTION
Bioversity International Collecting Database
Over 220,000 samples collected in over 1000 collecting trips between 1975 and 2012 (90% collected between 1975-1995)
27% are wild species
25% of trips collected only wild species
Location data andmission reports available
INTRODUCTION http://bioversity.github.io/geosite/
Re-collection of barley in Jordan: 1981 / 2012
METHODS
Verification with Google earth and gazetteers
• 1981 seed samples conserved in
NordGen
• Set of wild barley population
pairs collected from same 18
sites in both years
Data and analyses
METHODS
• Field trial in IPK • 16 individual plants per
population• 38 SSRs for genetic diversity,
differentiation and population structure analyses
• 10 variable phenotypic traits for assessment of relative changes in phenotypes
Data and analyses
METHODS
• Trends in temperature and rainfall variables; differences between collecting time points
• Correlations between climatic, phenotypic and genetic change, and with geographical variables (latitude and elevation).
Variable\Year 1980 1981 … 2012 2013 Annual precipitation Driest month Driest quarter Wettest month Wettest quarter Annual mean temp Hottest month Hottest quarter Coldest month Coldest quarter
• Analogue to Bioclim variables 1, 5, 6, 10-14, 16, 17
RESULTS
7575 7561 7572 7586 7588 7640 7599 7600 7595 7594 7596 7602 7616 7604 7617 7606 7612 76280
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Change in annual, quarterly and monthly temperature means between col-lecting periods per site
Change annual temp
Change warmest quarterChange coldest quarter
Change warmest monthchange coldest month
Annual temperature
RESULTS
• Population structure largely maintained
• Higher genetic diversity in 2012(no. of alleles, allelic richness,no. of multi-locus genotypes)
• Lower differentiationamong populations in 2012(lower FST, increased genetic and physical admixture).
RESULTS
• Phenotype variation within and among sites comparable in both collecting years, confirming high variability observed in other studies
• Relative change in phenotype among collecting years (further field trials)
• No correlations (except change in climate with latitude)
Summary
RESULTS
• Observed pattern of increased diversity, reduced differentiation and maintenance of phenotypic variation: evidence of an additional possible response in CWR exposed to a variable and changing environment.
• Reduced differentiation indicating increased seed dispersal, likely due to the intensification of agriculture and grazing.
• include agricultural practices and seed flow in studies on CWR growing in disturbed habitats and agricultural areas.
• Useful approach to investigate temporal changes in CWR diversity
• Bioversity International Collecting Database: rich source of baseline data for similar studies.
Acknowledgements, references • National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension (NCARE), Jordan
• International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA)
• National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP), USDA, USA
• German Federal Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)
• Bioversity International.
Thormann I, Reeves P, Thumm S, Reilley A, JMM Engels, Lohwasser U, Börner A, Pillen K, Richards CM (2016) Genotypic and phenotypic changes in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) during a period of climate change in Jordan. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-016-0437-5.
Thormann I, Fiorino E, Halewood M, Engels JMM (2015) Plant genetic resources collections and associated information as baseline resource for genetic diversity studies – an assessment of the IBPGR supported collections. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 62(8):1279-1293.
