RCMTTrrp Rovar CaNeDTAN MrrrrARy IxsrrrurE

Security Studies Conference }OLGFouNopo 1890

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From the Presidentt is my great pleasure to welcome all of you to the

Royal Canadian Military Institute and todayt ex-

ceedingly relevant Security Studies Conference. This

is the first event of its kind to be held in our new prem-ises and it continues a long tradition of conferences and

seminars for which The Institute has been so well respected

over the decades.

For more than 125 years, the Institute has focused on promoting and

fostering military art, science and literature in Canada. It is a key part ofour mandate and provides unique insight into issues of national securirydefence, public safety and foreign affairs for more than 1500 members

across Canada and around the World.For those of you who are non-members or first-time visitors, please

take a few minutes to tour our magnificent environment. From our Ii-brary, with one of the finest collections of military volumes in the world,

to museum displays throughout our premises featuring weapons, field

artifacts, paintings, medal collections and the unique'Red Baron exhibitfound in our Long Bar, you will discover items that can be seen nowhere

else on earth.The Royal Canadian Military Institute is a Canadian icon, a vital,

national institution with a proud, fascinating heritage so why not con-

sider becoming a member? You will find that, dollar for dollar, it is the

best value in town.From Paris to Brussels, Ankara to Lahore, the sad reality of today's

terrorist events makes this conference, 'Are We Prepared?'l both timelyand relevant. We have an outstanding array of panelists with each expert

contributing unparalled experience from their respective disciplines. To

each panelist we say thank you for your participation and contributionas you share your commentary and knowledge to make this conference

a memorable success.

Enjoy the day.

Thankyou.

Gilbert TaylorPresident

Rovar C,sNADrerq Mlurenv INsTITUTEFouNDrD 1890

PATRON

Fiis Excellency the Right Honourable

David Johnston, C.C., C.M.M., C.O.M., C.D.

Gowrnor General of Canada

Vrcr Plrnots

The Honourable Elizabeth Dowdeswell, OC, OOnt

Lieulenmt Govemor of OntorioThe Honourable Kathleen Wyme, MPP

Premter of OntarioGeneral Jonathan Vance, CMM, MSC, CD

Chief of Defence SnfHis Worship, John Tory

Mayor ofToronto

Orrrcnns & Drnrcrons

HCol Gilbert W. Taylor President

LCdr,Dr. Mrchael J. Hoare, CD First Mce hesidentCol W Allan Methven, CD-Second Vice President

LCol Donald R. Fisher, CD DirectorBGen Paul A. Hayes, OMM, CD Director

Capt Stewart C. Kellock, MOM, OSIJ, CD-DirectorLCol C. Edwud Ralment, CD DirectorCapt Rodney W J. Seyffert, CD Director

Capt John E. Thompson. CD Director

Psr Pnestorr t

LCol Jmes R. Breithaupt, KSIJ, CD, QC

Holon-lrues

Col (retd) john Clury, MBE, ED, CD, QCHonorary Presidtnt

HLGen Richud Rohmer, OC, CMM, DFC, O.Ont,KStl, OL, kgion d'Honneur, QC

Honorary Wce PresidatLCoi (retd) Bruce \9'. Savage, CD

Honorary CrratorDr. J. L. Grmatstein, OC, FRSC

Dr. Desmond Monon, OCHonorary HisuiansMr. Arrhur MavellHonorary Libraian

LCol J. Roy Veir , CD, AdeC, QCHonorary Solicitor

HoI*on*t Cn*rss

Maj The Rw Gillim Federico, CDLCdr The Rw J. David MulhollandCapr The Ro Muk L. Sugent, CD

Gnoal*laugaMr Michael T. Jones

Chair, Swity Sndia/Editot, SitepCol (rerd) Chris Codgan CD, MA

Yice- Chaht Se runt7 Studia/Edita, tVnbm' NrusMx Eic S. Mone

Al Orncm Pmuc{ro\ oF GERovc *tueorrr Mtrrt{Rr L\sI[ r

426 UnivmityAmw,Toronto, Ontaio. -\1iG 159

Tel: 4 I 6-597 -0286/ 1 -800-58i- I 0-2 7* 41 G i97 -69 19

\Vebsite: wu:rcni.o:EEditorial E-Mail: ccorigd i @o3@-ca

2 RCMI Security Studies Conference

Conference Programme

0830-09f 5: Registration

0915: Welcome z Gilbert Taylor' President of RCMI

0g20: Introductory Remarks: col (ret'd) chris corrigan, conference chair

0930-1100: panel l: What Rough Beast? The Expanding Threat Environment

Around the world, emerging political and urban environments have made terrorism and organized crime much

more common_and more lethal. yet many canadians persist in tending to think of terrorism as an exotic problem

for somebody else; how iong before we are finally disabused of this notion?

Moderator: CaPt Stewart Kellock

o ..Motive, Method, and opportunity A-Plenty: Instability and unstable Societies": Andy Ellis

o ..Far beyond ,n. r.rri*r, iso y"u* of Terrorism in canada'1 John Thompson

. "The DaY the Jihad Came": Alan Bell

1100-1115: Coffee

Itl5-1245: Panel2: Reviewing our Defences

So far, it seems serf_evident that canada,s post-g/11 defences against major terrorir"t incidents have been adequate'

Howefficientareourdefencesandpreparations?Aretheyover-strained?whatdowestillneedtodo?

Moderator: The Hon' Ron AtkeY

o "Early Warning: Integrating our lntelligenc€': Chr-is Lewis

o "Integrated Responselt Meihing the First Responders": Steve Day

o "Prep-aring for the Day"' Can we do More?": Carmine Marcello

1245-1400: Networking Lunch

1400-1530: Panel3: Do We Learn from the Day After?

The deadry paradigm in counter-terrorism might be that success leads to compracency' which leads to vulnerability;

is this true in canada? Have our police "rra

sJ.ority agencies been learning from experience? Has our legal system?

But what of our news media' to say nothing of the proponents of terror?

Moderator: StewartBell

o ..Integrated Investigations and_Pro_secutions: what works, what doesn't?": Calvin Barry

. 'What Does the Media Learn?": Colin Freeze

o "societal Impacts": Prof Vnonica Kitchen

1530: Summary: Col (ret'd) Chris Corrigan

APRIL 27, 2016 3

Conference Participants

PaNn ONr: Wnlr Roucn Bn,c'srt THE ExpaNorNcTrrnnlt EnvrnoNivrnut

MoleReton: CePr StBwent C. Ksnocr,DIRncron, RCMI

'Sru' Kerrocx retired from Toronto Police Services as the

most decorated member of the Service and first non-senior

officer to be invested into the Order of Meritby the Governor General. He was TPS's firstInternational Police Operations Co-coordinatorand its first Ceremonial Sergeant Major.

He has extensive experience in general

policing and public order duties; tactical team

operations and major crime investigations, and

has spent considerable time on the faculty of the Toronto Po-

lice College. He was one of the first members of the Toronto

Police Service to participate in international policing duties

with the UN. In Kosovo he commanded the Regional Seri-

ous Crime Squad with fifty international investigators from

August 2000 to fune 2001. He personally led the investigation

and prosecution that resulted in the first conviction in the

International Court for terrorism and organized crime inthe Balkans..

He was the first international police officer to embed

in the Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism Divisions of New

York City Police Department following the events of Septem-

ber I l, 2001. During his tenure, he developed initiatives that

continue in the fields of terrorist recruitment' financing and

counter-terrorism training.As a Reserve Army Officer he has completed many oP-

erational tours, including Afghanistan where he commanded

a deployed Military Police Unit. He now serves as the Reserve

Advisor to the Army Provost Marshal at NDHQ. He was recog-

nized with a Commander ofthe Land StaffCommendation for

his leadership in personally overseeing over forty repatriations

of fallen soldiers and police officers on overseas missions. He

was awarded a Canada Command Commendation for his

role as lead planner for the Canadian Forces during the G20

meetings. Most recently he was the lead coordinator for all

spectator emergency medical response for all venues for the

Pan Am and Para Pan Am Games in Toronto.

He is a regular media commentator on military, intelli-

gence, terrorism, security and ceremonial affairs. *

Pelleusts:

AreN Bprl, PnE,stoeNr, GrosB Rtsx INrpnNerroxer, Iuc.

AreN W. BEn is the president of Globe Risk International

Inc., and an expert in international counter-terrorism. His

4 RCMI Security Studies Conference

distinguished career includes more tha n 22 yearc ofspecialized

military experience related to global security issues. Mr. Bell

has trained close protection (bodyguard) teams

for many global VIP's, and has been involved

in counter-terrorist operations throughout the

world.As president of Globe Risk International

Inc., Mr. Bell is responsible for developing

and directing the firm's subsidiary companies.

Globe Risk International Inc., specializes in integrating crisis

management and security programs, which are designed to

prevent, minimize, and pro-actively prepare individuals and

companies for crisis/security related risks.

A graduate of HMS Ganges Engineering College in En-

gland, Mr. Bell joined the British Royal Navy in 1964. From

1967-1977,he served in the British Royal Marine Comman-

dos where he was deployed undercover for two years withan anti-terrorist unit. In 1978, he was recruited to become

a member of Britain's Special Air Service (SAS); the world's

most elite armed forces unit. His duties included protecting

the British Royal family and former Prime Minister Margaret

Thatcher. Additionally, while a member of the SAS, Mr. Bell

was sent to South and Central America where he was assigned

to protect government officials as well as Pope fohn Paul II.

He has also trained close protection teams, counter-terrorist

teams, and Special Forces units worldwide.In 1989, Mr. Bell joined one of Canada's largest private

security organizations, as the firm's Corporate Resources

Group Director. There, he counseled clients in counter-ter-

rorism tactics, negotiation of hostage situations' crisis man-

agement, VlPiexecutive protection, corporate investigations

and security due-diligence audits.

Since forming Globe Risk International Inc., Mr. Bell

personally directs the delivery of all corporate level consult-

ing services. He prepares and develops crisis management

plans and provides security consulting to a broad base ofclients including major crown corporations and agencies,

international governments, natural resource and exploration

companies, insurance companies, telecommunication firms'

food manufacturers, television networks, chemical compa-

nies, and shopping centres. Additionally, he counsels clients

in Threat, Risk, Vulnerability Assessments, and kidnap and

ransom support and training, commercial, residential and

personal risk assessments, VlP/executive protection, indus-

trial dispute management, counter-terrorism programs, and

specialized training.Currently, Mr. Bell serves as a consultant to a large

number of international corporations and agencies. Globe

Risk International Inc., has supplied security support to

II

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business operations in such diverse areas as Saudi Arabia,Iraq, Yemen, State of Qatar, Afghanistan, Kuwait, United ArabEmirates, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Algeria, Ivory Coast,

Sudan, The Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic ofthe Congo, Angola, South Africa, Kenya, Mexico, Ecuador,Peru, Uruguay, Colombia, Chile, Brazll, Argentina, Guyana,Trinidad and Tob ago, Jamaica, Panama, Thailand, Philippines,China, Greece, Luxembourg, Germany, Australia, Russia, U.S.

and Canada. *

ANoy Enrs, FoRMER AssrsrexrDrnncron op OpnnarroNs (ADO), CSIS

ANoy Ents was the Assistant Director, Operations (ADO)of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). TheADO is responsible for overseeing all national operational

programs at CSIS.

Mr. Ellis had been employed withCSIS from 1986 until his retirement in2016. From 1986 to 2005, Mr. Ellis workedin a variety of operational areas with a

specific focus on the Middle East andIslamist extremism. From 2004 to 2009,

Mr Ellis was operational Deputy DirectorGeneral, and the Director General, ofthe CSIS regional officein Toronto.

From 2009 to 2010, Mr. Ellis was the AD responsible forthe CSIS Business Modernization Project which has led to anumber of business process improvements across the Service.From 2010 to 2013, Mr. Ellis was the Assistant Director, Policyand Strategic Partnerships (ADP). The ADP supports theDirector and, through him, the Minister, in terms of theiraccountability for the overall management, direction andcontrol of CSIS.

Mr. Ellis holds a Hon. BA degree in Political Science,and pursued a graduate program in Islamic studies. He is agraduate of Carleton University in Ottawa and the Universityof Toronto. He served as an infantry officer in the CanadianArmed Forces and is the father of two daughters. *

Canr (nEr'o) jouN TuoupsoN, PenrxrR, SrnareclcCeprter INtprucBuce Gnoup. DrRrcron. RCMI

JouN TuoupsoN served for l3 years as a Reservist, spent fiveyears with the Canadian Institute of Strategic

Studies and ran the Mackenzie Institute forover 20 years; emerging as one of Canada's

most prolific writers and commentators onorganized violence and political instability.Currently he is with Strategic Capital Intel-ligence Group and is heavily involved withthe RCMI. *

PaNnr Two: AnE ouR pREpARATroNs ro IREVENT,MrrrcATE AND RECovER FRoM NlruRnl, Huu.lN lxo

Tecrrnor.ocrcAr- DrsnuprroNs ADEeUATE?

MooEneroR: THe How. RoN Arxpl FoRMER CsarR,SBcuRrry eNo INrsrrrcENCE Rnvrew CouurrrEr (SIRC)

Wurrp TEAcHTNG FULL-TrME at Osgoode Hall, Ron Atkeywas elected in 1972 as Progressive Conservative Member of

Parliament for St. Paul's in Toronto. In 1972-74 he was appointed by Hon. Robert Stanfieldas Opposition critic for Corporate Affairs andthe Competition Act. He was appointed byPrime Minister Toe Clark as federal Minister ofEmployment & Immigration in 1979-80 withresponsibilities for the Indochinese refugee

movement. He was appointed by Prime Minister Mulroney as

the first Chair of the Security Intelligence Review Committee(SIRC) established under the Canadian Security IntelligenceService Act in 1984 to review CSIS and to adjudicate securitycomplaints. Since completing that work, he has served as

amicus curiae to the Arar Commission of Inquiry and onseveral Federal Court anti-terrorism matters, and acts as one

of several Special Advocates appointed by the federal Ministerof Justice under immigration security certificate cases inCanada. He currently holds a Top Secret security clearance.

He currently teaches National Security Law at OsgoodeHall Law School (York University), and Ryerson University(both in Toronto). In ]une, 2012,he received from Osgoodethe Award for Teaching Excellence among Adjunct Professors.A similar award was granted at Western Law in 2010.

He has published many articles on protecting humanrights, national security, business law, corporate governance,

Canada/US relations, regulatory matters and the CanadianCharter of fughts and Freedoms. *

PeNsusrs:

LCor (nEr'o) Srnvn Dev,FoRMER CorvlueNuNc OprrcpR, JTFz

Srsvr Dey is the founder and president of Reticle, a be-spoke security services integrator and consultancy. He ispassionate about Public Safety and National Security issues

and remains committed to supporting themen and women who protect our way of llfe.He retired from the Canadian Forces in March2Ol4after20years ofservice as a Special Oper-ations Assaulter Officer and Army Combat En-gineer. During his military career he deployedon operations that spanned the entire spectrum

of conflict conducting joint, combined, and interagency op-erations encompassing Humanitarian Relief and Disaster Re-covery; through UN Chapter 7, Non-Combatant Evacuationand Counter-Insurgency missions; as well as domestic and

APRIL 27, 2016 5

CHRts Lnwls, ConutsstoNEn (nrr'n), OPP

Curus D. Lswts became Commissioner of the Ontario Pro-

vincial Police (OPP) on August 1,2010 assuming leadership

of one of North America's largest deployed

international Counter-Terrorism operations' He has extensive

experience as a tactical commander and has served as a senior

staffofficerinbothnationalandinternationalheadquarters.Steve commanded Joint Task Force TWo from2009 -201 1 ' He was

the National Counter-Terrorism Thsk Force Commander for the

Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games andthe 2010 G8/G20 Summits'

He holds a Bachelor of Engineering Degree, a Master of De-

fence Studies and a Master of Strategic Studies' *

He led a decade-long effort to consolidate Hydro One's

enterprise systems, drawing together asset management'

supply chain, finance and business intelligence into an inte-

grated system.- His work to transform the business upon the de-merger

of Hydro One included the development, construction and

implementation of the Ontario Grid Control Centre' The Cen-

tre opened in2}04and was a North American first' drawing

together complete transmission control in a single geographic

point, operating the grid for a service territory that stretches

L+0,O0orqrrare kilometres and reducing costs for rate Payers'

Carmine is widely regarded as an industry expert and has

served as a North American Electric Reliability Corporation

(NERC) Member Representatives Committee (MRC) and in

201 1 , was elected to the North American Transmission Forum

Board of Directors for a two-year term' He is a past Chair of

the Canadian Electricity Association Transmission Council'

He has played prominent roles on issues such as cyber security'

technoiogy and grid security with U'S'-based North Amer-

ican Eleciiicity Reliability Corporation, the Edison Electric

InstituteandtheCanadianCouncilofChiefExecutives.*

Parqnr Tnnnr. Do Wn LnAnr'{ FRoM rHn Dlv Arrnn?

MoopRetoR: SrsweRt Bnrr, SnNton RPpoRteR'

TuB NerroNeL Posr

Sra,wenr Bnrl is an award-winning Canadian journalist' He

is the author of three non-fiction books, Bayou of Pigs' The

After joining the OPP in 1978' Com-

missioner Lewis amassed a wealth of operational policing

experience, particularly in front-line service delivery' various

investigative disciplines and tactical operations' From 2007

until his appointment as Commissioner' Lewis served as

Deputy Commissioner of Field Operations'

iommissioner Lewis, Commander of the Order of Merit

of the Police Forces, is also a graduate of the FBI's National

Academy Program and their National Executive Institute' He

remains a strong advocate for community-based initiatives'

including Special Olympics and St' John's Ambulance'

He reiired from the OPP on March 3lst' 2014' but

continues to lecture on leadership and policing issues' across

North America. He has authored numerous articles and re-

cently finished writing a book on leadership, entitled: Never

Stop on a Hill, which he hopes to have published in 2016' He

is clrrently the Public Safety Analyst for the CTV Television

Network, appearing regularly in local and national news

stories.You can see more of his work on his company website:

w w w.lighth ou s ele a der ship s er v i c e s' c o m *

CeRlnNs MeRcrtlo, FoRMER PRBstoBNt eNo CEO

Hvono ONs INc.

CeRutNE Mencnrro served as President & CEO of Hydro

One Inc. from ]anuar y 1,2013 to September 2015' In that role

3 through a critical period in Hydro One's history'

police services. As Commissioner' he oversaw

front-line policing, traffic and marine opera-

tions, emergency response and specialized and

multi-jurisdictional investi gations throughout

the Province of Ontario, delivered through over

9,000 OPP personnel.

he prepared the company for its transition to

privatization and successfully re-started Hydro

brre', -..gers and acquisitions program and

helped shape provincial policy on consolidation

in Ontario's fragmented distribution sector'

His 28-year career at Ontario Hydro and

Hydro One, is marked by his engagement in

strategic initiative undertaken in the last two

Martyr's Oath and Cold Terror, a national

bestseller. He has reported from Africa,

the Middle East, South and Southeast

Asia, Central Asia, Europe and the Bal-

kans. His magazine article about child

7 3 soldiers in West Africa, "Guerrilla Girlsl'

. ., was awarded the Amnesty International

orize. "The Terrorist Next Doorl'his magazine article about

the Algerian terrorist known as the Millennium Bomber' was

a finalist for the National M agazineAwards and was made into

a CTV television movie. In 2009, Stewart won a South Asian

Tournalists Association Award for his writing about the civil

war in Sri Lanka.Stewart's writing about terrorism issues for the National

Post newspaper, wheie he is a Senior Reporter' was awarded a

Citation oiMerit from the National Newspaper Awards' His

work has also appeared in Time, Reader's Digest' Maclean's'

Books in Canada, Actualit6, SaturdayNight and Homemakers'

He contributes occasionally to the Global National newscast

and co-wrote the Global Television documentary "Know Your

Enemyi'whichwontheRTNDAawardforlnvestigative}our-nalism.InTheOsamabinLadenIKnow,CNN'SPeterBergencalls Stewart "Canada's foremost reporter on terrorism" '" He

holds a Master of fournalism from Carleton University and

a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the university of

British Columbia. He lives in Toronto, Canada' *subsequentlYevery majordecades.

6 RCMI Security Studies Conference

PeNsrtsts:

Carvn BeRnt FoRMER CRowr.r pRosECUToR

Carvru Benny has an extensive background in Criminallaw built on a foundation of over sixteen years working as a

Senior Crown Attorney. He appeared as a Crim-inal Prosecutor at all levels of Trial Court andprosecuted many high-profile cases, includingmore than sixty jury trials. He has practiced inthe area of Criminal Law and Regulatory Of-fences since October of 2004.and has more thantwenty-five years experience in the profession. *

CouN Fnnezn, NeuoNar Sncunrry REpoRTER,

THe Gloee eNo Merl

CorrN FRnnzB has been a reporter at The Globe and Mailsince the year 2000. He has reported on national security

issues for much of this time, both as a beat andan investigative reporter. He has covered allmanner of terrorism-related proceedings inCanada, including Federal Court security-cer-tificate proceedings, the judicial commissionsof inquiry into CSIS/RCMP of the 2000s, andcriminal trials including the Toronto 18 inves-

tigation. In recent years he has reported on the growth ofCommunications Security Establishment Canada and someof the Edward Snowden leaks pertaining to Canada.In2Ol,4,his journalism was recognized bythe Canadian Civil LibertiesAssociation. *

Pnop VnnoNrce Krrcnpu, Assocrern PnopnssoR opPorrtrcar ScrEucE, UNrvsnsrry op Werpnroo/BersrruEScsoor op INTERNITToNAL AprerRs

VpnoNrca M. KrrcuBN researches the global governanceof domestic security, focusing on urban securify and count-

er-terrorism, securitybureaucracies, the ethicsof security, and mega-event security.

Her main research project concernscounter-terrorism institutions which integrateprofessionals across levels of government andbetween various parts of the security field(police, military, intelligence, and planning) in

Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Togetherwith Dr. Kim Rygiel at Wilfrid Laurier University, she is alsostudying the securitization of policing in Canada.

She has also done extensive research on questions ofidentity and security in the context of North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NATO) and Canadian-American relations.Her recent publications include The Globalization of NATO:Intervention, Security, and ldentity (Routledge, 2010); "NA-TO's Out-of-Area Norm from Suez to Afghanistan' Journalof Transatlantic Studies 8 (2) (2010); "Canada (En)CountersTerrorism: US-Canada Relations and Counter-Terrorism Poli-cy" Terrorism & Political Violence 2l(l),2009 (with KarthikaSasikumar); 'Argument and Identity Change in the AtlanticSecurity Community" Security Dialogue 40(1) February2009; and "Canada-Germany Relations: Essays in Honour ofRobert Spencer" Guest editor with Petra Dolata-Kreutzkamp,International Journal 63(3), Summer 2008.*

Members of the Conference Committee

LCdr/Dr. Michael |. Hoare, CD-First Vice President, RCMI / Col (ret'd) Chris Corrigan-Chair, Security Studies,RCMI / Capt Stewart C. Kellock-Director, RCMI / Eric S. Morse-Co-Chair, Security Studies, RCMI

Capt (ret'd) John C. Thompson-Directo6 RCMI

With gratitude for support from the RCMI Office Events Team:Susan Cook-Membership Services, Natalie DiGiovanni-Catering Manager

Kathryn Eley-Director of Operations & Communications

And with special acknowledgement and thanks to Reserves 2000 for their assistance,and to the NATO Association of Canada and their Class of 2016 interns Aleksi Korpela and Khalid Mahdi.

The proceedings of this conference are being videotaped and photographeil for electronic and print reproduction. Bybeing present at this establkhment you acknowledge and agree that your image and/or likeness may be filmed and/or

photographed and that you consent to the use of your neme, photograph or imagefor any purpose whatsoever and in-demnify, release and discharge the Royal Canadian Military Institute from and against all claims, demands or causes

that you may now or hereafter have for libel, defamation, invasion of privacy or right of publicity.

The views expressed are those of the presenters and do not necessarily reflectthe views of the Royal Canadian Military Institute or its members.

APRTL 27. 2016 7

FouNorn 1890

Trrn Rovar Caxaorax Mrrrreny Ixsrrrurn,

Our Mission

The Institute is an independent members' organizationwhich provides aforum to promote education on defence, se-

curity andforeign afairs in a unique collegial environment.

Our Vision

The Institute will be recognized as the pre-eminent Canadian

forum for discussion, research and education on defence,

security and foreign ffiirs.

Royal Canadian Military Institute426lJniversify Ave

Toronto ON M5G 1S9

Tel: 4 1 6-5 97 -0286 I r-800-585- I 072Fax: 416-597 -6919

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