Cell parts (organelle and plasma membrane)

Rayna Higuchi, Alexa Hozouri, Audrey Elloitt, Kevin Ding, Yusuke Tsutsuzaki

Period 1

Cell Membrane and Cell WallCell Membrane

Regulates passage in and out of cells.

In both plant and animal cells.

Cell WallRigid structureLocated outside of

the plasma membrane

Only in plant cellsProvides support

and protection

Nucleus and Nucleolus

NucleusInformation and

administrative center

NucleolusOrganelle in eukaryotic

cell nucleus Produces ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum and RibosomesEndoplasmic reticulumModifies proteins and

lipidsSmooth has no

ribosomes, rough has ribosomes attached

RibosomesProtein production sites

Cytoplasm and VacuoleCytoplasmClear, gelatinous fluidSuspends the cells

organelles

VacuoleMembrane-bound, fluid-

filled space in the cytoplasm

For temporary storage of materials

Mitochondria and ChloroplastMitochondriaPower generator for the

cell

ChloroplastCaptures light energy

from the sun and converts it into chemical energy

Only in plant cells

Golgi apparatus and CytoskeletonGolgi apparatusThe distribution and

shipping department for the cells chemical products

CytoskeletonCellular framework

found within the cytoplasm

Composed of microtubules and microfilaments

LysosomeOrganelle that contains digestive enzymesDigests excess or worn out organelles, food

particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria

Viruses Basic Structure

Contains general informationNOT livingMay have external structures and a membrane

Diagram

Examples: Hepatitis B, HIV, Measles, Mumps, Rabies, Ebola, Influenza

Prokaryotic cells vs. Eukaryotic cellsProkaryoticBasic Structure

Surrounded by a membrane and cell wall

Does not have membrane enclosed organelles(except ribosomes)

Examples: Blue-green algae, bacteria (E.coli, Salmonella)

EukaryoticBasic Structure

Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Presence of characteristic

membrane enclosed organelles

Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, protists

Plasma MembraneCharacteristics

Maintains homeostasis (balance with environment)Selective permeability- allows some molecules into the

cell while keeping others outStructure

Phospholipids Lipids with a phosphate group attached

Carrier Proteins Allows larger substances to move through the

plasma membraneCholesterol molecule

Helps stabilize the phospholipids Prevents fatty acid chains of the

phospholipids from sticking together

1. What is the function of the vacuole?a. It produces and

modifies proteinsb. Serves as an

information and administrative center for the cell

c. Temporarily stores materials for the cell

d. Captures light energy from the sun to convert into chemical energy

2. Nucleolus= organelle in cells that produces

a. prokaryotic, DNAb. Prokaryotic, ribosomesc. Eukaryotic, ribosomesd. Eukaryotic, DNA

3. What is the definition of a ribosome?a. Protein production

siteb. Organelle that

contains digestive enzymes and digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses/ bacteria

c. Protein and lipid modifier

d. The distribution and shipping department for the cell’s chemical products

4. The , located just inside the , regulates the passage in and out of

cells

a.The cytoplasm, located just inside the plasma membrane, regulates the passage in and out of cells

b.The plasma membrane, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates the passage in and out of cells

c.The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall, regulates the passage in and out of cells

d.The cell wall, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates the passage in and out of cells

5. Which of these is an example of a virus?

a.HIVb.Ecolic.Salmonellad.Bacteria

6. Which of these is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

a.Has a plasma membrane and a cell wallb.Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed

organelles c.DNA not contained in a nucleusd.Has ribosomes

7. What is the plasma membrane made of?a. The plasma membrane contains carrier proteins,

cholesterol molecules, and microtubules. b. The plasma membrane contains flagellum, phospholipids,

and carrier proteinsc. The plasma membrane contains cholesterol molecules,

lysotubules, and phospholipidsd. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids, cholesterol

molecules, and carrier proteins

8. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids (contained within the plasma membrane):1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together

a. 1b. 2c. 3d. Both 1 and 2e. Both 1 and 3f. Both 2 and 3

9. Which of these correctly labels the diagram of a prokaryotic cell?

a. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell membrane; 3. cell wall, 4. endoplasmic reticulum

b. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella

c. 1. lysosome; 2. cell membrane; 3. cell wall; 4. golgi apparatus

d. 1. lysosome; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella

1.

4.

2.

3.

10. What does a chloroplast do?A. power generator for the cellB. captures light energy and converts it to

chemical energyC. uses energy from the sun to create other

organellesD. digests other old or worn out organelles to

make energy

Answer to questions 1 and 2:1. What is the

function of the vacuole?

c. Temporarily stores materials for the cell

2. Nucleolus= organelle in

cells that produces

c. Eukaryotic, ribosomes

Answers to questions 3 and 4:3. What is the

definition of a ribosome?

a. Protein production site

4. The , located just inside the , regulates the passage in and out of cells

c. The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall, regulates the passage in and out of cells

Answers to questions 5 and 6:5. Which of these is

an example of a virus?

a. HIV(the rest are all bacteria)

6. Which of these is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

b. Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles

Answer to question 7:7. What is the plasma membrane made of?d. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids,

cholesterol molecules, and carrier proteins (PS: for anyone who chose answer c, lysotubules don’t

exist)

Answer to question 8:7. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids

(contained within the plasma membrane):1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together

a.1(they have polar, hydrophilic heads and non- polar, hydrophobic tails. Cholesterol molecules prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together and stabilize them)

Answer to question 9:9. Which of these correctly labels the

diagram of a prokaryotic cell?1.

4.

2.

3.

a. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella

Answer to question 10:10. What does a chloroplast do?

B. captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy