raptors conservation 5/2006

Raptors�Conservation

ПЕРНАТЫЕ�ХИЩНИКИ�И�ИХ�ОХРАНА

2006�№5

Ðàáî÷èé áþëëåòåíü î ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêàõ Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé ÀçèèThe Newsletter of the raptors of the East Europe and North Asia

Áþëëåòåíü «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðà-íà» ó÷ðåæäåí ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé áëàãîòâî-ðèòåëüíîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé«Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» (Íîâî-ñèáèðñê) è íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé îá-ùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Öåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé» (Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä).

Ðåäàêòîðû íîìåðà:Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî è Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí

Ýòîò âûïóñê ãîòîâèëè:Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî (Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè-÷åñêèé öåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ),Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí (Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäî-âàíèé, Í.Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ), Åâãåíèé Ïî-òàïîâ (Èññëåäîâàíèå Ïðèðîäû, Øîòëàí-äèÿ, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ), Íèêîëàé Ïîòàïîâ(Íåâåð Ëèìèòåä, Õàâåðòîóí, ÑØÀ), ÀííàØåñòàêîâà (Íèæåãîðîäñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåí-íûé óíèâåðñèòåò, Í.Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ).

Ôîòîãðàôèÿ íà ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå îáëîæ-êè: ðûáíûé ôèëèí (Ketupa blakistoni),Àìóðñêàÿ îáëàñòü, áàññåéí ð. Ñåëåìäæà,Íîðñêèé çàïîâåäíèê, ìàðò 2004 ã. ÔîòîÑ. Àâäåþêà

Â èëëþñòðàöèè çàäíåé ñòîðîíû îáëîæêèèñïîëüçîâàíû ôîòîãðàôèè È. Êàðÿêèíà,Å. Êîðøóíîâîé, Å. Ïîòàïîâà

Äèçàéí: Ä. Ñåíîòðóñîâ, À. Êëåù¸âÂåðñòêà: À. Êëåù¸âÊîððåêòóðà: Å. Êëåù¸âà

The Raptors Conservation Newsletter hasbeen founded by the non-governmental or-ganisations Siberian Environmental Center(Novosibirsk) and Center of Field Studies(Nizhniy Novgorod).

Editors:Elvira Nikolenko and Igor Karyakin

This issue has made by:Elvira Nikolenko (Siberian EnvironmentalCenter, Novosibirsk, Russia), Igor Karyakin(Center of Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Rus-sia), Eugene Potapov (Natural Research,Scotland, UK), Nikolay Potapov (Never Ltd,Havertown, USA), Anna Shestakova (StateUniversity, N.Novgorod, Russia).

Photo on the front cover: the Blakiston’sFish Owl (Ketupa blakistoni), Amur district,Selemdzha river, Norskiy State Nature Re-serve, March 2004. Photo by S. Avdeyuk

Photos on the back cover by I. Karyakin,E. Korshunova and E. Potapov

Design by D. Senotrusov, A. KleschevPage-proofs by A. KleschevProof-reader: E. Klescheva

Ýëåêòðîííàÿ âåðñèÿ/RC online

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC

ISSN 1814–0076

Tel./Fax: (383) 339 78 85

E-mail: [email protected][email protected]@ecoclub.nsu.ru

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors

Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè:

630090 Ðîññèÿ,Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547

Editorial adress:

P.O. Box 547, Novosibirsk,Russia, 630090

Ïðàâèëà äëÿ àâòîðîâ äîñòóïíû íà ñàéòå:

Guidelines for Contributors available on website:

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC/guidelines/

Äîðîãèå êîëëåãè!

Âû ÷èòàåòå 5-é þáèëåéíûé íîìåð áþë-ëåòåíÿ «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà». Âýòîì ãîäó áþëëåòåíþ èñïîëíèëñÿ ãîä. Ñðîêíåáîëüøîé, îäíàêî, ýòî óæå ïîâîä äëÿ ïîä-âåäåíèÿ ïåðâûõ èòîãîâ.

Â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ðàäóåò òî, ÷òî, íåñìîò-ðÿ íà ïîëíóþ íåîïðåäåëåííîñòü â ïåðñ-ïåêòèâàõ ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ èçäàíèÿ, âñ¸-òàêèóäàëîñü íàéòè ñðåäñòâà íà âñå çàïëàíèðî-âàííûå íîìåðà. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ áþë-ëåòåíü ÿâëÿåòñÿ áåñïëàòíûì, è ïîëó÷àòåëèáóìàæíîé âåðñèè îïëà÷èâàþò ëèøü ïî÷òî-âûå ðàñõîäû. Ìû íàäååìñÿ, ÷òî è â äàëü-íåéøåì óäàñòñÿ ïðèâëåêàòü áëàãîòâîðè-òåëüíûå ñðåäñòâà íà èçäàíèå, è áþëëåòåíüíå ïåðåéäåò íà êîììåð÷åñêóþ ïîäïèñêó,à â ïåðñïåêòèâå è ðàññûëêà áóäåò îïëà÷è-âàòüñÿ èç áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ.

Çà ãîä áþëëåòåíü âûðîñ â òèðàæå ñ 900äî 1400 ýêç., à ðàññûëêà óâåëè÷èëàñü ñ 400äî 1100 àäðåñîâ. Ê êîíöó ãîäà áûëà ñôîð-ìèðîâàíà ðåäêîëëåãèÿ, â êîòîðóþ âîøëèó÷¸íûå è îáùåñòâåííûå äåÿòåëè, çàíèìà-þùèåñÿ èçó÷åíèåì è îõðàíîé õèùíûõïòèö è ñîâ, èç Ðîññèè, Êàçàõñòàíà, Óçáå-êèñòàíà è ÑØÀ. Ìàòåðèàëû ÷åòâ¸ðòîãî èïÿòîãî íîìåðà áþëëåòåíÿ ãîòîâèëèñü ñè-ëàìè ðåäêîëëåãèè. Áþëëåòåíü ñòàë íàñòî-ÿùèì ðåôåðèðóåìûì íàó÷íûì èçäàíèåì,âêëþ÷åí â áàçó Zoological Record1, ïðåä-

Dear colleagues!

This is the fifth issue of the newsletter «Rap-tors Conservation». This year our newsletteris one year old. It is a very small age, but wecan sum up the first results.

In spite of some uncertainty of financingto publish the newsletter, we have managedto publish all of the scheduled issues. Todaythe newsletter is free, and recipients of pa-per copies only pay postal expenses. We hopeto raise some funds from charities for furtherfunding of the publication, so that we willbe able to subsidize subscribers in Russia.

During the last year the number of sub-scribers has increased from 900 to 1400, andthe number of listed addresses has increasedfrom 400 to 1100. By the end of the yearwe formed the editorial board, which nowincludes a wide range of raptor-biologistslocated in Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistanand USA. Not yet announced, the editorialboard has also reviewed the materials of theforth and firth issues of the newsletter so thatwe will be able to make the review processsmooth and efficient. Thus, the newsletterhas become a peer-reviewed publication,probably the first peer-reviewed non-gov-ernmental publication in Russia. It has beenabstracted in the Biosis publications (Biolog-ical Abstracts and of Zoological Record)1, andlisted in the Russian e-library2.

Editors

ОТ�РЕДАКЦИИ

1 http://www.biosis.org2 http://www.elibrary.ru

Ðèñ. 1. Äèíàìèêà çàêà-÷åê on-line âåðñèè áþë-ëåòåíÿ «Ïåðíàòûå õèù-íèêè è èõ îõðàíà»

Fig. 1. Loadings of the on-line Newsletter «RaptorsConservation»

ÑîáûòèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2006, 54

ñòàâëåí â ðîññèéñêîé ýëåêò-ðîííîé áèáëèîòåêå2.

Ïðîøåäøèé ãîä ïîêàçàë, ÷òîáþëëåòåíü âîñòðåáîâàí ñðåäèøèðîêîãî êðóãà ÷èòàòåëåé,ïðè÷¸ì íå òîëüêî ïðîôåññè-îíàëüíûõ îðíèòîëîãîâ, íî èëþáèòåëåé ïòèö. Ñðåäè ïîëó-÷àòåëåé áþëëåòåíÿ – îòäåëü-íûå ñïåöèàëèñòû è íàó÷íûåó÷ðåæäåíèÿ, êàê â Ðîññèè, òàêè çà ðóáåæîì, çàïîâåäíèêè èíàöèîíàëüíûå ïàðêè, ãîñó-äàðñòâåííûå âåäîìñòâà. Óæå ê âûõîäóâòîðîãî íîìåðà ó ýëåêòðîííîé âåðñèèáþëëåòåíÿ ñôîðìèðîâàëàñü ïîñòîÿííàÿ÷èòàòåëüñêàÿ àóäèòîðèÿ, ñîñòîÿùàÿ áîëü-øåé ÷àñòüþ èç ñïåöèàëèñòîâ-îðíèòîëîãîâ.Ïîñëå âûõîäà â ñâåò êàæäîãî íîâîãî íî-ìåðà êîëè÷åñòâî åãî çàêà÷åê â òå÷åíèåìåñÿöà äîñòèãàåò 1200 ýêç. Ïî ñîñòîÿíèþíà êîíåö ÿíâàðÿ 2006 ã. ñ ñàéòà «Ïåðíàòûåõèùíèêè Ðîññèè»3 ñêà÷àíî áîëåå 10 òûñ.ýêçåìïëÿðîâ âñåõ íîìåðîâ áþëëåòåíÿ, èçêîòîðûõ äîìèíèðóåò 2-é íîìåð (3819 çà-êà÷åê) (ðèñ. 1). Ñðåäè ïåðâûõ ïîñåòèòåëåéon-line âåðñèè æóðíàëà îêîëî 3% ÷èòà-òåëåé ñêà÷èâàëè îòäåëüíûå ñòàòüè, íàðÿ-äó ñ êîòîðûìè âûñîêàÿ äîëÿ çàêà÷åê ïðè-õîäèòñÿ íà ðàçäåë «Ñîáûòèÿ» (ðèñ. 2).Îäíàêî 4 è 5-é íîìåðà ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñåïîñåòèòåëè ñàéòà ñòàðàëèñü çàêà÷èâàòü ïîë-íîñòüþ, è ÷èñëî òåõ, êòî ñêà÷èâàë îòäåëü-íûå ñòàòüè, ñîêðàòèëîñü äî 1%. Ýòî, âîç-ìîæíî, ãîâîðèò è î òîì, ÷òî èçäàíèåïðåäñòàâëÿåò èíòåðåñ öåëèêîì – íå òîëü-êî êàê ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ ñòàòåé, íî è êàêðàáî÷èé áþëëåòåíü.

Èäåÿ ñîçäàíèÿ áþëëåòåíÿ ñðàçó âêëþ÷à-ëà â ñåáÿ àêöåíò íà ïðèðîäîîõðàííîé òå-

The last year has demonstrated a necessi-ty of such a newsletter for a large number ofreaders. The list of recipients includes re-searchers, ornithologists, and research Insti-tutes and Universities in Russia and othercountries, State Nature Reserves and Nation-al Parks, and Government Authorities. Theon-line version of the newsletter also hasbeen a success. After publishing every newissue the number of unique downloadsreached 1200 per month. At the end of Jan-uary of 2006 from the «Russian Raptors»3 website more than 10 thousand copies of all theissues of the newsletter have been down-loaded, with the 2-d issue as the most pop-ular (3819 downloads). Among first visitorsof the on-line newsletter about 3% of read-ers downloaded only some papers, with thesection «Events» being downloaded mostoften. However the entire 4th and 5th vol-umes were downloaded by the majority ofthe readers, while the number of downloadsof individual sections or papers has de-creased to 1%. It has once again confirmedthat the newsletter is popular not only be-cause it contains few interesting papers, butbecause it is a good read in general., It alsois a confirmation of good work by the edito-rial board.

One of the main ideas of organizing thenewsletter was to draw attention to the na-ture conservation problems in general as wellas to particular actions of raptor conserva-tion and studies of the distribution, numbersand biology of rare species. Exactly thesethemes are dominated in all five publishedissues. From the very beginning we plannedto report examples of attracting birds of preyand owls to artificial nests, cases of bird elec-trocutions on power lines, and regional as-pects of raptor conservation. The large

Ðèñ. 2. Äèíàìèêà çàêà÷åê èçáðàííûõ ñòàòåé on-lineâåðñèè áþëëåòåíÿ «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà»

Fig. 2. Loadings of the several papers of the on-lineNewsletter «Raptors Conservation»

3 http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors

Ðèñ. 3. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåïóáëèêàöèé ïî îñíîâ-íûì íàïðàâëåíèÿì

Fig. 3. Distribution of pa-pers between the mainthemes

Events Raptors Conservation 2006, 5 5

ìàòèêå ìàòåðèàëîâ ñ óïîðîì íà êîíêðåò-íûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî îõðàíå ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ è èçó÷åíèå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ,÷èñëåííîñòè è áèîëîãèè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ.Èìåííî ïîýòîìó ýòè íàïðàâëåíèÿ äîìèíè-ðóþò âî âñåõ ïÿòè âûïóñêàõ (ðèñ. 3). Èçíà-÷àëüíî ïëàíèðîâàëîñü èíôîðìèðîâàòü ÷è-òàòåëåé î ìåðîïðèÿòèÿõ ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþõèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâ íà èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåç-äà, ñîêðàùåíèþ óðîâíÿ ãèáåëè õèùíûõ ïòèöíà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è, òåððèòîðèàëü-íîé îõðàíå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Áîëüøèí-ñòâî ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, çàíèìàþùèõñÿ îõðàíîéõèùíûõ ïòèö â Ðîññèè, îòêëèêíóëèñü íà ïðè-çûâ ðåäàêöèè îïóáëèêîâàòü ðåçóëüòàòû ñâî-èõ ðàáîò, è, áëàãîäàðÿ ýòîìó, óäàëîñü èñ-ïîëíèòü çàäóìàííîå. Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå âæóðíàëå óäåëåíî ïðîáëåìå êîíòðàáàíäûñîêîëîâ è òåìå ÑÈÒÅÑ. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ïîêàýòî îñòà¸òñÿ ëèøü èíôîðìàöèåé ðàçäåëà«Ñîáûòèÿ». Íèêòî èç ñïåöèàëèñòîâ íå èçúÿ-âèë æåëàíèå îçâó÷èòü ïðîáëåìû ïî ýòîéòåìå â âèäå îòäåëüíîé ïóáëèêàöèè.

Ñðåäè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ, èíôîðìàöèÿ î êî-òîðûõ ïðèñóòñòâóåò â ïóáëèêàöèÿõ, àáñî-ëþòíî äîìèíèðóåò áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug)(ðèñ. 4). Îò÷àñòè ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñâûïîëíåíèåì ÷ëåíàìè ðåäàê-öèè òåêóùèõ ïðîåêòîâ ïî ýòî-ìó âèäó, îò÷àñòè – ñ èíòåðåñîìê íåìó â ñâÿçè ñ îñâåùåíèåìïðîáëåì êîíòðàáàíäû ñîêîëîâè âîïðîñîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ. Èìåííî ýòî-ìó ñîêîëó ïîñâÿùåíî áîëüøèí-ñòâî ìîíîâèäîâûõ ñòàòåé êàêíàó÷íîé, òàê è ïðèðîäîîõðàí-íîé òåìàòèêè. Áëàãîäàðÿ êîëëå-ãàì, ðàáîòàþùèì ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî â ñòåïíûõ ðåãèîíàõÐîññèè è Êàçàõñòàíà, â ñòàòüÿõ øèðîêî ïðåä-ñòàâëåíû è òàêèå ðåäêèå âèäû êàê ôèëèí(Bubo bubo), ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis)è áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos). Ê ñîæàëåíèþ,ñîâñåì íå ïðåäñòàâëåíû â áþëëåòåíå ñòàòüèïî ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì òàéãè è òóíäðîâîéçîíû Ðîññèè, è ìû íàäååìñÿ, ÷òî â äàëü-íåéøåì óäàñòñÿ çàïîëíèòü ýòîò ïðîáåë.

Ïðîøåäøèé ãîä áûë îáúÿâëåí Ñîþçîìîõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè ãîäîì ñîâû. Â ïåðâîìíîìåðå ìû èíôîðìèðîâàëè îá ýòîì, à âýòîì íîìåðå ïîäâîäèì èòîãè ðàáîòû íàè-áîëåå àêòèâíûõ ó÷àñòíèêîâ àêöèè «Ñîâà –ïòèöà 2005 ãîäà».

Ìû áëàãîäàðèì âñåõ êîëëåã è äîáðîâîëü-öåâ, êîòîðûå ïèøóò ñòàòüè, àíîíñû, îñó-ùåñòâëÿþò ïåðåâîä è âñåñòîðîííå áåñêî-ðûñòíî ïîìîãàþò â èçäàíèè áþëëåòåíÿ.

Ñ óâàæåíèåì,Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí è Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî

number of ornithologists, who deal with rap-tor conservation in Russia, ask the editors topublish the results of their studies. The prob-lems of falcon smuggling and CITES-relatedissues have their place in the newsletter.Unfortunately this is only information fromthe «Events» section. To the moment nobodywith special knowledge has expressed a willto write a paper about this problem.

Amongst papers on rare species the in-formation on the Saker Falcon (Falco cher-rug) has absolute dominance. It is connect-ed somewhat to the fact that some of themembers of the editorial board have hadprojects on this species, and to some extentto the interest in the species and relatedproblems of falcon smuggling and CITES.Due to the effort by the colleagues workingin the steppe regions of Russia and Kaza-khstan, the newsletter contains papers onthe Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), Steppe Eagle(Aquila nipalensis) and Golden Eagle (Aqui-la chrysaetos). Unfortunately, there is short-age of papers on raptors of the taiga andtundra of Russia. We hope to publish somepapers about this group of raptors in future.

Ðèñ. 4. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå èíôîðìàöèè î âèäàõ âïóáëèêàöèÿõFig. 4. Information of species in papers

Last year the Russian Bird ConservationUnion named the year 2005 as the year ofthe Owl. In this issue we are pleased to pub-lish some results of the action «The Owl –Birds of Russia in 2005».

We thank all our colleagues, who write andtranslate and edit the papers and announce-ments, for their generous help.

With thanksIgor Karyakin and Elvira Nikolenko


Events

СОБЫТИЯ

Áîëãàðñêàÿ Àêàäåìèÿ Íàóê 27 – 28ôåâðàëÿ 2006 ã. îðãàíèçóåò ñåìèíàð ïîòåìå «Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) â Þãî-Âî-ñòî÷íîé Åâðîïå – èññëåäîâàíèå è îõ-ðàíà».

Ñåìèíàð ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòüþ ïðîåêòà ïî áà-ëîáàíó, ðåàëèçóåìîìó â Áîëãàðèè â 2006 ã.Öåëü ñåìèíàðà – îáñóäèòü ïðîáëåìû âèäà âÞãî-Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïå (íàñåëåíèå è ïðè-ðîäîîõðàííûé ñòàòóñ; ïðåäïðèíÿòûå ìåðûîõðàíû; óãðîçû; íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèåìåðîïðèÿòèÿ è ò.ï.). Îñíîâíàÿ èäåÿ ñåìè-íàðà – ñîçäàòü ñåòü ïî èçó÷åíèþ è îõðàíåáàëîáàíà â Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïå. Íàñåìèíàð ïðèãëàøàþòñÿ èññëåäîâàòåëè, êî-òîðûå ìîãóò îðãàíèçîâàòü ðàáîòó ïî èçó-÷åíèþ è îõðàíå áàëîáàíà â Ìîëäàâèè èÓêðàèíå â 2006–2007 ãã. Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿôèíàíñîâàÿ ïîääåðæêà ýòîé ðàáîòû.Îðãàíèçàòîðû ñåìèíàðà âîçìåùàþò ðàñ-õîäû íà ïðîåçä è ïðîæèâàíèå ó÷àñòíèêîâ.Êîíòàêò (1).

24 – 29 èþëÿ 2006 ã. â ïîñ. ØóøåíñêîåÊðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ ïðîéä¸ò ìåæðåãè-îíàëüíàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ «Ðåãèîíàëüíûåïðîáëåìû çàïîâåäíîãî äåëà».

Êîíôåðåíöèþ îðãàíèçóþò Ñàÿíî-Øóøåí-ñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ïðèðîäíûé áèîñôåð-íûé çàïîâåäíèê, Àññîöèàöèÿ çàïîâåäíèêîâè íàöèîíàëüíûõ ïàðêîâ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãîýêîðåãèîíà, Íàöèîíàëüíûé ôîíä «Ñòðàíàçàïîâåäíàÿ», Êðàñíîÿðñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåí-íûé óíèâåðñèòåò.

Â ïðîãðàììå êîíôåðåíöèè ïðåäïîëàãà-åòñÿ îáñóäèòü ñëåäóþùèå âîïðîñû:

1. Èñòîðèÿ è ïåðñïåêòèâû çàïîâåäíîãîäåëà ðåãèîíà. Êîîðäèíàöèÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòèÎÎÏÒ, èõ àññîöèàöèè.

2. Íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ: èõ ýôôåêòèâ-íîñòü, îðãàíèçàöèÿ è ðåçóëüòàòû. Çíà÷åíèåÎÎÏÒ â ñîõðàíåíèè ëàíäøàôòíîãî è áèî-ëîãè÷åñêîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ðåãèîíà.

3. Ìåñòî ÎÎÏÒ â ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè-÷åñêîé ñòðóêòóðå ðåãèîíà, èõ ðîëü â îáåñ-ïå÷åíèè åãî óñòîé÷èâîãî ðàçâèòèÿ.

4. Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêèé áèîñôåðíûé ðå-çåðâàò – åãî ðîëü â ðåãèîíå. Îñîáåííîñòèîïòèìèçàöèè ðåãèîíàëüíîé ñåòè ÎÎÏÒ.Òåîðèÿ è ïðàêòèêà îðãàíèçàöèè áèîñôåð-íûõ ïîëèãîíîâ.

The Bulgarian Academy of Science or-ganizes a workshop on «Saker Falcon (Fal-co cherrug) in Southeast Europe – Re-search and Conservation» in 27 – 28February 2006.

The meeting will be part of the Saker Fal-con Project running in Bulgaria in 2006. Theaim of the seminar is to discus the speciesproblems in SE European region (populationand conservation status; conservation ac-tions undertaken; threats; research actionsput into practice etc.).

Our idea is to develop Southeastern Euro-pean Research/Conservation Saker Network.

We are looking for researchers who are ableto start a Saker conservation and research pro-grams in Moldova and Ukraina in 2006–2007.

Financial support for those efforts could beprovided.

Travel expenses and accommodation forthe workshop in Bulgaria will be covered.Contact (1).

The conference «Regional problems ofNature Reserve management» will held inan town of Shushenskoe (KrasnoyarskiyKray) in 24 – 29 July 2006.

Organizers of conference: the Sayano-Shushenskiy Nature Reserve, Association ofNature Reserves and Nature Parks of the Al-tai-Sayan ecoregion, National Foundation«Country Reserves», Krasnoyarsk State Uni-versity.

The conference will focus on the follow-ing problems:

1. The history and future of Nature Reservemanagement in the region. Coordination ofactivities in the protected areas.

2. Organization, management and effi-ciency of research in Protected Territories.Significance of protected areas for conser-vation of biodiversity in the region.

3. Role of protected areas in economic andsocial structure of the region and their rolein providing for the sustainable develop-ment.

4. Significance of the Sayano-ShushenskiyNature Reserve in the region. Optimizationof the ecological network of protected are-as. Theoretical foundations and practice ofestablishing of protected areas.

(1) Contact:

Dimitar RagyovBulgarian Academyof SciencesCentral Laboratoryof General Ecology2 Yurii Gagarin Str.Sofia 1113 Bulgariamob.: (+359)898585553fax: (+359 2) 870 54 [email protected]@yahoo.com

(2) Êîíòàêò:

Àëåêñàíäð Ñåðãååâè÷ÇîëîòûõÐîññèÿ 662710Êðàñíîÿðñêèé êðàéïîñ. Øóøåíñêîåóë. Çàïîâåäíàÿ 7òåë.: (391 39) 3 14 49ôàêñ: (391 39) 3 23 [email protected]@krasmail.ru

(2) Contact:

Aleksandr S. ZolotychZapovednaya str. 7ShushenskoeKrasnoyarskiy krayRussia 662710tel./fax: (391 39) 3 23 00tel.: (391 39) 3 14 [email protected]@krasmail.ru


2–10 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2006 ã. â ã. Èðêóòñêå (Ðîñ-ñèÿ) áóäåò ïðîõîäèòü ÌåæäóíàðîäíûéÁàéêàëüñêèé ôåñòèâàëü äîêóìåíòàëü-íûõ, íàó÷íî-ïîïóëÿðíûõ è ó÷åáíûõôèëüìîâ «×åëîâåê è ïðèðîäà».

Ôåñòèâàëü ó÷ðåæä¸í Ìèíèñòåðñòâîìêóëüòóðû Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, Ñîþçîìêèíåìàòîãðàôèñòîâ Ðîññèè, àäìèíèñòðà-öèåé Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè, Âîñòî÷íî-Ñèáèð-ñêèì îòäåëåíèåì ÑÊ Ðîññèè.

Çàäà÷àìè ôåñòèâàëÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ:• ïðèâëå÷åíèå âíèìàíèÿ ìèðîâîé îáùå-

ñòâåííîñòè ê îáîñòðåíèþ ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõïðîáëåì;

The Baykal International Festival of Doc-umentary, Scientific and Educationalfilms «Humans and the nature» will beheld in Irkutsk (Russia) on 2–10 Sep-tember, 2006.

Festival is founded by the Ministry of Cul-ture of the Russian Federation, Alliance ofCinematographers (AC) of Russia, adminis-tration of the Irkutsk district, the East-Sibe-rian branch of AC of Russia. The main pur-poses of the Festival are:• attracting the attention of the world pub-

lic to the intensification of environmentalproblems;

Æåëàþùèì ïðèíÿòü ó÷àñòèå â êîíôåðåíöèè íå-îáõîäèìî âûñëàòü äî 3 àïðåëÿ 2006 ã. â àäðåñ îðã-êîìèòåòà:

1. Àíêåòó àâòîðà.2. Òåçèñû (íå áîëåå 3-õ ñòðàíèö) íà äèñêåòàõ (èìÿ ôàé-

ëà – ôàìèëèÿ ïåðâîãî àâòîðà – Èâàíîâ.doc) ñ ïðèëî-æåíèåì ðàñïå÷àòêè òåêñòà â 1 ýêç. èëè ïî ýëåêòðîííîéïî÷òå â ýëåêòðîííîì âèäå.

3. Îðãâçíîñ äëÿ ðîññèéñêèõ ó÷àñòíèêîâ è ñòðàí ÑÍÃ –200 ðóá., ìîëîäûõ ó÷åíûõ – 100 ðóá., àñïèðàíòîâ è ñòó-äåíòîâ – 0; âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ îðãàíèçàöèîííûå ðàñõîäû,çàòðàòû íà ïóáëèêàöèþ ìàòåðèàëîâ êîíôåðåíöèè.

Êðîìå èçäàíèÿ òåçèñîâ äîêëàäîâ êîíôåðåíöèè îðã-êîìèòåò ïëàíèðóåò âûïóñê òðóäîâ êîíôåðåíöèè, âêëþ-÷àþùèõ ñòàòüè, îòîáðàííûå îðãêîìèòåòîì è ðåäàêöè-îííîé êîëëåãèåé ïî ñîãëàñîâàíèþ ñ àâòîðàìè. Îáú¸ìñòàòåé äî 10–11 ñòðàíèö. Îôîðìëåíèå – êàê òåçèñîâ.Íåîáõîäèì ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû. Âîçìîæíî ïîìåùåíèåèëëþñòðàòèâíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ. Ñòàòüè âûñûëàþòñÿ âìåñ-òå ñ òåçèñàìè èëè äîïîëíèòåëüíî äî 15 àïðåëÿ 2006 ã.

If you would like to participate the conference,please send the following documents by 3 April2006:

1. Application form.2. Abstracts (not more than 3 pages, name of file

should be the surname of first author – example:Ivanov.doc) should be sent by e-mail or on floppydisk with paper copy by post.

3. The registration fee for Russians and partici-pants from the FSU: 200 rubles, for young scien-tists – 100 rubles., for post-graduates and students– 0; the fee includes costs of the and overheadsProceeds of conference. Other categories of theapplicants – please contact the organization com-mittee.

The Conference Committee is going to publishselected papers, chosen by the Committee and/orthe editorial board . Papers should be no more than10–11 pages long. Deadline for papers and abstractsis 15 April 2006.

5. Ðåãèîíàëüíûå òðàäèöèè ïðèðîäîïîëü-çîâàíèÿ, îõðàíû ïðèðîäû è ó÷åò èíòåðå-ñîâ íàñåëåíèÿ ïðè îðãàíèçàöèè è äåÿòåëü-íîñòè ÎÎÏÒ.

6. Ãóìàíèòàðíî-ñîöèàëüíûå àñïåêòû çà-ïîâåäíîãî äåëà. Ýêîëîãè÷åñêîå ïðîñâåùå-íèå. ÎÎÏÒ è òóðèçì.

7. Îõðàíà è ðåæèì ÎÎÏÒ.8. Ïðàâîâûå è àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå âîï-

ðîñû çàïîâåäíîãî äåëà.9. Âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ÎÎÏÒ ñ ÍÈÈ, ÂÓ-

Çàìè, îòå÷åñòâåííûìè è ìåæäóíàðîäíû-ìè îáùåñòâåííûìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè èôîíäàìè.

10. Î ñîòðóäíèêàõ çàïîâåäíèêîâ è äðó-çüÿõ ÎÎÏÒ. Çàïîâåäíûé ôîëüêëîð.

Ïðîãðàììà êîíôåðåíöèè ïðåäóñìàòðè-âàåò ïîëåâûå ýêñêóðñèè è ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ,ñâÿçàííûå ñ 30-ëåòèåì Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêî-ãî çàïîâåäíèêà.

Êîíòàêò (2).

5. Regional traditions of nature manage-ment and conservation, incorporation ofpublic interests in establishment and main-tenance of protected areas.

6. Human and social aspects of Reservemanagement .Environmental education. Pro-tected areas and tourism.

7. Protection and its levels in ProtectedTerritories

8. Legislative and administrative problemsin Reserve management.

9. Cooperation of Nature Reserves withscientific institutes, universities, national andinternational organizations and funds.

10. About employees and supporters ofNature Reserves. Folklore of environmen-talists.

The conference will include field excur-sions and a gala dedicated to the 30th an-niversary of the Sayano-Shushenskiy NatureReserve. Contact (2).

(3) Êîíòàêò:

Äèðåêöèÿ ôåñòèâàëÿ«×åëîâåê è Ïðèðîäà»664056 ÐîññèÿÈðêóòñêóë. Ìóõèíîé 2àòåë./ôàêñ:(3952) 42 20 77

Êîîðäèíàòîð âÈðêóòñêå: ÌàðêîâàÀííà Áîðèñîâíàòåë.: (3952) 41 98 [email protected],[email protected]


• îáúåäèíåíèå è àêòèâèçàöèÿ îáùåñòâåí-íîãî äâèæåíèÿ â çàùèòó ïðèðîäû;• ïîêàç áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ïðèðîäû;• îáìåí ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé èíôîðìàöèåé;• ïîîùðåíèå êèíåìàòîãðàôèñòîâ, ñíèìà-

þùèõ ôèëüìû íà òåìû ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî ìèð-íîãî ñîñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ ÷åëîâåêà è ïðèðîäû;• ðàçâèòèå òâîð÷åñêèõ êîíòàêòîâ, îáìåíó

îïûòîì è èäåÿìè ìåæäó êèíåìàòîãðàôèñ-òàìè, ó÷¸íûìè, ýêîëîãàìè è íàñåëåíèåì;• ýêîëîãè÷åñêîå îáðàçîâàíèå è âîñïè-

òàíèå.Ê ó÷àñòèþ â êîíêóðñíîé ïðîãðàììå äî-

ïóñêàþòñÿ äîêóìåíòàëüíûå, íàó÷íî-ïîïó-ëÿðíûå è ó÷åáíûå ôèëüìû èç ðàçíûõ ñòðàíìèðà, ïðîèçâîäñòâî êîòîðûõ çàêîí÷åíî íåðàíåå, ÷åì çà 2 ãîäà äî íà÷àëà ôåñòèâàëÿ.

Çàÿâêè íà ó÷àñòèå â ïðîãðàììå ôå-ñòèâàëÿ è êîïèè ôèëüìîâ íà âèäåî-ïëåíêå ïðèíèìàþòñÿ îòáîðî÷íîé êî-ìèññèåé äî 1 èþëÿ 2006 ãîäà.

Ðàñõîäû ïî õðàíåíèþ è ñòðàõîâàíèþïðåäñòàâëåííûõ íà êîíêóðñ êèíîâèäåîìà-òåðèàëîâ â ïåðèîä ïðîâåäåíèÿ Ôåñòèâàëÿíåñ¸ò äèðåêöèÿ Ôåñòèâàëÿ.

Ïèòàíèå, ïðîæèâàíèå è ïåðåäâèæåíèåó÷àñòíèêîâ Ôåñòèâàëÿ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ çàñ÷¸ò äèðåêöèè ôåñòèâàëÿ. Êîíòàêò (3).

Êîëüñêèé öåíòð îõðàíû äèêîé ïðèðîäûñîîáùàåò î íà÷àëå ïðîåêòà ïî ñîçäàíèþðåãèîíàëüíûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ îñîáîîõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé(ÎÎÏÒ) íà âîçâûøåííîñòè Êåéâû â âîñ-òî÷íîé ÷àñòè Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà(Ìóðìàíñêàÿ îáëàñòü) â 2006 ã.

Âîçâûøåííîñòü Êåéâû èìååò ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòü 140 êèëîìåòðîâ â íàïðàâëåíèè ñå-âåðî-âîñòîê – þãî-çàïàä ïðè øèðèíå äî25 êèëîìåòðîâ è ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîäîðàçäåëîìÁàðåíöåâà è Áåëîãî ìîðåé.

Îñíîâíîé çàäà÷åé ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿÎÎÏÒ â ýòîì ðàéîíå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðåäîòâðà-ùåíèå ïðîìûøëåííîé ðàçðàáîòêè íàèáî-ëåå öåííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äèêîé ïðèðîäû.

Â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû âîñòî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü Êîëü-ñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà ïðèâëåêàåò âíèìàíèåïðîìûøëåííèêîâ äëÿ ïîèñêà, ðàçâåäêè èïîñëåäóþùåé äîáû÷è ïîëåçíûõ èñêîïàå-ìûõ. Â Êåéâàõ ðàñïîëîæåíû êðóïíåéøèåçàïàñû êåàíèòà – àëþìèíèåâîãî ñûðüÿ,êîòîðîå ìîæåò äîáûâàòüñÿ â óñëîâèÿõÊîëüñêîãî Çàïîëÿðüÿ òîëüêî îòêðûòûì ñïî-ñîáîì, à òàêæå êðóïíûå çàïàñû ïîäåëî÷-íîãî êàìíÿ. Â ñëó÷àå ïðîâåäåíèÿ òàêèõðàáîò àíòðîïîãåííîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå çàò-ðîíåò çíà÷èòåëüíóþ ÷àñòü òåððèòîðèè.

Îñíîâíûìè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûìè öåííî-ñòÿìè íà ïðåäïîëàãàåìîé ê îáñëåäîâàíèþ

• consolidating public activities in natureprotection;• demonstrating the diversity of nature;• exchanging of the environmental infor-

mation;• encouraging film-makers to film nature

and its coexistence with people• developing creative contacts, exchang-

ing experience and ideas between the pub-lic and cinematographers, scientists, and en-vironmentalists.• promoting environmental education.To the participation in the Festival docu-

mentary, scientific and educating films fromdifferent countries of the world, completedlater, than for 1st July 2004.

Application forms for the participationin the Festival and copies of films on VHS-cassettes should be send to the Selec-tion Committee. The deadline for submis-sion is 1 July 2006.

Expenses on keeping and insurance ofsubmitted films during the period of theFestival will be carried by the Festival Com-mittee. Costs of feeding, living and move-ment within the framework of the Festivalare realized by the Festival Committee.

Contact (3).

The Biodiversity Conservation Center ofthe Kola-peninsula informs of the projectto establish the regional ornithologicalprotected areas on the Keyvy upland inthe eastern part of Kola peninsula (Mur-mansk district) in 2006.

The Keyvy upland is the watershed of theBarents and Beloe Seas with size 140õ25 km.

The main purpose of establishing the pro-tected areas in the region is prevention of

(3) Êîíòàêò:

Êîîðäèíàòîðûâ Ìîñêâå:×åðíåíêî ÐèòàÄàâûäîâíàêèíîêðèòèêòåë.: (095) 251 09 89×åðíîâ Âÿ÷åñëàâÃåîðãèåâè÷çàâ. îòäåëîì ïî ðàáîòåñ ðåãèîíàìèòåë.: (095) 251 08 27

(3) Contact:

Committee of theFestival «Human andnature»Muchhinoy str., 2àIrkutsk 664056Russiatel./fax: (3952) 42 20 77

Coordinator in Irkutsk:Anna B. Markovatel.: (3952) 41 98 [email protected]@angara.ru

Coordinators inMoscow:Rita D. ChernenkoFilm critictel.: (095) 251 09 89Vyacheslav G. ChernovHead of the departmentof co-operations withregionstel.: (095) 251 08 27

(4) Êîíòàêò:

Âèêòîð Ïåòðîâêîîðäèíàòîð ïðîåêòîâïî ñîõðàíåíèþáèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ èïðàâîâûõ ïðîåêòîâÊîëüñêîãî öåíòðàîõðàíû äèêîé ïðèðîäûìîá.: +7 (921) 274 0014òåë.: +7 (815) 556 62 [email protected]

(4) Contact:

Viktor PetrovProject-leaderKolskiy BiodiversityConservation Centertel.:+7 (815) 556 62 86mob.: +7 (921) 274 [email protected]

Ïòåíöû êðå÷åòà (Falco rusticolus) ó ãíåçäà íàâîçâûøåííîñòè Êåéâû. 2005 ã. Ôîòî Î. Ïåò-ðîâîé

The chicks of the Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) nearthe nest on the Keyvy upland. 2005. Photo byO. Petrova


òåððèòîðèè ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêèñîêîëîâ: êðå÷åòà (Falco rusticolus) è ñàï-ñàíà (Falco peregrinus). Â çàïàäíîé è öåíò-ðàëüíîé ÷àñòÿõ âîçâûøåííîñòè èçâåñòíûíàõîäêè ãí¸çä êðå÷åòîâ, à íà ñåâåðíîé ÷à-ñòè Ïîíîéñêîé áîëîòíîé êîòëîâèíû – êëþ-÷åâîé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé òåððèòîðèè – èç-âåñòíû ãí¸çäà ñàïñàíà. Â ïîëåâîé ñåçîí2006 ã. ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ ïðîâåðèòü ñòàðûåäàííûå è âûÿâèòü íîâûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñò-êè êðóïíûõ ñîêîëîâ. Íà îñíîâàíèè ïîëó-÷åííûõ äàííûõ áóäóò ñïðîåêòèðîâàíû íå-ñêîëüêî ðåãèîíàëüíûõ ÎÎÏÒ, à òàêæåðàñøèðåíèå Ïîíîéñêîãî îðíèòîëîãè÷åñ-êîãî çàêàçíèêà, çàùèùàþùåãî Ïîíîéñêóþáîëîòíóþ êîòëîâèíó, ñ òåì, ÷òîáû âçÿòü ïîäîõðàíó âåñü âîäîñáîð êîòëîâèíû ñî ñòî-ðîíû âîçâûøåííîñòè Êåéâû.

Îôèöèàëüíûå ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå îðãàíûÌóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè çàâåðèëè èñïîëíèòå-ëåé, ÷òî ñïðîåêòèðîâàííûå ÎÎÏÒ áóäóòñîçäàíû â ñëó÷àå äîñòàòî÷íîãî íàó÷íîãîîáîñíîâàíèÿ. Òå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, êîòîðûåíå âîéäóò â ñîñòàâ ñïðîåêòèðîâàííûõ ÎÎÏÒ,áóäóò âçÿòû ïîä îõðàíó íà îñíîâàíèè ïðå-äóñìîòðåííîãî çàêîíîäàòåëü-ñòâîì Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòèìåõàíèçìà ñîõðàíåíèÿ ó÷àñò-êîâ êàê ìåñò îáèòàíèÿ âèäîâ,çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãóÌóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè.

Êîëüñêèé öåíòð îõðàíû äè-êîé ïðèðîäû ïðèãëàøàåò ê ñî-òðóäíè÷åñòâó ïîëåâûõ èññëå-äîâàòåëåé, çàíèìàþùèõñÿñîõðàíåíèåì áèîðàçíîîáðà-çèÿ, è íàäååòñÿ ïðèâëå÷ü äî-ïîëíèòåëüíîå ôèíàíñèðîâà-íèå ïðîåêòà. Êîíòàêò (4).

the industrial exploitation of the importantwild nature areas.

During last years the eastern part of theKola peninsula becomes to interest for com-panies for searching, exploring and follow-ing mining of minerals. The largest depositof keanit (aluminum-ore), which can bemined under the conditions of the Kola pe-ninsula by only open method, and depositsof decorate stones locate here. In the caseof exploring these deposits the human in-fluence on the territory will very much.

The most significant areas on the territorywhich are going to be surveyed are thebreeding areas of Gyrfalcons (Falco rustico-lus) and Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus).

During the summer of 2006 the knownbreeding areas of falcons and searching newones are planning to carry out.

The nature protection state authorities ofthe Murmansk district guarantee the estab-lishing the protected areas if they would besufficiently scientific motivated. The breed-ing areas which will out of the protectedareas, will be protected in accordance of theMurmansk district legislation, which provideto conserve breeding areas of species in-cluded in the Red Data Book of the Mur-mansk district.

The Biodiversity Conservation Center ofthe Kola-peninsula invites the field research-ers to cooperate, and hopes to attract anadditional financing of the project.

Contact (4).

Ìåñòà îáèòàíèÿ êðå÷åòà íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîé îêîíå÷-íîñòè âîçâûøåííîñòè Êåéâû. Ôîòî Î. Ïåòðîâîé

Inhabited places of the Gyrfalcon on the Keyvy upland.2005. Photo by O. Petrova

Êàðòà ðàéîíà ðàáîò: 1 –òåððèòîðèÿ, íà êîòîðîéïëàíèðóåòñÿ îáñëåäîâà-íèå, 2 – Ïîíîéñêèé îð-íèòîëîãè÷åñêèé çàêàç-íèê

The map of the surveyedregion: 1 – the territorywhere the survey isplanned 2 – PonoyskiyOrnithological Nature Re-serve


CITES�News

НОВОСТИ�СИТЕС

21 – 23 íîÿáðÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Àáó-Äàáè (ÎÀÝ)ïðîøëî Ñîâåùàíèå ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû ÑÈ-ÒÅÑ ïî ìåðàì ïðèíóæäåíèÿ â îáëàñòèòîðãîâëè ñîêîëàìè (äàëåå ÑÐÃ).

Ñîâåùàíèå áûëî îðãàíèçîâàíî ïîä ýãè-äîé Ñåêðåòàðèàòà ÑÈÒÅÑ Àäìèíèñòðàòèâ-íûì è Íàó÷íûì îðãàíàìè ÑÈÒÅÑ ÎÀÝ ïðèó÷àñòèè Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîãî îðãàíà ÑÈÒÅÑÊàíàäû.

Â ÑÐÃ ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå îôèöèàëüíûåïðåäñòàâèòåëè Ñåêðåòàðèàòà ÑÈÒÅÑ èñòðàí-ó÷àñòíèö – Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè, Êàçàõ-ñòàíà, Êàíàäû, Êàòàðà, Êèðãèçñòàíà, Êèòàÿ,Êóâåéòà, Ìîíãîëèè, ÎÀÝ, Ðîññèéñêîé Ôå-äåðàöèè, à òàêæå ISPO-Èíòåðïîë è Ìåæäó-íàðîäíîé òàìîæåííîé îðãàíèçàöèè.

Ðîññèþ íà Ñîâåùàíèè ïðåäñòàâëÿëè íà-÷àëüíèê Óïðàâëåíèÿ ÐîñïðèðîäíàäçîðàÄ.Â. Ôåäîòêèí è çàâåäóþùèé ëàáîðàòî-ðèåé ÂÍÈÈïðèðîäû ÐîñïðèðîäíàäçîðàÀ.Ã. Ñîðîêèí.

Öåëüþ ÑÐÃ áûëî âûÿâëåíèå îñíîâíûõïðîáëåì è òåíäåíöèé íåçàêîííîé òîðãîâ-ëè ñîêîëàìè ñ ïðàêòè÷åñêîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ.Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå áûëî óäåëåíî âîïðîñàìêîíòðîëÿ è íàäçîðà çà âíóòðåííèì îáîðî-òîì è ýêñïîðòíî-èìïîðòíûìè îïåðàöèÿìèñ ñîêîëàìè. Â ýòîé ñâÿçè äåòàëüíî îáñóæ-äàëàñü ñèòóàöèÿ ñ íåëåãàëüíûì îòëîâîì èêîíòðàáàíäîé ñîêîëîâ çà ïåðèîä ñ 2000 ã.

Â õîäå ñîâåùàíèÿ áûëà ïîä÷åðêíóòà íå-îáõîäèìîñòü óëó÷øåíèÿ ìåæäóíàðîäíîéêîîðäèíàöèè äåéñòâèé, íàïðàâëåííûõ íàïðåñå÷åíèå íåëåãàëüíîé àêòèâíîñòè â ñîêî-ëèíîì áèçíåñå. Îáñóæäåíû è îäîáðåíûïðåäëîæåíèÿ Ñåêðåòàðèàòà ÑÈÒÅÑ ïî ñîçäà-íèþ èíôîðìàöèîííîé ñåòè äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿîïåðàòèâíîñòè ïðàâîïðèìåíèòåëüíûõ äåé-ñòâèé ïî âñåé êðèìèíàëüíîé öåïî÷êå îòìåñò íåëåãàëüíîãî îòëîâà äî ïóíêòîâ íà-çíà÷åíèÿ êîíòðàáàíäíîé ïðîäóêöèè.

Îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü ÑÐÃ áûëà ïîñâÿùåíà äîê-ëàäàì ñòðàí-ó÷àñòíèö ñ èíôîðìàöèåé ïîíåçàêîííîé òîðãîâëå ñîêîëàìè çà ïåðèîä2000 – 2005 ãã. è èõ îáñóæäåíèþ.

Îò÷¸ò ïî èòîãàì ó÷àñòèÿ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåéÐîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà â Ñîâåùàíèè ðàáî÷åéãðóïïû äîñòóïåí íà ñàéòå ÌÏÐ ÐÔ4.

Êðàòêèé îò÷¸ò ïî äîêëàäàì, ïðåäñòàâëåí-íûì íà ÑÐÃ, ÷èòàéòå íà ñòð. 12.

In 21 – 23 November 2005 in Abu Dhabi,(UAE) was held the meeting of the CITESFalcon Enforcement Task Force (ETF).

The meeting was organized by CITES Sec-retariat, CITES authorities of the UAE andCanada.

The meeting was attended by the CITESManagement Authorities, official authoritiesof Canada, China, India, Kuwait, Qatar, Ka-zakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, the RussianFederation and the United Kingdom andofficials of ICPO-Interpol and the World Cus-toms Organization.

Russian official authorities were the Direc-tor of the Management of the Russian Na-ture Inspection (RNI) D.V. Fedotkin and thehead of laboratory the Russian ScientificNature Institute of RNI A.G. Sorokin.

The main objective of the meeting was todiscuss the illegal trade in falcons by identi-fying the main problems in controlling thetrade in falcons for falconry studying seizuresthat have been made in member countryterritories since 2000, to identify smugglingmethods, routes, means of transport, char-acteristics of the illicit trade and, if possible,the identities of those involved.

The participants noted a necessity to im-prove the international coordination of ac-tions against the illicit trade of falcons. Theyalso discussed and encouraged the sugges-tions of CITES Secretariat to organize theinformational network for improving theactions to identify illegal harvest methods,smuggling routes, smuggling techniques(forms of transport, concealment tech-niques, types of couriers, etc. modus oper-andi associated with dealers, places associ-ated with dealers, transactions, etc., finaldestinations and markets, prices paid(poacher to final consumer) and individualsknown to be involved.

The main part of meeting was the coun-try reports, providing details of illegaltrade in falcons and seizure informationsince 2000.

The report of results of participation ofRussian officials is available on-line on siteof the Ministry of Natural Recourses of RF4.

Short summary about it see on 12 page.

4 http://control.mnr.gov.ru/part/?act=more&id=532&pid=545


The officials of Federal Security Agency(FSA) of RF were arrested a party of Gyr-falcons (Falco rusticolus) from Kamchat-ka in the airport of Moscow in Novem-ber, 2005.

As a result of united actions of FSA offi-cials of Moscow and Petropavlovsk-Kam-chatskiy, five white Gyrfalcons were foundin the luggage of a passenger of flightPetropavlovsk – Moscow. The owner of theluggage was arrested. Investigation is car-ried out.

The confiscated birds have been kept inthe «Russian Falcon Center» for rehabilita-tion and been waiting a further judgment.

Following the information of FSA everyyear near 100 Gyrs are brought out fromKamchatka.

The information has prepared following re-ports of the Russian Information Agency«Novosty» Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy5.

In 5 December 2005 a large party of rap-tors (10 Gyrfalcons, 1 Goshawk, 1 Hobbyand 1 Snow Owl) was confiscated at theairport of Magadan (Russia).

The confiscated party of birds waspoached near Arman’ village (vicinities ofthe Solenoe Lake). Probably the main partof birds was poached in November – dur-ing which the Gyrs, inhabiting tundra zone(Northern Yakutia and Chukotika) migrate tothe Okhotsk coast. For catching birds netsand pigeons were used.

The confiscated party of birds was trans-ported to the office of the Russian Inspec-tion of Agriculture, where 13 birds spentthe night kept in 2 small boxes. Due to theunsatisfactory conditions one gyrfalcon died.

In 8 December, after filing the case, theGyrfalcons, Goshawk and Snow Owl werereleased back to the wild. The hobby wastransferred to the Children EnvironmentalCenter, where he will spend the winter withplans to be released back to the wild inspring.

The courier was imposed a fine in 1500rubles. The criminal case was filed.

5 http://www.rian.ru/incidents/crime/20051117/42119599.html

Â íîÿáðå 2005 ã. â àýðîïîðòó ã. Ìîñêâûñîòðóäíèêè ÔÑÁ, áëàãîäàðÿ õîðîøîñïëàíèðîâàííûì îïåðàòèâíî-ðîçûñê-íûì ìåðîïðèÿòèÿì, çàäåðæàëè ïàðòèþêàì÷àòñêèõ êðå÷åòîâ (Falco rusticolus).

Â áàãàæå îäíîãî èç ïàññàæèðîâ ðåéñàÏåòðîïàâëîâñê-Ìîñêâà, ïî ïðèáûòèè âàýðîïîðò íàçíà÷åíèÿ, ñîòðóäíèêàìè ÔÑÁã. Ìîñêâû è ã. Ïåòðîïàâëîâñê-Êàì÷àòñêî-ãî áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ïÿòü áåëûõ êðå÷åòîâ.Âëàäåëåö áàãàæà çàäåðæàí. Ïðîâîäèòñÿðàññëåäîâàíèå.

Èçúÿòûå ïòèöû ïåðåäàíû äëÿ ïðîõîæäå-íèÿ ðåàáèëèòàöèè è îïðåäåëåíèÿ äàëüíåé-øåé ñóäüáû â ÔÃÓ ÍÈÈ ïðèðîäû «Ðóññêèéñîêîëèíûé öåíòð».

Ïî îïåðàòèâíûì äàííûì ÔÑÁ ñ òåððè-òîðèè ïîëóîñòðîâà åæåãîäíî âûâîçèòñÿîêîëî 100 îñîáåé ýòèõ ðåäêèõ ïòèö.

Èíôîðìàöèÿ ïîäãîòîâëåíà ïî äàííûìÐÈÀ Íîâîñòè ã. Ïåòðîïàâëîâñê-Êàì÷àòñêèé5.

5 äåêàáðÿ 2005 ã. â àýðîïîðòó ã. Ìàãà-äàí (Ðîññèÿ) áûëà çàäåðæàíà êðóïíàÿïàðòèÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ – 10 êðå-÷åòîâ, 1 ÿñòðåá-òåòåðåâÿòíèê, 1 ÷åãëîêè 1 áåëàÿ ñîâà.

Êîíôèñêîâàííàÿ ïàðòèÿ ïòèö áûëà îò-ëîâëåíà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Àðìàíè (ðàéîíîçåðà Ñîë¸íîå). Ïî-âèäèìîìó, îñíîâíàÿèõ ìàññà áûëà ïîéìàíà â íîÿáðå – êîãäàêðå÷åòû, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ â òóíäðîâîé çîíå,ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ íà îõîòñêîì ïîáåðåæüå.

Èçúÿòàÿ ïàðòèÿ ïòèö áûëà äîñòàâëåíà âïîìåùåíèå Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà, ãäå ïòèöûïðîâåëè íî÷ü â ñâÿçàííîì ñîñòîÿíèè, âäâóõ òåñíûõ êîíòåéíåðàõ. Îò òÿæ¸ëûõ óñ-ëîâèé ñîäåðæàíèÿ îäèí êðå÷åò ïîãèá.

8 äåêàáðÿ, ïîñëå îôîðìëåíèÿ ïðîòîêîëàî íàðóøåíèè, êðå÷åòû, òåòåðåâÿòíèê è áå-ëàÿ ñîâà áûëè âûïóùåíû â íåñêîëüêèõ ïóí-êòàõ âäîëü àðìàíñêîé òðàññû. ×åãëîê, âðå-ìÿ îñåííèõ êî÷¸âîê êîòîðîãî äàâíîçàêîí÷èëîñü, áûë ïåðåäàí Äåòñêîìó ýêîëî-ãè÷åñêîìó öåíòðó, ãäå îí áóäåò çèìîâàòü äîíàñòóïëåíèÿ òåïëà (ôèíàíñîâóþ ïîääåð-æêó ïðè ýòîì îáåñïå÷èâàåò ÓïðàâëåíèåÐîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà Ìàãàäàíñêîé îáëàñòè).

Íà êóðüåðà, íà êîòîðîãî áûë îôîðìëåíâåñü ãðóç, íàëîæåí àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûéøòðàô â ðàçìåðå 1500 ðóá. Âîçáóæäåíîóãîëîâíîå äåëî.

Contraband�of�Falcons

КОНТРАБАНДА�СОКОЛОВ


Îñíîâíîå íàïðàâëåíèå ñîâåùàíèþ ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû (äàëåå

ÑÐÃ) äàëè óñòàíîâî÷íûå äîêëàäû ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé Ñåêðåòàðèà-

òà ÑÈÒÅÑ Äæîíàòàíà Áàðçäî (ðóêîâîäèòåëü Îòäåëåíèÿ ïîääåð-

æêè Êîíâåíöèè) è Äæîíà Ñåëëàðà (ðóêîâîäèòåëü ãðóïïû ïî

áîðüáå ñ êîíòðàáàíäîé, ìîøåííè÷åñòâîì è îðãàíèçîâàííîé

ïðåñòóïíîñòüþ), ïîñâÿù¸ííûå èñòîðèè Ðàáî÷èõ ãðóïï ÑÈÒÅÑ

è îïèñàíèþ öåëåé íàñòîÿùåãî ÑÐÃ. Â äîïîëíåíèå ê ýòîìó Àä-

ìèíèñòðàòèâíûé îðãàí ÑÈÒÅÑ â ÎÀÝ ïðåäñòàâèë äîêëàä ïî èñ-

òîðèè ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû â ðåãèîíå è ñîâðåìåííîìó ñîñòîÿ-

íèþ òîðãîâëè ñîêîëàìè äëÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû, à òàêæå ïî

ìåðàì, ïðåäïðèíèìàåìûì íà ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì óðîâíå â ÎÀÝ

ïî êîíòðîëþ íåçàêîííîãî îáîðîòà ñîêîëîâ. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, áûë

äåòàëüíî îïèñàí ðàçðàáîòàííûé è âíåäðåííûé ìåõàíèçì «ïàñ-

ïîðòèçàöèè» ñîêîëîâ, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ëè÷íîé ñîáñòâåííîñòè.

Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíûé îïûò ÎÀÝ è íåêîòîðûõ äðóãèõ

ñòðàí ðåãèîíà â «ïàñïîðòèçàöèè» ñîêîëîâ, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ëè÷-

íîé ñîáñòâåííîñòè, Ñåêðåòàðèàò ÑÈÒÅÑ ðåêîìåíäîâàë øèðå

èñïîëüçîâàòü ýòîò ìåòîä ðåãèñòðàöèè è êîíòðîëÿ ïåðåìåùå-

íèÿ ñîêîëîâ. Ïðè ýòîì îáðàùàëîñü âíèìàíèå íà ñëåäóþùåå:

- ïàñïîðòà äîëæíû áûòü çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû â âûäàâøåì èõ

íàöèîíàëüíîì îðãàíå;

- â ïàñïîðòå äîëæíû áûòü ÷åòêèå óêàçàíèÿ íà ìåòêó äàííîé

ïòèöû (â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ðåêîìåíäàöèÿìè ÑÈÒÅÑ);

- ïðè ïåðåñå÷åíèÿõ ãðàíèö â ïàñïîðòå äîëæíû ïðîñòàâëÿòü-

ñÿ äàòû âûåçäà è âúåçäà, çàâåðåííûå ïîäïèñüþ óïîëíîìî÷åí-

íîãî ëèöà è ïå÷àòüþ;

- â ïàñïîðòå äîëæíà áûòü ñäåëàíà çàïèñü î òîì, ÷òî, áóäó÷è

âûâåçåííîé çà ãðàíèöó, äàííàÿ îñîáü íå ìîæåò áûòü ïðîäàíà

(ïîäàðåíà) áåç îôîðìëåíèÿ äîêóìåíòîâ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ òðå-

áîâàíèÿìè ÑÈÒÅÑ;

- ïàñïîðò âûäàåòñÿ òîëüêî íà ïòèö ñ ïîäòâåðæäåííîé ëåãè-

òèìíîñòüþ ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ;

- â ñëó÷àå, åñëè ïåðåìåùåíèå ñîêîëà îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ íå âëà-

äåëüöåì, à åãî äîâåðåííûì ëèöîì, òî ïàñïîðò âûïèñûâàåòñÿ

íà òî ëèöî, êîòîðîå íåïîñðåäñòâåííî îñóùåñòâëÿåò ïåðåìå-

ùåíèå ïòèöû ÷åðåç ãðàíèöó.

Îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü ÑÐÃ áûëà ïîñâÿùåíà äîêëàäàì ñòðàí-ó÷àñò-

íèö ñ èíôîðìàöèåé ïî íåçàêîííîé òîðãîâëå ñîêîëàìè çà ïå-

ðèîä 2000 – 2005 ãã. è èõ îáñóæäåíèþ.

Êèòàé

Ñóùåñòâóåò çàïðåò íà äîáûâàíèå èç ïðèðîäû â êîììåð÷åñ-

êèõ öåëÿõ âèäîâ, çàíåñåííûõ â Ïðèëîæåíèÿ 1 è 2 ÑÈÒÅÑ. Âìå-

ñòå ñ òåì óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ åæåãîäíàÿ êâîòà íà îòëîâ áàëîáàíîâ

äëÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû.

The main aim of the meeting was recognized

in reports of CITES Management Authorities:

Jonathan G. Barzdo, Chief, Convention Support

Unit, CITES Secretariat and Mr. John M. Sellar,

Anti-smuggling, Fraud and Organized Crime,

CITES Secretariat, which spoke on the history of

CITES ETF and a description of the aims of the

Falcon ETF. In addition the CITES authorities of

the UAE presented the report on the history of

falconry and current trade in falcons for falcon-

ry», including an explanation of the falcon ‘pass-

port’ scheme.

Following the positive experience of UAE and

some other Gulf States in the using of passports

for personally owned falcons, CITES Secretariat rec-

ommended the broader use of this method of reg-

istration and control of cross-border movements

of falcons. Besides it was recommended to pro-

vide following:

- certificate should be registered in the special

authorizing national organ;

- certificate should include information of bird

marks (following recommendations of CITES);

- at the border crossing data of in and out com-

ing, notarized by authorized person and a seal

should be registered in certificate;

- certificate should contain the note that the bird

can’t be sold (or presented) without drawing up

the documents according requirements of CITES;

- certificate is draw up only for a bird with docu-

ments to the proof of legal acquisition;

- in this case if a falcon is transported by not

owner, but his agent, certificate should draw up

for the agent, who would undertake cross-border

moving a bird.

The main part of the meeting was presented by

the country reports, providing details of illegal

trade in falcons and seizure information since 2000

to 2005.

China

Harvest of wild birds including in Appendix 1, 2

CITES is prohibited for commercial purposes. How-

ever a quota for catching falcons for falconry is es-

tablished every year.

Short�summary�of�the�reports�from�the�meeting�of�the�CITES

Falcon�Enforcement�Task�Force�(ETF).�21–23�November�2005,

Abu�Dhabi,�UAE

КРАТКИЙ�ОТЧЁТ�ПО�ДОКЛАДАМ,�ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННЫМ�НАСОВЕЩАНИИ�РАБОЧЕЙ�ГРУППЫ�СИТЕС�ПО�МЕРАМПРИНУЖДЕНИЯ�В�ОБЛАСТИ�ТОРГОВЛИ�СОКОЛАМИ.21–23�НОЯБРЯ�2005�Г.,�АБУ-ДАБИ,�ОАЭ

Fedotkin�D.V.�(The�Management�of�the�Russian�Nature�Inspection�(RNI),�Russia)

Sorokin�A.G.�(The�Russian�Scientific�Nature�Institute�of�RNI,�Russia)

Федот�ин�Д.В.�(Управление�Росприроднадзора,�Россия)

Соро�ин�А.Г.�(ВНИИприрода�Росприроднадзора,�Россия)


Êîíòðàáàíäà íåçàêîííî îòëîâëåííûõ áàëîáàíîâ îòìå÷àåò-

ñÿ â òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ 15 ëåò. Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðàçìàõ îíà

èìåëà â êîíöå 1990-õ – íà÷àëå 2000-õ ãã. (â 2001 ã. áûëî

çàäåðæàíî 3000 áðàêîíüåðîâ ñ 600 áàëîáàíàìè). Ãëàâíûå

ðàéîíû – Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíûé Êèòàé è Âíóòðåííÿÿ Ìîíãîëèÿ.

Îáû÷íî â áðàêîíüåðñòâå è êîíòðàáàíäå çàìåøàíû ãðàæäàíå

Ïàêèñòàíà.

Â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû çàìåòåí ñïàä êðèìèíàëüíîé àêòèâíîñòè

âñëåäñòâèå ïðèíèìàåìûõ ìåð: çà íåçàêîííûé îòëîâ, òðàíñ-

ïîðòèðîâêó è ñîäåðæàíèå áàëîáàíà óñòàíîâëåíî óãîëîâíîå

íàêàçàíèå. Äëèòåëüíîñòü ñðîêà çàêëþ÷åíèÿ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ êî-

ëè÷åñòâîì çàäåðæàííûõ ïòèö: çà 1 – 5 áàëîáàíîâ – ìåíåå 5

ëåò, 6 – 10 áàëîáàíîâ – îò 5 äî 10 ëåò, áîëüøå 10 áàëîáàíîâ –

îò 10 ëåò è âûøå, âêëþ÷àÿ ñìåðòíóþ êàçíü. Øèðîêî èçâåñòåí

ñëó÷àé, êîãäà 2 áðàêîíüåðà çà 42 íåçàêîííî äîáûòûõ ñîêîëà

ïîëó÷èëè ïîæèçíåííîå çàêëþ÷åíèå.

Õàðàêòåðíî, ÷òî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåò îäèí è

òîò æå óðîâåíü íàêàçàíèÿ êàê çà íåçàêîííûé îòëîâ, òàê è çà

íåëåãàëüíóþ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêó èëè ñîäåðæàíèå.

Äëÿ îïòèìèçàöèè ïîëîæåíèÿ ñ áàëîáàíîì â ìåæäóíàðîä-

íîì ïëàíå êèòàéñêàÿ ñòîðîíà ðåêîìåíäóåò óæåñòî÷åíèå íà-

êàçàíèÿ, óëó÷øåíèå èíôîðìàöèîííîãî îáìåíà è ñîãëàñîâà-

íèå êâîò íà íàó÷íîé îñíîâå (äëÿ ñòðàí, ðàçðåøàþùèõ ýêñïîðò

îñîáåé èç ïðèðîäû).

Êàçàõñòàí

Âñïûøêà êîíòðàáàíäû áàëîáàíà èç ðåñïóáëèêè ïðîèçîøëà

â íà÷àëå 1990-õ ãã. ïîñëå îáðåòåíèÿ Êàçàõñòàíîì ñàìîñòîÿ-

òåëüíîñòè. Çà íåñêîëüêî ëåò ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà â þæíîì è þãî-

âîñòî÷íîì Êàçàõñòàíå óïàëà íà 80–90%.

Ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìåíè, ïîñëå ïðèíÿòèÿ êîìïëåêñà ìåð, ñè-

òóàöèÿ ñòàáèëèçèðîâàëàñü. Îòëîâ áàëîáàíà â êîììåð÷åñêèõ

öåëÿõ ïîëíîñòüþ çàïðåù¸í. Çà íåçàêîííûé îòëîâ ïðåäóñìîò-

ðåíî íàêàçàíèå â âèäå ëèøåíèÿ ñâîáîäû äî 4 ëåò è èñê 5100

äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ. Çàäåðæàíèÿ è ñóäåáíûå ïðîöåññû øèðîêî îñ-

âåùàþòñÿ ÑÌÈ.

Â ðåñïóáëèêå àêòèâíî äåéñòâóåò ïèòîìíèê ðåäêèõ ñîêîëîâ

«Ñóíêàð», â êîòîðîì ðàçâåäåíî áîëåå 700 ïòåíöîâ, 315 èç

êîòîðûõ âûïóùåíî â ïðèðîäó (îñòàëüíûå â óñòàíîâëåííîì çà-

êîíîäàòåëüñòâîì ïîðÿäêå ýêñïîðòèðîâàíû íà àðàáñêèé ðûíîê).

Â íåáîëüøèõ êîëè÷åñòâàõ áàëîáàí òàêæå ðàçâîäèòñÿ â Àëìàà-

òèíñêîì çîîïàðêå.

Ñ 2004 ã. ââåäåíû òðåáîâàíèÿ ìå÷åíèÿ ðàçâåä¸ííûõ â ïè-

òîìíèêàõ ïòåíöîâ íåðàçúåìíûìè êîëüöàìè â ôîðìàòå, ñîãëà-

ñîâàííîì ñ Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûì îðãàíîì ÑÈÒÅÑ.

Ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìåíè çàâåðøåíà èíâåíòàðèçàöèÿ âñåõ õèù-

íûõ ïòèö, ñîäåðæàùèõñÿ â íåâîëå. Èõ âëàäåëüöàì âûäàþòñÿ

ïàñïîðòà. Çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûå ïòèöû, ïðîèñõîäÿùèå èç ïðè-

ðîäû, ÷èïèðóþòñÿ.

Â 2003–2004 ãã. ïðè ó÷àñòèè ðîññèéñêèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ

ïðîâåäåíî øèðîêîìàñøòàáíîå àâòîìîáèëüíîå îáñëåäîâà-

íèå ãíåçäîâîãî àðåàëà áàëîáàíà (èíôîðìàöèÿ äîñòóïíà â

æóðíàëå «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà», 2005, ¹2). Ïî

åãî ðåçóëüòàòàì îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà â ðåñïóáëèêå äî-

ñòèãàåò 1800 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè àðåàëà

îíà ñòàáèëüíà, à â ðàéîíàõ, ïîäâåðãàâøèõñÿ â íà÷àëå – ñå-

ðåäèíå 1990-õ ãã. ñèëüíîìó ïðåññó áðàêîíüåðñòâà, èìååò

òåíäåíöèþ ê ðîñòó.

Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü Êàçàõñòàíà ïîä÷åðêíóë, ÷òî ãëàâíûì ïðèîðè-

òåòîì â ÷èñëå ìåð ïî ñîõðàíåíèþ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà äîëæ-

íî áûòü óñèëåíèå êîíòðîëÿ â àýðîïîðòàõ íàçíà÷åíèÿ áðàêî-

íüåðñêèõ ïîñòàâîê (àðàáñêèé ðåãèîí).

Smuggling of illegal sakers is noted during last

15 years. It was of great size since the end of the

1990s to beginning of 2000s. (In 2001 3000 poach-

ers were arrested with 600 sakers). The regions,

where poachers and smugglers are the most ac-

tive, are Northern-Western China and Internal Mon-

golia. Usually smugglers are persons from Pakistan.

Last year’s criminal activity trends show a de-

crease as a result of measures to curb illegal catch-

ing, transporting and keeping sakers, which was

punished by imprisonment. The duration of impris-

onment depends on the number of confiscated

birds: 1 – 5 sakers – less than 5 years, 6 – 10 – from

5 to 10 years, more than 10 sakers – from 10 years

to death penalty. There is widely known 2 poach-

ers life imprisoned for illegal catching 42 sakers.

Thus the legislation provides similar punish-

ment for illegal catching, transporting and keep-

ing of sakers.

As a measure to curb the illegal falcon traffic Chi-

nese officials recommend to increase a punishment,

to improve the information exchange and co-ordi-

nation of quotas on scientific base (for countries,

authorized export of wild birds).

Kazakhstan

Dramatic increase of illegal traffic of sakers from

the Republic was at the beginning of 1990s after Ka-

zakhstan had become an independent state. During

several years the number of species in Southern and

South-Eastern Kazakhstan declined by 80–90%.

Currently after complex actions against poach-

ing and smuggling the number has been stable.

Catching sakers for commercial profit is complete-

ly prohibited. Illegal catching is punished by im-

prisonment for a period of up to 4 years and a fine

for $5100 . Detentions and lawsuits are broadly re-

ported in the press and TV.

There is the center of rare falcon «Sunkar» in the

Republic, where more than 700 chicks were bred,

315 from which were released (others according

lows will be exported for Arab market). Some num-

bers of sakers also are bred in the Alma-Ata Zoo.

Since 2004 new requirements of marking cap-

tive-bred chicks by closed rings, recommended

CITES Management Authorities.

Currently the inventory of all birds of pray, kept

in captivity, has been completed. Their owners are

drawing up certificates. Registered wild birds are

marked by microchips.

In 2003–2004 in cooperation with Russian re-

searchers large survey of the Saker range was car-

ried out (this information is available in Raptors Con-

servation 2005 ¹2). Following the results the total

number of species in the Republic is near 1800

breeding pairs. On the biggest part of the range

the number is stable, and in the regions, high

stressed by poachers in 1990s. trends to increase.

The delegate of Kazakhstan stressed one of the

main needs for conservation of populations of sak-

ers to increase of control in airports, where illegal

birds are delivered (Arab region).


Ìîíãîëèÿ

Âûñòóïëåíèå ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿ Ìîíãîëèè áûëî ïîñâÿùåíî â îñ-

íîâíîì îáùèì âîïðîñàì ïîïóëÿöèîííîé áèîëîãèè áàëîáàíà,

èçëàãàâøèìñÿ è ïðåæäå íà çàñåäàíèÿõ 19, 20, 21 Êîìèòåòà ïî

æèâîòíûì ÑÈÒÅÑ.

Â ñòðàíå ïðàêòèêóåòñÿ ýêñïîðò îòëîâëåííûõ â ïðèðîäå áàëî-

áàíîâ ïî êâîòàì, óñòàíàâëèâàåìûì íà îñíîâå ÷èñëåííîñòè ïî-

ïóëÿöèè. Êâîòà íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü 5% ÷èñëåííîñòè. Ê íåé

ïðèáàâëÿåòñÿ íåäîèñïîëüçîâàííîå êîëè÷åñòâî îñîáåé êâîòû

ïðåäûäóùåãî ãîäà. Ñòîèìîñòü îòëîâà 1 áàëîáàíà ñ öåëüþ ýêñ-

ïîðòà – 4600 $ ÑØÀ.

Ëåãàëüíûé ýêñïîðò áàëîáàíà âîçðîñ ñ 25 îñîáåé â 1996 ã. äî

385 â 2004 è 360 îñîáåé â 2005 ãã. Ïðè ýòîì èçâåñòíàÿ íåëå-

ãàëüíàÿ ñîñòàâëÿþùàÿ ýêñïîðòà ñíèçèëàñü îò 150 îñîáåé â 1990

ã. äî 6 â 2004 è 18 îñîáåé â 2005 ãã.

Îáúåäèíåííûå Àðàáñ-

êèå Ýìèðàòû

ÎÀÝ òðàäèöèîííî ÿâëÿ-

åòñÿ êëþ÷åâîé ñòðàíîé ðå-

ãèîíà Ïåðñèäñêîãî çàëèâà

â ôîðìèðîâàíèè è ðåãó-

ëèðîâàíèè ñîêîëèíîãî

ðûíêà. Ýòî îñíîâíîé

ïóíêò íàçíà÷åíèÿ ïîòîêîâ

ëåãàëüíûõ è íåëåãàëüíûõ

ñîêîëîâ. Çíà÷èòåëüíàÿ

÷àñòü ñîêîëîâ ïåðåðàñï-

ðåäåëÿåòñÿ îòñþäà â äðó-

ãèå ãîñóäàðñòâà ðåãèîíà

(ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â Ñàó-

äîâñêóþ Àðàâèþ).

Ëåãàëüíûé èìïîðò ñîêî-

ëîâ â ÎÀÝ èìååò îò÷åòëè-

âóþ òåíäåíöèþ ê ðîñòó. Â

2003 ã. ââåçåíî 1478 îñîáåé, â 2003 ã. – 2714, â 2004 ã. –

3042. Â ýòî êîëè÷åñòâî âõîäÿò êàê îòëîâëåííûå â ïðèðîäå, òàê

è ðàçâåä¸ííûå ïòèöû. Äîëÿ ïîñëåäíèõ óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ è ïðåâû-

øàåò ïîëîâèíó ïîñòàâëÿåìûõ íà ðûíîê ñîêîëîâ. Íàáëþäàåòñÿ

ïîñòåïåííàÿ ïåðåîðèåíòàöèÿ îáùåé ìàññû ñîêîëüíèêîâ íà

áîëåå äåøåâûõ, íî ïîñòîÿííî óëó÷øàþùèõñÿ ïî êà÷åñòâó ïòèö

èç ïèòîìíèêîâ.

Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûì îðãàíîì ÑÈÒÅÑ áûëè ïðèâåäåíû äàííûå

ïî çàäåðæàíèÿì ñîêîëîâ çà ïîñëåäíèå 3 ãîäà. 2003 ã. – 38 îñî-

áåé, 2004 ã. – 17 è 2005 ã. – 38. Ïðè÷èíàìè çàäåðæàíèÿ ÿâëÿ-

þòñÿ îòñóòñòâèå äîêóìåíòîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ, èõ íåâåðíîå îôîðìëåíèå

èëè ôàëüñèôèêàöèÿ.

Íåçàêîííûé ââîç îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ èç àýðîïîðòîâ ïðèìåðíî 10

ñòðàí, ñðåäè êîòîðûõ ïî êîëè÷åñòâó çàäåðæàííûõ ïòèö âûäå-

ëÿþòñÿ Óçáåêèñòàí, Êàçàõñòàí, Ìîíãîëèÿ, Òàäæèêèñòàí.

Ïî âèäîâîìó ñîñòàâó â êîíôèñêàòå ïðåîáëàäàåò áàëîáàí

(43%) è êðå÷åò (15%).

Ðîññèÿ

Â âûñòóïëåíèè îòìå÷åíû îñîáåííîñòè çàêîíîäàòåëüíîé áàçû

îõðàíû âèäîâ ñîêîëîâ, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ðîññèéñ-

êîé Ôåäåðàöèè, ïðåäñòàâëåíà èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî äåÿòåëüíîñòè

Mongolia

The report of the delegate from Mongolia was

about general aspects of population biology of sak-

ers, which sounded earlier on the 19, 20, 21 meet-

ings of Animals Committee of CITES.

Mongolia authorizes export of wild sakers ac-

cording quotas, based on population numbers. The

quota should not exceed 5% of total number plus

unclaimed part of quota of previous year. The price

of catching of one saker for export is 4600 $.

The legal trade of sakers was increased from 25

birds in 1996 to 385 in 2004 and 360 birds in 2005.

Herewith known illegal trade decreased from 150

birds in 1990 to 6 in 2004 and 18 birds 2005.

United Arab Emirates

UAE is traditional the country of general estab-

lishment and regulation of falcon trade amongst Gulf

States. It is the largest importer of legal and illegal

falcons. The main part of falcons is distributed to

other states of region (mainly in Saudi Arabia).

The trend of the legal import to UAE is increas-

ing. In 2003 1478 birds were imported, in 2003 –

2714, in 2004 – 3042. These numbers include wild

and captuve-bred birds. The portion of bred birds

is increasing and exceeds a half of all sold birds.

The biggest amount of falconers seem to gradual-

lly be preferring more cheap captive-bred birds,

the quality of which constantly increases.

CITES Management Authorities informed of con-

fiscated falcons during last 3 years. 2003 – 38

birds, 2004 – 17 and 2005 – 38. The reasons of

confiscation were absence of CITES documents,

their unfaithful registration or falsification.

The main part of illegal traffic is held through

the airports of 10 countries, amongst of which Uz-

bekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Tadzhikistan

are leading on number of smuggled birds.

Sakers (43%) and Gyrfalcons (15%) dominate

among confiscated birds.

Russia

Russian delegates noted details of laws for pro-

tection of falcons, listed in the Red Data Book of

RF, informed about the actions of the Russian Na-

ture Inspection as CITES Management Authority

and federal organ of executive authorities to con-

Êðå÷åò (Falco rusticolus) â âîëüåðå ïèòîìíèêà «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí». Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The Cyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) in an aviary of the Center‘Altai-Falcon’. Photo by I. Smelansky


Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà â êà÷åñòâå Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîãî îðãàíà ÑÈ-

ÒÅÑ è ôåäåðàëüíîãî îðãàíà èñïîëíèòåëüíîé âëàñòè ïî íàäçîðó

â ñôåðå îõðàíû è ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ

æèâîòíûõ.

Ðîññèéñêàÿ ñòîðîíà ðàçäåëèëà îçàáî÷åííîñòü ñîñòîÿíèåì ïî-

ïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà â ðÿäå ñòðàí è ñîãëàñèëàñü ñ àêòóàëüíîñòüþ ñî-

âåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ êîíòðîëüíî-íàäçîðíîãî ìåõàíèçìà çà îáîðî-

òîì ýòîãî âèäà â ñòðàíàõ àðåàëà. Îäíîâðåìåííî áûëî óêàçàíî íà

íåîáõîäèìîñòü áîëåå æåñòêîãî êîíòðîëÿ îáîðîòà ñîêîëîâ íà

àðàáñêîì ðûíêå, ñïðîñ êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ îïðåäåëÿþùèì ôàêòî-

ðîì êàê ëåãèòèìíûõ, òàê è êîíòðàáàíäíûõ ïîñòàâîê ñîêîëîâ.

Âûâîäû

1. Â àêòèâíóþ òîðãîâëþ ñîêîëàìè äëÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû âîâ-

ëå÷åíî îêîëî 20 ãîñóäàðñòâ. Å¸ ãîäîâîé îáîðîò â äåíåæíîì

âûðàæåíèè ïðåâûøàåò 10 ìëí. äîë. ÑØÀ. Êîíúþíêòóðà ðûíêà

ôîðìèðóåòñÿ àðàáñêèìè ãîñóäàðñòâàìè Ïåðñèäñêîãî çàëèâà (â

ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü Ñàóäîâñêîé Àðàâèåé è ÎÀÝ), ÿâëÿþùèìèñÿ îñ-

íîâíûìè ýêñïîðòåðàìè ñîêîëîâ.

2. Ïî ìàòåðèàëàì Ñîâåùàíèÿ è íåîôèöèàëüíûì äàííûì, ïî-

ëó÷åííûì â õîäå êîíñóëüòàöèé ñ åãî ó÷àñòíèêàìè, â òå÷åíèå

ïîñëåäíèõ ëåò â ñòðàíû Ïåðñèäñêîãî çàëèâà åæåãîäíî ââîçèòñÿ

äî 5 000 – 5 500 ñîêîëîâ. Îêîëî ïîëîâèíû èç íèõ èìåþò ëå-

ãàëüíîå ïðîèñõîæäåíèå (èç íèõ îêîëî 2 000 îñîáåé ïîñòóïàþò

èç ïèòîìíèêîâ è 500 – 600 îñîáåé îòëàâëèâàþòñÿ â ïðèðîäå ïî

ðàçðåøåíèÿì), îñòàëüíûå 2 500 – 3 000 ïòèö íåçàêîííî îòëàâ-

ëèâàþòñÿ íà ìåñòàõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ è ïðîëåòå è ââîçÿòñÿ êîíòðà-

áàíäíûì ïóòåì.

3. Îñíîâíûìè îáúåêòàìè ñóùåñòâóþùåé òîðãîâëè ñîêîëàìè

ÿâëÿþòñÿ áàëîáàí, êðå÷åò è ñàïñàí – âèäû, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ íà òåð-

ðèòîðèè Ðîññèè è çàíåñåííûå â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ðîññèéñêîé Ôå-

äåðàöèè.

Îñíîâíûìè ïîñòàâùèêàìè áàëîáàíà íà ÷¸ðíîì ðûíêå ÿâëÿ-

þòñÿ Ìîíãîëèÿ, Ïàêèñòàí è Êèòàé. Êîíòðàáàíäà èç Ðîññè è äðó-

ãèõ ñòðàí ÑÍÃ èìååò òåíäåíöèþ ê ñíèæåíèþ è äîñòèãàåò íå-

ñêîëüêèõ ñîòåí ïòèö â ãîä.

Ðîññèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãëàâíûì (ïðàêòè÷åñêè ýêñêëþçèâíûì) äîíî-

ðîì íåçàêîííî îòëîâëåííûõ êðå÷åòîâ íà ÷¸ðíîì ðûíêå. Åæå-

ãîäíî â ñòðàíû Çàëèâà ïîñòóïàåò äî 100 – 250 òàêèõ ïòèö. Ñ

ó÷¸òîì çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñìåðòíîñòè êîíòðàáàíäíûõ ñîêîëîâ âî

âðåìÿ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè, â ñðåäíåì èõ èçúÿòèå èç ïðèðîäû ìî-

æåò äîñòèãàòü 10% îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà, à äëÿ îòäåëüíûõ

ïîïóëÿöèé áûòü çíà÷èòåëüíî âûøå, ÷òî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ðåàëüíóþ

óãðîçó äëÿ èõ ñîõðàíåíèÿ.

Ñïðîñ è öåíû íà ñàïñàíà íå ñòîëü âåëèêè, êàê íà êðå÷åòà è áà-

ëîáàíà, îäíàêî ïòèöû íåêîòîðûõ ïîäâèäîâ, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ íà ñåâå-

ðå è ñåâåðî-âîñòîêå Ðîññèè, ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ïîâûøåííûé èíòåðåñ,

è èõ íåçàêîííîå èçúÿòèå ìîæåò äîñòèãàòü ñîòíè îñîáåé â ãîä.

4. Íå ñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî íà ñîêîëèíîì ðûíêå ïðåäïî÷òåíèå

ïî-ïðåæíåìó îòäàåòñÿ ïòèöàì, îòëîâëåííûì â ïðèðîäå, â ïîñ-

ëåäíèå ãîäû ñóùåñòâåííî óâåëè÷èëñÿ ñïðîñ íà ñîêîëîâ, ðàçâå-

ä¸ííûõ â ïèòîìíèêàõ. Ýòî îòêðûâàåò õîðîøèå ïåðñïåêòèâû çà-

ìåùåíèÿ äèêîëîâëåííûõ ñîêîëîâ íà ïðîäóêöèþ ïèòîìíèêîâ, ÷òî

ñëåäóåò ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê ðåàëüíûé èíñòðóìåíò ñíèæåíèÿ ïðåñ-

ñà áðàêîíüåðñêîãî îòëîâà íà ïîïóëÿöèè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ñîêîëîâ.

5. Ðîññèéñêîé Ñòîðîíîé áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû ìàòåðèàëû ïî ñî-

ñòîÿíèþ ïîïóëÿöèé è êîíòðîëþ çà ëåãàëüíûì è íåçàêîííûì îáî-

ðîòîì áàëîáàíà â Ðîññèè, â ðåçóëüòàòå êîòîðûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëè

Ðîññèè íàäåþòñÿ íà ïåðåñìîòð ðóêîâîäñòâîì ÑÈÒÅÑ âîïðîñà

îá îòíåñåíèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ê êàòåãîðèè ñòðàí, ñîñòî-

ÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà â êîòîðûõ, â ñâÿçè ñ ìåæäóíàðîäíîé

òîðãîâëåé, âûçûâàåò «îñîáóþ îçàáî÷åííîñòü».

trol a protection and regulation of using the rare

animals species.

Russian delegates expressed their concern of

current status of wild saker populations in range

states and recognized the actual providing of tech-

niques control of trafficking this species in the

range states. In the same time they stressed the

need to increase control of falcon trade on Arab

markets, demand of which are the main defining

factor for legal and illegal import of falcons.

Conclusions

1. Near 20 States are involved in the significant

trade of falcons for falconry. Every year size of its

trade exceeds $10 000 000. Gulf States as the main

exporters of falcons (especially Saudi Arabia and

UAE) and formed the market of these species.

2. Following the meeting reports and unofficial

information, given from consultations with par-

ticipants, during last years in near 5 000 – 5 500

falcons are imported in Gulf States every year. Near

a half of they are legal (2 000 birds from which

are moved from breeding centers and 500 – 600

wild birds are catching on permits), other 2 500 –

3 000 birds are poached on breeding territories

or during migrations and smuggled.

3. The main objects of falcon trade are Sakers,

Gyrfalcons and Peregrine Falcons, breeding in

Russia and included in the Red Data Book of RF.

The main illegal exporters of sakers are Mon-

golia, Pakistan and China. Illegal traffic from Rus-

sia and other States of former USSR trends to

decrease and reaches several hundreds birds

per year.

Russia is the main exporter (single in practice)

of smuggled Gyrfalcons in the illicit trade. Every

year in Gulf States ïîñòóïàåò äî 100 – 250 ille-

gal birds. Taking into account the significant

death-rate of illegal falcons during transportation,

illegal removing of birds from wild can exceeds

10% at average of the total number of species,

but for some population can be higher, that is a

real threat for their existence.

Demand and prices of peregrine falcons are not

so large than gyrfalcons and sakers, however

birds of several subspecies, breeding on the north

and north-east of Russia are very demanded, and

their illegal catching can exceeds near a hundred

birds per year.

4. In spite of that wild bird are preferred on

falcon markets, last years demand for captive-

bred falcons has increased. There are may be the

well prospects for removing of wild falcons by

captive-breeding, thus it may be the real instru-

ment for decreasing of poaching of rare species

of falcons.

5. Russian officials reported of population sta-

tus and control for legal and illegal trade Saker

Falcon in Russia, following which they hoped on

revising of the conclusion CITES Management

Authorities categorize the Russian Federation as

country «of urgent concern».

Îáçîðû è êîììåíòàðèèÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2006, 516

Aëòàéñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrugmilvipes) ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû – ñèìâîë ïè-òîìíèêà «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí». Ôîòî È. Ñìå-

ëÿíñêîãî

The dark morph of the Altai Saker Falcon

(Falco cherrug milvipes) is the symbol ofthe Center ‘Altai-Falcon’. Photo by I. Sme-lansky

18 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. â ðåçóëüòà-òå îïåðàòèâíî-ðîçûñêíûõìåðîïðèÿòèé ñîòðóäíèêèÃîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé òàìîæíèñîâìåñòíî ñ ïîãðàíè÷íèêàìèïðåñåêëè ïîïûòêó íåçàêîí-íîãî ïåðåìåùåíèÿ èç Ìîí-ãîëèè íà òåððèòîðèþ Ðîññèè19 áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug).11 ïòèö áûëè âûïóùåíû íàâîëþ ÷åðåç íåñêîëüêî äíåéïîñëå çàäåðæàíèÿ, à 5 èç íèõ,îñëàáëåííûõ, êîòîðûå íåñìîãëè óëåòåòü, áûëè ïðèâå-çåíû â ã. Áàðíàóë è ïåðåäàíûâ Ïèòîìíèê ðåäêèõ ïòèö «Àë-òàé-Ôàëüêîí» (Ïåðíàòûå õèù-íèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2005, ¹ 3).Â ñåíòÿáðå íàø ñïåöèàëüíûéêîððåñïîíäåíò Ýëüâèðà Íè-êîëåíêî ïîñåòèëà ïèòîìíèê èâçÿëà èíòåðâüþ ó çàìåñòèòåëÿäèðåêòîðà öåíòðà ÂèêòîðàÍèêîëàåâè÷à Ïëîòíèêîâà.

Â êàêîì ñîñòîÿíèè íàõî-äÿòñÿ ñåé÷àñ êîíôèñêî-

âàííûå ïòèöû?Êîãäà èõ ïðèâåçëè, ïòèöû áûëè î÷åíü

ñëàáû. Ñåé÷àñ îíè óæå â õîðîøåì ñîñòî-ÿíèè. Ïî-õîðîøåìó, èõ ïîðà îòïóñêàòü íàâîëþ, òàê êàê îíè ïîëíîñòüþ âîññòàíîâè-ëèñü. Åñëè äîëãî ñîäåðæàòü èõ â ïèòîìíè-êå – ó íèõ áóäåò òåðÿòüñÿ íàâûê îõîòû âäèêîé ïðèðîäå. Åñëè æå èõ âûïóñòèòü ýòîéîñåíüþ, òî ê âåñíå îíè ñìîãóò îáðàçîâàòüïàðû è ïðèñòóïèòü ê ðàçìíîæåíèþ.

Ó âàñ ïåðâûé ðàç ïîìåùàþò êîíôèñ-êîâàííûõ íà òàìîæíå ïòèö?

Íåò, äàëåêî íå ïåðâûé. Â 1997 ã. 8 ïòèöáûëî êîíôèñêîâàíî â Îìñêå, è ïåðåäàíî

Reviews� and� Comments

ОБЗОРЫ�И�КОММЕНТАРИИ

‘Altai-Falcon’�today

«АЛТАЙ-ФАЛЬКОН»�СЕГОДНЯ

Interview�with�V.N.�Plotnilov�(The�Center�of�the�Rare�Birds�‘Altai-Falcon’,

Barnaul,�Russia)

The�reporter�is�E.G.�Nikolenko�(Siberian�Environmental�Center,�Novosibirsk,�Russia)

Интервью�с�В.Н.�Плотни�овым�(Питомни��ред�их�птиц�«Алтай-Фаль�он»,

Барна$л,�Россия)

Бесед$�вела�Э.Г.�Ни�олен�о�(МБОО�«Сибирс�ий�э�оло/ичес�ий�центр»,

Новосибирс�,�Россия)

On the 18 of August 2005 officers of theGorno-Altaisk Customs, with the help of theborder guards, have intercepted an attemptof illegal smuggling of 19 Sakers (Falco cher-rug) from Mongolia to the territory of Rus-sia. A total of 11 birds were released afterseveral days in custody. Five falcons, whichwere not able to fly, were transferred to Bar-naul to the Center of the Rare Birds ‘Altai-Falcon’ (Raptors Conservation, 2005 ¹ 3).

In September our special correspondent,Elvira Nikolenko visited the Center and in-terviewed the Deputy Director of the cent-er Victor N. Plotnikov.

What are the conditions of the confis-cated birds now?

When they had been brought, the birds werevery weak. Now they are in good condition.

Is this the first time when confiscatedbirds were transferred by custom to you?

No, far from the first. In 1997 8 birds wereconfiscated in Omsk and given to us. Thatyear also in Novosibirsk a party consistingof more than 30 birds was arrested. In 200326 birds confiscated in Moscow, and theMoscow Falcon Center brought them to usto be released in the Altai Kray.

How will the futures of these 5 falcons,confiscated this year, be?

Now we are waiting instructions from theGorno-Altaisk customs. After the quarantineperiod the birds will be released, but onlyafter litigation, as they are, in fact «the evi-dence». How long the criminal litigation willlast, nobody knows.

Tell about you breeding center, how wasit organized?

In 1986 several biologists made an initia-tive to organize a zoo in Barnaul. The spe-cial place had been assigned, but finances

Êîíòàêò:

Âèêòîð Í. ÏëîòíèêîâÏèòîìíèê ðåäêèõ ïòèö«Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí»Çàì. äèðåêòîðà656065 Ðîññèÿã. Áàðíàóë, óë. Ïîïîâàä. 118, êâ. [email protected]

Ýëüâèðà ÍèêîëåíêîÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547òåë.: (383) 339 78 [email protected]

Reviews and Comments Raptors Conservation 2006, 5 17

íàì. Äâå èç íèõ, ïî ðàçðåøåíèþ, ìû îñòà-âèëè ñåáå, 6 – âûïóñòèëè â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå.Â òîì æå ãîäó â Íîâîñèáèðñêå áûëà çà-äåðæàíà ïàðòèÿ áîëåå 30 ïòèö, ïîñëå ïå-ðåäåðæêè ó íàñ èõ òîæå âûïóñòèëè â Àë-òàéñêîì êðàå. Îäíàæäû â 2003 ã. ñþäàïðèâåçëè ïòèö èç Ìîñêîâñêîãî ñîêîëè-íîãî öåíòðà äëÿ âûïóñêà â Àëòàéñêîìêðàå – ýòî áûëè 26 ïòèö, êîíôèñêîâàí-íûå â Ìîñêâå.

Êàê ðåøèòñÿ ñóäüáà ýòèõ 5 ñîêîëîâ,êîíôèñêîâàííûõ â ýòîì ãîäó?

Ñåé÷àñ ìû æä¸ì ðàñïîðÿæåíèé îò Ãîð-íî-Àëòàéñêîé òàìîæíè. Ó ïòèö çàêàí÷èâà-åòñÿ êàðàíòèí, èõ ìîæíî áóäåò âûïóñ-òèòü… Íî êàê äîëãî áóäåò òÿíóòüñÿ äåëî,íèêòî íå çíàåò. Ïòèöû ñîäåðæàòñÿ ïîëíîñ-

for the building process were not. That timethe idea of organizing a center for the breed-ing of rare birds came up. It was establishedin 1991 on the base of the Salair state hunt-ing management agency. The first birdswere caught on the territory of the Republicof Altai and the Altai Kray.

Do you sell falcons?Yes. In 1996 we got permission for the

sale of falcons.What is the state of the center now and

what is the main goal of it functions?Now the center keeps falcons, hawks,

eagles and some other raptors. In general,hunters pass birds, often they bring the sickor injured birds. The main aim of the centeris the breeding of rare falconry birds andthe promotion of falconry. Besides the cent-er is the educational base for students – bi-ologists of the Altai State University andAltai Agrarian State University. Every yearwe release birds into the wild.

How are birds gotten ready to be re-leased?

We use hacking.How many birds have been released?On average from 10 to 50 birds annually.Tell, please, where do you release the

birds?At first, in 1996, we erected the artificial

hack sites with chicks on a rock in the Ust-Kanskaya steppe (Republic of Altai). Thattime 8 birds were released. In 2003 nearly40 birds were released, including 10 falconsin the Tigirekskiy Reserve.

Do you try to know how your birds aresurviving in the wild?

It’s very difficult and we do not care es-pecially about it.

Is this year successful for you?This year is more or less usual: we have

bred and grown up more than a hundredfalcons – sakers and hybrids. 15 birds aregetting ready for release.

The comment of editors:On the 14 of November 2005 the Center

of the Rare Birds ‘Altai-Falcon’ released 15falcons in Altai kray.

On the 24 of November 2005 five falcons,confiscated on 18 August, were released un-der the sanction of the Office of Public Pros-ecutor Kosh-Agachskiy region in connectionwith the end of the criminal case on the factof smuggling.

ßñòðåá òåòåðåâÿòíèê(Accipiter gentilis) â ïè-òîìíèêå «Àëòàé-Ôàëü-êîí». Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

The Goshawk (Accipiter

gentilis) in the Center ‘Al-tai-Falcon’. Photo by E.Nikolenko

Contact:

Viktor N. PlotnikovThe Center of the RareBirds ‘Altai-Falcon’Deputy directorPopova str., 118–430Barnaul656065 [email protected]

Elvira NikolenkoNGO SiberianEnviromental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax: (383) 339 78 [email protected]

Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî â ïèòîìíèêå «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí». Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

Elvira Nikolenko in the Center of the Rare Birds ‘Altai-Falcon’. Photo by I. Smelansky

òüþ çà íàø ñ÷¸ò. Ìû áû õîòåëè ïðîñèòü ðàç-ðåøåíèå îñòàâèòü ñåáå õîòÿ áû îäíó èõ íèõ.

Ðàññêàæèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, î âàøåì ïè-òîìíèêå, êàê îí ñîçäàâàëñÿ?

Èñòîðèÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïèòîìíèêà íà÷àëàñü â1986 ã., êîãäà íåñêîëüêî áèîëîãîâ âûñòó-ïèëè ñ èíèöèàòèâîé ñîçäàíèÿ â ã. Áàðíàó-ëå çîîïàðêà. Íà÷èíàíèå áûëî ïîääåðæà-íî âëàñòÿìè, íî, ê ñîæàëåíèþ, òîëüêî íàñëîâàõ. Õîòÿ áûëî óæå âûäåëåíî ìåñòî, íîôèíàíñèðîâàíèå ýòîé ðàáîòû òàê è íå íà-

÷àëîñü. Íàì áûëè èíòåðåñíûêîíêðåòíûå ãðóïïû æèâîòíûõ– ðåäêèå âèäû ïòèö. Òîãäà èïîÿâèëàñü èäåÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïè-òîìíèêà ðåäêèõ ïòèö. È â1991 ã. ïèòîìíèê áûë ñîçäàííà áàçå Ñàëàèðñêîãî ãîñïðîì-õîçà. Ïåðâûå ïòèöû áûëè îò-ëîâëåíû íà òåððèòîðèè Ðåñ-

Îáçîðû è êîììåíòàðèèÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2006, 518

ïóáëèêè Àëòàé è Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, ìû ñàìèîòëàâëèâàëè èëè áðàëè ïòåíöîâ èç ãí¸çä,êîå-÷òî ïîëó÷èëè ïî îáìåíó èç äðóãèõ ïè-òîìíèêîâ ñòðàíû.

Âû ïðîäà¸òå ñîêîëîâ?Äà. Ñ 1996 ã. íàì ðàçðåøèëè ïðîäàâàòü.×òî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïèòîìíèê

ñåé÷àñ, êàêîâû îñíîâíûå öåëè åãî ñó-ùåñòâîâàíèÿ?

Ñåé÷àñ â ïèòîìíèêå ñîäåðæàòñÿ äàëåêîíå òîëüêî ñîêîëà. Åñòü ÿñòðåáà, áåðêóò, îð-ëàí, ñòåïíîé îð¸ë, äîìîâûå ñû÷è, äàæåáåëîãîëîâûé ñèï. Â îñíîâíîì, ïòèöû ïî-ñòóïàþò îò îõîòíèêîâ, îíè ïðèíîñÿò ïîä-ðàíåííûõ èëè áîëüíûõ. Îñíîâíàÿ öåëüïèòîìíèêà – ðàçâåäåíèå ðåäêèõ ëîâ÷èõïòèö è ïðîïàãàíäà îõîòû ñ ëîâ÷èìè ïòèöà-ìè – êàê ñîêîëàìè, òàê è ÿñòðåáàìè. Ñåé-÷àñ ñ êàæäûì ãîäîì òàêàÿ îõîòà ïîëüçóåò-ñÿ âñ¸ áîëüøèì ñïðîñîì. Êðîìå òîãî,ïèòîìíèê ÿâëÿåòñÿ ó÷åáíîé áàçîé äëÿ ñòó-äåíòîâ-áèîëîãîâ áàðíàóëüñêèõ óíèâåðñè-òåòîâ: Àëòàéñêîãî è Àëòàéñêîãî àãðàðíî-ãî. À ïîòîì, âûðàùèâàíèå ïòèö – ýòîïðîñòî çàíÿòèå äëÿ äóøè, åæåãîäíî ìû âû-ïóñêàåì ïòèö â ïðèðîäó.

À êàê ïðîèñõîäèò ïîäãîòîâêà ïòèöûê âûïóñêó?

Îñíîâíàÿ ìåòîäèêà, êîòîðóþ ìû èñïîëü-çóåì, ýòî õåêèíã. Õåê – ýòî ÿùèê, èñêóññò-âåííîå ãíåçäî, óñòàíîâëåííîå ðÿäîì ñ ïè-

òîìíèêîì íà âûñîêîé ñîñíå.Ñàäèì ïòåíöîâ â âîçðàñòå 1ìåñÿöà (äî ýòîãî èõ âûðàùè-âàþò ðîäèòåëè) â õåê, è 2 ðàçàâ äåíü íàø ñîòðóäíèê êëàä¸òâ îêîøå÷êî åäó, òàê, ÷òîáûïòèöû åãî íå âèäåëè, ÷òîáûíå ïðèâûêëè ê ÷åëîâåêó. Ââîçðàñòå 2-õ ìåñÿöåâ ïåðå-äíÿÿ ñòåíêà õåêà îòêðûâàåò-ñÿ. Ïòåíöû äåëàþò ïåðâûåäâèæåíèÿ êðûëüÿìè è, â êîí-öå êîíöîâ, ñëåòàþò. Íà òðà-

âå ïîä õåêîì âûêàøèâàåòñÿ ïëîùàäêà, òàêæå ðåãóëÿðíî âûêëàäûâàåòñÿ åäà. Ïîòîìîòëàâëèâàåì ëó÷øèõ ãîëóáåé, ïðîëå÷èâà-åì èõ, ÷òîáû íå áûëî íèêàêîé çàðàçû, èïðèâÿçûâàåì ïîä õåêîì, ÷òîáû ñîêîëà ó÷è-ëèñü áðàòü æèâóþ äîáû÷ó. Ïîòîì, ñìîò-ðèøü – èñ÷åç, óëåòåë, ïîòîì ïðèëåòåë ñû-òûé, óæå ãäå-òî íàó÷èëñÿ è ïîéìàë êîãî-òî.Òàê è óëåòàþò. Ýòî êîãäà âûïóñê ïðîèñõî-äèò ïðÿìî ó ïèòîìíèêà.

Òàê ñêîëüêî ïòèö áûëî âûïóùåíî çàýòî âðåìÿ?

Â ñðåäíåì îò 10 äî 50 ïòèö åæåãîäíî.Ðàññêàæèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ãäå åù¸ âû

âûïóñêàåòå ïòèö?Çà 9 ëåò áûëè ðàçíûå ìåñòà. Âûïóñê ïðî-

õîäèë â ðàçíûå ãîäû ïî-ðàçíîìó, òàêæå âîâðåìÿ òðåíèðîâîê ïåðèîäè÷åñêè ïòèöûóëåòàëè, âñåõ è íå óïîìíèøü. Ïåðâûé ðàç,â 1996 ã., óñòàíîâèëè õåê íà ñêàëó â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé ñòåïè (Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé) è âûïó-ñòèëè 8 ïòèö. Â 2003 è 2004 ãã. âûïóñêàëèâ Òèãèðåêñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå. 2003 ãîäó òàìáûëî âûïóùåíî ïî ðàçðåøåíèþ 10 ïòèö, èåù¸ îêîëî 30 áûëè âûïóùåíû â ðàâíèí-íîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ.

Âû ïûòàëèñü êàê-òî ïðîñëåäèòü, êàêâàøè ïòèöû ïðèæèâàþòñÿ â ïðèðîäå?

Ýòî òðóäíî, ñïåöèàëüíî ìû ýòèì íå çà-íèìàåìñÿ. Èíîãäà íàì ñîîáùàëè çíàêîìûåîõîòíèêè, ÷òî âèäåëè íàøèõ ïòèö – âûïó-ùåííûì ïòèöàì ìû íàäåâàåì öâåòíûåêîëüöà – íî òàêèå ñâåäåíèÿ ïðèõîäÿò êðàé-íå ðåäêî. Áûëè ñëó÷àè, ÷òî ïòèöó ñ íàøèìêîëüöîì ïðèíîñèëè íàì ÷åðåç ãîä, äðó-ãîé ïîñëå âûïóñêà… Ìû íàäååìñÿ, ÷òîáîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü èç íèõ âûæèâàþò è âåäóòíîðìàëüíûé îáðàç æèçíè â ïðèðîäå. Ìî-ëîäûå ïòèöû áûñòðî ïðèó÷àþòñÿ ñàìîñòî-ÿòåëüíî äîáûâàòü ïèùó, áûëè ñëó÷àè, êîã-äà ïòèöû óëåòàëè â âîçðàñòå 2 ëåò, à ìû èõïîòîì âèäåëè.

Íàñêîëüêî óñïåøåí ó âàñ ýòîò ãîä?Ýòîò ãîä áîëåå èëè ìåíåå îáû÷åí: ó íàñ

âûâåëîñü è âûðîñëî áîëüøå ñîòíè ñîêîëîâ– êàê áàëîáàíîâ, òàê è ãèáðèäîâ: ó íàñ åñòüóñïåøíûå ïàðû êðå÷åòà ñ áàëîáàíîì.Îáû÷íî ó áàëîáàíà 4–5 äî 6 ÿèö, íàì óäà-¸òñÿ ïîëó÷àòü äî 16 îò îäíîé ïàðû çà ñå-çîí. Âîò ñåé÷àñ 15 ïòèö ãîòîâû ê âûïóñêó.

Êîììåíòàðèé ðåäàêöèè:14 íîÿáðÿ 2005 ã. 15 ñîêîëîâ, âûðàùåí-

íûõ â ïèòîìíèêå «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí», áûëèâûïóùåíû íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ.

24 íîÿáðÿ 2005 ã., ïî ðàçðåøåíèþ ïðî-êóðàòóðû Êîø-Àãà÷ñêîãî ðàéîíà â ñâÿçè ñçàâåðøåíèåì óãîëîâíîãî äåëà ïî ôàêòóêîíòðàáàíäû, 5 ñîêîëîâ, êîíôèñêîâàííûõ18 àâãóñòà, áûëè âûïóùåíû íà âîëþ.

Ïàðà ñîêîëîâ â âîëüåðå.Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

A pair of falcons in an avi-ary. Photo by E. Nikolenko

Ñêîðëóïà ÿèö, èç êîòî-ðûõ âåñíîé 2005 ã. â ïè-òîìíèêå âûâåëèñü ñîêî-ëà. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

The shells of the eggs,what falcons were hatch-ing in spring in the Cent-er ‘Altai-Falcon’. Photo byE. Nikolenko

Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2006, 5 19

Â 2005 ã. â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè â ðàìêàõ àêöèè Ñî-þçà îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè«Ñîâà – ïòèöà 2005 ãîäà» ïðî-âåäåíû ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî ñî-çäàíèþ óñëîâèé äëÿ óâåëè÷å-íèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîâ, â òîì÷èñëå çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþêíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà-ñòè, ïóò¸ì ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ íàèñêóññòâåííûå ãí¸çäà.

Äàííàÿ ðàáîòà áûëà ïðî-ôèíàíñèðîâàíà îáëàñòíûì Ýêîôîíäîì èÊîîðäèíàöèîííûì öåíòðîì Ñîþçà îõðà-íû ïòèö Ðîññèè, â ðàìêàõ ðåàëèçàöèè ïðî-åêòîâ «Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ áèîòåõ-

Activity for attracting owls in nest boxes asan action of Russian Bird Conservation Un-ion «Owl – Bird of Russia in 2005» have beenhold in the N. Novgorod district in 2005.

During that activity 570 owl nest boxeswere installed (including 265 boxes in Mart,2005). Nest boxes were installed in 22 regionsof the N. Novgorod district (fig. 1, table 1).

In June-July 114 nest boxes installed inspring 2005 were checked up. Long-earedOwls (Asio otus) had successful bred in twonest baskets.

Actions�for�attracting�owls�in�nestboxes�in�the�N.Novgorod�district

in�2005

МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ�ПО�ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЮ�СОВ�В�ИСКУССТВЕННЫЕГНЁЗДА�В�2005�Г.�В�НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ�ОБЛАСТИ

S.V.�Bakka�(State�Nature�Reserve�‘Kerzhensky’,�N.Novgorod,�Russia)

N.Yu.�Kiseleva,�L.M.�Novikova�(Russian�Bird�Conservation�Union,�N.Novgorod�Brunch,

Russia)

С.В.�Ба��а�(Керженс�ий�заповедни�,�Н.Нов/ород,�Россия)

Н.Ю.�Киселёва,�Л.М.�Нови�ова�(Ниже/ородс�ое�отделение�Союза�охраны�птиц

России,�Н.Нов/ород,�Россия)

Raptors� Conservation

ОХРАНА� ПЕРНАТЫХ� ХИЩНИКОВ

Êîíòàêò:

Ñåðãåé ÁàêêàÇàïîâåäíèê«Êåðæåíñêèé»603134 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîñòèíà 2, îô. 162òåë.: +7 (8312) 34 08 32ôàêñ: +7 (8312) [email protected]

Contact:

Sergey BakkaState Nature Reserve‘Kerzhensky’Kostina str., 2, of. 162N. Novgorod603134 Russiatel.: +7 (8312) 34 08 32fax: +7 (8312) 34 09 [email protected]

Òàáë. 1. Òèïû óñòàíîâëåííûõ èñêóññòâåííûõ ãí¸çääëÿ ñîâ

Table 1. Types of installed owl nestboxes

Ïòåíöû óøàñòîé ñîâû(Asio otus) îêîëî ãíåçäà.Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Long-EaredOwl (Asio otus) near thenest. Photo by I. Karyakin

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2006, 520

íè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé äëÿ ñîâ» è ïðî-ãðàììû «Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåð-ðèòîðèè Ðîññèè», ïîääåðæàííîé Îáùå-ñòâîì îõðàíû ïòèö ÍèäåðëàíäîâVogelbesherming Nederland/BirdLifeInternational.

Â 22 ðàéîíàõ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòèñèëàìè ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, à òàêæå àêòèâèñòîâîõðàíû ïðèðîäû èç ÷èñëà ìåñòíîãî íàñå-ëåíèÿ áûëà îðãàíèçîâàíà óñòàíîâêà 570èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé äëÿ ñîâ (â òîì÷èñëå 265 ãí¸çä â ìàðòå 2005 ã.) (ðèñ. 1,òàáë. 1).

114 ãí¸çä, óñòàíîâëåííûõ âåñíîé 2005ã., áûëè ïðîâåðåíû â èþíå-àâãóñòå. Â äâóõêîðçèíàõ (â Âàðíàâèíñêîì è Ñåì¸íîâñêîìðàéîíàõ) óñïåøíî îòãíåçäèëèñü óøàñòûåñîâû (Asio otus). Çàñåë¸ííîñòü èñêóññòâåí-íûõ ãí¸çä â ãîä ðàçâåøèâàíèÿ ñîñòàâèëà1,75 %. Íèçêàÿ çàñåë¸ííîñòü, âî-ïåðâûõ,îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ òåì, ÷òî â 2005 ã., â ñâÿçè ñäåïðåññèåé ÷èñëåííîñòè ãðûçóíîâ, ÷èñëåí-

íîñòü ïåðåë¸òíûõ âèäîâ ñîâ (óøàñòàÿ, áî-ëîòíàÿ) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè áûëàêðàéíå íèçêîé, à ìíîãèå ïàðû îñ¸äëûõâèäîâ ñîâ (ñû÷è, íåÿñûòè), âåðîÿòíî, íåãíåçäèëèñü. Âî-âòîðûõ, îñ¸äëûå âèäû ñîâçàíèìàþò ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè â îñíîâíîìîñåíüþ è â íà÷àëå çèìû, ïîýòîìó âåðîÿò-íîñòü çàñåëåíèÿ èìè èñêóññòâåííîãî ãíåç-äà â ãîä ðàçâåøèâàíèÿ ìèíèìàëüíà.

Â äàëüíåéøåì ìîæíî îæèäàòü óâåëè÷å-íèå çàíÿòîñòè èñêóññòâåííûõ ãí¸çä. Ñ öå-ëüþ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïðîâå-ä¸ííûõ áèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé âÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè öåëåñîîáðàçíîîðãàíèçîâàòü ìîíèòîðèíã çàñåë¸ííîñòèèñêóññòâåííûõ ãí¸çä.

Ðèñ. 1. Êàðòà ðåàëèçàöèè ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ðàçâåøè-âàíèþ èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé äëÿ ñîâ â 2005 ã. âÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè

Fig. 1. The distribution of installed owl nestboxes in2005 in the N.Novgorod district

Øêîëüíèêè ñ ãíåçäîâûìèÿùèêàìè äëÿ ñîâ. Ôîòîïðåäîñòàâëåíî Í. Êèñå-ë¸âîé

School children with owlnest boxes. Photo from N.Kiseleva

Øêîëüíèêè ñ êîðçèíàìèäëÿ ñîâ. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâ-ëåíî Í. Êèñåë¸âîé

School children with owlbaskets. Photo from N.Kiseleva

Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2006, 5 21

Êîíòàêò:

Ðèíóð ÁåêìàíñóðîâÍàöèîíàëüíûé ïàðê«Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà»423600 ÐîññèÿÒàòàðñòàíã. Åëàáóãàóë. Íåôòÿíèêîâ 175òåë.: +7 (855 57) [email protected]@yandex.ru

Contact:

Rinur BekmansurovNational Park‘Nizhnyaya Kama’Heftyannikov str., 175ElabugaRepublic of Tatarstan423600 Russiatel.: +7 (855 57) [email protected]@yandex.ru

At the moment a total of 7 species of owlsare known in the territory of the National Park‘Nizhnyaya Kama’ out of 12 breeding spe-cies recorded in the Republic of Tatarstan.

In order to increase the numbers of owlsin the territory of the Park in 2005 we setup 16 wooden nest boxes for owls: 5 box-es were designed for the Ural Owl (Strixuralensis), 6 – for the Tawny Owl (Strix alu-co), 5 – for the Tengmalm’s Owl (Aegoliusfunereus). The majority of owl-boxes wereinstalled in a 60 – 80 year old pine-forest,where old-grown hollow trees were absent.In addition 11 artificial nests for the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) were installed. Thanksto the early installation of the artificial nestsin 2005 the Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium pas-serinum) previously not known to occur inthe National Park was noted to use a nest-ing box. While checking nest boxes for titsand starlings in two study plots in the MaliyBor (plot ¹ 1) and the Tanayskiy forest (plot¹ 2) we found a food cache of the PygmyOwl in a starling nest box (diameter of holewas 5 – 6 sm).

Íà òåððèòîðèè íàöèîíàëüíî-ãî ïàðêà «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà» äîíåäàâíåãî âðåìåíè áûëî èç-âåñòíî îáèòàíèå 7 âèäîâ ñîâèç 12, îáèòàþùèõ â Òàòàðèè.

Äëÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñ-òè ñîâ íà òåððèòîðèè íàöïàð-êà â 2005 ã. áûëè ðàçâåøåíû16 äóïëÿíîê òð¸õ òèïîâ: 5 äóï-ëÿíîê äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íå-ÿñûòè (Strix uralensis), 6 – äëÿñåðîé íåÿñûòè (Strix aluco) è5 – äëÿ ìîõíîíîãîãî ñû÷à(Aegolius funereus). Òàêæåáûëè ðàçâåøàíû 11 èñêóññò-âåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé äëÿ óøàñòîéñîâû (Asio otus), èçãîòîâëåííûå èç æåëåç-íûõ è ïëàñòèêîâûõ â¸äåð. Êîîðäèíàòûãíåçäîâèé áûëè çàôèêñèðîâàíû ïðè ïî-ìîùè ñïóòíèêîâîãî íàâèãàòîðà (ðèñ. 1).

Áëàãîäàðÿ ïðîâîäèâøèìñÿ ðàííåå ìåðîï-ðèÿòèÿì ïî ðàçâåøèâàíèþ èñêóññòâåííûõãíåçäîâèé äëÿ âîðîáüèíûõ, â 2005 ã. ñïèñîêñîâîîáðàçíûõ ïàðêà áûë ïîïîëíåí âîðîáüè-íûì ñû÷èêîì (Glaucidium passerinum). Ïðèïðîâåðêå çàñåëÿåìîñòè ñèíè÷íèêîâ è ñêâî-ðå÷íèêîâ íà äâóõ èññëåäóåìûõ ó÷àñòêàõïàðêà â Ìàëîì áîðó (ó÷àñòîê ¹ 1) è Òà-íàéñêîì ëåñó (ó÷àñòîê ¹ 2) â ñîäåðæèìîì÷àñòè ñêâîðå÷íèêîâ (äèàìåòð ëåòêà 5 – 6ñì) áûëè îáíàðóæåíû çàïàñû ñû÷èêà.

Íà ó÷. ¹1 â àïðåëå 2004 ã. áûëè âûâå-øåíû 33 ñèíè÷íèêà è ñêâîðå÷íèêà. Ïðèïðîâåðêå è ÷èñòêå äîìèêîâ â îêòÿáðå 2004ã. â îäíîì ñêâîðå÷íèêå áûëà îáíàðóæåíàòóøêà ïîë¸âêè. À ïðè ïðîâåðêå â îêòÿá-ðå-íîÿáðå 2005 ã. óæå â òð¸õ ñêâîðå÷íè-êàõ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû çàïàñû ñû÷èêà. Âïåðâîì – 1 êðîò, âî âòîðîì – ñåðàÿ êðûñà,â òðåòüåì – áîëüøîé ï¸ñòðûé äÿòåë.

Íà ó÷. ¹2 â àïðåëå 2005 ã. áûëè âûâå-øåíû 10 ñêâîðå÷íèêîâ è ñèíè÷íèêîâ. Ïðèïðîâåðêå è ÷èñòêå äîìèêîâ â íîÿáðå áûëèîáíàðóæåíû çàïàñû èç òóøåê ìûøåâèäíûõãðûçóíîâ è áóðîçóáîê â òð¸õ ñêâîðå÷íèêàõ:51 øò. (â îñíîâíîì ðûæàÿ ïîë¸âêà), 19 øò. è1 øò. ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ôàêòîâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñû-÷èêà â ñêâîðå÷íèêàõ íå âûÿâëåíî.

Actions�for�attracting�of�owls�to�artificial�nests�in�the�National�Park

‘Nizhnyaya�Kama’

МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ�ПО�ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЮ�СОВ�В�ИСКУССТВЕННЫЕГНЕЗДОВЬЯ�В�НАЦИОНАЛЬНОМ�ПАРКЕ�«НИЖНЯЯ�КАМА»

Rinur�Bekmansurov�(National�Park�‘Nizhnyaya�Kama’,�Republic�of�Tatarstan,�Russia)

Рин$р�Бе�манс$ров�(Национальный�Пар��«Нижняя�Кама»,�Респ$бли�а�Татарстан,

Россия)

Ðèñ. 1. Ðàçìåùåíèå èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé äëÿ ñîâíà òåððèòîðèè Íàöïàðêà «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà»

Fig. 1. Locations of artificial nests for owls in the Na-tional Park ‘Nizhnyaya Kama’

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2006, 522

The purpose of the paper is to summarizethe information of owl numbers and the dis-tribution in the Nizhniy Novgorod districtin order to prepare a State Wild Animalslist of the Nizhniy Novgorod district.

The owl numbers and distribution werestudied in several papers, (Kirpichnikov,1915; Serebrovskiy, 1918; Puzanov & all.,1955; Vorontsov, 1967; Zimin, 1974). Inaddition we used skin collections of Zoo-logical museums of the state Universities inMoscow and N. Novgorod, and Historicaland architectural museum of N. Novgorod.Also data of owl sighting records in the N.Novgorod district in 1985–2004 were ana-lyzed. In 2005 special surveys of owls asactions of the RBCU ‘The Owl – Bird of Rus-sia in 2005’ were carried out in 15 regionsof the N. Novgorod district. Owl mating-callswere registered in March-May, provoked bythe playback of owl call recordings (Voro-netskiy & all., 1989; Karyakin, 2004). In Julywe registered broods, staying in or near thebreeding areas (Karyakin, 2004). For 20 yearsthe total length of the survey routes wasmore than 1000 km, and surveyed territorywas about 2000 km2, taking in account thatin 2005 more than a quarter of all surveyswere carried out (table 1).

Snow Owl – Nyctea scandiaca (L.) a rath-er common winter and rare summer vagrant– in the N. Novgorod district. We estimat-ed that in different years its numbers fluctu-ate from 1 to 100.

Eagle Owl – Bubo bubo (L.) – was notrare before the middle of the twentieth cen-

Ñîâîîáðàçíûå – îäíà èç íàèáîëåå ñëîæ-íûõ äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ ãðóïï, ïîýòîìó â Íè-æåãîðîäñêîì Ïîâîëæüå ïîïûòêè èññëå-äîâàíèÿ ýòèõ ïòèö ôðàãìåíòàðíû èíåìíîãî÷èñëåííû. Àâòîðû ðåãèîíàëüíûõôàóíèñòè÷åñêèõ ñâîäîê (Ñåðåáðîâñêèé,1918; Êèðïè÷íèêîâ, 1915; Ïóçàíîâ è äð.,1955; Çèìèí, 1974), õàðàêòåðèçóÿ ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ñîâ, îãðà-íè÷èâàþòñÿ åäèíè÷íûìè ôàêòàìè íàõî-äîê è ñóáúåêòèâíûìè îöåíêàìè («îáû÷íûé,øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûé âèä», «íåðåä-êî âñòðå÷àþùèéñÿ âèä» è ò.ï.).

Öåëüþ äàííîé ðàáîòû ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáîáùå-íèå èíôîðìàöèè î ÷èñëåííîñòè è ðàñïðî-ñòðàíåíèè ñîâ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòèäëÿ âêëþ÷åíèÿ â Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé êàäàñòðæèâîòíîãî ìèðà Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè.

Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäèêà

Íàìè áûëè ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû äàííûå,îïóáëèêîâàííûå â îñíîâíûõ ôàóíèñòè÷åñ-êèõ ñâîäêàõ (Êèðïè÷íèêîâ, 1915; Ñåðåá-ðîâñêèé, 1918; Ïóçàíîâ è äð., 1955; Âî-ðîíöîâ, 1967; Çèìèí, 1974), à òàêæåìàòåðèàëû êîëëåêöèé Çîîëîãè÷åñêèõ ìó-çååâ Ìîñêîâñêîãî è Íèæåãîðîäñêîãî ãî-ñóíèâåðñèòåòîâ, Íèæåãîðîäñêîãî èñòîðè-êî-àðõèòåêòóðíîãî ìóçåÿ-çàïîâåäíèêà. Èçýòèõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ïîëó÷åíû è âêëþ÷åíû âêàäàñòð äàííûå î 173 ìåñòàõ íàõîäîê ñîââ 1898–1979 ãã. è î 7 ìåñòàõ íàõîäîê ñîââ 1980–1990 ãã.6

Raptors� Research

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ� ПЕРНАТЫХ� ХИЩНИКОВ

Distribution�and�number�of�owls�in�the�N.�Novgorod�district

НОВЫЕ�ДАННЫЕ�О�РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ�И�ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ�СОВ�ВНИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ�ОБЛАСТИ

S.V.�Bakka�(State�Nature�Reserve�‘Kerzhensky’,�N.Novgorod,�Russia)

I.V.�Karyakin�(Center�for�Field�Studies,�N.�Novgorod,�Russia)

N.Yu.�Kiseleva,�L.M.�Novikova�(Russian�Bird�Conservation�Union,�N.Novgorod�Branch,

Russia)

С.В.�Ба��а�(Керженс�ий�заповедни�,�Н.Нов/ород,�Россия)

И.В.�Каря�ин�(Центр�полевых�исследований,�Н.Нов/ород,�Россия)

Н.Ю.�Киселёва,�Л.М.�Нови�ова�(Ниже/ородс�ое�отделение�Союза�охраны�птиц

России,�Н.Нов/ород,�Россия)

Êîíòàêò:

Ñåðãåé ÁàêêàÇàïîâåäíèê«Êåðæåíñêèé»603134 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë.Êîñòèíà 2, îô. 162òåë.: +7 (8312) 34 08 32ôàêñ: +7 (8312) [email protected]

Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]

Íàäåæäà Êèñåë¸âàËþäìèëà ÍîâèêîâàÍèæåãîðîäñêîåîòäåëåíèå ÑÎÏÐ603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäà/ÿ 631Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò»òåë.: +7 (8312) 34 46 [email protected]

6 http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/publicat/raptors/Paper_data_nn.pdf

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2006, 5 23

tury. In the beginning of the twenty firstcentury the distribution of the Eagle Owl hada little change (fig. 2), but the numbers de-creased dramatically to 30–40 breedingpairs (Red Data Book of the N. Novgoroddistrict, 2003). All available information onthe species within the territory of the dis-trict was analyzed in the course of the stud-ies. A total of 36–83 breeding pars (53 pairson average) were estimated using GIS-methods. We project 70–80 pairs as mostprobable to breed in the N. Novgorod dis-trict today.

Long-eared Owl – Asio otus (L.) – is acommon breeding species. Today it is themost numerous species of owl in the dis-trict, and it breeds evenly in the territoryof N. Novgorod and within towns. The av-erage density in the N. Novgorod districtis 25 breeding pairs per 100 km of edgesof forest patches larger than 1 km2. Theaverage density on cultivated land is 5–6breeding pairs/100 km2, and in large for-est-marsh lands – c. 2 pairs/100 km2. Anaverage of 7500–7800 breeding pairs areestimated in the N. Novgorod district(range 5000–10000 pairs) (fig. 3). Suchfluctuation between minimal and maximalnumbers in different years depends on thefluctuation of the number of rodents.

Short-eared Owl – Asio flammeus (Pon-topp.) – was a common species the middleof twentieth century, inhabiting open landsin the entire territory of the district. In 1960–

Ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû è îáðàáîòàíû äàííûåî âñòðå÷àõ ñîâ è ðåçóëüòàòû ó÷¸òîâ ýòèõ ïòèöâ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 1985–2004 ãã.(Áàêêà, Êèñåë¸âà, 2005). Â 2005 ã. ñïåöè-àëüíûå ó÷¸òû ñîâ â ðàìêàõ Àêöèè Ñîþçàîõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè «Ñîâà – ïòèöà 2005ã.» áûëè ïðîâåäåíû â 15 àäìèíèñòðàòèâ-íûõ ðàéîíàõ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè.

Ó÷¸ò ñîâ ïðîâîäèëè ïî ãîëîñàì âî âðå-ìÿ òîêà â ìàðòå-ìàå ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåìèìèòàöèè ãîëîñîì òîêîâûõ ñèãíàëîâ ñîâ(Âîðîíåöêèé è äð., 1989; Êàðÿêèí, 2004),à òàêæå â èþëå ìåòîäîì ðåãèñòðàöèè âè-çóàëüíî è ïî ãîëîñàì âûâîäêîâ, êîòîðûå âýòî âðåìÿ äåðæàòñÿ âáëèçè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêîâ (Êàðÿêèí, 2004). Íàðÿäó ñ ïðîâåäå-íèåì ñïåöèàëüíûõ ó÷¸òîâ, ðåãèñòðèðîâà-ëè ëþáûå ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ âñåõ âèäîâñîâ (âñòðå÷è ïòèö, ëèííûå ïåðüÿ, ïîãàä-êè). Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå óäåëÿëîñü ñïåöèàëü-íîìó ïîèñêó ðåäêèõ âèäîâ è, ñîîòâåòñòâåí-íî, îáñëåäîâàíèþ ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ìåñò èõîáèòàíèÿ. Çà 20 ëåò äëèíà ó÷¸òíûõ ìàðø-ðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëà áîëåå 1000 êì, à ïëîùàäü,îõâà÷åííàÿ ó÷¸òàìè – ïî÷òè 2000 êì2, âòîì ÷èñëå â 2005 ã. ñäåëàíî áîëåå ÷åòâåð-òè âñåãî îáú¸ìà ðàáîò (òàáë. 1).

Âñåãî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî è âíåñåíî â êà-äàñòð 586 ìåñò íàõîäîê âñåõ 12 âèäîâ ñîâ,âñòðå÷àþùèõñÿ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè(òàáë. 2).

Ñîñòàâëåí ÃÈÑ-ïðîåêò «Ìåñòà îáíàðó-æåíèÿ ñîâîîáðàçíûõ íà òåððèòîðèè Íè-æåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè» â ArcView 3.2. ÃÈÑ-

Contact:

Sergey BakkaState Nature Reserve‘Kerzhensky’Kostina str., 2 of. 162N. Novgorod603134 Russiatel.: +7 (8312) 34 08 32fax: +7 (8312) 34 09 [email protected]

Igor KaryakinCenter of Field StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]

Nadezhda KiselevaLudmila NovikovaThe N. Novgorodbranch of RBCUecocenter ‘Dront’P.O. Box 631Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: +7 (8312) 34 46 [email protected]

Òàáë. 1. Îáú¸ì ðàáîò ïî ó÷¸òó ñîâîîáðàçíûõ â Íè-æåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 1985–2005 ãã.

Table 1. Information of Owls studies in the N. Novgoroddistrict in 1985–2005

Òàáë. 2. ×èñëî íàõîäîêñîâ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè â 1898–2005 ãã.

Table 2. Records of Owlsin the N.Novgorod dis-trict in 1898–2005


Òàáë. 3. Îáú¸ì ðàáîò ïîó÷¸òó íàèáîëåå ðàñïðî-ñòðàí¸ííûõ âèäîâ ñîâ âÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè

Table 3. Information ofstudying the commonspecies of Owls in the N.Novgorod district

70s as a result of ditching of marshes andusage of pesticides on fields the numbers ofthe species declined; with the minimal num-bers registered in the beginning of 1980s.Since the end of 1980s the numbers of theShort-eared Owl have recovered. Its numbervaries in the N. Novgorod district from yearto year. Recent numbers of the short-earedowl is estimated to 4000–4500 breedingpairs, ranging from 1500–2000 pairs to7000–7500 pairs in different years. Thus thenumbers of the Short-eared Owl is 1.5–2times lower than that of the Long-earedOwl. The average density on treeless landsin the N. Novgorod district is c. 14 breed-ing pair/100 km2, in different cultivatedlands from 8 to 24 pairs/100 km2, the high-est density is 1,5 pair/1 km2, and minimumdistance between nests is 400 m (fig. 4).

Scops Owl – Otus scops (L.). Allrecords of the Scops Owl were located inthe forests of southern Zavolzh’e and inthe territory between the Volga and Okarivers. The average density is about 4breeding pairs/100 km2 in forests. An av-erage of 349 pairs (214–568 pairs) is esti-mated to breed in the N. Novgorod dis-trict. In the northern Zavolzh’e only singlerecords and the absence of the species inthe surveyed plots (including data of2005) confirmed the extremely low num-bers of the species (fig. 5). A total of 400–2000 breeding pairs are estimated in theN. Novgorod district. During the twenti-eth century the species started to spreadacross the territory of the district and in-creased in numbers. The numbers of thisspecies are probably increasing now too.

Tengmalm’s Owl – Aegolius funereus (L.)– is not a numerous species. Following themethods of processing the results of thesurveys by E.S. Ravkin and N.G. Chelintsev(1990) an average 2000 pairs (1300–2900pairs) is estimated to breed in the N.Novgorod district. Compare that to the re-sults given by the GIS-methods – 1000–10000 pairs estimated (average 6000 pairs).

ïðîåêò âêëþ÷àåò òðè òåìû, ñîäåðæàùèõ òî÷-êè îáíàðóæåíèÿ ñîâ 1) – â 1898–1979 ãã.,2) – â 1980–2004 ãã., 3) – â 2005 ã. Ñ êàæ-äîé òî÷å÷íîé òåìîé ñâÿçàíà ýëåêòðîííàÿòàáëèöà, ñîäåðæàùàÿ ñëåäóþùóþ èíôîð-ìàöèþ: âèä ñîâû, äàòà âñòðå÷è, ÷èñëî âñòðå-÷åííûõ ïòèö, õàðàêòåð ïðåáûâàíèÿ, ÔÈÎíàáëþäàòåëÿ èëè èñòî÷íèê èíôîðìàöèè.Äëÿ âñòðå÷ ñîâ ïîñëå 1980 ã. ïðèâîäÿòñÿêîîðäèíàòû.

Ó÷¸òû ÷èñëåííîñòè ñåìèíàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåí-íûõ âèäîâ ñîâ ïðîâåäåíû íà73 ïëîùàäêàõ, îòíîñèòåëüíîðàâíîìåðíî ðàñïðåäåë¸í-íûõ ïî òåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè(ðèñ. 1).

Îáú¸ì ýòèõ ó÷¸òíûõ ðàáîòõàðàêòåðèçóåò òàáëèöà 3. Ðàç-íèöà â ïëîùàäÿõ ïðè îäíèõ èòåõ æå ìåñòàõ ïðîâåäåíèÿó÷¸òîâ äëÿ ðàçíûõ âèäîâîáúÿñíÿåòñÿ ðàçëè÷èÿìè äàëü-íîñòè îáíàðóæåíèÿ ïî ãîëî-ñàì è ðàçíûìè ìåñòîîáèòàíè-ÿìè. Äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà ó÷¸òíîéïëîùàäêîé ñ÷èòàëè òîëüêî òåð-ðèòîðèþ ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðè-ãîäíîãî ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ.

Íà îñíîâàíèè ðåçóëüòàòîâó÷¸òîâ áûëè ðàññ÷èòàíû ïëîò-

íîñòè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ýòèõ ñîâ íà êàæäîé ó÷¸ò-íîé ïëîùàäêå. Çàòåì ðàññ÷èòûâàëè ñðåä-íåâçâåøåííóþ ïëîòíîñòü, îòíîñèòåëüíóþñòàòèñòè÷åñêóþ îøèáêó è äîâåðèòåëüíûéèíòåðâàë â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ìåòîäè÷åñêèìèðåêîìåíäàöèÿìè Å.Ñ. Ðàâêèíà è Í.Ã. ×å-ëèíöåâà (1990), äàëåå «Ìåòîä 1». Ïðè ýê-ñòðàïîëÿöèè äàííûõ, èñõîäÿ èç ñðåäíåéïëîòíîñòè è äîâåðèòåëüíîãî èíòåðâàëà,ðàññ÷èòûâàëè ñðåäíþþ ãíåçäîâóþ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü, à òàêæå å¸ äîñòîâåðíûé ìèíèìóì èâåðîÿòíûé ìàêñèìóì.

Äëÿ ëåñíûõ âèäîâ (íåÿñûòåé è ñû÷åé)ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè ðàñïîëàãàëèñü ñëó÷àé-íûì îáðàçîì íà ëåñíûõ çåìëÿõ, ïîýòîìóäëÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè èñïîëüçîâàëè îáùóþ

Ðèñ. 1. Ìåñòà ïðîâåäåíèÿ ó÷¸òîâ ñîâ âÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 1985–2004 ãã.(1) è 2005 ã. (2)

Fig. 1. Places of Owls studying in the N.Novgorod district in 1985–2004 (1) and2005 (2)


In reality a total of 2000–6000 breeding pairsare projected in the district. Average densi-ty in forests is c 5 breeding pairs/100 km2

(3,3–7,3 pair/100km2). The species are not-ed to breed in different forests, with a pref-erence of humid old spruce forests. In opti-mal habitat the density exceeds 30 breedingpair/100 km2. The recorded minimum dis-tance between neighboring breeding areasis 570 m (fig. 6).

Little Owl – Athene noctua (Scop.) is arare species of the N. Novgorod district. Thenorthern border of the species range cross-es the N. Novgorod district approximatelyalong the Volga river (fig. 7). Probably in1950–70s the numbers decreased. Now theLittle owl is very rare. No more than 20 pairsare estimated to breed in the district.

Pygmy Owl – Glaucidium passerinum (L.).Distribution of the species in the N.Novgorod district is similar with latter one.On study plots the average density was 4.6breeding pairs/100 km2 (2.5–8.4 pairs/100km2) (fig. 8). As a result of extrapolating thedensity measured in the survey plots ontothe total forested area we get 1841 breed-ing pairs estimated (range 1010 – 3354pairs). A total of 2000–5000 breeding pairsare projected in the N. Novgorod district.

Hawk Owl – Surnia ulula (L.). All authorsnote this species to breed rarely, but regu-larity visit the territory of the district during

ïëîùàäü ëåñíûõ çåìåëü â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè (Ñîñòîÿíèå…, 2004).

Äëÿ áîëîòíîé ñîâû áîëüøèíñòâî ó÷¸òíûõïëîùàäîê ðàñïîëàãàëîñü ñëó÷àéíûì îáðà-çîì íà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ óãîäüÿõ. Äëÿýêñòðàïîëÿöèè èñïîëüçîâàëè îáùóþ ïëî-ùàäü ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ óãîäèé çà âû-÷åòîì ìíîãîëåòíèõ íàñàæäåíèé (ñàäîâ)(Ñîñòîÿíèå…, 2004). Êðîìå ñåëüõîçóãî-äèé, áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà îáíàðóæåíà â ëåñîáî-ëîòíûõ ìàññèâàõ. Äëÿ ýòèõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèéáûë ñäåëàí îòäåëüíûé ðàñ÷¸ò, à ïîëó÷åí-íûå öèôðû ñóììèðîâàëèñü.

Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà – îïóøå÷íûé âèä. Áîëüøèí-ñòâî å¸ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿëèíåéíî âäîëü îïóøåê. Îñíîâíûì èñõîä-íûì ìàòåðèàëîì äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà áûëè ðåçóëü-òàòû îáñëåäîâàíèé 36 ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñíûõîïóøåê îáùåé ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ 247 êì, íàêîòîðûõ áûëè ó÷òåíû 62 ïàðû. Ðàññ÷èòû-âàëè ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ íà 100 êì ïðî-òÿæ¸ííîñòè îïóøåê è ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàëè íàîáùóþ äëèíó îïóøåê ëåñíûõ ìàññèâîâïëîùàäüþ îò 1 êì2. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïó-øåê áûëà èçìåðåíà ïî êîñìè÷åñêèì ñíèì-êàì Landsat–7 è ñîñòàâèëà 22747,25 êì.Äîïîëíèòåëüíî ïî 11 ó÷¸òíûì ïëîùàäêàì(òàáë. 3) áûëà ðàññ÷èòàíà ÷èñëåííîñòü óøà-ñòûõ ñîâ â ëåñîáîëîòíûõ ìàññèâàõ è íàñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ óãîäüÿõ.

Äëÿ ñïëþøêè âñå ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè îêà-çàëèñü ðàñïîëîæåíû â ëåñàõ Þæíîãî Çà-

Òàáë. 4. Ìàòåðèàëû, èñ-ïîëüçîâàííûå äëÿ îöåí-êè ÷èñëåííîñòè ðåäêèõâèäîâ ñîâ â Íèæåãîðîä-ñêîé îáëàñòè

Table 4. Main parameters,used for estimating thenumber of rare owl spe-cies in the N. Novgoroddistrict

Òàáë. 5. Îöåíêà îòíîñè-òåëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè ñî-âîîáðàçíûõ ïî ÷èñëóâñòðå÷ â ðàçíûå ãîäû

Table 5. Estimations ofthe relative owl numbersfollowing the records indifferent years


Òàáë. 6. Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ è ÷èñëåííîñòü ñîâ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì Ìåòîäà 1

Table 6. The Breeding density and number of owls in the N.Novgorod district using the Method 1 (Ravkin, Chelintsev, 1990)

âîëæüÿ è Âîëæñêî-Îêñêîãî Ìåæäóðå÷üÿ.Ïîýòîìó ýêñòðàïîëÿöèþ äàííûõ è ðàñ÷¸ò÷èñëåííîñòè óäàëîñü ñäåëàòü òîëüêî äëÿýòèõ ïðèðîäíî-òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ êîìïëåê-ñîâ. Äëÿ îáëàñòè â öåëîì îêàçàëîñü âîç-ìîæíîé òîëüêî ýêñïåðòíàÿ îöåíêà.

Ìåòîäèêà îïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ðåä-êèõ âèäîâ ñîâ áûëà èíîé. Äëÿ ôèëèíà èáîðîäàòîé íåÿñûòè ïîñëå ñïåöèàëüíîãîïîèñêà ìåñò îáèòàíèÿ äàâàëàñü îöåíêà ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè íà êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõòåððèòîðèÿõ (ÊÎÒÐ), ãäå ýòè âèäû áûëèâûÿâëåíû. Ðàññ÷èòûâàëè ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ äëÿ êàæäîé ÊÎÒÐ è ñðåäíþþ äëÿ ïðè-ãîäíûõ ìåñò îáèòàíèÿ. Èñõîäÿ èç ñðåäíèõ

winter migrations. In 1980–90s even win-ter records became very rare, which makesus to conclude that the numbers of the HawkOwls are declining. We registered a singleadult bird in the breeding period at the endof June – beginning of July 1995 in the Sokol-skiy region (fig. 9).

Tawny Owl – Strix aluco (L.) – was a com-mon owl species in the district before 1970s.In northern regions with large forests thespecies was not numerous, and in the cen-tral and southern region it was common inforests and cultivated lands. During thetwentieth century its numbers were steadi-ly decreasing. This decline was obvious in


ïëîòíîñòåé è ïëîùàäè ïðèãîäíûõ ìåñòî-îáèòàíèé, îïðåäåëåíà îáëàñòíàÿ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ýòèõ âèäîâ. Äëÿ äîìîâîãî ñû÷à è ÿñ-òðåáèíîé ñîâû íà îñíîâàíèè îáùåãî ÷èñëàíàõîäîê ñäåëàíà ýêñïåðòíàÿ îöåíêà ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. Ó÷è-òûâàëîñü, ÷òî ÿñòðåáèíàÿ ñîâà âñòðå÷àåò-ñÿ òîëüêî â ëåñàõ Çàâîëæüÿ, à äîìîâûé ñû÷

Òàáë. 7. Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ è ÷èñëåííîñòü ñîâ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ÃÈÑ (Ìåòîä 2)

Table 7. The Breeding density and number of owls in the N. Novgorod district using the GIS-methods (Method 2: Karyakin, 2004)

a – Ïðåäâîëæüå / Predvolzhie; b – Çàâîëæüå / Zavolzhie

the numbers of sightings (table 5). The mostprobable reason of its decline is a directcompetition from Ural Owls rapidly spread-ing in forests of the district. The Tawny Owlis remained only in cultivated lands and oldforests along rivers (fig. 10). The number ofspecies estimated by E.S. Ravkin and N.G.Chelintsev methods (1990) for 1985–2005

,


– òîëüêî â Ïðåäâîëæüå. Ìàòåðèàëû, èñ-ïîëüçîâàííûå äëÿ îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ðåä-êèõ âèäîâ ñîâ, ïðèâåäåíû â òàáëèöå 4.

Ñîñòàâëåííûé ÃÈÑ-ïðîåêò ïîçâîëèë ïðè-ìåíèòü åù¸ îäíó ìåòîäèêó îáðàáîòêè èýêñòðàïîëÿöèè äàííûõ ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîâ,äàëåå «Ìåòîä 2» èëè «ÃÈÑ-ìåòîä». Îáðà-áîòêà ìàòåðèàëîâ áûëà ïðîâåäåíà â ïðî-ãðàììå ArcView 3.2 (ESRI). Â õîäå àíàëèçàâåêòîðíûõ ñëî¸â âûäåëåíû çàíèìàåìûåñîâàìè ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ â ïðåäåëàõ ó÷¸òíûõïëîùàäîê. ×èñëåííîñòü âèäà â ìåñòîîáè-òàíèÿõ, íå ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëî-ùàäêàõ, ñ÷èòàëè íóëåâîé. Â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâêëþ÷åâûì ìåñòîîáèòàíèåì îêàçàëèñü ëåñ-íûå îïóøêè, â êà÷åñòâå ðàçìåðíîé õàðàê-òåðèñòèêè êîòîðûõ (â îòëè÷èå îò âñåõ îñ-òàëüíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé) èñïîëüçîâàëèïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü, à íå ïëîùàäü. Ïëîùàäü ëèáîïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ìåñòîîáèòàíèé ñîâ â Íèæå-ãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, íà êîòîðûå è ýêñòðàïî-ëèðîâàëèñü ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå, áûëè ïîëó÷å-íû â õîäå ïîëóàâòîìàòè÷åñêîé äåøèôðîâêèêîñìîñíèìêîâ Landsat–7, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîïðèâÿçàííûõ â ïðîåêöèþ Àëüáåðñà äëÿ Åâ-ðîïû â ERDAS Imagine 8.7. Ïðè îáðàáîò-êå ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ èñïîëüçîâàëè ìîäóëèSpatial Analyst 1.1 è Animal Movement 2.0.Ïëîòíîñòü ðàññ÷èòûâàëè êàê ñðåäíåâçâå-øåííóþ, îïðåäåëÿëè ñòàíäàðòíóþ îøèáêóè äîâåðèòåëüíûé èíòåðâàë íà ïëîùàäêàõäëÿ êàæäîãî òèïà ìåñòîîáèòàíèé.

I. ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒÛ È ÈÕ ÎÁÑÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ

Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ

âèäîâ ñîâ è å¸ äèíàìèêè

Îäíèì èç ïîêàçàòåëåé îáèëèÿ âèäà ìî-æåò ñëóæèòü åãî âñòðå÷àåìîñòü â îáùåìêîëè÷åñòâå íàõîäîê. Âñòðå÷àåìîñòü ñîâ âðàçíûå ïåðèîäû èññëåäîâàíèé ïðåäñòàâëå-íà â òàáëèöå 5. Áåëàÿ ñîâà â îáëàñòè íåãíåçäèòñÿ, è ïîýòîìó â êàäàñòð âíåñåíûòîëüêî ìåñòà äîáû÷è ýêçåìïëÿðîâ, ïîïàâ-øèõ â êîëëåêöèè ìóçååâ â 1898–1979 ãã. Â2005 ãîäó ýòà ñîâà íå áûëà îòìå÷åíà íàòåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè, à èíôîðìàöèÿ îâñòðå÷àõ áåëîé ñîâû âî âðåìÿ êî÷¸âîê èçèìîâîê â 1980–2004 ãã., ñîáðàííàÿ, â îñ-íîâíîì, ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèìè ìåòîäàìè, íåïðåäñòàâëÿåò êàäàñòðîâîé öåííîñòè.

Ìàòåðèàëû òàáëèöû 5 ïîçâîëÿþò íå òîëü-êî ñóäèòü îá îòíîñèòåëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòèñîâîîáðàçíûõ, íî è îöåíèòü äèíàìèêó èõàáñîëþòíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè. Áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà,êîòîðàÿ áûëà íà òåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè â íà-÷àëå ÕÕ âåêà íàèáîëåå ìíîãî÷èñëåííîé,

period is near 1200 breeding pairs (table 6),thus the species is not common. Results ofour studies have demonstrated the dramaticdeclining if the numbers of species regard-less of methods of extrapolation (table 8).The numbers of the Tawny Owl decreased3–6 times in the past 10–15 years. Usingthe records of 2005 surveys, extrapolatedusing the GIS-methods, we get 251 breed-ing pairs in the district. Probably the num-bers is higher, because we omitted recordsof owls in towns and village parks. A totalof 300–500 breeding pairs are projected inthe N. Novgorod district.

Ural Owl – Strix uralensis (Pall.) – was arare breeding species in the northern part(Zavolzh’e) of the N. Novgorod district be-fore the middle of ÕÕ century. In 1980s itsnumbers seemed to increase. This increasein the numbers was also registered in oursurveys (table 5). This species is spread inthe entire territory of the district and isknown to out compete the Tawny Owl. Re-cently it is common breeding species notonly in coniferous, coniferous-broad-leavedbut also in broad-leaved forests. In 2004 A.P.Levashkin (2005) found a nest in the oakforest of the Botanical Garden of the N.Novgorod state university within the city ofN. Novgorod boundaries (fig. 11). The av-erage numbers in the N. Novgorod districtin 1985–2005, is 5500–5700 breeding pairs(table 6, 7). The number of species has beenrapidly increasing during last 12 years from2800 breeding pairs in 1980s to 6800 pairsin 2005 (table 8). Thus today’s total of 6000–6800 breeding pairs is estimated in the dis-trict. The numbers of the Ural Owl approach-es the numbers of the Long-eared Owl.Average density in forests of the district is13.8 breeding pairs per 100 km2 (range10,3–18,6 pairs/100 km2). In optimal inhab-itances density is 1–2 pairs per 1 km2. Min-imal registered distance between neighbor-ing breeding areas is 0.5–0.6 km. The trendin the numbers is increasing and the spe-cies is spreading geographically.

Great Grey Owl – Strix nebulosa (J.R.Forst.). Before our surveys this species wasnot registered on the territory of district. Asingle nest was found in the Krasnobako-vskiy region in 1992 (Bakka, Bakka, 1998).In the Red Data Book we estimated a totalof 10 pair (Red Data Book of the N. Novgoroddistrict, 2003) for the district (fig. 12). Fol-lowing the later studies we now project atotal of 20–30 breeding pair for the N.Novgorod district.


Ðèñ. 2. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ôèëèíà(Bubo bubo) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004 ãã. (2) è2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 2. Points of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo)

records in the N.Novgorod district in 1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2) and 2005 (3)

ïîñòåïåííî óñòóïèëà ëèäåðñòâî óøàñòîéñîâå. Òàáëèöà 5 îò÷åòëèâî ïîêàçûâàåò êàð-òèíó ïàäåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ñåðîé íåÿñûòèîäíîâðåìåííî ñ ðîñòîì ÷èñëåííîñòè äëèí-íîõâîñòîé. Âìåñòå ñ òåì, íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò-ñÿ êîððåêòíûì äåëàòü âûâîäû î äèíàìèêå÷èñëåííîñòè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ, âñòðå÷àåìîñòüêîòîðûõ íèêîãäà íå ïðåâûøàëà 10%. Îá-ùåå ÷èñëî âñòðå÷ ñîâ â êàæäûé ïåðèîä èñ-ñëåäîâàíèé ñîñòàâëÿëî îò 150 äî 263, ïðè

ýòîì êàæäàÿ íîâàÿ ðåãèñòðà-öèÿ ðåäêîãî âèäà, çàâèñÿùàÿîò ñëó÷àéíûõ ôàêòîðîâ, ñó-ùåñòâåííî èçìåíÿëà îáùóþêàðòèíó. Îòíîñèòåëüíî âûñî-êàÿ âñòðå÷àåìîñòü ôèëèíà â1980–2004 ãã. ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñëåä-ñòâèåì öåëåíàïðàâëåííûõïîèñêîâ ìåñò îáèòàíèÿ ýòî-ãî ðåäêîãî âèäà. Âîðîáüèíûéñû÷ â íà÷àëå ÕÕ âåêà çàíè-ìàë ÷åòâ¸ðòîå ìåñòî ïîâñòðå÷àåìîñòè. Âîçìîæíî,ýòî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î åãî çíà-÷èòåëüíî áîëåå âûñîêîé ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ñî-âðåìåííîé.

Íà îñíîâàíèè îáðàáîòêèðàçíûìè ìåòîäàìè ðåçóëüòà-òîâ ó÷¸òîâ ñîâîîáðàçíûõ â1985–2005 ãã. ñîñòàâëåíûñâîäíûå òàáëèöû, îáúåäèíÿþ-

ùèå ìàòåðèàëû ïî ïëîòíîñòè, îáùåé ÷èñëåí-íîñòè è å¸ äèíàìèêå (òàáëèöû 6–9). Îáñóæ-äåíèå ïîëó÷åííûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ ìû âåä¸ì ïîêàæäîìó âèäó â îòäåëüíîñòè.

Êðàòêàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ

î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè, ÷èñëåííîñòè è

ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ

ñîâ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè

Áåëàÿ ñîâà – Nyctea scandiaca (L.) – çè-ìóþùèé, ïðîë¸òíûé è êðàéíå ðåäêî, íå-ðåãóëÿðíî ëåòóþùèé âèä. Ñîãëàñíî ôàóíè-ñòè÷åñêèì ñâîäêàì (Ñåðåáðîâñêèé, 1918;Êèðïè÷íèêîâ, 1915; Ïóçàíîâ è äð., 1955;Çèìèí, 1974), ðåãóëÿðíî âñòðå÷àåòñÿ âïåðèîä ïîñëåãíåçäîâûõ êî÷¸âîê è çèìîâ-êè, íî íå âñåãäà â îäèíàêîâîì êîëè÷åñòâåè, ìîæåò áûòü, äàæå íå êàæäûé ãîä. Âñòðå-÷è áåëîé ñîâû îáû÷íî íàáëþäàëèñü â íà-÷àëå îêòÿáðÿ – íà÷àëå ìàÿ, ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî â ÿíâàðå. ×àùå âñåãî îíè äåðæàòñÿíà ïîëÿõ è ïóñòûðÿõ.

Ïî-âèäèìîìó, äàííàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ ñîõðàíè-ëàñü äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè áåç ïðèíöè-ïèàëüíûõ èçìåíåíèé. ÊîððåñïîíäåíòûÍèæåãîðîäñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿ ÑÎÏÐ ñîîáùà-

þò î âñòðå÷àõ áåëîé ñîâû ïî÷òè êàæäóþçèìó. Â ðåçóëüòàòå îïðîñîâ íàñåëåíèÿ,ïðîâåä¸ííûõ Äðóæèíîé îõðàíû ïðèðîäûÃîðüêîâñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà â 1980–1991 ãã.,ïîëó÷åíû ñâåäåíèÿ î êðàéíå ðåäêèõ íà-õîäêàõ åäèíè÷íûõ ëåòóþùèõ îñîáåé. Íàìèìîëîäàÿ áåëàÿ ñîâà íàáëþäàëàñü â Áîðñêèõëóãàõ â îêòÿáðå 1979 ã. Àíàëèç ñîîáùåíèéñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü çèìóþùèõâ îáëàñòè ñîâ çíà÷èòåëüíî èçìåíÿåòñÿ ïîãîäàì. Ïî íàøåé ýêñïåðòíîé îöåíêå ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü êîëåáëåòñÿ â ðàçíûå ãîäû âíóò-ðè äèàïàçîíà 1–100 îñîáåé.

Ôèëèí – Bubo bubo (L.) – ðåäêèé, ãíåç-äÿùèéñÿ è çèìóþùèé âèä. Äî ñåðåäèíû XXâåêà íå ïðåäñòàâëÿë ðåäêîñòè è âñòðå÷àë-ñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïî âñåé òåððèòîðèè Íèæå-ãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè – êàê â ëåñàõ Çàâîëæüÿ,òàê è ïî îâðàæíûì ëåñàì þãà îáëàñòè, âîâðåìÿ êî÷¸âîê ïîÿâëÿÿñü äàæå â íåïîñðåä-ñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò ã. Í. Íîâãîðîäà (Êèð-ïè÷íèêîâ, 1915; Ñåðåáðîâñêèé, 1918; Ïó-çàíîâ è äð., 1955; Âîðîíöîâ, 1967). Êíà÷àëó òðåòüåãî òûñÿ÷åëåòèÿ ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèå ôèëèíà â îáëàñòè ìàëî èçìåíèëîñü(ðèñ. 2), íî ÷èñëåííîñòü ñèëüíî ñîêðàòè-ëàñü è îöåíèâàëàñü â 30–40 ïàð (Êðàñíàÿêíèãà Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, 2003).

Â õîäå ðàáîòû áûëà ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíàèíôîðìàöèÿ (ñ ó÷¸òîì âñòðå÷ â ïîñëåäíèåãîäû) î íàõîäêàõ âèäà íà òåððèòîðèè îá-ëàñòè. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïëîòíîñòè ãíåçäîâà-íèÿ ôèëèíà c ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê íà ëåñíûåçåìëè îáëàñòè íåâîçìîæíà, òàê êàê ó÷¸ò-íûå ïëîùàäêè è ìàðøðóòû â 1985–2004 ãã.çàêëàäûâàëèñü â îñíîâíîì ñïåöèàëüíî ñöåëüþ âûÿâëåíèÿ ìåñò îáèòàíèÿ ôèëè-íà. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïëîòíîñòè ãíåçäîâà-íèÿ ôèëèíà, ðàññ÷èòàííîé äëÿ êëþ÷åâûõîðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé, ïîçâîëÿåòîöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà â ëåñàõ îáëàñòèîò 144 äî 224 ïàð. Ýòî äà¸ò çàâåäîìî çàâû-øåííûé ðåçóëüòàò, òàê êàê íà ÊÎÒÐ ïðåäñòàâ-ëåíû îïòèìàëüíûå ìåñòà îáèòàíèÿ âèäà.Ïîëó÷åííàÿ ÃÈÑ-ìåòîäîì îöåíêà ÷èñëåííî-ñòè ôèëèíà ñîñòàâëÿåò 36–83 ïàðû (â ñðåä-íåì 53 ïàðû). Ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî íàèáîëåå âå-ðîÿòíàÿ ñîâðåìåííàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíàâ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò 70–80ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Êàðòà ìåñò íàõîäîê ôè-ëèíà ïðåäñòàâëåíà íà ðèñóíêå 2.

Â ëåñàõ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â ñðåä-íåì îäíà ïàðà ôèëèíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà 500êì2, íà êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåð-ðèòîðèÿõ – íà 250 êì2, òîãäà êàê â îòäåëü-íûõ ëåñíûõ è ëåñîáîëîòíûõ ìàññèâàõïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïðåâûøàåò 2 ïàðûíà 100 êì2, à ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó áëèæàé-øèìè ó÷àñòêàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 4 êì.


Ïòåíåö óøàñòîé ñîâû (Asio otus).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The chick of the Long-Eared Owl (Asiootus). Photo by I. Karyakin

Â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòèâñå íàõîäêè âèäà çà ïîñëå-äíèå 25 ëåò ïðèóðî÷åíû êòðóäíîäîñòóïíûì è ìàëîïî-ñåùàåìûì ìåñòàì (ýòî, ïðå-èìóùåñòâåííî, ñîõðàíèâøè-åñÿ ó÷àñòêè ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõëåñîâ ðàçíûõ òèïîâ, ëèáîêðóïíûå áîëîòíûå ìàññèâû).Äîêàçàíî 7 ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ, â òîì ÷èñëå 3 ãíåçäàðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà âíóòðåí-íèõ ñóõîäîëàõ êðóïíûõâåðõîâûõ è ïåðåõîäíûõáîëîò ñðåäè ñòàðûõ ñîñåí,2 – íà êðóòûõ áåðåãàõ íåáîëü-øèõ ëåñíûõ ðå÷åê, 1 – íà ñêëî-íå íàäïîéìåííîé òåððàñûð. Âîëãè íà ãðàíèöå âûðóá-êè è ñòàðîâîçðàñòíîãî ëåñàè 1– â íèøå, îáðàçîâàâøåéñÿâ ñòåíêå êàðñòîâîãî ïðîâàëà.

Äëÿ ôèëèíà îñíîâíûå ëè-ìèòèðóþùèå ôàêòîðû ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ – ýòî ðàçðóøåíèåìåñòîîáèòàíèé: ðóáêè ëåñà (âòîì ÷èñëå ñàíèòàðíûå), î÷è-ñòêà ëåñîâ îò çàõëàìë¸ííîñ-òè, à òàêæå âîçðàñòàíèå ôàê-òîðà áåñïîêîéñòâà èç-çàóâåëè÷åíèÿ ïîñåùåíèÿ ëåñîâëþäüìè è ïðÿìîå ïðåñëåäî-âàíèå ÷åëîâåêîì. Â ñâÿçè ñóìåíüøåíèåì îáú¸ìà ëåñîçà-ãîòîâîê è óâåëè÷åíèåì ïëî-ùàäè ðåãèîíàëüíûõ ÎÎÏÒ, ñíà÷àëà 1990-õ ãã. ÷èñëåí-íîñòü âèäà â îáëàñòè ñòàáè-ëèçèðîâàëàñü.

Âèä âíåñåí â Êðàñíóþ êíè-ãó Ðîññèè (êàòåãîðèÿ 2 – âèä,ñîêðàùàþùèé ÷èñëåííîñòü) èâ Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íèæåãîðîä-ñêîé îáëàñòè â êàòåãîðèþ À(âèä, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ ïîä óãðî-çîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ).

Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà – Asio otus(L.) – îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ,ïåðåë¸òíûé, ìåñòàìè çèìóþ-ùèé âèä. Îíà íàñåëÿåò ëåñ-íûå îïóøêè, íåáîëüøèåðîùè, ñàäû è ïàðêè, èçáåãà-åò êðóïíûõ ñïëîøíûõ ëåñíûõìàññèâîâ, ïîýòîìó áîëåå

ìíîãî÷èñëåííà â Ïðåäâîëæüå (Êèðïè÷íè-êîâ, 1915; Ñåðåáðîâñêèé, 1918; Ïóçàíîâè äð., 1955; Âîðîíöîâ, 1967).

×èñëåííîñòü è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå óøàñ-òîé ñîâû â òå÷åíèå ÕÕ âåêà, ïî-âèäèìîìó,ìàëî èçìåíèëèñü (ðèñ. 3). Â íàñòîÿùåå âðå-ìÿ óøàñòàÿ ñîâà – ñàìàÿ ìíîãî÷èñëåííàÿèç ñîâ, ãíåçäèòñÿ äàæå íà òåððèòîðèè ã.Íèæíåãî Íîâãîðîäà è äðóãèõ íàñåëåííûõïóíêòîâ. Â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè îáè-òàåò 7500–7800 ïàð. Â ðåçóëüòàòå îìîëî-æåíèÿ è ôðàãìåíòèðîâàíèÿ êðóïíûõ ëåñ-íûõ ìàññèâîâ ïëîùàäü ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ýòîãîâèäà ìåñòîîáèòàíèé äàæå óâåëè÷èëàñü.Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè óøàñòîé ñîâû íåïîñòî-ÿííû. ×èñëåííîñòü çàìåòíî âàðüèðóåò âðàçíûå ãîäû â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ôàçû äèíà-ìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ãðûçóíîâ – îò 5000 (âãîäû äåïðåññèè ãðûçóíîâ) äî 10000 ïàð (â«ìûøèíûå» ãîäû).

Ñðåäíÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ óøàñòîéñîâû â îáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 25 ïàð/100 êì ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè îïóøåê ëåñíûõ ìàñ-ñèâîâ, ïëîùàäü êîòîðûõ áîëåå 1êì2. Âñðåäíåì íà îäíó ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ îêîëî 4êì ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè ëåñíîé îïóøêè, à ìè-íèìàëüíîå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäîâûìèó÷àñòêàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò 250 ì. Íàðÿäó ñ ëåñ-íûìè îïóøêàìè ýòîò âèä èñïîëüçóåò äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ ëåñîïîëîñû, íåáîëüøèå ãðóï-ïû äåðåâüåâ è êóñòàðíèêîâ â ìàññèâàõ ñåëü-õîçóãîäèé, à òàêæå ðàçðåæåííûå ñîñíÿêèñðåäè êðóïíûõ ëåñîáîëîòíûõ ìàññèâîâ.Ñðåäíÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ óøàñòûõñîâ â ìàññèâàõ ñåëüõîçóãîäèé ñîñòàâëÿåò5–6 ïàð/100 êì2, â êðóïíûõ ëåñîáîëîòíûõìàññèâàõ – îêîëî 2 ïàð/100 êì2.

Áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà – Asio flammeus(Pontopp.) – ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ, ïåðåë¸òíûé èðåäêî çèìóþùèé âèä. Â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè äî ñåðåäèíû ÕÕ âåêà áûëà îáû÷-íåéøèì âèäîì, íàñåëÿâøèì îòêðûòûå ëàí-äøàôòû ïî âñåé òåððèòîðèè. Ïî ÷èñëåí-íîñòè îíà ïðåâîñõîäèëà äðóãèå âèäû ñîâ,â òîì ÷èñëå óøàñòóþ (Êèðïè÷íèêîâ, 1915;Ñåðåáðîâñêèé, 1918; Ïóçàíîâ è äð., 1955;Âîðîíöîâ, 1967).

Â 1960–70-å ãã. â ñâÿçè ñ øèðîêèì ïðè-ìåíåíèåì ïåñòèöèäîâ è ìåëèîðàöèåé çå-ìåëü ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà ñèëüíî ñîêðàòèëàñü;ìèíèìóì ïðèø¸ëñÿ íà íà÷àëî 1980-õ ãã. Ñêîíöà 1980-õ ãã. íàáëþäàåòñÿ âîññòàíîâ-ëåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè áîëîòíîé ñîâû â ñâÿçèñî ñíèæåíèåì ïåñòèöèäíîãî ïðåññà è ñî-êðàùåíèåì ïàõîòíûõ óãîäèé. Ê íàñòîÿùå-ìó âðåìåíè ïðåæíåãî óðîâíÿ îíà íå äîñ-òèãëà. Ñîâðåìåííàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà âÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò 4000–4500 ïàð, âàðüèðóÿ â ðàçíûå ãîäû îò 1500–

Ìîëîäîé ôèëèí (Bubo bubo). Ôîòî Ñ.Áàêêà

The juvenile of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo).Photo by S. Bakka

Ðèñ. 3. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ óøàñòîéñîâû (Asio otus) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îá-ëàñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004ãã. (2) è 2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 3. Points of the Long-eared Owl (Asio

otus) records in the N.Novgorod district in1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2) and 2005(3)


2000 ïàð äî 7000–7500 ïàð,îñòàâàÿñü â ïîëòîðà-äâà ðàçàìåíüøå ÷èñëåííîñòè óøàñòîéñîâû.

Îñíîâíûå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿâèäà – ìàññèâû ñåëüñêîõî-çÿéñòâåííûõ óãîäèé, ïðèýòîì ïàõîòíûå çåìëè áîëîò-íàÿ ñîâà ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüòîëüêî êàê îõîòíè÷üþ ñòà-öèþ, ðàñïîëàãàÿ ãí¸çäà íàñåíîêîñàõ, ïàñòáèùàõ, çàëå-æàõ, â ïîñåâàõ ìíîãîëåòíèõòðàâ. Ñâî¸ íàçâàíèå îíà íåîïðàâäûâàåò: â áîëîòàõ ãíåç-äèòñÿ êðàéíå ðåäêî. Ãí¸çäàðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà çàëèâíûõ èìàòåðèêîâûõ ëóãàõ íåçàâèñè-ìî îò ñòåïåíè óâëàæíåíèÿ,íà ó÷àñòêàõ ëóãîâûõ ñòåïåé,â çàðîñëÿõ âûñîêèõ ðóäå-ðàëüíûõ ðàñòåíèé íà çàëå-æàõ (ðèñ. 4).

Ñðåäíÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ â îòêðûòûõ ëàíäøàô-òàõ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòèñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 14 ïàð/100êì2, âàðüèðóÿ â ðàçíûõ ìàñ-ñèâàõ ñåëüõîçóãîäèé îò 8 äî24 ïàð/100 êì2, ïðè ýòîì âîïòèìàëüíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíè-ÿõ áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà ãíåçäèòñÿ ñïëîòíîñòüþ äî 1,5 ïàð/1 êì2,à ìèíèìàëüíîå ðàññòîÿíèåìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò400 ì. Â êðóïíûõ ëåñîáîëîò-íûõ ìàññèâàõ ñ ó÷àñòêàìèîòêðûòûõ áîëîò ïëîòíîñòüãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 1–4ïàðû/100 êì2 .

Áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà âíåñåíà âÏåðå÷åíü âèäîâ, íóæäàþ-ùèõñÿ â îñîáîì êîíòðîëå çàñîñòîÿíèåì â ïðèðîäíîé

ñðåäå íà òåððèòîðèè Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îá-ëàñòè (Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 ê Êðàñíîé êíèãå).

Ñïëþøêà – Otus scops (L.) – ãíåçäÿùèé-ñÿ, ïåðåë¸òíûé âèä. Â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îá-ëàñòè ñïëþøêà õîòÿ è îáèòàåò íà ñåâåðíîìïðåäåëå ñâîåãî àðåàëà, íî âñòðå÷àåòñÿ è âÏðåäâîëæüå, è â Çàâîëæüå. Â íà÷àëå XXâåêà îíà áûëà îòìå÷åíà â ãíåçäîâîé ïå-ðèîä íà òåððèòîðèè ã. Í. Íîâãîðîäà, íàð. ×¸ðíîé è ó Æóêîâñêîãî çàòîíà â Áîðñ-êîì ðàéîíå, ó ñ. Ëûêîâî â Ñåì¸íîâñêîìðàéîíå (Ñåðåáðîâñêèé, 1918). Ïî êðàÿìîïîëèé ïðîíèêàëà ê ñåâåðó äî Øàðüè (Âî-ðîíöîâ, 1967). Â ìóçåÿõ õðàíèòñÿ ñåìü ýê-çåìïëÿðîâ, äîáûòûõ â 1910–1929 ãã. íàòåððèòîðèè ñîâðåìåííûõ Âåòëóæñêîãî,Ñåìåíîâñêîãî, Âîëîäàðñêîãî ðàéîíîâ. Â1980–90-å ãã. â ãíåçäîâîå âðåìÿ îòìå÷å-íà â Êîâåðíèíñêîì (1987 ã.), Âîëîäàðñêîì(1996 ã.), Ëûñêîâñêîì (1998, 2000 ãã.), Âà÷-ñêîì (1993 ã.), Äàëüíåêîíñòàíòèíîâñêîì(1995 ã.), Âûêñóíñêîì (1999 ã.) ðàéîíàõ èâî âðåìÿ îñåííèõ êî÷¸âîê â 1989 ã. âñòðå-÷åíà â ã. Ñåðãà÷. Â 1998 ã. ì¸ðòâàÿ ïòèöàíàéäåíà â ï. Ðóñòàé Áîðñêîãî ðàéîíà. Äî2000 ã. ñîñòîÿíèå èçó÷åííîñòè âèäà íå ïî-çâîëèëî îöåíèòü åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü è òåíäåí-öèè å¸ èçìåíåíèÿ, ïîýòîìó ñïëþøêà áûëàâíåñåíà â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè â êàòåãîðèþ Â2 êàê ðåäêèé âèä,íàõîäÿùèéñÿ íà ãðàíèöå àðåàëà (2003). Ðå-çóëüòàòû ó÷¸òîâ 2000–2005 ãã. ïîçâîëÿþòñäåëàòü ïðåäâàðèòåëüíóþ îöåíêó (ðèñ. 5).

Âñå ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè, íà êîòîðûõ áûëàçàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà ñïëþøêà, ðàñïîëàãàëèñüâ ëåñàõ Þæíîãî Çàâîëæüÿ è Âîëæñêî-Îê-ñêîãî ìåæäóðå÷üÿ. Ïîýòîìó êîððåêòíîéìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü ýêñòðàïîëÿöèþ ïîëó÷åííûõäàííûõ òîëüêî â ïðåäåëàõ ýòèõ äâóõ ïðè-ðîäíî-òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ.Ñðåäíÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ çäåñü ñî-ñòàâèëà îêîëî 4 ïàð/100 êì2 ëåñîâ, à îá-ùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà îöåíåíà â 349 ïàð(214–568 ïàð). Â Ñåâåðíîì Çàâîëæüå åäè-íè÷íûå âñòðå÷è è îòñóòñòâèå íà ó÷¸òíûõïëîùàäêàõ (â òîì ÷èñëå â 2005 ã.) ñâèäå-òåëüñòâóþò î òîì, ÷òî âèä îáèòàåò, íî ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü åãî êðàéíå íèçêà è ìîæåò íå ïðè-íèìàòüñÿ â ðàñ÷¸ò. Îòñóòñòâèå ðåãèñòðàöèéñïëþøêè íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ â Ïðåäâîë-æüå îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ íåñîâïàäåíèåì ìåòîäîâè ñðîêîâ âûÿâëåíèÿ ýòîãî âèäà ñ ìåòîäà-ìè è ñðîêàìè âûÿâëåíèÿ äðóãèõ ñîâîîá-

Òàáë. 8. Äèíàìèêà ÷èñëåííîñòè íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ ñîââ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. 1 – ìåòîä Ðàâêèíà è ×å-ëèíöåâà (1990), 2 – ÃÈÑ-ìåòîä (Êàðÿêèí, 2004).

Table 8. Trends of numbers of some owl species in theN.Novgorod district. 1 – method of Ravkin and Che-lincev (1990), 2 – GIS-method (Karyakin, 2004)

Ðèñ. 4. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ áîëîòíîéñîâû (Asio flammeus) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004ãã. (2) è 2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 4. Points of the Short-eared Owl (Asioflammeus) records in the N.Novgorod dis-trict in 1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2) and2005 (3)

Ðèñ. 5. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ñïëþøêè(Otus scops) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòèâ 1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004 ãã. (2) è2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 5. Points of the Scops Owl (Otus scops)records in the N.Novgorod district in 1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2) and 2005 (3)


ðàçíûõ. Îòäåëüíûå íàõîäêèñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò îá îáèòà-íèè ñïëþøêè â ëåñàõ Ïðåä-âîëæüÿ. Â ïðèñóðñêèõ øè-ðîêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ íàòåððèòîðèè ×óâàøèè è Óëü-ÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè, â íåïîñ-ðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò ãðà-íèöû Ïèëüíåíñêîãî ðàéîíàÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè,ñïëþøêà ãíåçäèòñÿ ñ áîëååèëè ìåíåå âûñîêîé ïëîòíîñ-òüþ. Â áîëåå ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿæèçíè ñïëþøêè è óäàë¸ííûõîò ñåâåðíîé ãðàíèöû å¸ àðå-àëà øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõ èõâîéíî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõëåñàõ Ïðåäâîëæüÿ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ýòîé ñîâêè íå ìîæåòáûòü ìåíüøå, ÷åì â ÞæíîìÇàâîëæüå è Âîëæñêî-Îêñêîììåæäóðå÷üå. Îáùóþ ñîâðå-ìåííóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà âÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè ìû

îöåíèâàåì â 400–2000 ïàð. Ýòè öèôðûäîëæíû áûòü óòî÷íåíû â ðåçóëüòàòå äîïîë-íèòåëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé.

Â òå÷åíèå ÕÕ âåêà, âåðîÿòíî, ïðîèñõî-äèëî ðàññåëåíèå âèäà ïî òåððèòîðèè îá-ëàñòè, ñîïðîâîæäàâøååñÿ ìåäëåííûì ðî-ñòîì ÷èñëåííîñòè. Ïî-âèäèìîìó, ýòàòåíäåíöèÿ ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ è â íàñòîÿùååâðåìÿ.

Ìîõíîíîãèé ñû÷ – Aegolius funereus(L.) – ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ, çèìóþùèé âèä. Â ïåð-âîé ïîëîâèíå ÕÕ âåêà ñ÷èòàëñÿ ðåäêèì

ãíåçäÿùèìñÿ âèäîì îáëàñòè;â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä áûë îò-ìå÷åí â ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõõâîéíûõ ëåñàõ êàê Çàâîëæüÿ,òàê è Ïðåäâîëæüÿ. Âî âðåìÿîñåííèõ è çèìíèõ êî÷¸âîêíåîäíîêðàòíî ïîÿâëÿëñÿ íàòåððèòîðèè ã. Í. Íîâãîðîäà(Ñåðåáðîâñêèé, 1918; Ïóçà-íîâ è äð., 1955; Âîðîíöîâ,1967). Ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî ìà-ëîå ÷èñëî âñòðå÷ îáúÿñíÿåò-ñÿ, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, íå íèç-êîé ÷èñëåííîñòüþ, àáèîëîãè÷åñêèìè îñîáåííîñ-òÿìè ýòîãî ñû÷à: êîðîòêèìïåðèîäîì âîêàëèçàöèè, ïðè-õîäÿùèìñÿ íà ðàííþþ âåñíó,îòíîñèòåëüíî òèõèì ãîëîñîì,ñëûøíûì ëèøü íà íåáîëüøîìðàññòîÿíèè (ðèñ. 6).

×èñëåííîñòü ìîõíîíîãîãîñû÷à â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà-

ñòè (Ìåòîä 1) îöåíåíà â 2000 ïàð (1300–2900). Â ðåçóëüòàòå îáðàáîòêè ó÷¸òíûõäàííûõ ÃÈÑ-ìåòîäîì ÷èñëåííîñòü îöåíå-íà â 1000–10000, â ñðåäíåì 6000 ïàð. Ðå-àëüíàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà, âåðîÿòíî, ëåæèòâ äèàïàçîíå îò 2000 äî 6000 ïàð. Ñðåä-íÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîõíîíîãîãîñû÷à â ëåñàõ îáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 5ïàð/100 êì2 (3,3–7,3 ïàð/100êì2). Âèä îò-ìå÷åí â ðàçíûõ òèïàõ ëåñîâ, íî ïðåäïî-÷èòàåò âëàæíûå ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûå åëüíèêè.Â îïòèìàëüíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ ïëîòíîñòüïðåâûøàåò 30 ïàð/100 êì2. Ìèíèìàëüíîåðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ñîñåäíèìè ãíåçäîâûìèó÷àñòêàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò 570 ì.

Äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïðåäïî÷èòàåò èñïîëüçî-âàòü äóïëà ÷¸ðíîãî äÿòëà (Dryocopusmartius), ïîýòîìó íàõîäèòñÿ â çàâèñèìîñ-òè îò åãî ÷èñëåííîñòè. Â 1990 ã. íà òåððè-òîðèè È÷àëêîâñêîãî áîðà áûëî îáíàðóæå-íî ãíåçäî ìîõíîíîãîãî ñû÷à â ñòàðîéñîðî÷üåé ïîñòðîéêå.

Ìîõíîíîãèé ñû÷ âíåñ¸í â Ïåðå÷åíü âè-äîâ, íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îñîáîì êîíòðîëå çàñîñòîÿíèåì â ïðèðîäíîé ñðåäå íà òåððè-òîðèè Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè (Ïðèëîæå-íèå 2 ê Êðàñíîé êíèãå).

Äîìîâûé ñû÷ – Athene noctua (Scop.)– ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ, âåðîÿòíî çèìóþùèé âèä.×åðåç Íèæåãîðîäñêóþ îáëàñòü ïðîõîäèòñåâåðíàÿ ãðàíèöà àðåàëà, ïðèáëèçèòåëüíîñîâïàäàþùàÿ ñ äîëèíîé ð. Âîëãè. Âñå íà-õîäêè ýòîãî ñû÷à â ãíåçäîâîå âðåìÿ ïðè-óðî÷åíû ê Ïðåäâîëæüþ. Â 1980–90-å ãã.â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä ýòó ñîâó íàõîäèëè âÊóëåáàêñêîì, Áóòóðëèíñêîì, Âà÷ñêîì,

Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The Scops Owl (Otus scops). Photo by I.Karyakin

Ðèñ. 6. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ìîõíîíîãî-ãî ñû÷à (Aegolius funereus) â Íèæåãîðîä-ñêîé îáëàñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004 ãã. (2) è 2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 6. Points of the Tengmalm’s Owl (Ae-golius funereus) records in the N.Novgoroddistrict in 1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2)and 2005 (3)

Ðèñ. 7. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ äîìîâîãîñû÷à (Athene noctua) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004ãã. (2) è 2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 7. Points of records of the Long-earedOwl (Athene noctua) in the N.Novgoroddistrict in 1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2)and 2005 (3)


Äàëüíåêîíñòàíòèíîâñêîì,Ïèëüíèíñêîì è Êðàñíîîê-òÿáðüñêîì ðàéîíàõ, à òàêæåâ ã. Í. Íîâãîðîäå. Â àâãóñòå1995 ã. îäíà ïòèöà îòìå÷å-íà â ïîñ. Ðóñòàé Áîðñêîãîðàéîíà – ïåðâàÿ íàõîäêà âÇàâîëæüå (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãàÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè,2003). Â íà÷àëå ÕÕ âåêà âîòäåëüíûõ ðàéîíàõ Ïðåä-âîëæüÿ (íàïðèìåð, â Ëóêî-ÿíîâñêîì óåçäå Íèæåãî-ðîäñêîé ãóáåðíèè) áûëîáû÷åí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè (Ñå-ðåáðîâñêèé, 1918) (ðèñ. 7).

Ïî-âèäèìîìó, â 1950–1970-õ ãã. ïðîèçîøëî ñíèæå-íèå ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà. Â íà-ñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îí î÷åíüðåäîê. Ïî íàøåé îöåíêå, âîáëàñòè ñåé÷àñ ãíåçäèòñÿ íåáîëåå 20 ïàð. Â 1988–1999ãã. íàìè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû4 ñëó÷àÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ äîìî-âîãî ñû÷à â ã. Í. Íîâãîðîä,â ñ. Äàâûäîâî Âà÷ñêîãî ðàé-îíà, íà îáíàæåíèè èçâåñò-íÿêîâ è ãèïñîâ ñ íèøàìè èïåùåðàìè, ðàñïîëîæåííîìâ àíòðîïîãåííîì ëàíäøàô-òå (Áîðíóêîâñêàÿ ïåùåðà âÁóòóðëèíñêîì ðàéîíå) è âñòàðîâîçðàñòíîé ïîéìåí-íîé äóáðàâå (Êóëåáàêñêèéðàéîí). Â 2005 ã. íàì íåóäàëîñü îáíàðóæèòü íîâûõìåñò îáèòàíèÿ ýòîé ñîâû.

Âèä âíåñåí â Êðàñíóþêíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà-ñòè â êàòåãîðèþ Ä êàê íåî-ïðåäåë¸ííûé, íåäîñòàòî÷íîèçó÷åííûé.

Âîðîáüèíûé ñû÷ – Glaucidiumpasserinum (L.) – ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ è çèìóþ-ùèé âèä. Íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ ñðåäíÿÿïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 4,6 ïàð/100 êì2 (2,5–8,4 ïàð/100 êì2). Íå áûëî çàðåãèñòðèðî-âàíî íè îäíîãî ñëó÷àÿ ñîïðèêîñíîâåíèÿãðàíèö ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ âîðîáüèíûõñû÷åé. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó òî÷êàìè âñòðå÷âñåãäà çíà÷èòåëüíî ïðåâûøàëî äèàìåòðíå òîëüêî ãíåçäîâîãî, íî è îõîòíè÷üåãîó÷àñòêà (ðèñ. 8).

Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïëîòíîñòè ñ ó÷¸òíûõ ïëî-ùàäîê íà ëåñíûå çåìëè îáëàñòè ïîçâîëÿåòîöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà â 1841 ïàðó(1010 – 3354 ïàðû). Íàèáîëåå âåðîÿòíîéïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âîðîáüèíîãîñû÷à îò 2000 äî 5000 ïàð.

Âîðîáüèíûé ñû÷ âíåñ¸í â Ïåðå÷åíü âè-äîâ, íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îñîáîì êîíòðîëå çàñîñòîÿíèåì â ïðèðîäíîé ñðåäå íà òåððè-

Òàáë. 9. Îöåíêà ÷èñëåí-íîñòè ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ âèäîâñîâ è å¸ äèíàìèêè â Íè-æåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè

Table 9. Estimations ofnumber of breeding owlsand its trends in the N.Novgorod district

Ñû÷èê âîðîáüèíûé (Glaucidium

passerinum). Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà

The Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum).Photo by A. Levashkin

Ðèñ. 8. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ âîðîáüèíî-ãî ñû÷à (Glaucidium passerinum) â Íèæå-ãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1),1980–2004 ãã. (2) è 2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 8. Points of the Pygmy Owl (Glaucid-ium passerinum) records in theN.Novgorod district in 1898–1979 (1),1980–2004 (2) and 2005 (3)

Ðèñ. 9. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ÿñòðåáèíîéñîâû (Surnia ulula) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà-ñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004 ãã. (2)è 2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 9. Points of the Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula)records in the N.Novgorod district in 1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2) and 2005 (3)


Ñîâà ÿñòðåáèíàÿ (Surnia ulula). Ôîòî Å. Ïî-òàïîâà

The Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula). Photo by E.Potapov

Ðèñ. 10. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ñåðîé íå-ÿñûòè (Strix aluco) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îá-ëàñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004 ãã.(2) è 2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 10. Points of the Tawny Owl (Strix alu-co) records in the N. Nov-gorod district in1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2) and 2005(3)

òîðèè Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà-ñòè (Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 ê Êðàñ-íîé êíèãå).

ßñòðåáèíàÿ ñîâà – Surniaulula (L.) – Íèæåãîðîäñêàÿîáëàñòü íàõîäèòñÿ íà þæíîìïðåäåëå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿâèäà, ïîýòîìó ÿñòðåáèíàÿñîâà âñòðå÷àëàñü òîëüêî â Çà-âîëæüå. Âñå àâòîðû ôàóíèñ-òè÷åñêèõ ñâîäîê îòìå÷àþòðåäêîñòü ýòîé ñîâû íà ãíåç-äîâàíèè, íî ïðè ýòîì óêàçû-âàþò íà ðåãóëÿðíûå âñòðå÷èâ ïåðèîä êî÷¸âîê è çèìîâêè,ïðè÷¸ì â îòäåëüíûå ãîäû âáîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå (Ñåðåá-ðîâñêèé, 1918; Ïóçàíîâ èäð., 1955; Âîðîíöîâ, 1967).

Â 1980–90-õ ãã. äàæå çèì-íèå âñòðå÷è ñòàëè èñêëþ÷è-òåëüíîé ðåäêîñòüþ, ÷òî ñâè-äåòåëüñòâóåò î ñîêðàùåíèè÷èñëåííîñòè â 1960–70-õõ ãã.Íàìè âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà âñòðå-÷åíà îäíàæäû â ãíåçäîâîéïåðèîä â êîíöå èþíÿ – íà÷à-ëå èþëÿ 1995 ã. â Ñîêîëüñ-êîì ðàéîíå (ðèñ. 9). Ïî-âè-äèìîìó, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿÿñòðåáèíàÿ ñîâà â Íèæåãî-ðîäñêîé îáëàñòè – íåðåãó-ëÿðíî ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä, èâðÿä ëè ìîæíî ðàññ÷èòûâàòüíà îäíîâðåìåííîå ãíåçäîâà-íèå áîëåå 2–3 ïàð.

Âèä âíåñ¸í â Êðàñíóþêíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà-ñòè â êàòåãîðèþ Ä êàê íåî-ïðåäåë¸ííûé, íåäîñòàòî÷íîèçó÷åííûé.

Ñåðàÿ íåÿñûòü – Strixaluco (L.) – ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ, çè-ìóþùèé âèä. Äî 1970-õ ãã.áûëà â íàøåé îáëàñòè îäíîéèç ñàìûõ îáû÷íûõ ñîâ. Â ñå-âåðíûõ ðàéîíàõ ñ êðóïíû-ìè ëåñíûìè ìàññèâàìè áûëàíåìíîãî÷èñëåííà, â öåíò-ðàëüíûõ è þæíûõ ðàéîíàõîáû÷íà êàê â ëåñàõ, òàê è âàíòðîïîãåííîì ëàíäøàôòå(Êèðïè÷íèêîâ, 1915; Ñåðåá-ðîâñêèé, 1918; Ïóçàíîâ è

äð., 1955; Âîðîíöîâ, 1967). Â òå÷åíèå ÕÕâåêà å¸ ÷èñëåííîñòü íåóêëîííî ñíèæàëàñü.Îá ýòîì ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò êàê ñíèæåíèåâñòðå÷àåìîñòè ýòîé ñîâû (òàáë. 5), òàê èäàííûå íàøèõ ó÷¸òîâ. Íàïðèìåð, ïðè ïðî-âåäåíèè ó÷¸òîâ â È÷àëêîâñêîì áîðó èç 5ïàð, îáíàðóæåííûõ â 1990 ã., ê 2000 ã.îñòàëàñü îäíà, à íà ó÷¸òíîé ïëîùàäêå â Ïó-ñòûíñêîì çàêàçíèêå èç 3 ïàð, ó÷ò¸ííûõ â1987 ã., â 2000 ã. ñîõðàíèëàñü òàêæå îäíàïàðà. Íàèáîëåå âåðîÿòíàÿ ïðè÷èíà ñîêðà-ùåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè – âûòåñíåíèå áûñòðîðàññåëÿþùåéñÿ â ëåñàõ îáëàñòè äëèííî-õâîñòîé íåÿñûòüþ. Íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõâ È÷àëêîâñêîì áîðó è Ïóñòûíñêîì çàêàç-íèêå íàëèöî ôàêò çàìåùåíèÿ ñåðîé íå-ÿñûòè äëèííîõâîñòîé íà êîíêðåòíûõãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Ñåðàÿ íåÿñûòü ñî-õðàíÿåòñÿ â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü â àíòðîïî-ãåííîì ëàíäøàôòå, à òàêæå â ñòàðîâîçðà-ñòíûõ ïîéìåííûõ ëåñàõ. Ýòà ñîâà ãíåçäèòñÿâ äóïëàõ ñòàðûõ äåðåâüåâ íà òåððèòîðèèã. Í. Íîâãîðîäà (ðèñ. 10).

Çà ïåðèîä 1985–2005 ãã. ÷èñëåííîñòü(Ìåòîä 1) ñîñòàâèëà îêîëî 1200 ïàð (òàáë.6), ò.å. âèä óæå íåëüçÿ íàçâàòü îáû÷íûì.Ðåçóëüòàòû ó÷¸òîâ, ïðîâåä¸ííûõ â ðàçíûåïåðèîäû äàííîãî äâàäöàòèëåòèÿ, ïîêàçû-âàþò êàðòèíó êàòàñòðîôè÷åñêîãî ïàäåíèÿ÷èñëåííîñòè ýòîãî âèäà íåçàâèñèìî îòìåòîäîâ îáðàáîòêè (òàáë. 8). ×èñëåííîñòüñåðîé íåÿñûòè óìåíüøèëàñü â 3–6 ðàç çà10–15 ëåò. Ïî äàííûì ó÷åòîâ 2005 ã. ñðåä-íÿÿ âåëè÷èíà ÷èñëåííîñòè â îáëàñòè, ðàñ-ñ÷èòàííàÿ ÃÈÑ-ìåòîäîì, ñîñòàâèëà 251ïàðó. Ïî-âèäèìîìó, ýòà âåëè÷èíà íåñêîëü-êî çàíèæåíà, òàê êàê íåâîçìîæíî áûëîâêëþ÷èòü â ðàñ÷¸ò ñîâ, îáèòàþùèõ â ñåëü-ñêèõ ïàðêàõ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ýêñòðàïîëÿöèèíà ëåñíûå çåìëè îáëàñòè äàííûõ ó÷åòîâ2000–2005 ãã. ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà îöåíåíàâ 487 ïàð (224–970 ïàð). Íàèáîëåå âåðî-ÿòíîå çíà÷åíèå ñîâðåìåííîé ÷èñëåííîñ-òè ñåðîé íåÿñûòè â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà-ñòè ëåæèò â èíòåðâàëå 300–500 ïàð.

Ñåðàÿ íåÿñûòü âíåñåíà â Ïåðå÷åíü âè-äîâ, íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îñîáîì êîíòðîëå çàñîñòîÿíèåì â ïðèðîäíîé ñðåäå íà òåððè-òîðèè Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè (Ïðèëîæå-íèå 2 ê Êðàñíîé êíèãå).

Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü – Strixuralensis (Pall.) – ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ, çèìóþùèéâèä. Â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè äî ñåðå-äèíû ÕÕ âåêà áûëà ðåäêîé ãíåçäÿùåéñÿïòèöåé Çàâîëæüÿ (Ñåðåáðîâñêèé, 1918;Ïóçàíîâ è äð., 1955; Âîðîíöîâ, 1967). Â1980-õ ãîäàõ å¸ ÷èñëåííîñòü óâåëè÷èëàñü,î ÷¸ì ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò êàê ðîñò å¸ âñòðå-÷àåìîñòè (òàáë. 5), òàê è äàííûå íàøèõ

Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix

uralensis). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The Ural Owl (Strix uralensis). Photoby I. Karyakin


ó÷¸òîâ. Ýòà ñîâà ðàññåëèëàñüïî âñåé òåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè,ïîâñþäó âûòåñíÿÿ ñåðóþ íå-ÿñûòü. Ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìå-íè îíà ñòàëà îáû÷íà íà ãíåç-äîâàíèè íå òîëüêî â õâîéíûõè õâîéíî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõëåñàõ, íî è â äóáðàâàõ. Îñå-íüþ è çèìîé, âî âðåìÿ êî÷¸-âîê, ýòà ñîâà ðåãóëÿðíî ïî-ñåùàåò Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä. Â2004 ã. À.Ï. Ëåâàøêèí (2005)îáíàðóæèë ãíåçäî â äóáðàâåÁîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà Íèæåãî-ðîäñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãîóíèâåðñèòåòà íà òåððèòîðèèãîðîäà (ðèñ. 11).

Ñðåäíÿÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü äëèí-íîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â Íèæå-ãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â ïåðèîä1985–2005 ãã., ðàññ÷èòàííàÿñ ïîìîùüþ ðàçíûõ ìåòîäîâ,ñîñòàâèëà 5500–5700 ïàð

(òàáë. 6, 7). Ïðè ýòîì â òå÷åíèå âñåãî äâàä-öàòèëåòèÿ ïðîèñõîäèë áûñòðûé ðîñò ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè âèäà îò 2800 ïàð â 1980-å ãã. äî6800 ïàð â 2005 ã. (òàáë. 8). Òàêèì îáðà-çîì, ñîâðåìåííàÿ îáëàñòíàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòüâèäà ñîñòàâëÿåò 6000–6800 ïàð, òî åñòü ïî÷èñëåííîñòè äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü ïî÷òèíå óñòóïàåò óøàñòîé ñîâå. Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ â ëåñàõ îáëàñòè â ñðåäíåì ñîñòàâ-ëÿåò 13,8 ïàð íà 100 êì2 (10,3–18,6 ïàð/100êì2). Â îïòèìàëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ îáèòà-íèÿ íà îòäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ïëîòíîñòü ñî-ñòàâëÿåò 1–2 ïàðû íà 1 êì2. Ìèíèìàëüíîåçàðåãèñòðèðîâàííîå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäóñîñåäíèìè ó÷àñòêàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,5–0,6êì. Ðîñò ÷èñëåííîñòè è ðàññåëåíèå âèäà

ïî îáëàñòè ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ.Áîðîäàòàÿ íåÿñûòü – Strix

nebulosa (J.R. Forst.) – ãíåç-äÿùèéñÿ, çèìóþùèé âèä. ÂÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè íà-õîäèòñÿ ó þæíîé ãðàíèöûãíåçäîâîãî àðåàëà, âñòðå÷à-åòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â Çàâîë-æüå. Äî íà÷àëà íàøèõ èññëå-äîâàíèé å¸ ãíåçäîâàíèå íàòåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè íå áûëîçàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî; ìíîãî-÷èñëåííûå âñòðå÷è îòíîñè-ëèñü ê ïåðèîäó îñåííèõ èçèìíèõ êî÷¸âîê (Ñåðåáðîâ-ñêèé, 1918; Ïóçàíîâ è äð.,1955; Âîðîíöîâ, 1967; Çè-ìèí, 1974). Åäèíñòâåííîåãíåçäî îáíàðóæåíî â 1992ãîäó â Êðàñíîáàêîâñêîì ðàé-

îíå (Áàêêà, Áàêêà, 1998). Áîðîäàòàÿ íå-ÿñûòü, âåðîÿòíî, ãíåçäèòñÿ íà Êàìñêî-Áà-êàëäèíñêèõ áîëîòàõ (Âîðîòûíñêèé ðàéîí),â Êîâåðíèíñêîì, Ãîðîäåöêîì, âîçìîæíî– â Ñîêîëüñêîì è Áîðñêîì ðàéîíàõ; îñåí-íèé òîê îòìå÷åí â 2000 ã. â Òîíøàåâñêîìðàéîíå. Äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âûáèðàåò ó÷àñò-êè ñòàðûõ ïèõòîâî-åëîâûõ èëè ñîñíîâûõëåñîâ, ãðàíè÷àùèå ñ îòêðûòûìè ñôàãíî-âûìè áîëîòàìè, ãàðÿìè è âûðóáêàìè (ðèñ.12). Â 2005 ã. íàì íå óäàëîñü îáíàðóæèòüíîâûõ ìåñò îáèòàíèÿ ýòîé ñîâû.

Ïðè ñîñòàâëåíèè îáëàñòíîé Êðàñíîéêíèãè ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà áûëà îöåíåíà íåáîëåå ÷åì â 10 ïàð (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íè-æåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, 2003). Áîëåå òùà-òåëüíàÿ èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ ñîáðàííûõ äàí-íûõ ïîçâîëèëà îöåíèòü ñîâðåìåííóþ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà â 20–30 ïàð. Ó÷èòûâàÿ,÷òî â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ äàæå çèìíèå âñòðå-÷è ýòèõ ñîâ íåëüçÿ íàçâàòü ìíîãî÷èñëåí-íûìè, ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäàñîêðàòèëàñü â 1960–70-õ ãã.

Áîðîäàòàÿ íåÿñûòü – îäíà èç íàèáîëååðåäêèõ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñîâ îáëàñòè – âíåñå-íà â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà-ñòè â êàòåãîðèþ À, êàê âèä, íàõîäÿùèéñÿïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ.

II. Ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî îõðàíå ñîâ â

Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè è

âíåñåíèþ èçìåíåíèé â Êðàñíóþ

êíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè

Âñå ñîâîîáðàçíûå, êàê õèùíûå ïòèöû,íàõîäÿùèåñÿ íà âåðõíèõ «ýòàæàõ» òðîôè-÷åñêèõ ïèðàìèä, îñîáåííî óÿçâèìû. Ñîâû

Áîðîäàòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix nebulosa). ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

The Great Grey Owl (Strix nebulosa). Pho-to by I. Karyakin

Ðèñ. 11. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ äëèííîõâî-ñòîé íåÿñûòè (Strix uralensis) â Íèæåãî-ðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1),1980–2004 ãã. (2) è 2005 ã. (3)

Fig. 11. Points of the Ural Owl (Strix uralen-sis) records of Long-eared Owl in theN.Novgorod district in 1898–1979 (1),1980–2004 (2) and 2005 (3)

Ðèñ. 12. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ áîðîäàòîéíåÿñûòè (Strix nebulosa) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè â 1898–1979 ãã. (1), 1980–2004ãã. (2) è 2005 ã. (3).

Fig. 12. Points of the Great Grey Owl (Strixnebulosa) records in the N.Novgorod dis-trict in 1898–1979 (1), 1980–2004 (2) and2005 (3)


– âàæíåéøèå ðåãóëÿòîðû ÷èñëåííîñòè ãðû-çóíîâ. Ñ óòèëèòàðíîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ âûãî-äåí ðîñò ÷èñëåííîñòè ýòèõ åñòåñòâåííûõðåãóëÿòîðîâ ÷èñëåííîñòè ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðû-çóíîâ. Ïîýòîìó ñîõðàíåíèþ è ïðèâëå÷å-íèþ ñîâ äîëæíû óäåëÿòü âíèìàíèå íå òîëü-êî ïðàêòèêè îõðàíû ïðèðîäû, íî èñïåöèàëèñòû ðàçíûõ îòðàñëåé õîçÿéñòâà.

Áåëàÿ ñîâà íà òåððèòîðèè Íèæåãîðîäñ-êîé îáëàñòè èñïîëüçóåò àãðîëàíäøàôòû,ñêîïëåíèé íå îáðàçóåò, ïîýòîìó òåððèòî-ðèàëüíàÿ îõðàíà âèäà â îáëàñòè íåâîçìîæ-íà. Íà òåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè, äàæå â ãîäûìàññîâûõ «çàë¸òîâ», êîíöåíòðèðóåòñÿ íå-çíà÷èòåëüíàÿ äîëÿ åâðîïåéñêîé ïîïóëÿöèè.Â òî æå âðåìÿ âèä â Åâðîïå íåáëàãîïîëó-÷åí, äîáûâàíèå åãî íåäîïóñòèìî. Ñóùå-ñòâóþùèé ñòàòóñ íåîõîòíè÷üåãî âèäà, êî-òîðûé íå ïîçâîëÿåò äîáûâàòü ïòèö áåçñïåöèàëüíîãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ, äîñòàòî÷åí.

Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåä¸ííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé,÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îá-ëàñòè îêàçàëàñü âûøå, ÷åì ïðåäïîëàãàëîñüðàíåå. Òåì íå ìåíåå, âèä êðàéíå óÿçâèì.Ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ öåëåñîîáðàçíûì ñîõðà-íèòü äëÿ äàííîãî âèäà êàòåãîðèþ À.

Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà, êàê íàèáîëåå ìíîãî÷èñ-ëåííûé è ïðåäïî÷èòàþùèé àíòðîïîãåííîïðåîáðàçîâàííûå ëàíäøàôòû âèä ñîâîîá-ðàçíûõ, â ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåðàõ îõðàíû íåíóæäàåòñÿ.

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà ìîæåòñ÷èòàòüñÿ â îáëàñòè áëàãîïîëó÷íûì âèäîì,íå òðåáóþùèì ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåð îõðàíû.

×èñëåííîñòü ñïëþøêè, çàíåñ¸ííîé âÊðàñíóþ êíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè,îêàçàëàñü, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, íà ïîðÿäîêâûøå, ÷åì ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü ðàíåå. Öåëåñî-îáðàçíî ðàññìîòðåòü íà êîìèññèè ïî Êðàñ-íîé êíèãå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè âîïðîñèñêëþ÷åíèÿ ñïëþøêè èç Êðàñíîé êíèãè èâêëþ÷åíèÿ å¸ â Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 ê Êðàñíîéêíèãå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè.

Ñåðóþ íåÿñûòü íåîáõîäèìî âíåñòè âÊðàñíóþ êíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè âêàòåãîðèþ Á (óÿçâèìûé âèä, áûñòðî ñîêðà-ùàþùèé ÷èñëåííîñòü). Ïåðâîî÷åðåäíûåìåðû ïî å¸ ñîõðàíåíèþ è âîññòàíîâëåíèþ– íå äîïóùåíèå âûðóáêè ñòàðûõ äóïëèñ-òûõ äåðåâüåâ â íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòàõ è óñòà-íîâêà èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé (çàêðûòûåãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè ñ äèàìåòðîì ëåòêà 12–15ñì) â àíòðîïîãåííîì ëàíäøàôòå è ïîéìåí-íûõ ëåñàõ. Áèîòåõíè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿîñîáåííî àêòóàëüíû â Ïðåäâîëæüå.

Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü – îäèí èç ñàìûõáëàãîïîëó÷íûõ âèäîâ ñîâîîáðàçíûõ íà òåð-ðèòîðèè Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, íå íóæ-äàþùèéñÿ â ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåðàõ îõðàíû.

×èñëåííîñòü áîðîäàòîé íåÿñûòè â Íèæå-ãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè îêàçàëàñü âûøå, ÷åìïðåäïîëàãàëîñü ðàíåå. Òåì íå ìåíåå, âèäêðàéíå óÿçâèì. Ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ öåëåñîîá-ðàçíûì ñîõðàíèòü äëÿ äàííîãî âèäà êàòå-ãîðèþ À. Ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ óñòàíîâêà ãíåçäî-âûõ ïëàòôîðì ïî îêðàèíàì êðóïíûõáîëîòíûõ ìàññèâîâ.

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Áàêêà À.È. Áîðîäàòàÿ íåÿñûòü âÍèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ðåäêèå âèäû ïòèöÍå÷åðíîçåìíîãî öåíòðà Ðîññèè. Ìàòåðèàëû ñî-âåù. «Ðåäêèå ïòèöû öåíòðà Åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòèÐîññèè», Ìîñêâà, 25–26 ÿíâàðÿ 1995 ã. Ì.,1998. Ñ. 151–153.

Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Êèñåë¸âà Í.Þ., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì.Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Íè-æåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. Ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå.Í.Íîâãîðîä: Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé Ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîëî-ãè÷åñêèé Ñîþç, Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò», 2004. 95 ñ.

Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Êèñ¸ëåâà Í.Þ. ×èñëåííîñòü è ðàñ-ïðîñòðàíåíèå ñîâ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. –Ñîâû Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè. Ì., 2005. Ñ. 211–218.

Âîðîíåöêèé Â.È., Òèøå÷êèí À.Ê., Äåìÿí÷èê Â.Ò.Ìåòîäû ó÷¸òà ñîâ. – Ìåòîäû èçó÷åíèÿ è îõðà-íû õèùíûõ ïòèö (Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè).Ì., 1989. Ñ. 23–36.

Âîðîíöîâ Å.Ì. Ïòèöû Ãîðüêîâñêîé îáëàñòè.Ãîðüêèé, Âîëãî-Âÿòòñêîå êíèæíîå èçäàòåëüñòâî,1967. 167 ñ.

Çèìèí Í.È. Ïòèöû. – Ïðèðîäà Ãîðüêîâñêîéîáëàñòè. – Ãîðüêèé, Âîëãî-Âÿòñêîå êíèæíîå èçä-âî, 1974. 319–365.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè (ìåòîäè÷åñ-êèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî èçó÷åíèþ ñîêîëîîáðàç-íûõ è ñîâîîáðàçíûõ). Í. Íîâãîðîä: Èçäàòåëü-ñòâî «Ïîâîëæüå», 2004. 351 ñ.

Êèðïè÷íèêîâ Á.Ä. Ìàòåðèàëû ê ïîçíàíèþïòèö Êîñòðîìñêîé ãóáåðíèè. – Ìàòåðèàëû ê ïî-çíàíèþ ôàóíû è ôëîðû Ðîññèéñêîé Èìïåðèè.Îòä. çîîëîãè÷åñêèé. Âûïóñê XIV. Ì. 1915. Ñ.380–435.

Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. Ò. 1.Æèâîòíûå. 2004. Í. Íîâãîðîä. 380 ñ.

Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. Ïåðâûé ñëó÷àé ãíåçäîâàíèÿäëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â Íèæíåì Íîâãîðîäå. –Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹2. Ñ. 60.

Ïóçàíîâ È.È., Êîçëîâ Â.È., Êèïàðèñîâ Ã.Ï.Æèâîòíûé ìèð Ãîðüêîâñêîé îáëàñòè: (Ïîçâî-íî÷íûå). – 2-å äîï. èçä. – Ãîðüêèé: Êí. èçä-âî,1955. 432 ñ.

Ðàâêèí Å.Ñ., ×åëèíöåâ Í.Ã. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèåðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî êîìïëåêñíîìó ìàðøðóòíîìóó÷¸òó ïòèö. Ì.: ÂÍÈÈ îõðàíû ïðèðîäû è çàïî-âåäíîãî äåëà, 1990. 33 ñ.

Ñåðåáðîâñêèé Ï.Â. Ìàòåðèàëû ê èçó÷åíèþîðíèòîôàóíû Íèæåãîðîäñêîé ãóáåðíèè. – Âêí.: Ìàòåðèàëû ê ïîçíàíèþ ôàóíû è ôëîðûÐîññèè. Îòä. çîîë., âûï. 15, Ì. 1918. Ñ. 23–134.

Ñîñòîÿíèå îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è ïðèðîäíûõðåñóðñîâ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 2003 ã.Åæåãîäíûé äîêëàä. Í.Íîâãîðîä, 2004. 232 ñ.


Ìåòîäèêà

Â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà ïî èçó÷åíèþ è îõðà-íå áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) â Êàçàõñòàíå,ðåàëèçóåìîì íà ñðåäñòâà Èíñòèòóòà èññëå-äîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ (Falcon Research Institute,Carmarthen, IWC; UK) è Àãåíòñòâà ïî îõ-ðàíå îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû ÎáúåäèíåííûõÀðàáñêèõ Ýìèðàòîâ (ERWDA, UAE), Öåíò-ðîì ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïîñåùàëñÿ ãðÿ-äîâî-ìåëêîñîïî÷íûé ìàññèâ Óëóòàó. Ýòîòìàññèâ çàíèìàåò çàïàäíóþ ÷àñòü Êàçàõñêî-ãî ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà íà ïëîùàäè îêîëî 20òûñ. êì2 è ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ íà ãðàíèöå ïîëó-ïóñòûííîé è ñòåïíîé çîí. Îñíîâíóþ ÷àñòüòåððèòîðèè çàíèìàþò âñõîëìëåííûå ñòå-ïè, ñèëüíî èçðåçàííûå âðåìåííûìè âîäî-òîêàìè ñ ìàññîé âëàæíûõ çàïàäèí. Ñêàëü-íûå îáíàæåíèÿ â âèäå ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàë èâîäîðàçäåëüíûõ îñòàíöîâûõ ãðÿä äîñòàòî÷-íî ðåäêè. Êðóïíûõ âîäîðàçäåëüíûõ ñêàëü-íûõ ìàññèâîâ âñåãî òðè, è îíè óäàëåíû äðóãîò äðóãà íà äåñÿòêè êèëîìåòðîâ. Äðåâåñ-íàÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü â âèäå êîëêîâûõ ëåñîâ,ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî èç îñèíû,ðàñïðîñòðàíåíà ïî óùåëüÿìñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ.

Äàííàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ îáñëå-äîâàëàñü 29 àïðåëÿ – 7 ìàÿ2005 ã. Ãðóïïà ïåðåäâèãà-ëàñü íà àâòîìîáèëå ÓÀÇ31519. Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòü ýêñïåäèöèîííîãî ìàð-øðóòà ñîñòàâèëà 636 êì. Îñ-íîâíîå âíèìàíèå áûëîóäåëåíî îáñëåäîâàíèþ ñêàëü-íûõ îáíàæåíèé ðàçëè÷íîãîòèïà è ëåñíûõ êîëêîâ. Òåì íåìåíåå, ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü âñåõèùíûå ïòèöû è, ïî âîçìîæ-íîñòè, èñêàëèñü èõ ãí¸çäà.

Methods

In 2005 we continued the surveys of theraptor population of Kazakhstan which wasstarted in 2003. In this season a field groupof the Field Research Center surveyedCentral Kazakhstan (29 April –7 May 2005).

The total length of the survey routes was636 km. We set two new study areas with atotal area of 310.63 km2 (¹ 38 – 147.49km2, ¹ 39 – 163.14 km2) for monitoringthe numbers of raptors in the Ulutau region(fig. 1).

The Ulutau region is a large territory inCentral Kazakhstan. The region includes theUlutau mountains and steppe hills aroundthe Ulutau mountains. The total area of theUlutau region is 20 000 km2. The locatedbreeding territories of raptors were GPSedand mapped using in GIS software (ArcView3.2a, ESRI, CA, USA) for the subsequentcalculation of the density (Karyakin, 2000,2004). The study areas include 4 types of

The�birds�of�prey�and�owls�of�the�Ulutau�mountains

ХИЩНЫЕ�ПТИЦЫ�И�СОВЫ�УЛУТАУ

I.V.�Karyakin�(Center�for�Field�Studies,�Russia,�N.Novgorod)

T.O.�Barabashin�(Ulyanovsk�Branch�of�the�Russian�Bird�Conservation�Union,

Rostov-na-Donu)

И.В.�Каря�ин�(Центр�полевых�исследований,�Россия,�Н.Нов/ород)

Т.О.�Барабашин�(Ульяновс�ое�отделение�Союза�охраны�птиц�России,

Ростов-на-Дон$)

Êîíòàêò:

Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]

Òèìîôåé ÁàðàáàøèíÓëüÿíîâñêîå îòäåëåíèåÑîþçà îõðàíû ïòèöÐîññèè,Ðîññèÿ 344065Ðîñòîâ-íà-Äîíóïåð. Äíåïðîâñêèéä. 118, êâ. [email protected]

Contact:

Igor KaryakinLeader by Center ofField StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]

Tim BarabashinUlyanovsk Branchof the Russian BirdConservation Union,Dneprovsky lane,118–520Rostov-na-Donu344065 [email protected]

Çàïàäíûé ñêëîí ãîðû Óëóòàó íà ñíèìêå Landsat–7, òðàíñôîðìè-ðîâàííîì 3D-ìîäóëåì (1), è íà ôîòîãðàôèè (2). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The western side of Ulutau mount on the satellite image Landsat 7transformed by 3D-module (1) and this side on photo (2). Photo byI. Karyakin


Ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïûîñìàòðèâàëèñü â îïòèêó (áè-íîêëè 8õ30, 12õ50) ñ öåëüþîáíàðóæåíèÿ íèø è ãíåçäî-âûõ ïîñòðîåê, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèù-íèêîâ. Îáíàðóæåííûå íèøèè ãíåçäîâûå ïîñòðîéêè ñïðèçíàêàìè èõ çàñåëåíèÿõèùíèêàìè, íåäîñòóïíûåäëÿ áûñòðîãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿáåç àëüïèíèñòñêîãî ñíàðÿæå-íèÿ, ïîäðîáíî îñìàòðèâà-ëèñü â òðóáó 30–60õ, äëÿ âû-ÿñíåíèÿ èõ çàíÿòîñòè. Â ñâÿçèñî ñëîæíîñòüþ ðåëüåôà îñ-íîâíûõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâÓëóòàó, îíè îáñëåäîâàëèñü íàïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ

õèùíûõ ïòèö â õîäå ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòîâ. Ïîäãíåçäîâûìè ó÷àñòêàìè ìû ïîäðàçóìåâàåìòåððèòîðèè, íà êîòîðûõ îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸ç-äà õèùíûõ ïòèö, âñòðå÷åíû âçðîñëûå ïòè-öû, íåîäíîêðàòíî ïðîÿâëÿâøèå ïðèçíàêèáåñïîêîéñòâà. Ê âîçìîæíûì ãíåçäîâûìó÷àñòêàì ìû ïðèðàâíèâàåì èþíüñêèåâñòðå÷è âçðîñëûõ ïòèö ñ äîáû÷åé, íåî-äíîêðàòíî ðåãèñòðèðîâàâøèõñÿ íà îäíîéè òîé æå òåððèòîðèè.

Âûÿâëÿåìûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ êàðòèðîâàëèñü, äàííûå âíîñèëèñüâ ñðåäó ÃÈÑ (ArcView 3.2a, ESRI, CA, USA),ãäå è ïðîèçâîäèëñÿ ðàñ÷¸ò îáùåé ÷èñëåí-íîñòè êàæäîãî âèäà â îòäåëüíîñòè (Êàðÿêèí,2000, 2004). Äëÿ ó÷¸òà è ðàñ÷¸òà ÷èñëåí-íîñòè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â þæíîé è öåí-òðàëüíîé ÷àñòÿõ ãðÿäîâî-ìåëêîñîïî÷íîãîìàññèâà áûëè çàëîæåíû 2 ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàä-êè îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 310,63 êì2 (¹ 38 –147,49 êì2, ¹ 39 – 163,14 êì2) (ðèñ. 1).Ïëîùàäêè âêëþ÷àëè â ñåáÿ 4 òèïà ñêàëü-íûõ îáíàæåíèé, õàðàêòåðíûõ äëÿ èññëå-äóåìîé òåððèòîðèè (ðèñ. 2). Íà îñíîâå ðà-

rocks and cliffs, which are very character forthe surveying territory (fig. 2).

The total area of the outcrops of high rocksand cliffs in the Ulutau region occupy 556.0km2 (n=46; 0.48 – 197.56 km2, average12.1±29.4 km2; average ± SD), and the areaof similar habitats of the rocks and cliffswithin the study areas was 94.72 km2

(17.1%) (fig. 3). The total area of forests inthe Ulutau region was (n=97) 45.71 km2,the same within the study areas was 4.7 km2

(10.3%). The numbers species, breeding inrocks, cliffs and forests, were extrapolatedfor the total area on the basis of the surveys.

Results of studies

Fifteen species of Falconiformes and 5species of Strigiformes were found on thesurveyed territory, and 11 species ofFalconiformes and 2 Owls species wereproven breeders (table 1).

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)A single bird was recorded on the 29th of

April near the Saryiasu river.Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus)Three breeding areas were found (fig. 4).

On 3 May a pair of Short-Toed Eagles(territory ¹ 1) was noted, and a single birdwas spotted over the Bozdaksay river (Bala-Zheldy). On 6 May a bird uttering it’smating-calls (territory ¹ 2) was recordedover a rock in the upper reaches of theTamda river. On 7 May a Short-Toed Eagleover a nest (territory ¹ 3) was noted in thewestern side of Dondyg mountain. On 5May we observed a Short-Toed Eagle, flyingon a large distance next to Ulutau mount.We may project 5–10 pairs of the Short-ToedEagle breeding in the Ulutau mountains.

Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus)Single birds flying on a large distance were

observed on 1 and 5 May in the upperreaches of the Kumola river and near Ulutaumount.

Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)We found 4 breeding territories on a rock

with total area more than 10 km2, 3 fromwhich were located on study areas (fig. 5).An active nest of the Golden Eagle locatedon a rock was found on 2 May (territory ¹1). On 4 May a pair of adult birds (territory¹ 2) was observed at the western side ofUlutau mount near the nest. At a distanceof 13.7 km from the previous breedingterritory on 6 May in southern cliffy parts ofthe Ulutau mountai another breeding areaof the Golden Eagle (territory ¹ 3) wasfound. The fourth breeding area was found

Ðèñ. 1. Ðàñïîëîæåíèå ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùà-äîê è ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ, îöèôðîâàííûõïî êîñìîñíèìêàì Landsat–7

Fig. 1. Location of surveyed plots and rocksverified by using satellite images Landsat–

Ðèñ. 2. Òèïû ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, âèäèìûå íà êîñìîñíèìêàõ Landsat–7

Fig. 2. The types of rocks on the satellite images Landsat–7


ñòðîâûõ êàðò Ì 1:500000 è êîñìîñíèì-êîâ Landsat–7 áûëè ïîäãîòîâëåíû âåêòîð-íûå òåìàòè÷åñêèå ñëîè. Äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè íàñêàëüíîãíåçäÿùèõñÿ âèäîâ âñåñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ, èìåþùèå îòâåñíûåñòåíû âûñîòîé áîëåå 3-õ ì, âèäèìûå íàêîñìîñíèìêàõ Landsat–7, áûëè îöèôðî-âàíû (ðèñ. 3), îïðåäåëåíà èõ ïëîùàäü, íàêîòîðóþ ïðÿìî ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàëèñü ó÷¸ò-íûå äàííûå ñ ïëîùàäîê. Ïëîùàäü òàêèõñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé (46 êëàñòåðîâ) ñîñòà-âèëà 556,0 êì2 (0,48 – 197,56 êì2, â ñðåä-íåì 12,1±29,4 êì2; çäåñü è äàëåå M±SD).Áîëüøèíñòâî ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé ïî ïëî-ùàäè íå ïðåâûøàëè 10 êì2, è ëèøü ïëî-ùàäü 12 êëàñòåðîâ áûëà âûøå (26,1% îòîáùåãî êîë-âà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, âû-äåëåííûõ ïî êîñìîñíèìêàì, 79,1% îò èõîáùåé ïëîùàäè). Ïëîùàäü ñêàëüíûõ îáíà-æåíèé íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ ñîñòàâèëà94,72 êì2 (17,1% îò îáùåé ïëîùàäè âûäå-ëåííûõ ñêàë). Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü ñêàëüíûõîáíàæåíèé, âêëþ÷àÿ êàìåííûå ãðÿäû, ñî-ñòàâèëà îêîëî 1000 êì2. ×èñëåííîñòü ëåñ-íûõ âèäîâ ðàññ÷èòûâàëàñü äëÿ ïëîùàäè ëå-ñîâ èñõîäÿ èç ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ëåñíûõïëîùàäÿõ. Ïëîùàäü ëåñîíàñàæäåíèé (97êëàñòåðîâ) ñîñòàâèëà 45,71 êì2. Ïëîùàäüëåñîíàñàæäåíèé íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõñîñòàâèëà 4,7 êì2 (10,3% îò èõ îáùåé ïëî-ùàäè íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè).

Ó÷¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäîâ, íå ïðèâÿçàííûõíà ãíåçäîâàíèè ê âûäåëåííûì ñêàëàì èëèêîëêîâûì ëåñàì, îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ â õîäåìàðøðóòîâ íà íåîãðàíè÷åííîé ïîëîñå (Êà-ðÿêèí, 2000, 2004), äàííûå çàíîñèëèñü âDistance 4.1 (Buckland et all., 2001), ñ ïî-ìîùüþ êîòîðîé è îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ ðàñ÷¸ò÷èñëåííîñòè íà îáùóþ ïëîùàäü òåððèòî-ðèè âûäåëåííîãî â ÃÈÑ ïîëèãîíà.

Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé

Íà îáñëåäîâàííîé òåððèòîðèè âñòðå÷å-íî 15 âèäîâ ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ è 5 âèäîâñîâîîáðàçíûõ, äëÿ 11 âèäîâ ñîêîëîîáðàç-

on 7 May in the rocks of the western side ofthe Dondyg mountan. The density was 0.03pairs per km2. A total of 10–18 pairs (14pairs at average) are estimated to be at theUlutau mountains.

Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca)Nine breeding territories of the Imperial

Eagle were found (fig. 6). Three breedingterritories (territories ¹¹ 3–5) were foundon rocks: only 2 were on study areas. All 3nests were occupied: females wereincubating clutches. Two nests located onthe tops of aspen trees in a small forestedcanyons; one nest was on the top of a willowtree in a small forest in the upper reaches ofa stream in a steppe. The distance betweenthe two latter nests was 5 km. The densityin the rock forests was 0.13 pair per km2. Atotal of 18–20 pairs are estimated to live inthe Ulutau mountains. The breedingterritories of the Imperial Eagle ¹¹ 1–2and 9 were located in the flood-planes ofrivers. In the two latter territories on 30 Apriland 7 May occupied nests of the ImperialEagles were found on single willow trees.On the watershed of the Tamda and theKara-Kengir rivers 3 breeding areas of theImperial Eagles (territories ¹¹ 6–8) withactive nests were located on concreteelectric poles. The distances between nestswere 9.8 and 5.6 km respectively. All thenests of the Imperial Eagles on electric polesand trees coincided with the steppe hillsaround the Ulutau mountains. The densitywas a 0.35–0.53 pair per 100 km2 (0.44 pairper 100 km2 on average). A total of 56–82pairs (71 pairs, average) are extrapolatedfor the steppe hills around the Ulutaumountains (16000 km2), while a total of 74–102 pairs are estimated in the Ulutau region.

Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis)In contrast to the Golden and Imperial

Eagles, the Steppe Eagle wasn’t foundbreeding on rocks in the Ulutau mountains.The Steppe Eagle is a common-breeder inthe steppe hills around the Ulutaumountains especially in the southern part.We recorded 26 Steppe Eagles and found11 breeding territories (fig. 7): 16 individualswere noted within 10 breeding territories;they were concentrated in the upper reaches

Ðèñ. 3. Ïëîùàäêà ¹ 39. Îáðàçåö âåêòîðèçàöèè ñêàëü-íûõ îáíàæåíèé ïî êîñìîñíèìêó Landsat 7, ïðåîá-ðàçîâàííîìó 3D-ìîäóëåì (1), è âíåøíèé âèä ýòèõ æåñêàë íà ôîòîãðàôèè (2). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Fig. 3. Plots ¹ 39. Sample of rock verifications on thesatellite image Landsat 7 transformed by 3D-module(1) and these rocks on photo (2). Photo by I. Karyakin


íûõ è 2-õ âèäîâ ñîâ óñòàíîâëåíî ãíåçäî-âàíèå (òàáë. 1).

Ñêîïà (Pandion haliaetus)Ïðîë¸òíûé âèä. Îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà íàáëþ-

äàëàñü 29 àïðåëÿ íà îïîðå ËÝÏ íà òåððà-ñå ð. Ñàðûñó áëèç óñòüÿ ð. Êàðàêåíãèð.

Çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus)Ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä èññëåäóåìîé

òåððèòîðèè. Â ïåðèîä íàøåé ðàáîòû çìåå-ÿäû åù¸ íå ïðèñòóïèëè ê êëàäêå, è, âåñüìàâåðîÿòíî, ÷òî íå íà âñåõ ó÷àñòêàõ ïòèöûóæå ïðèñóòñòâîâàëè. Òåì íå ìåíåå, íàìóäàëîñü ëîêàëèçîâàòü 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàýòèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðó-

ãà íà äåñÿòêè êèëîìåòðîâ(ðèñ. 4): 3 ìàÿ ïàðà çìååÿäîâ(ó÷àñòîê ¹ 1) ñîâåðøàëà äå-ìîíñòðàòèâíûå ïîë¸òû ïðèòðåòüåé ïòèöå íàä äîëèíîé ð.Áîçäàêñàé (Áàëà-Æåëäû), 6ìàÿ òîêóþùàÿ ïòèöà (ó÷àñòîê¹ 2) íàáëþäàëàñü íàä ñêàëü-íûì îñòàíöåì â âåðõîâüÿõ ð.Òàìäû, 7 ìàÿ çìååÿä, ñîâåð-øàþùèé äåìîíñòðàòèâíûéïîë¸ò íàä ãíåçäîì (ó÷àñòîê¹ 3), íàáëþäàëñÿ íàä ëåñ-íûì êîëêîì íà çàïàäíîìñêëîíå ã. Äîíäûã. Ïîìèìîýòèõ âñòðå÷, 5 ìàÿ çìååÿä,

of the Kumola river (territories ¹¹ 1–10).Such a distribution pattern was reflecting ourtechnique of searching for of breedingterritories and nests of the Steppe Eagle.During our survey 6 nests were found: in 3nests females were hutching eggs (territories¹¹ 1, 4, 9), near 2 nests pairs of birdswere building their nests (territories ¹¹3, 8), and an old nest was found in alreadyoccupied territory (¹ 1). Three nests werelocated on ledges (2) and on the top (1) oflittle cliff along dry streams and 3 nests wereon ledges (2) and on the top (1) of rockslocated on tops (2) and slopes (1) ofwatershed mountains. The distance betweenoccupied nests and the breeding areacenters was (n=8) 2.0±0.73 km on average(1.24–3.27 km). The density was a 0.84 pairper 100 km2, and a total of 119–199 pairs(159 pairs at average) are estimated in theUlutau region (19000 km2).

Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus)Six breeding territories of the Long-legged

Buzzards with active and old nests werefound (fig. 8). Occupied nests were foundonly in 3 breeding territories in the southernpart of the territory (territories ¹¹ 1–3)and had clutches with 3, 3, and 2 eggsrespectively. In territory ¹ 4 a pair of birdswas actively building a nest, while in the

Òàáë. 1. ×èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâTable 1. The number of breeding raptors

Ðèñ. 4. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ çìåå-ÿäà (Circaetus gallicus)

Fig. 4. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theShort-Toed Eagle (Circa-etus gallicus)


ïðîëåòàâøèé íà áîëüøîé âûñîòå, áûëâñòðå÷åí ïîä ãîðîé Óëóòàó. Ëèøü 1 ãíåç-äîâîé ó÷àñòîê çìååÿäîâ ïîïàë â ïðåäåëûó÷¸òíîé ïëîùàäêè, ïîýòîìó íåâîçìîæíîîáúåêòèâíî ðàññ÷èòàòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ýòîãîâèäà íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè.Ìîæíî ëèøü ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íà Óëó-òàó ãíåçäèòñÿ îêîëî 5–10 ïàð çìååÿäîâ.Ó÷èòûâàÿ íàõîæäåíèå âèäà íà ãíåçäîâàíèèâ àíàëîãè÷íûõ áèîòîïàõ Ìóãîäæàð (Ïà-æåíêîâ è äð., 2005) è âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè Êà-çàõñêîãî ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà (À.Ñ. Ëåâèí,ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå) ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü,÷òî çìååÿä ÿâëÿåòñÿ õàðàêòåðíûì ãíåçäÿ-ùèìñÿ ñ íèçêîé ïëîòíîñòüþ âèäîì ìåëêî-ñîïî÷íûõ ëàíäøàôòîâ Öåíòðàëüíîãî Êà-çàõñòàíà, îäíàêî ïîêà ðàññ÷èòàòü åãî÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ âñåé ðàññìàòðèâàåìîéòåððèòîðèè íå õâàòàåò äàííûõ.

Ãðèô (Aegypius monachus)Çàë¸òíûé âèä. Îäèíî÷íûå ïòèöû, ïðîëå-

òàâøèå íà áîëüøîé âûñîòå, íàáëþäàëèñü1 è 5 ìàÿ â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Êóìîëà è áëèçã. Óëóòàó ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos)Ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä èññëåäóåìîé

òåððèòîðèè. Âûÿâëåíî 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êà, ïðèóðî÷åííûõ ê êðóïíûì ñêàëüíûì îñ-òàíöàì (êëàñòåðû ïëîùàäüþ áîëüøå 10 êì2),3 èç êîòîðûõ ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ó÷¸òíûõïëîùàäêàõ (ðèñ. 5). Æèëîå ãíåçäî áåðêó-òà, ðàñïîëîæåííîå â íèøå ñòåíêè óùåëüÿöåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè îñòàíöà, áûëî îáíàðó-æåíî 2 ìàÿ (ó÷àñòîê ¹ 1). Ñàìêà íàñèæè-âàëà êëàäêó. 4 ìàÿ ïàðà âçðîñëûõ ïòèö(ó÷àñòîê ¹ 2) íàáëþäàëàñü â âåðõíåé ÷à-ñòè óùåëüÿ íà çàïàäíîì ñêëîíå ñêàëüíîãîìàññèâà ã. Óëóòàó. Â íèøå ñòåíû â öåíò-ðàëüíîé ÷àñòè óùåëüÿ ðàñïîëàãàëîñü ñòà-ðîå ãíåçäî ïòèö. Åù¸ îäíà ãíåçäîâàÿ ïîñò-ðîéêà ðàñïîëàãàëàñü íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîéñòåíêå óùåëüÿ, íî îíà íàìè íå áûëà ïðî-âåðåíà. 6 ìàÿ â 13,7 êì îò ïðåäûäóùåãî

ó÷àñòêà â þæíîé ÷àñòèñêàëüíîãî ìàññèâà ã. Óëóòàóáûë îáíàðóæåí åù¸ îäèíãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê áåðêóòîâ(ó÷àñòîê ¹ 3). Ïóñòîå ãíåç-äî, ïîäíîâë¸ííîå ïòèöàìè,ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ïîëêå ñòå-íû â ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè óùåëüÿ.Ïàðà ñîñòîÿëà èç ñòàðîé ñàì-êè è ñàìöà 3-õ ëåòíåãî âîç-ðàñòà. ×åòâ¸ðòûé ãíåçäîâîéó÷àñòîê (ïóñòîå ãíåçäî âíèøå ëèöåâîé ñòåíêè ñêàëü-íîãî îñòàíöà, ïðè êîòîðîìäåðæàëàñü âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà)áûë îáíàðóæåí 7 ìàÿ â

territories ¹¹ 5–6 birds hadn’t begun tobuild their nests yet. A total of 13 nests ofthe Long-legged Buzzard were found(including old nests on the occupiedterritories), and out of them only 2 nestswere located in niches, the rest were onledges of large rocks (6), cliffs (6) and smallrocks (1). The density was a 0.02 pair per100 km2 for large rocks. While the mostbreeding areas of the Long-legged Buzzardcoincide with small cliff-faces out of optimalbreeding places of eagles. From 37 to 57pairs (47 pairs on average) breed in theUlutau region.

Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus)On 30 April a pair was observed near a

reservoir 15.5 km south from Zhezkazgan.A hunting male was recorded near Ulutaumount on 5 May. We project the totalnumber in the Ulutau mountains as no morethan 3–5 pairs.

Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus)We noted Montagu’s Harrier regularly

from 5 May to the north from Ulutau mount.The number of the species was just slightlyless than the number of the Pallid Harrier.Breeding of this species was noted in thebushes and grasslands along river andstream valleys, particular near small forests.Some 23 breeding territories were found (21– while making car routes). The males utteringtheir mating-calls were registered on the mostbreeding areas, and on 3 areas birds werebuilding nests. According the auto routrecords the density was a 3.30 pair per 100km2 for the whole territory, or 6.67 pair per100 km2 for the northern part of the territory.A total of 583–683 pairs (633 pairs ataverage) are estimated in the Ulutau region.

Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus) 7

This is the most numerous raptor in theUlutau region. It occupies all types of moisttreeless areas. We found 53 breedingterritory (fig. 9): 48 – during autoroutes and5 – while surveying on foot. In the 4territories nests containing hatchingclutches, pairs issuing their mating callswere noted in 6 territories, and in the restterritories we registered males or pairs withbreeding behavior. The average distancebetween occupied nests and the centers ofbreeding territories (n=35) was 1.6±0.93 km(0.37–3.31 km). The density was a 7.55 pairper 100 km2. A total of 1459–1559 pairs(1509 pairs on average) are estimated forthe Ulutau region.

Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)Sparrowhawks probably breed in the large

forests in the canyons of Ulutau. During the

Ðèñ. 5. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåð-êóòà (Aquila chrysaetos)

Fig. 5. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theGolden Eagle (Aquilachrysaetos)


ñêàëüíîì ìàññèâå çàïàäíîãî ñêëîíà ã. Äîí-äûã. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,03 ïàð/êì2.Ó÷èòûâàÿ óñòàíîâëåííîå ãíåçäîâàíèå áåð-êóòà òîëüêî â êðóïíûõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõ,ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûì ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòüó÷¸òíûå äàííûå òîëüêî íà ïëîùàäü êðóï-íûõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ (440 êì2), ãäå ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü áåðêóòà îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 10–18 ïàð(â ñðåäíåì 14 ïàð). Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîâîéòåððèòîðèè ïàðû ïòèö ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî150 êì2. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòîãî ìîæíî ïðåäïî-ëîæèòü, ÷òî ñêàëüíûå ìàññèâû ïëîùàäüþ10–40 êì2 ìîãóò âìåñòèòü ïî 1 ãíåçäîâîìóó÷àñòêó îðëîâ, à â ñêàëüíîì ìàññèâå ãîðûÓëóòàó, ïëîùàäüþ 197,56 êì2, ìîæåò ãíåç-äèòüñÿ 4 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì,ðàñ÷¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòè áåðêóòà íà îñíîâà-íèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ âîçìîæíûõ ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòî-

ïàõ (15 ïàð) äà¸ò îöåíêèáëèçêèå ê òàêîâûì, ïîëó÷åí-íûì â ðåçóëüòàòå ïåðåñ÷¸òàïëîòíîñòè íà ïëîùàäü ñêàëü-íûõ îáíàæåíèé.

Ìîãèëüíèê(Aquila heliaca)Íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé ãíåçäÿ-

ùèéñÿ âèä, ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í-íûé ïî èññëåäóåìîé òåððè-òîðèè çíà÷èòåëüíî øèðåáåðêóòà. Ïî ìàðøðóòó ýêñïå-äèöèè îò äîëèíû ð. Ñàðûñóäî âåðõîâüåâ ð. Òåðèñàêàíâûÿâëåíî 9 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ ìîãèëüíèêîâ (ðèñ. 6). Íå-ïîñðåäñòâåííî â îñòàíöîâûõ

period of surveys 5 individuals (3 males anda pair with breeding behavior) were noted inforests of the central part of Ulutau. The densitywas a 0.85 pair per 100 km2. A special searchfor nests wasn’t performed. Considering therecord of an individual as a pair we canproject 35–43 pairs (39 pairs on average)breeding in the Ulutau mountains forests.

Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug)Breeding Sakers were found only in the

rocks of the Ulutau mountains. Theypreferred large rocks, but some pairs bredon the small river cliffs. Several breedingareas were found, and all of them were inthe study areas (fig. 10). On 6 breedingterritories 8 nests of falcons were found, alloriginally built by Long-legged Buzzards.Three nests in two breeding territories werelocated on river cliffs: 2 on ledges and onein a niche. The other 5 nests were locatedin the central parts with the large rocks: fourwere on ledges and one on a cliff. On 3 Mayin Saker nest in the territory ¹ 3 we founda fresh clutch with 4-eggs, the nest in theterritory ¹ 5 on 4 May contained 5 chicksat the age of few days. The average distancebetween nests (n=5) was 7.72±1,63 km(6.62–9.86 km). The density was a 0.07 pairper km2 of rocks and cliffs. A total of 28–38pairs of the Saker (33 pairs on average) areestimated in the Ulutau mountains.

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)We observed a single birds flying on small

height to the north on 3 May in the Kishutaumountains.

Hobby (Falco subbuteo)During the period of surveys we noted

only 7 pairs of the Hobbies: 6 pairs occupiednests and 1 pair began to breed (the femalewas laying). Six nests located in the crownests on aspens and one on a birch. Thedensity was a 1.49 pair per km2 of forests.A total of 63–73 pairs (68 pairs on average)are estimated in the Ulutau mountains.

Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)Kestrels were found breeding in forests (3

nests with the females incubating in crownests on aspens); on rocks (12 pairs,including 2 nests with females on clutchesin a niche of a rock and in a Long-leggedBuzzard building). The density was a 0.85pair per km2, and a total of 35–43 pairs (39pairs at average) were estimated in forestsof the Ulutau mountains. The density in rocksand cliffs was a 0.13 pair per km2, total of65–75 pairs (70 pairs on average) areestimated for the Ulutau mountains. TheKestrels were also found to breed in ruinsof villages (30–50 pairs). A total of 130–168

Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà ñ êëàä-êîé. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the GoldenEagle with a clutch. Pho-to by I. Karyakin

Ðèñ. 6. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìî-ãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca)

Fig. 6. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theImperial Eagle (Aquilaheliaca)


ãîðàõ îáíàðóæåíî ëèøü 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêà ìîãèëüíèêîâ (ó÷àñòêè ¹¹ 3–5), èçêîòîðûõ ëèøü 2 ó÷àñòêà â ïðåäåëàõ ó÷¸ò-íûõ ïëîùàäîê. Âñå 3 ãíåçäà áûëè æèëûìè– â íèõ ñàìêè íàñèæèâàëè êëàäêè. Äâà ãíåç-äà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà âåðøèíàõ îñèí â íå-áîëüøèõ êîëêàõ â âåðøèíàõ óùåëèé ñêàëü-íûõ îñòàíöåâ, è îäíî ãíåçäî – íà âåðøèíåèâû â êîëêå â âåðõîâüÿõ ðó÷üÿ ñðåäè óâà-ëèñòîé ñòåïè. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó äâóìÿïîñëåäíèìè ãí¸çäàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò 5 êì.Ïëîòíîñòü, ñ êîòîðîé ìîãèëüíèê ãíåçäèò-ñÿ â ëåñîíàñàæäåíèÿõ âäîëü îñòàíöîâûõãîð, ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,13 ïàð/êì2. Îáùàÿ ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü â Óëóòàó îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 18–20 ïàð.Àíàëîãè÷íóþ îöåíêó (20 ïàð) äà¸ò ðàñ÷¸ò÷èñëåííîñòè ìîãèëüíèêà íà îáùóþ ïëîùàäüîñåâîé ÷àñòè Óëóòàó (4 òûñ. êì2) ïî ïëîòíî-ñòè (0,51 ïàð/100 êì2), ïîëó÷åííîé íà àâòî-ìàðøðóòàõ âäîëü îñòàíöîâûõ ãðÿä. Ãíåçäî-âûå ó÷àñòêè ìîãèëüíèêîâ ¹¹ 1–2 è 9ïðèóðî÷åíû ê ïîéìàì ðåê. Íà äâóõ ïîñ-

pairs of the Kestrel (149 pairs) wereestimated in the Ulutau mountains.

Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni)Lesser Kestrels inhabit niches and cliffs.

We observed pairs of the Lesser Kestrel nearnesting niches and uttering their mating-calls, sometimes males feeding females,sitting in nests, but we noted no clutches inthe surveyed nests. A total of 55 pairs wererecorded. The majority of the birds (85,5%pairs) were concentrated into 7 colonies (fig.11), consisted of 5–10 pairs per each(6.7±2.4 pairs per colony on average). Thegroups of 2–4 pairs of Lesser Kestrels areevenly distributed across the Ulutaumountains. The density was a 0.51 pair perkm2 for rocks and cliffs, while a total of 272–292 pairs (282 pairs at average) areestimated in the Ulutau mountains.

Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo)In the studied area we found 8 breeding

territories of the Eagle Owl (fig. 12). All foundbreeding territories located in on rocks andcliffs. Considering the signs of the Eagle Owlpresence, we project the Eagle Owl toinhabit ravines close to the Ulutaumountains, river cliffs along the great rivers,such as the Sarysu river (territory ¹ 8). Inthe upper reaches of the Kumola river on 30April we found 3 breeding territories on theriver cliffs: a pair of birds, a pair near anempty nest and the occupied nest with theclutch of 4 eggs (territory ¹ 3). In the studyarea ¹ 38 we made a dedicated to the EagleOwl search. As a result 3 breeding territorieswere found. The nests of two pairs (one hada dead clutch of 3 eggs and with 2 chicks infirst down plumages – territory ¹ 5) werenoted in rocks and occupied for many yearsa nest a pair of the Eagle Owl (empty) – on ariver cliff. One more nest was found on ariver cliff on 4 May out of the study area.Also we recorded the signs of Eagle Owlpresence on rocks of Ulutau mount (territory¹ 39), unfortunately we don’t have enoughtime for searching the Eagle Owl nests. Thedensity was a 0.16 pair per km2 for rocksand cliffs. A total of 83–93 pairs (88 pairs ataverage) were estimated in the Ulutaumountains. The distance between livingnests and the centers of breeding areas ofEagle Owls (n=4) was 7.0±4,15 km (1.2–10.26 km). On the steppe hills around theUlutau mountains 36–46 pairs breed, whilea total of 119–139 pairs are estimated in theUlutau region (20000 km2).

Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus)Long-eared owls breed in small forests in

canyons on the Ulutau mountains. A single

ëåäíèõ ó÷àñòêàõ 30 àïðåëÿ è 7 ìàÿ ñîîò-âåòñòâåííî áûëè îáíàðóæåíû æèëûå ãí¸ç-äà ìîãèëüíèêîâ, ðàñïîëîæåííûå íà îäè-íî÷íûõ èâàõ. Íà âîäîðàçäåëå ðåê Òàìäû èÊàðà-Êåíãèð âûÿâëåíû 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êà ìîãèëüíèêîâ (ó÷àñòêè ¹¹ 6–8), æèëûåãí¸çäà êîòîðûõ ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ãîðèçîí-òàëüíûõ òðàâåðñàõ áåòîííûõ îïîð âûñîêî-âîëüòíîé ËÝÏ. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäà-ìè ñîñòàâèëî 9,8 è 5,6 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.Âñå ãíåçäà ìîãèëüíèêà íà ËÝÏ è äåðåâüÿõïðèóðî÷åíû ê õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûì ñòåïÿì,óäàë¸ííûì îò îñòàíöîâûõ ãðÿä Óëóòàó.Çäåñü ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ìîãèëüíèêà äàëåêî îòðàâíîìåðíîãî, ïîýòîìó ðàññ÷èòàòü ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü ìîæíî äîñòàòî÷íî ïðèáëèçèòåëü-íî, èñõîäÿ èç ïîêàçàòåëåé ïëîòíîñòè, ïî-

Ãíåçäî ìîãèëüíèêà ñêëàäêîé. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿ-êèíà

The nest of the ImperialEagle with a clutch. Pho-tos by I. Karyakin


ëó÷åííûõ â õîäå ó÷¸òà íà àâòîìàðøðóòàõ– 0,35–0,53 ïàð/100 êì2 (â ñðåäíåì 0,44ïàð/100 êì2). Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü ìîãèëüíèêà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â õîë-ìèñòî-óâàëèñòûõ ñòåïÿõ, ïðèëåãàþùèõ êîñòàíöîâûì ãðÿäàì Óëóòàó (16 òûñ. êì2),ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 56–82 ïàð (â ñðåä-íåì 71 ïàðà). Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ìîãèëü-íèêà íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè îöå-íèâàåòñÿ â 74–102 ïàðû.

Îð¸ë ñòåïíîé (Aquila nipalensis)Íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä,

øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûé ïî èññëåäóå-ìîé òåððèòîðèè. Â îòëè÷èåîò áåðêóòà è ìîãèëüíèêà,ñòåïíîé îð¸ë îòñóòñòâóåò íàãíåçäîâàíèè â êðóïíûõñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõ Óëóòàó. Âòî æå âðåìÿ îí ñ âûñîêîéïëîòíîñòüþ ãíåçäèòñÿ â áåç-ëåñíûõ õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûõñòåïÿõ âîêðóã îñòàíöîâûõãîð, îñîáåííî â þæíîé ÷àñ-òè ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà. Â öåëîìíà èññëåäîâàííîé òåððèòî-ðèè íàìè áûëî âñòðå÷åíî 26ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ è ëîêàëèçîâà-íî 11 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ(ðèñ. 7): 16 îñîáåé íàáëþäà-ëèñü íà 10 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-

êàõ, ñîñðåäîòî÷åííûõ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ââåðõîâüÿõ ð. Êóìîëà (ó÷àñòêè ¹¹ 1–10).Òàêàÿ êîíöåíòðàöèÿ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ íå ìàê-ñèìàëüíîé ïëîòíîñòüþ âèäà íà äàííîé òåð-ðèòîðèè, à òåì, ÷òî èìåííî çäåñü ìû óäå-ëèëè îñîáîå âíèìàíèå ëîêàëèçàöèèãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ è ïîèñêó ãí¸çä ñòåï-íîãî îðëà. Â õîäå ðàáîòû áûëî îáíàðó-æåíî 6 ãí¸çä, â 3-õ èç êîòîðûõ ñàìêè íà-ñèæèâàëè êëàäêè (ó÷àñòêè ¹¹ 1, 4 è 9),áëèç 2-õ ãí¸çä äåðæàëèñü ïàðû ïòèö è äî-ñòðàèâàëè ãí¸çäà (ó÷àñòêè ¹¹ 3 è 8), èîäíî ãíåçäî îêàçàëîñü ñòàðîé ïîñòðîéêîéíà çàíÿòîì ó÷àñòêå (¹ 1) ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ.Òðè ãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ïîëêàõ (2) èâåðøèíàõ (1) íåáîëüøèõ ñêàë ïî áåðåãàìâðåìåííûõ âîäîòîêîâ è 3 ãíåçäà – íà ïîë-êàõ (2) è âåðøèíàõ (1) ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäîââåðøèí (2) è ñêëîíîâ (1) âîäîðàçäåëüíûõñîïîê. Ïî äàííûì ìàðøðóòíûõ ó÷¸òîâ (ðå-ãèñòðàöèè ïàð è îäèíî÷íûõ ïòèö ìû â äàí-íîì ðàñ÷¸òå ïðèðàâíèâàåì ê ïàðàì, n=18)ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,84 ïàð/100 êì2, àîáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ âñåé òåððèòîðèèáåç ó÷¸òà ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ (19 òûñ. êì2)îöåíåíà â 119–199 ïàð (â ñðåäíåì 159ïàð). Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìè ãí¸çäàìèè öåíòðàìè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, íà êîòî-ðûõ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ïàðû ïòèö, ñîñòàâ-

nest with a clutch was found in a magpienest on a willow on 4 May. A male utteringits mating-calls was noted in a small aspenforest during the night 5/6 May. The densitywas a 0.43 pair per km2 for forests. A totalof 15–23 pairs (19 pairs at average) areestimated in the Ulutau mountains.

Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus)Perhaps the Short-eared Owl is a common

species in the Ulutau region butunfortunately at the time of our study thenumber of this species was low. Weobserved only 3 birds during the auto routes.The density was a 0.56 individual per 100êì2. A total of 66–146 pairs (106 pars ataverage) are estimated in the Ulutau region.

Little Owl (Athene noctua)The owls inhabit the cliffs. One pair with

charactering breeding behavior wasobserved on Ulutau mountain on 4/5 May.An adult bird was noted during a route on6 May. The density was a 0.02 pair per km2

of rocks and cliffs. A total of 7–17 pairs (12pairs at average) of little owls wereestimated in the Ulutau mountains.Unfortunately the records are insufficient forextrapolation.

Scops Owl (Otus scops)Males uttering their mating-calls were

registered during a day (3 individuals), andat night of 5/6 May (3 individuals). Thedensity was 2.65 pair per km2. A total of91–151 pairs (121 pairs at average) areestimated in forests of the Ulutau mountains.

Ðèñ. 7. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila

nipalensis)

Fig. 7. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theSteppe Eagle (Aquila ni-

palensis)

Ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà ñ êëàäêîé. Ôîòî È. Êà-ðÿêèíà

The nest of the Steppe Eagle with a clutch. Pho-to by I. Karyakin


ëÿåò (n=8) â ñðåäíåì 2,0±0,73 êì (1,24–3,27 êì). Ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷à-ñòêè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê îñåâîé ÷àñòè õîëìèñ-òî-óâàëèñòûõ âîäîðàçäåëîâ ðåê ñâûõîäàìè ìàòåðèíñêèõ ïîðîä ïî ñêëî-íàì è âåðøèíàì, ëèáî ê ñîïî÷íûì ëàíä-øàôòàì, âûòÿíóòûì âäîëü äîëèí íåáîëü-øèõ âîäîòîêîâ, òàêæå ñ âûõîäàìèìàòåðèíñêèõ ïîðîä. Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîâîéòåððèòîðèè ïàðû ïòèö ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî3,1 êì2. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòîãî, ìîæíî ïðåä-ïîëîæèòü, ÷òî âûøåîïèñàííûå áèîòîïû,ïëîùàäüþ îêîëî 600 êì2 (3,2% îò îáùåé

ïëîùàäè òåððèòîðèè), ìîãóòâìåñòèòü îêîëî 190 ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ,÷òî äîâîëüíî áëèçêî ê íàøèìïðåäûäóùèì îöåíêàì.

Êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus)Ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä

èññëåäóåìîé òåððèòîðèè.Îáíàðóæåí íàìè ãíåçäÿùèì-ñÿ òîëüêî íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíà-æåíèÿõ. Ëîêàëèçîâàíî 6ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ êóðãàí-íèêà – âñå ïîäòâåðæäåíû íà-õîäêàìè ãí¸çä (ðèñ. 8). Æè-ëûå ãí¸çäà áûëè îáíàðóæåíûëèøü íà òð¸õ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêàõ â þæíîé ÷àñòè Óëóòàó

(ó÷àñòêè ¹¹ 1–3) – îíè ñîäåðæàëè êëàä-êè èç 3, 3 è 2 ÿèö ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Íà ó÷à-ñòêå ¹ 4 ïàðà ïòèö àêòèâíî ñòðîèëà ãíåç-äî, à íà ó÷àñòêàõ ¹¹ 5–6 ïòèöû åù¸ íåïðèñòóïèëè ê ïîäíîâëåíèþ ãíåçäîâûõ ïî-ñòðîåê. Â îáùåé ñëîæíîñòè îáíàðóæåíî13 ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê êóðãàííèêà (âêëþ-÷àÿ ñòàðûå ãí¸çäà íà çàíÿòûõ ó÷àñòêàõ),èç íèõ ëèøü 2 ãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü âíèøàõ, à îñòàëüíûå íà ïîëêàõ ãðÿäîâûõñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé (6), ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàë(6) è íåáîëüøèõ ñêàëüíûõ îñòàíöåâ ñðå-äè ñòåïè (1). Ëèøü 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàêóðãàííèêîâ ïîïàëè â ïðåäåëû ó÷¸òíûõïëîùàäîê, ïîýòîìó ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòè0,02 ïàð/êì2 ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü îáúåêòèâíû-ìè ëèøü äëÿ êðóïíûõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ.Â òî æå âðåìÿ áîëüøèíñòâî ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêîâ êóðãàííèêà ïðèóðî÷åíî ê íå-áîëüøèì ñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíèÿì, ëåæàùèìçà ïðåäåëàìè îïòèìàëüíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ áèî-òîïîâ îðëîâ (áåðêóòà, ìîãèëüíèêà, ñòåï-íîãî îðëà). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìîæíî ïðåä-ïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîéòåððèòîðèè ãíåçäèòñÿ 37–57 ïàð (â ñðåä-íåì 47 ïàð), èç êîòîðûõ ïîëîâèíà ãíåç-äÿùèõñÿ ïàð ïðèóðî÷åíà ê ãðÿäîâî-ìåë-êîñîïî÷íîìó ìàññèâó îñåâîé ÷àñòèÓëóòàó.

Ëóíü áîëîòíûé (Circus aeruginosus)Âåðîÿòíî, ãíåçäèòñÿ îäèíî÷íûìè ïàðà-

ìè â òðîñòíèêîâûõ êðåïÿõ ïî áåðåãàìêðóïíûõ âîäî¸ìîâ íà îáñëåäîâàííîé òåð-ðèòîðèè. Ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ ëèøü äâàæäû:30 àïðåëÿ ïàðà ïòèö íàáëþäàëàñü áëèçâîäîõðàíèëèùà â 15,5 êì þæíåå Æåçêàç-ãàíà, è 5 ìàÿ îõîòèâøèéñÿ ñàìåö áûëâñòðå÷åí íàä òðîñòíèêàìè îçåðà â îêðåñ-òíîñòÿõ ã. Óëóòàó. ×èñëåííîñòü â Óëóòàó íåïðåâûøàåò 3–5 ïàð.

Ëóíü ëóãîâîé (Circus pygargus)Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä ñåâåðíîé ÷à-

ñòè èçó÷àåìîé òåððèòîðèè. Íà÷èíàÿ ñ 5ìàÿ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ íàìè ðåãóëÿðíî, èñåâåðíåå ñêàëüíîãî ìàññèâà ãîðû Óëóòàóëèøü íåçíà÷èòåëüíî óñòóïàë ïî ÷èñëåííî-ñòè ñòåïíîìó ëóíþ. Â ñâî¸ì ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèè òÿãîòååò ê êóñòàðíèêîâûì áèîòîïàìè âûñîêîòðàâíûì ó÷àñòêàì ïî äîëèíàì ðåêè ðó÷üåâ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïî ïåðèôå-ðèè êîëêîâûõ ëåñîâ. Îáíàðóæåíî 23 ãíåç-

Ðèñ. 8. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ êóð-ãàííèêà (Buteo rufinus)

Fig. 8. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theLong-Legged Buzzard(Buteo rufinus)

Ãíåçäî êóðãàííèêà ñ êëàäêîé. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Steppe Eagle with a clutch. Photo by I.Karyakin

Êóðãàííèê. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The Long-Legged Buzzard. Photo by I. Karyakin


äîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ëóãîâûõ ëóíåé(21 íà àâòîìàðøðóòàõ). Íàáîëüøèíñòâå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêîâ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü òî-êóþùèå ñàìöû, íà 3-õ ó÷àñò-êàõ ïòèöû ñòðîèëè ãí¸çäà.Ñðîêè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, âèäè-ìî, íåñêîëüêî áîëåå ïî-çäíèå, ÷åì ñðîêè ðàçìíîæå-íèÿ ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ, óêîòîðîãî òîêîâàíèå â ýòîâðåìÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè çàêàí÷è-âàëîñü. Ïëîòíîñòü ëóãîâîãîëóíÿ ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ íààâòîìàðøðóòàõ ñîñòàâèëà3,30 ïàð/100 êì2 äëÿ âñåéòåððèòîðèè èëè 6,67 ïàð/

100 êì2 äëÿ ñåâåðíîé å¸ ÷àñòè. Ýêñòðàïî-ëèðóÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîò-íîñòè íà âñþ ïëîùàäü èçó÷àåìîé òåððè-òîðèè (19 òûñ. êì2) è ñåâåðíóþ å¸ïîëîâèíó (9,5 òûñ. êì2), ïîëó÷àåì îöåíêèíà ãíåçäîâàíèè â 577–677 ïàð (â ñðåäíåì627 ïàð) è 583–683 ïàð (â ñðåäíåì 633ïàðû). Ïîñëåäíÿÿ îöåíêà ÿâëÿåòñÿ, âèäè-ìî, áîëåå òî÷íîé.

Ëóíü ñòåïíîé (Circus macrourus)7

Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä ðàññìàòðèâà-åìîé òåððèòîðèè. Ñàìûé ìíîãî÷èñëåííûéãíåçäÿùèéñÿ õèùíèê ìåëêîñîïî÷íûõ ëàí-äøàôòîâ Óëóòàó è ïðèëåãàþùèõ òåððèòî-ðèé. Íàñåëÿåò âñå òèïû âëàæíûõ îòêðû-òûõ áèîòîïîâ, âêëþ÷àÿ äíèùà óùåëèé âñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõ, ãäå, âïðî÷åì, ðåäîê.

Âñåãî îáíàðóæåíî 53 ãíåç-äîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñòåïíûõ ëó-íåé (ðèñ. 9), èç íèõ 48 – íààâòîìàðøðóòàõ è 5 – â õîäåïåøèõ ìàðøðóòîâ â ñêàëü-íûõ ìàññèâàõ. Íà 4-õ ó÷àñ-òêàõ îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà ñíàñèæèâàþùèìè ñàìêàìè,êîòîðûì ñàìöû ïðèíîñèëèäîáû÷ó, íà 6 ó÷àñòêàõ íàáëþ-äàëèñü òîêóþùèå ïàðû, íàîñòàëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ðåãèñò-ðèðîâàëè ñàìöîâ ñ ãíåçäî-âûì ïîâåäåíèåì, ëèáî ïàðûïòèö âî âðåìÿ ïåðåäà÷è äî-áû÷è, íî òî÷íûå ìåñòà íà-

õîæäåíèÿ ãí¸çä íå áûëè óñòàíîâëåíû. Îñ-íîâíàÿ ìàññà ðåãèñòðèðîâàâøèõñÿñòåïíûõ ëóíåé ïðèóðî÷åíà ê ïîéìàì ðå-÷åê, âëàæíûì çàïàäèíàì ìåæäó ñîïêàìèè â ïîäíîæèè îñòàíöåâ. Âñå îáíàðóæåí-íûå ãí¸çäà íàõîäèëèñü â íåáîëüøèõ ïîïëîùàäè (300–5000 ì2) çàðîñëÿõ îñîêè è

òðîñòíèêà. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìèãí¸çäàìè è öåíòðàìè óñòàíîâëåííûõ èïðåäïîëàãàåìûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ(n=35) ñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 1,6±0,93 êì(0,37–3,31 êì). Ïëîòíîñòü íà àâòîìàðøðó-òàõ ñîñòàâèëà 7,55 ïàð/100 êì2. Îáùàÿ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððè-òîðèè (20 òûñ. êì2) îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 1459–1559 ïàð (â ñðåäíåì 1509 ïàð) è, âèäèìî,íåñêîëüêî çàíèæåíà, òàê êàê áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòüìàðøðóòîâ ïðîõîäèëà ïî îñåâîé ÷àñòèãðÿäîâî-ñîïî÷íîãî ìàññèâà Óëóòàó, ãäåïëîòíîñòü ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ íàèìåíüøàÿ.

Ïåðåïåëÿòíèê (Accipiter nisus)Ðåäîê. Âåðîÿòíî, ãíåçäèòñÿ â êðóïíûõ

êîëêîâûõ ëåñàõ â óùåëüÿõ Óëóòàó. Çà ïå-ðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé áûëî âñòðå÷åíî 5 îñî-áåé (3 ñàìöà è òîêóþùàÿ ïàðà) â êîëêîâûõëåñàõ öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè Óëóòàó ñ ïëîòíî-ñòüþ 0,85 îñîáåé/êì2. Ïîèñê ãí¸çä ýòîãîâèäà ñïåöèàëüíî íå îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ. Ïðè-ðàâíèâàÿ ðåãèñòðàöèè ïòèö ê ïàðàì, ìîæ-íî ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåçäîâàíèå 35–43 ïàð (âñðåäíåì 39 ïàð) â êîëêîâûõ ëåñàõ Óëóòàó,ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè ãðÿ-äîâî-ìåëêîñîïî÷íîãî ìàññèâà.

Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug)Ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä. Îáíàðóæåí íà

ãíåçäîâàíèè òîëüêî íà ñêàëàõ îñåâîé ÷àñ-òè Óëóòàó. Òÿãîòååò â ñâî¸ì ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèè ê êðóïíûì ñêàëüíûì ìàññèâàì, õîòÿîòäåëüíûå ïàðû ãíåçäÿòñÿ è íà íåáîëüøèõïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ. Ëîêàëèçîâàíî 7 ãíåç-äîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíà, âñå íà ó÷¸òíûõïëîùàäêàõ (ðèñ. 10). Íà 6 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñ-òêàõ îáíàðóæåíû 8 ãí¸çä ñîêîëîâ, ðàñïî-ëàãàâøèåñÿ â ïîñòðîéêàõ êóðãàííèêà. 3ãíåçäîâûå ïîñòðîéêè êóðãàííèêîâ, çàíÿ-òûå áàëîáàíîì, íà 2-õ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõñîêîëîâ ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêà-ëàõ íà ïîëêàõ (2) è â íèøå ñêàëû. Îñòàëü-íûå 5 ãí¸çä áûëè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê öåíòðàëü-íûì ÷àñòÿì êðóïíûõ ñêàëüíûõ îñòàíöåâ íàâåðøèíàõ ãðÿä è ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ïîëêàõ(4) è â ðàñùåëèíå. Âñå ãíåçäà áàëîáàíà íàñêàëüíûõ îñòàíöàõ áûëè ñêðûòû îò íåïîñ-ðåäñòâåííîãî íàáëþäåíèÿ èç ñòåïè è îá-íàðóæåíû ëèøü ïðè äåòàëüíîì îñìîòðåñêàë ñ èõ âåðøèí. Â ãíåçäå áàëîáàíà íàó÷àñòêå ¹ 3 îáíàðóæåíà ñâåæàÿ êëàäêà èç4-õ ÿèö 3 ìàÿ, â ãíåçäå íà ó÷àñòêå ¹ 5 – 5ïòåíöîâ â âîçðàñòå íåñêîëüêèõ äíåé 4 ìàÿ.Íà îñòàëüíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ äåðæà-ëèñü âçðîñëûå ïòèöû, ãí¸çäà áûëè ÿâíîïîñåùàåìûìè, î ÷åì ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàëñâåæèé ïîì¸ò è íàñåäíîé ïóõ íà èõ ïî-âåðõíîñòè, íî êëàäîê èëè âûâîäêîâ â íèõíå îáíàðóæåíî. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò0,07 ïàð/êì2 ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Ó÷è-

Ðèñ. 9. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ (Circusmacrourus)

Fig. 9. The distribution ofbreeding territories of thePallid Harrier (Circus mac-

rourus)

7 http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=193696

Ðèñ. 10. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áà-ëîáàíà (Falco cherrug)

Fig. 10. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theSaker Falcon (Falco cher-

rug)


òûâàÿ ÿâíîå òÿãîòåíèå áàëîáàíà ê êðóïíûìñêàëàì, ÷òîáû íå çàâûñèòü åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü,ìû ñî÷ëè íåîáõîäèìûì ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòüó÷åòíûå äàííûå ëèøü íà ïëîùàäü êðóïíûõñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷èñëåí-íîñòü áàëîáàíà äëÿ Óëóòàó îöåíåíà â 28–38ïàð (â ñðåäíåì 33 ïàðû). Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäóãíåçäàìè (n=5) ñîñòàâëÿåò 7,72±1,63 êì(6,62–9,86 êì). Ïàðà áàëîáàíîâ çàíèìàåòòåððèòîðèþ ïëîùàäüþ â ñðåäíåì 46,8 êì2.Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòè öèôðû, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòüãíåçäîâàíèå 5–6 ïàð íà Óëóòàó è 20–30 ïàðâ îñòàëüíûõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõ îñåâîé ÷à-ñòè ãðÿäîâî-ìåëêîñîïî÷íîãî ìàññèâà ïëî-ùàäüþ îò 4 äî 40 êì2. Îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñ-òè, ïîëó÷åííûå äâóìÿ ðàçíûìè ìåòîäàìè,äîâîëüíî áëèçêè.

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus)Ïðîë¸òíûé âèä. Íåñìîòðÿ íà íàëè÷èå

ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ è îõîòíè÷üèõ áèîòîïîâ,ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà â Óëóòàó íå ïîäòâåð-æäåíî. Îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà, ïðîëåòàâøàÿ íà

íåáîëüøîé âûñîòå â ñåâåðíîì íàïðàâëå-íèè, íàáëþäàëàñü 3 ìàÿ â ãîðàõ Êèøóòàó.

×åãëîê (Falco subbuteo)Íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé, íî õàðàêòåðíûé

ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä êîëêîâûõ ëåñîâ Óëóòàó. Çàïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé áûëî âñòðå÷åíî 7ïàð ÷åãëîêîâ: 6 ïàð àáîíèðîâàëè ãíåçäî-âûå ïîñòðîéêè è 1 ïàðà ïðèñòóïèëà ê ðàç-ìíîæåíèþ (ñàìêà ñèäåëà íà êëàäêå). Øåñòüãí¸çä ðàñïîëàãàëèñü â ïîñòðîéêàõ âîðîí íàîñèíàõ è îäíî â ïîñòðîéêå âîðîíû íà áå-ð¸çå. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîêîëîâ ñîñòàâèëà 1,49ïàð/êì2 ëåñîíàñàæäåíèé. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿýòèõ äàííûõ ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ÷åãëîêà íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððè-òîðèè â 63–73 ïàðû (â ñðåäíåì 68 ïàð).

Ãíåçäî áàëîáàíà (Falcocherrug) ñ êëàäêîé. ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Saker Fal-con (Falco cherrug) witha clutch. Photo by I. Kar-yakin

Ãíåçäî áàëîáàíà ñ ïòåí-öàìè. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Saker Fal-con with a brood. Photoby I. Karyakin Ïóñòåëüãà îáûêíîâåííàÿ

(Falco tinnunculus)Íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä

ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè. Ãíåçäèòñÿêàê â ëåñîíàñàæäåíèÿõ (3 ãíåçäà ñ íàñè-æèâàþùèìè ñàìêàìè â ïîñòðîéêàõ âîðîííà îñèíàõ, â òîì ÷èñëå îäíî ãíåçäî íà ñó-õîì äåðåâå), òàê è â ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõ (12ïàð, â òîì ÷èñëå 2 ãíåçäà ñ íàñèæèâàþùè-ìè ñàìêàìè â íèøå ñêàëû è â ñòàðîé ïîñò-ðîéêå êóðãàííèêà). Äîñòàòî÷íî ðàâíîìåð-íî íàñåëÿåò âñþ òåððèòîðèþ Óëóòàó.Ïëîòíîñòü â ëåñîíàñàæäåíèÿõ ñîñòàâëÿåò0,85 ïàð/êì2, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ ëå-ñîâ Óëóòàó îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 35–43 ïàðû (âñðåäíåì 39 ïàð). Ïëîòíîñòü â ñêàëüíûõìàññèâàõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,13 ïàð/êì2, à îá-ùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 65–75 ïàð(â ñðåäíåì 70 ïàð). Çà ïðåäåëàìè ñêàëü-íûõ ìàññèâîâ âíå ëåñîíàñàæäåíèé ïóñ-òåëüãà ãíåçäèòñÿ òàêæå â ðàçâàëèíàõ íàñå-ë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ â êîëè÷åñòâå 30–50 ïàð

Ðèñ. 11. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ êîëî-íèé ñòåïíîé ïóñòåëüãè (Falco naumanni)

Fig. 11. The distribution of nesting colonyof the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni)


äëÿ âñåé ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè.Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âñåé ãíåçäîâîé ãðóï-ïèðîâêè ïóñòåëüãè â Óëóòàó îöåíèâàåòñÿ â130–168 ïàð (â ñðåäíåì 149 ïàð).

Ïóñòåëüãà ñòåïíàÿ (Falco naumanni)Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä îñåâîé ÷àñòè

Óëóòàó. Ãíåçäèòñÿ â íèøàõ è òðåùèíàõ ñêàë.Â ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé ñòåïíûå ïóñòåëü-ãè äåðæàëèñü ïàðàìè áëèç ãíåçäîâûõ íèø,òîêîâàëè, à â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ íàáëþäàëîñüêîðìëåíèå ñàìîê, ñèäÿùèõ â ãí¸çäàõ, ñàì-öàìè, íî êëàäîê åù¸ íå áûëî íè â îäíîìèç ïðîâåðåííûõ ãí¸çä. Â îáùåé ñëîæíîñ-òè áûëî ó÷òåíî 55 ïàð ñòåïíûõ ïóñòåëüã.Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà îáíàðóæåííûõ ïòèö(85,5% ïàð) ñîñðåäîòî÷åíà â 7 êîëîíèÿõ(ðèñ. 11), ñîñòîÿùèõ èç 5–10 ïàð (â ñðåä-íåì 6,7±2,4 ïàð â êîëîíèè). Òåì íå ìå-íåå, ãðóïïàìè èç 2–4 ïàð ñòåïíàÿ ïóñòåëü-ãà ãíåçäèòñÿ, âèäèìî, äîñòàòî÷íîðàâíîìåðíî âî âñåõ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõÓëóòàó. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,51 ïàð/êì2

ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòüäëÿ ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ Óëóòàó îöåíèâàåò-ñÿ â 272–292 ïàðû (â ñðåäíåì 282 ïàðû).Âèäèìî, îïðåäåë¸ííàÿ ÷àñòü ñòåïíûõ ïóñ-òåëüã ãíåçäèòñÿ â ðàçâàëèíàõ íàñåë¸ííûõïóíêòîâ è êàçàõñêèõ ìîãèë. Â òàêèõ áèî-òîïàõ ìû ðåãèñòðèðîâàëè ïòèö, îäíàêî öå-

ëåíàïðàâëåííî ãí¸çä íå èñ-êàëè. Íà ïðèëåãàþùèõ êÓëóòàó òåððèòîðèÿõ õîëìèñ-òî-óâàëèñòûõ ñòåïåé âèä íåâñòðå÷åí, õîòÿ âîçìîæíîñòüåãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ çäåñü êàêìèíèìóì â ðå÷íûõ îáðûâàõè ðàçâàëèíàõ íàñåë¸ííûõïóíêòîâ íåëüçÿ èñêëþ÷àòü.

Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo)Íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé ãíåçäÿ-

ùèéñÿ âèä. Íà îáñëåäîâàí-íîé òåððèòîðèè ëîêàëèçîâà-íî 8 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâôèëèíà (ðèñ. 12). Âñå âûÿâ-ëåííûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè

ïðèóðî÷åíû ê ñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíèÿì ðàç-ëè÷íîãî òèïà. Â áîëüøåé ñòåïåíè ýòî ñâÿ-çàíî ñ òåì, ÷òî ñêàëû îáñëåäîâàëèñü íàìèâ ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü. Â òî æå âðåìÿ, ñóäÿ ïîâñòðå÷àì ñëåäîâ ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, îííàñåëÿåò è îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûå ñèñòåìûòåððèòîðèé, ïðèëåãàþùèõ ê Óëóòàó, à òàê-æå áåðåãîâûå îáðûâû êðóïíûõ ðåê, òàêèõêàê Ñàðûñó (ó÷àñòîê ¹ 8). Â âåðõîâüÿõ ð.Êóìîëà 30 àïðåëÿ íàìè áûëè îáíàðóæå-íû òðè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíîâ íà ïðè-ðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ íåáîëüøèõ ïðèòîêîâ ðåêè:ïàðà ïòèö (ãíåçäî íå íàéäåíî), ïàðà ó ïó-ñòîãî ãíåçäà è æèëîå ãíåçäî ñ êëàäêîéèç 4-õ ÿèö (ó÷àñòîê ¹ 3). Íà ó÷åòíîéïëîùàäêå ¹ 38 ïîèñêó ãí¸çä ôèëèíàòàêæå áûëî óäåëåíî îñîáîå âíèìàíèå, âðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 3 ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêà. Ãí¸çäà 2-õ ïàð (ñ ïîãèáøåéêëàäêîé èç 3-õ ÿèö è 2 ïòåíöàìè â ïåð-âîì ïóõîâîì íàðÿäå – ó÷àñòîê ¹ 5) áûëèîáíàðóæåíû â ñêàëüíûõ îñòàíöàõ è ìíî-ãîëåòíåå ãíåçäî ïàðû ôèëèíîâ (ïóñòîå)– íà ïðèðå÷íîé ñêàëå. Åù¸ îäíî ãíåçäîôèëèíà íà ïðèðå÷íîé ñêàëå áûëî îáíà-ðóæåíî 4 ìàÿ çà ïðåäåëàìè ó÷¸òíîé ïëî-ùàäêè. Â ñêàëüíîì ìàññèâå ã. Óëóòàó(ïëîùàäêà ¹ 39) íàìè áûëè òàêæå îá-íàðóæåíû ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëèíà,îäíàêî çäåñü ïîèñê ãí¸çä íå îñóùåñòâ-ëÿëñÿ èç-çà ëèìèòà âðåìåíè, ïîýòîìóäàííûå, ïîëó÷åííûå íà ýòîé ïëîùàäêå,ìû íå ó÷èòûâàåì â ðàñ÷¸òå ÷èñëåííîñòèýòîãî âèäà. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,16ïàð/êì2 ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Îöåíêà÷èñëåííîñòè, èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, îï-ðåäåëåíà â 83–93 ïàðû (â ñðåäíåì 88ïàð). Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìè ãí¸çäà-ìè è öåíòðàìè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôè-ëèíîâ (n=4) ñîñòàâëÿåò 7,0±4,15 êì (1,2–10,26 êì), è â çàâèñèìîñòè îò òèïàñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé îíî ìîæåò ñèëüíîâàðüèðîâàòü. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïëîòíîñòüíàáëþäàåòñÿ íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ, ïðî-òÿæ¸ííûõ ïî äëèíàì êðóïíûõ ðåê, êîòî-ðûå äîñòàòî÷íî ðåäêè íà òåððèòîðèè ãðÿ-äîâî-ìåëêîñîïî÷íîãî ìàññèâà Óëóòàó. Íàíåáîëüøèõ âîäîðàçäåëüíûõ ñêàëàõ ïëîò-íîñòü ôèëèíà, âèäèìî, ìèíèìàëüíà. Ó÷è-òûâàÿ ýòî, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íàòåððèòîðèè õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûõ ñòåïåé,ïðèëåãàþùèõ ê Óëóòàó, ãíåçäèòñÿ 36–46ïàð, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü íà ðàññìàòðè-âàåìîé òåððèòîðèè (20 òûñ. êì2) ñîñòàâ-ëÿåò 119–139 ïàð.

Ñîâà óøàñòàÿ (Asio otus)Ðåäêà. Ãíåçäèòñÿ â êîëêîâûõ ëåñàõ â óùå-

ëüÿõ Óëóòàó. Åäèíñòâåííîå ãíåçäî, â êîòî-ðîì ñàìêà íàñèæèâàëà êëàäêó, áûëî îá-

Ñòåïíûå ïóñòåëüãè (Falconaumanni) (ñàìêà – ââåð-õó, ñàìåö – âíèçó) íàãíåçäîâîé ñêàëå. Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

The Lesser Kestrel (Falconaumanni) (female andmale) on the nesting cliff.Photos by I. Karyakin

Ðèñ. 12. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôè-ëèíà (Bubo bubo)

Fig. 12. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theEagle Owl (Bubo bubo)


íàðóæåíî 4 ìàÿ â ïîñòðîéêå ñîðîêè íàèâå â óùåëüå þãî-çàïàäíîãî ñêëîíà ìàñ-ñèâà ã. Óëóòàó. Â íî÷ü 5/6 ìàÿ áûë âñòðå-÷åí òîêóþùèé ñàìåö â îñèíîâîì êîëêå ââåðõîâüÿõ ðó÷üÿ â ïîäíîæèè þæíîãî ñêëî-íà ìàññèâà ã. Óëóòàó. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿ-åò 0,43 ïàð/êì2 ëåñîíàñàæäåíèé. Îáùàÿ÷èñëåííîñòü îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 15–23 ïàð (âñðåäíåì 19 ïàð). Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî÷èñëåííîñòü çàíèæåíà ïî ïðè÷èíå îòñóò-ñòâèÿ öåëåíàïðàâëåííûõ ó÷¸òîâ ýòîãîñêðûòíîãî âèäà.

Ñîâà áîëîòíàÿ (Asio flammeus)Ïî-âèäèìîìó, áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà äîñòàòî÷-

íî îáû÷íà â Óëóòàó è íà ïðèëåãàþùèõòåððèòîðèÿõ â îòäåëüíûå ãîäû, îäíàêî âïåðèîä íàøåé ðàáîòû íà äàííîé òåððè-òîðèè ýòè ñîâû áûëè êðàéíå íåìíîãî÷èñ-ëåíû. Ìû íàáëþäàëè ëèøü 3-õ ïòèö íààâòîìàðøðóòàõ è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, äàæå íå

ïûòàëèñü ïðè ñòîëü íèçêîé ÷èñëåííîñòèèñêàòü ãí¸çäà. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,56îñîáåé/100 êì2. Åñëè ïðèðàâíÿòü äàííûåðåãèñòðàöèè ê òåððèòîðèàëüíûì ïàðàì,ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íà âñåé ðàñ-ñìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè (19 òûñ. êì2)ãíåçäèòñÿ 66–146 ïàðû (â ñðåäíåì 106ïàð). Âèäèìî, ïîëó÷åííóþ îöåíêó ìîæíîñ÷èòàòü ìèíèìàëüíîé. Âñå ðåãèñòðàöèè ñîâáûëè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê âëàæíûì áèîòîïàìäîëèí íåáîëüøèõ ðå÷åê ñðåäè õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûõ ñòåïåé.

Ñû÷ äîìîâûé (Athene noctua)Ãíåçäèòñÿ â ðàñùåëèíàõ ñêàë. 1 ïàðà ñ

ãíåçäîâûì ïîâåäåíèåì íàáëþäàëàñü âñêàëüíîì ìàññèâå ã. Óëóòàó íà ñòîÿíêå 4/5 ìàÿ. Âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà âñòðå÷åíà íà ìàð-øðóòå 6 ìàÿ. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,02ïàð/êì2 ñêàë. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, îá-ùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü äîìîâûõ ñû÷åé â ñêàëü-íûõ ìàññèâàõ Óëóòàó îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 7–17ïàð (â ñðåäíåì 12 ïàð). Ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõÿâíî íåäîñòàòî÷íî, è, ïî-âèäèìîìó, ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü äîìîâîãî ñû÷à íà ðàññìàòðèâà-åìîé òåððèòîðèè ñóùåñòâåííî âûøå.

Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops)Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä ëåñîíàñàæäå-

íèé Óëóòàó. Òîêóþùèå ñàìöû ðåãèñòðèðî-âàëèñü êàê íà äíåâíûõ ìàðøðóòàõ (3 îñî-áè), òàê è íà òî÷êå ñòîÿíêè 5/6 ìàÿ (3îñîáè). Ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûì ýêñòðàïî-ëèðîâàòü äàííûå ñ òî÷êè ó÷¸òà íà íî÷íîéñòîÿíêå (ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîùàäü – 1,13 êì2, ïëîò-íîñòü – 2,65 ïàð/êì2), òàê êàê, ïî íàøåìóìíåíèþ, îíè äàþò áîëåå îáúåêòèâíóþîöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè, êîòîðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåòäëÿ ëåñîíàñàæäåíèé Óëóòàó 91–151 ïàð (âñðåäíåì 121 ïàðà).


Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèèïî ó÷¸òó ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ è îáðàáîòêå ó÷¸ò-íûõ äàííûõ. Íîâîñèáèðñê: èçä. äîì «Ìàíóñê-ðèïò». 2000. 32 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè (ìåòîäè÷åñ-êèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî èçó÷åíèþ ñîêîëîîáðàç-íûõ è ñîâîîáðàçíûõ). Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä: Èçä-âî «Ïîâîëæüå». 2004. 351 ñ.

Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Êîðæåâ Ä.À., Õîõëîâà Í.À.Íîâûå ñâåäåíèÿ î êðóïíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèöàõÌóãîäæàð, Êàçàõñòàí. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè èèõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹ 4. Ñ. 58–60.

Buckland S.T., Anderson D.R., Burnham K.P.,Laake J.L, Borchers D.L. and Thomas L.Introduction to Distance Sampling. Estimatingabundance of biological populations. OxfordUniversity Press. 2001. 448 p.

Ãíåçäî ôèëèíà (Bubobubo) ñ êëàäêîé. Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Eagle Owl(Bubo bubo) with a clutch.Photos by I. Karyakin

Ãíåçäî ôèëèíà ñ ïòåíöà-ìè. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Eagle Owlwith chicks. Photo by I.Karyakin


Êîíòàêò:

Åëåíà ÍèêîëàåâíàÊîðøóíîâàÇàïîâåäíèê«Êåðæåíñêèé»603134 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîñòèíà 2,êàá. 162òåë.: +7 (8312) 34 08 32ôàêñ: +7 (8312)[email protected]

Contact:

Elena N. KorshunovaState Nature Reserve«Kerzhensky»Kostina str. 2, of. 162N. Novgorod603134 Russiatel.: +7 (8312) 34 08 32fax: +7 (8312) 34 09 [email protected]

×¸ðíûé ãðèô (Aegypius monachus) âíå-ñ¸í â Êðàñíûé ñïèñîê ÌÑÎÏ (LR-nt) èÊðàñíûå êíèãè ðÿäà ñòðàí, òàêèõ êàê Ðîñ-ñèÿ è Óçáåêèñòàí. Â Óçáåêèñòàíå áëèçîê êóÿçâèìûì (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðåñïóáëèêè Óç-áåêèñòàí, 2003). Îïàñåíèå ñïåöèàëèñòîâçà áëàãîïîëó÷èå ýòèõ ïòèö âûçûâàåò óìåíü-øåíèå êîëè÷åñòâà âûïàñàþùèõñÿ â ïóñòû-íå Êûçûëêóì îòàð îâåö â ñâÿçè ñ ïàäåíèåìñïðîñà íà êàðàêóëü. Â òî æå âðåìÿ ïðàê-òè÷åñêè íåò ðàáîò, ïîñâÿù¸ííûõ àíàëèçóäèíàìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ýòîãî âèäà â Óçáå-êèñòàíå. Íàèáîëåå ïîäðîáíûå ñâåäåíèÿ î÷¸ðíîì ãðèôå íà õðåáòå Íóðàòàó ïðèâå-äåíû â íàøèõ ðàáîòàõ áîëåå äâàäöàòè ëåòíàçàä (Êîðøóíîâà, Êîðøóíîâ, 1983;Korshunova, 1985), à â öåëîì ïî Óçáåêèñ-òàíó – â ðàáîòàõ Î.Â. Ìèòðîïîëüñêîãî èäð. (1987). Ïîýòîìó ñîïîñòàâëåíèå íàøèõìàòåðèàëîâ ïî ãíåçäîâàíèþ ÷¸ðíîãî ãðè-ôà â 1978–87 ãã. ñ äàííûìè, ïîëó÷åííû-ìè íàìè â ìàå-èþíå 2005 ã. íà õðåáòåÍóðàòàó, ìîæåò ïðåäñòàâëÿòü îïðåäåë¸í-íûé èíòåðåñ.

The Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) islisted in the Red Data List of IUCN (LR-nt)and in the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan (RedData Book of the Uzbekistan, 2003). At thesame time there are no special studies ofthe Black Vulture numbers in Uzbekistan.This paper summarizes data on breeding ofthe Black Vulture in the Nuratau mountainsin 1978–87 and in May-June of 2005.

We have studied the breeding biology ofthe Black Vulture in the Nuratau Nature Re-serve located in the central part of the Nura-tau mountains (N 40.50 E 66.76). In 1978–1987 we observed a total of 258 clutcheswith 260 eggs in 103 nests, The hatchingsuccess of 200 eggs was recorded. An eggvolume (V) was calculated as V = 0.51 L D2,where L – egg length, D – maximal diame-ter (Hoyt, 1979). In the period of 5–6 May,2005, we surveyed the central part of theReserve in detail.

About 50 pairs of black vultures were be-lieved to breed in the territory of the Re-serve at in the end of 1970s – beginning of1980s. In 2005, a total of 42 nests were re-corded, 25 of which were occupied. Twen-ty-three of those were used for breeding,and the remaining 2 were used as perches.Chicks were found in 15 nests and an eggin another nest. 17 nests were not occupied.Thirty-five nests were surveyed in the cen-tral part of the Reserve: 14 were old, 21 wereoccupied, 19 of which were used for breed-ing, 12 nests of which held chicks.

In 2005, the nest distribution within theChayat boundary was measured several times(fig. 2). The numbers of Black vultures withinthe central part of the Reserve (fig.1), the oth-er territories of the Reserve, and the adjoiningareas (fig.4), were stable over the last 30 years.As in 1980s in 2005 a total 40–50 breedingpairs were estimated for the Nature Reserve.

The�Black�Vulture�in�the�Nuratau�mountains,�Uzbekistan

ГРИФ�НА�ХРЕБТЕ�НУРАТАУ,�УЗБЕКИСТАН

Korshunova�E.N.,�Korshunov�E.N.�(State�Nature�Reserve�‘Kerzhensky’,

N.Novgorod,�Russia)

Корш$нова�Е.Н.,�Корш$нов�Е.Н.�(Заповедни��«Керженс�ий»,�Н.Нов/ород,�Россия)

Õðåáåò Íóðàòàó: âèä íà ñåâåðíûé ìàêðîñêëîí íà êîñ-ìîñíèìêå Landsat 7, ïðåîáðàçîâàííûé 3D-ìîäóëåì(ââåðõó), è âèä õðåáòîâ íà ôîòî Å. Êîðøóíîâîé (âíèçó)

The Nuratau mountains: the northern side on a satelliteimage Landsat 7 transformed by 3D-module (at thetop) and these mountains on the photo by E. Korshu-nova (at the foot)


Black vultures breeding on rocks were notseen in the surveyed territory. All nest werelocated on almond trees 1.5–5 m high, onslopes of 25–45°. The majority of the nests(n=101) were located on southern-eastern(30,8%) and southern (22.0%) sides ofmount (fig. 5), 20.9% – on eastern sides,17.6% – on western and 12.1% – on south-ern-western sides. All nests were locatedon high 1000–1880 on sea level, at aver-age 1487.03±167.35 m (M±SD), 44.55%from which were on high 1400–1600 m (fig.6). Half of all registered breeding events and57% of registered fledglings happenedthere. The cluster analysis of nest distribu-tions along the gradients of the absoluteheights, slope exposition and slope steep-ness grouped the nest sites into threegroups. The largest group included 58.33%of vultures nests, located on southern-southern-eastern sides (175.98±62.93°), onhighs 1592.5±95.9 m on sea level and onslopes 33.71±4.39°.

Clutch size is 1 egg. Only 2 clutches(n=258) with 2 eggs were found. Averageegg size (n=260) was 91.04 mm (range 69.2– 102.3 mm) x 69.27 mm (range 51.4 –75.9). Average egg volume (V) was 223.6sm3 (range 93.24–287.3 sm3). Averagebreeding success was 58.0%, (n=200),deaths of eggs were noted in 27 cases,deaths of chicks – in 28 cases, and a reasonof unsuccessful breeding was not deter-mined in 29 cases. Average volume of deadeggs was 205.38 ñì3, average volume ofeggs in the nests, where chicks have diedwas 217.89 ñì3, average volume of eggs insuccessful nests was 230.31 ñì3. At the sametime in all clutches, where egg volumes wereless than 180 sm3 (n=8), breeding was notsuccessful by the reasons of deaths of eggs(5), deaths of chicks (2) and unknown rea-son (1). The lowest volume of eggs was181.42 cm3 (egg size 80.2õ66.6 mm); theegg hatched successfully.. In general the eggvolume in our sample correlates with breed-ing success (r = 0.891). The hatching suc-cess of black vultures has a negative corre-lation with egg size. (r = –0.530). In 26 casesin 1978–82, the reason of death was known,they were – deaths of eggs (73%) 46% fromwhich were unfertile 12% with dead embry-os; and deaths of chicks (22%), 19% fromwhich were in first days after hatching.

Nowadays the status of the populationof the Black Vulture breeding in the Nura-tau mountains within the Nuratau NatureReserve is satisfactory, and the number arestable.

Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäèêà

Èçó÷åíèå îñîáåííîñòåé ãíåçäîâàíèÿ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà ìû ïðîâîäèëè íà òåððèòî-ðèè Íóðàòèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà, ðàñïî-ëîæåííîãî íà ñåâåðíûõ ñêëîíàõ öåíòðàëü-íîé ÷àñòè õðåáòà Íóðàòàó (N 40,50 E 66,76),à òàêæå íà ñîïðåäåëüíîé ñ çàïîâåäíèêîìòåððèòîðèè.

Õðåáåò Íóðàòàó – ñåâåðî-çàïàäíûéôîðïîñò Ïàìèðî-Àëàÿ – ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñî-áîé äîâîëüíî ñëîæíóþ ñèñòåìó íèçêî èñðåäíåãîðíûõ ìàññèâîâ, êîòîðûå íà çàïà-äå ñëóæàò ïðîäîëæåíèåì Òóðêåñòàíñêîãîõðåáòà è åãî îòðîãîâ. Â ïðåäåëàõ çàïîâåä-íèêà íàõîäèòñÿ âûñøàÿ òî÷êà õð. Íóðàòàóã. Õàÿòáàøè (2169 ì). Òåððèòîðèÿ çàïîâåä-íèêà çàíèìàåò ðàñ÷ëåí¸ííûé ãëóáîêèìèóùåëüÿìè ó÷àñòîê íèçêîãîðèé è ñðåäíå-ãîðèé ñåâåðíîãî ñêëîíà õð. Íóðàòàó, ñëî-æåííîãî ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïðîòåðîçîéñ-êèìè è ïàëåîçîéñêèìè ñëàíöàìè èèçâåñòíÿêàìè è îáðàù¸ííîãî ê îáøèðíîéÀéäàðî-Àðíàñàéñêîé îç¸ðíîé êîòëîâèíå.

Ïîëûííî-ýôåìåðîèäîâàÿ ïðåäãîðíàÿïîëóïóñòûíÿ íà âûñîòå 700–900 ì ïîñòå-ïåííî ñìåíÿåòñÿ ñîîáùåñòâàìè ñóõèõ ïû-ðåéíî-ðàçíîòðàâíûõ ñòåïåé, ðàçíîòðàâ-íûõ ïîëûííèêîâ, äåðíîâèííî-çëàêîâûõãîðíûõ ñòåïåé è êñåðîôèëüíûõ êóñòàðíè-êîâ ñ ôðàãìåíòàìè ïîëóêóñòàðíèêîâûõñîîáùåñòâ, íàãîðíûõ êñåðîôèòîâ è îò-äåëüíûìè äåðåâüÿìè àð÷è çåðàâøàíñêîé.Êóñòàðíèêè íà õðåáòå Íóðàòàó ïðîèçðàñ-òàþò â çîíå íàèáîëåå ðàñ÷ëåí¸ííîãî ðå-ëüåôà íà êðóòûõ ñêëîíàõ óùåëèé, â èíòåð-âàëå âûñîò îò 800–900 äî 1700–1800 ì.Ýòî ñìåøàííîêóñòàðíèêîâûå ôèòîöåíî-çû, â êîòîðûõ äîìèíèðóþò ìèíäàëè áó-õàðñêèé è êîëþ÷åéøèé â ñî÷åòàíèè ñáîëåå ìåçîôèëüíûìè êóñòàðíèêàìè –æèìîëîñòüþ ìîíåòîëèñòíîé è êèçèëüíè-êîì ìîíåòíûì. Çàðîñëè ìèíäàëÿ êîëþ-÷åéøåãî õàðàêòåðíû äëÿ âåðõíåé ÷àñòèïîÿñà ïðåäãîðèé è íèæíåãî ïîÿñà ãîð. Âñðåäíåãîðüå íà áîëåå çàñóøëèâûõ ñêëîíàõïðåîáëàäàåò ìèíäàëü áóõàðñêèé, à íà áî-ëåå óâëàæíåííûõ ñåâåðíûõ ñêëîíàõ – æè-ìîëîñòü è êèçèëüíèê.

Çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé 1978–1987 ãã.áûëî îïèñàíî è ïðîìåðåíî 258 êëàäîê èëè260 ÿèö â 103 ãí¸çäàõ, èç êîòîðûõ ó 200ÿèö óñòàíîâëåí èòîã ãíåçäîâàíèÿ.

Ïîçäíåå, â 2005 ã., â ïåðèîä ñ 5 ìàÿ ïî6 èþíÿ â òå÷åíèå 22 ïîëåâûõ ðàáî÷èõ äíåéíàìè áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà öåíòðàëüíàÿ ÷àñòüçàïîâåäíèêà â óðî÷èùàõ Õàÿò, Òûê÷à èÊàðû, ãäå ðàíåå ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿãðèôîâ áûëà ìàêñèìàëüíîé, à òàêæå ñî-


âåðøåíî íåñêîëüêî ìàðøðóòîâ ïî ïðèëå-ãàþùåé ê íåé òåððèòîðèè. Âñåãî áûëî îá-íàðóæåíî 42 ãíåçäà. Êðîìå ýòîãî, â ðà-áîòå áûëà èñïîëüçîâàíà èíôîðìàöèÿ,ëþáåçíî ïðåäîñòàâëåííàÿ çàìåñòèòåëåìäèðåêòîðà ïî íàó÷íîé ðàáîòå Íóðàòèíñ-êîãî çàïîâåäíèêà Í.Þ. Áåøêî è ñâåäåíèÿèç Ëåòîïèñè ïðèðîäû çàïîâåäíèêà çà1978–2004 ãã.

Â íàñòîÿùåé ñòàòüå âïåðâûå îáîáùåíûìàòåðèàëû ïî ãíåçäîâàíèþ ÷¸ðíîãî ãðè-ôà çà âåñü ïåðèîä ðàáîòû 1978 – 87 ãã. âñîïîñòàâëåíèè ñ áîëåå ïîçäíèìè äàííû-ìè, ïðèâåä¸ííûìè â Ëåòîïèñè ïðèðîäûÍóðàòèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà (Ëåòîïèñü ïðè-ðîäû, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004 ãã.),à òàêæå íàøèìè ìàòåðèàëàìè, ñîáðàííû-ìè â 2005 ãîäó.

Ïðè îòíîñèòåëüíîé ïðîñòîòå ïîèñêàãí¸çä ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà (îñìîòð ïðîòèâîïî-

ëîæíûõ ñêëîíîâ â áèíîêëü ñ öåëüþ îáíà-ðóæåíèÿ ãí¸çä ñ ïîñëåäóþùåé èõ ïðîâåð-êîé), âûñîêàÿ òðóäî¸ìêîñòü ðàáîò è äàëå-êî íå âñåãäà ãàðàíòèðîâàííàÿ âîçìîæíîñòüîáíàðóæåíèÿ âñåõ æèëûõ ãí¸çä ñòàâÿò ðå-çóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé â çàâèñèìîñòü îòâðåìåíè ïðîâåäåíèÿ ó÷¸òà, êâàëèôèêàöèèèññëåäîâàòåëÿ è åãî òðóäîçàòðàò íà îáñëå-äîâàíèå òåððèòîðèè.

Îöåíèòü ñòåïåíü îáñëåäîâàíèÿ òåððèòî-ðèè â 2005 ã. ìîæíî ïî ãóñòîòå ìàðøðó-òîâ íà ðèñóíêå 1. Êîñâåííûì ïîêàçàòåëåìäåòàëüíîñòè îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòüñîîòíîøåíèå ÷èñëà íàéäåííûõ ñòàðûõ èæèëûõ ãí¸çä. Òàê, íàïðèìåð, ïðè îáñëå-äîâàíèè óðî÷èùà Õàÿò (ðèñ. 2) â 1978 ã.íà 8 æèëûõ ãí¸çä áûëî çàêàðòèðîâàíî 9ñòàðûõ ãí¸çä, â 1986 ã. íà 10 æèëûõ ãí¸çäïðèøëîñü 20 ñòàðûõ, â 2005 ã. íà 8 æèëûõ– 8 ñòàðûõ.

Íàèáîëåå óäîáíî ïðîâîäèòü ó÷¸ò ãíåç-äÿùèõñÿ ïàð â ïåðèîä áðà÷íûõ èãð è ñòðî-èòåëüñòâà ãíåçäà â êîíöå ôåâðàëÿ – íà÷à-ëå ìàðòà, êîãäà åù¸ íåò ëèñòâû, è âñå ãí¸çäàõîðîøî çàìåòíû ñ áîëüøîãî ðàññòîÿíèÿ.Â áîëåå ïîçäíèå ñðîêè èç ó÷¸òà âûïàäàþòïàðû, ó êîòîðûõ íå áûëî êëàäêè èëè ïî-ãèáëè ÿéöà èëè ïòåíöû. Îáñëåäîâàíèå òåð-ðèòîðèè â èþëå-àâãóñòå äà¸ò ðåçóëüòàòðàçìíîæåíèÿ, à íå ÷èñëî ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð,ò.ê. â ýòî âðåìÿ ó÷èòûâàþòñÿ ëèøü ïàðû, óêîòîðûõ óñïåøíî âûëóïèëèñü è âûðîñëèïòåíöû. Õîðîøî çàìåòíû ãí¸çäà ãðèôîâ,êîãäà âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà ñèäèò íà ãíåçäå, ïðè-êðûâàÿ ñâîåé òåíüþ ïòåíöà îò ñîëíöà, èëèêîãäà â ãíåçäå óæå êðóïíûé ïòåíåö. Â ïå-ðèîä íàñèæèâàíèÿ ÿèö èëè îáîãðåâà ïòåí-öîâ â õîëîäíóþ ïîãîäó çàìåòèòü ãíåçäî ñáîëüøîãî ðàññòîÿíèÿ óäà¸òñÿ äàëåêî íåâñåãäà. Ïîýòîìó äëÿ îöåíêè óñïåøíîñòèãíåçäîâàíèÿ öåëåñîîáðàçíî ïðîâîäèòüó÷¸ò äâàæäû íà ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåáîëüøèõêîíòðîëüíûõ ïëîùàäÿõ – â êîíöå ôåâðàëÿ– íà÷àëå ìàðòà è â èþëå, à äëÿ îöåíêè îá-ùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè – ïðîâîäèòü îáñëåäîâà-íèå íà áîëüøèõ ïëîùàäÿõ â èþíå-èþëå,äåëàÿ ïîïðàâêó íà âîçìîæíîñòü íåäîó÷¸-òà ïîãèáøèõ ê ýòîìó âðåìåíè ïòåíöîâ èêëàäîê.

Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ó÷¸òîâ â 1978–1987 ãã.ìåñòà ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä îòìå÷àëèñü íàêàðòîñõåìå Íóðàòèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà.Ïî ãîðèçîíòàëÿì íà êàðòå îïðåäåëÿëàñüâûñîòà ðàçìåùåíèÿ ãí¸çä íàä óðîâíåììîðÿ è êðóòèçíà ñêëîíà.

Â 2005 ã. áûëè îïèñàíû 36 ãí¸çä ñ îïðå-äåëåíèåì êîîðäèíàò ïðè ïîìîùè GPS, è 6ãí¸çä áûëè ïðèâÿçàíû ê òî÷êàì ñ êîîðäè-íàòàìè. Ïðè ýòîì ïåðèîä ïðîâåäåíèÿ ðà-

Ðèñ. 1. Ðàçìåùåíèå ìàð-øðóòîâ è îáñëåäîâàííûõãí¸çä ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà(Aegypius monachus) â2005 ã.

Fig. 1. Expedition routes(1) and surveyed nests ofthe Black Vulture (Aegy-

pius monachus) (2–4) in2005. 2 – successfulnests, 3 – empty nestsand 4 – old nests

Ðèñ. 2. Óñïåøíûå, ïóñ-òûå è ñòàðûå ãí¸çäà ÷¸ð-íîãî ãðèôà â óð. Õàÿò â1978–2005 ãã.

Fig. 2. Successful (2),empty (3) and old nests(4) of the Black Vulture inHayat natural boundary in1978–2005


áîò (ìàé 2005 ã.) íå áûë îïòèìàëüíûì äëÿâûÿâëåíèÿ âñåõ ãí¸çä, ò.ê. èç-çà õîëîäíîéïîãîäû âçðîñëûå ïòèöû ÷àñòî ëåæàëè âãí¸çäàõ, îáîãðåâàÿ ïòåíöîâ, à ðàñïóñòèâ-øàÿñÿ ëèñòâà ñèëüíî ðàçðîñøèõñÿ êóñòîâìèíäàëÿ íåðåäêî çàêðûâàëà ñàìè ãí¸çäà,çàòðóäíÿÿ îáíàðóæåíèå äàæå óæå èçâåñò-íûõ ãí¸çä. Ýòî, íàðÿäó ñ êðàòêîâðåìåííûìõàðàêòåðîì îáñëåäîâàíèÿ, ïî íàøèì îöåí-êàì ïðèâåëî ê íåäîó÷¸òó 10–20 % ãíåçäÿ-ùèõñÿ ïàð. Ê æèëûì ãí¸çäàì áûëè îòíåñå-íû íå òîëüêî òå, íà êîòîðûõ íàáëþäàëèïòèö ñ êëàäêîé èëè ïòåíöàìè, íî è òå, ãäå âìîìåíò îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ïòèö óæå íå áûëî,íî îá èñïîëüçîâàíèè ãíåçäà â òåêóùåì ãîäóñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàë êîìïëåêñ ïðèçíàêîâ: âû-ñòëàííûé ñâåæåé ðàñòèòåëüíîé âåòîøüþëîòîê ãíåçäà, ïåðüÿ, ïîãàäêè è ïÿòíà ýêñê-ðåìåíòîâ. Ãí¸çäà, íà êîòîðûõ áûëè îáíà-

ðóæåíû ñëåäû ïîñåùåíèÿ ãðè-ôàìè, íî ïî ñîñòîÿíèþêîòîðûõ äîñòîâåðíî ïîäòâåð-äèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå íà íàø âçãëÿäíå ïðåäñòàâëÿëîñü âîçìîæ-íûì, ìû îòíåñëè ê ñòàðûìãíåçäàì, èñïîëüçîâàííûì âêà÷åñòâå ïðèñàä. Ðàçìåùåíèåè õàðàêòåð èñïîëüçîâàíèÿâñåõ ãí¸çä ïîìèìî äíåâíèêî-âûõ çàïèñåé ïðîòîêîëèðîâà-ëîñü âèäåîñú¸ìêîé.

Â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî â ðàçíûåãîäû âñÿ òåððèòîðèÿ çàïî-âåäíèêà îáñëåäîâàëàñü íå-ðàâíîìåðíî, ïðè àíàëèçåäèíàìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ìûîïèðàëèñü ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî

íà ðåçóëüòàòû, ïîëó÷åííûå â öåíòðàëüíîé÷àñòè çàïîâåäíèêà (óðî÷èùà Õàÿò, Òûê÷à èÊàðû), ãäå ó÷¸òû ïðîâîäèëèñü ðåãóëÿðíî.

Â ïåðèîä ðàáîò 1978–1987 ãã. ïðîâîäè-ëîñü îïèñàíèå êëàäîê è ïòåíöîâ. Îáú¸ìÿéöà (V) îïðåäåëÿëñÿ êàê V = 0,51 L D2 ,ãäå L – äëèíà ÿéöà, D – íàèáîëüøèé äèà-ìåòð (Hoyt, 1979), èíäåêñû ôîðìû è óä-ëèí¸ííîñòè ðàññ÷èòûâàëèñü êàê I = D / L x100; K = L / D; U = (L – D) / D õ 100. Ðàñ÷¸-òû ðàçëè÷íûõ èíäåêñîâ ôîðìû è óäëèí¸í-íîñòè ïðèâåäåíû äëÿ óäîáñòâà èñïîëüçî-âàíèÿ, ò.ê. â ðàçíûõ ðàáîòàõ ïî îîëîãèèèñïîëüçóþòñÿ ðàçëè÷íûå êîýôôèöèåíòû(À.Ä. Íóìåðîâ è äð. 1995 ã.).

Ñðîêè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, îñîáåííîñòè ïîâå-äåíèÿ è äðóãèå ÷åðòû áèîëîãèè áûëè âû-ÿñíåíû ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ñòàöèîíàðíûõíàáëþäåíèé ñ 20 êðàòíîé ïîäçîðíîé òðó-áîé, à òàêæå ïðè ðåãóëÿðíûõ (1 ðàç â 6–7äíåé) ïîñåùåíèÿõ ãí¸çä â 1978–1981 ãã. Âáîëåå ïîçäíèå ãîäû áîëüøåå âíèìàíèå

óäåëÿëîñü ó÷¸òó íà íîâûõ ïëîùàäÿõ, ìå-÷åíèþ ñë¸òêîâ êðûëîìåòêàìè èç äâóõñëîé-íîãî öåëëóëîèäà è íàáëþäåíèÿì çà ìå÷å-íûìè ïòèöàìè.

Äëÿ âûÿñíåíèÿ óñïåøíîñòè ðàçìíîæå-íèÿ ãí¸çäà îáñëåäîâàëèñü òðèæäû: â ïåðè-îä íàñèæèâàíèÿ, ïîñëå âûëóïëåíèÿ ïòåí-öîâ è ïåðåä âûëåòîì. Îöåíêà óñïåøíîñòèãíåçäîâàíèÿ îñíîâûâàåòñÿ íà ìàòåðèàëàõíàáëþäåíèé çà ãí¸çäàìè ñ êëàäêîé, è ëèøüâ îòäåëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ èñïîëüçîâàëèñü ñòà-öèîíàðíûå íàáëþäåíèÿ çà ïîâåäåíèåì ïàðâ óðî÷èùå Õàÿò, íà÷èíàÿ ñ ïåðèîäà ãíåç-äîñòðîèòåëüñòâà.

Àíàëèç ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãí¸çä ãðèôîâïðîâîäèëñÿ â ñðåäå ÃÈÑ ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðî-ãðàììû ArcView 3.2à (ESRI) è ìîäóëåéSpatial Analyst 1.1, Image Analysis 1.1 è3D Analysis. Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèé àíàëèç äàííûõïî óñïåøíîñòè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ îñóùåñòâëåíâ ïðîãðàììå Statistica 5.0.

Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü â

Óçáåêèñòàíå

Ïî ìíåíèþ Î.Â. Ìèòðîïîëüñêîãî ñ ñî-àâòîðàìè (1987), ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô – îòíîñè-òåëüíî ìíîãî÷èñëåííàÿ ãíåçäÿùàÿñÿ ïòè-öà ãîðíûõ ñèñòåì Óçáåêèñòàíà, ïðè ýòîìíå èñêëþ÷åíî, ÷òî âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíåïðîøëîãî âåêà ïðîèçîøëî çíà÷èòåëüíîåïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãðèôîâ íà ãíåçäîâà-íèè â áàññåéíàõ Ñûðäàðüè è Àìóäàðüè. Â÷àñòíîñòè, ÷èñëåííîñòü ãðèôîâ ðåçêî ñíè-çèëàñü íà êðóïíûõ õðåáòàõ, îêàéìëÿþùèõñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå Ñûðäàðüè, Ãîëîäíóþñòåïü, áàññåéíû Êàøêàäàðüè è Ñóðõàíäà-ðüè, â ñâÿçè ñ âûðóáêîé âûñîêîñòâîëüíûõëåñîâ, âîçðîñøèì ôàêòîðîì áåñïîêîé-ñòâà, êàòàñòðîôè÷åñêèì óìåíüøåíèåì÷èñëåííîñòè äèêèõ êîïûòíûõ è ïîâñåìåñ-òíûì çåìëåäåëü÷åñêèì îñâîåíèåì ïðåä-ãîðíûõ ðàéîíîâ. Â òî æå âðåìÿ ãðèôûíà÷àëè ãíåçäèòüñÿ ïî îñòàíöîâûì ãîðàìÊûçûëêóìîâ, ãäå â ïðîøëîì (Áîãäàíîâ,1882; Çàðóäíûé, 1915, èç: Ìèòðîïîëüñêèéè äð., 1987) íå íàáëþäàëèñü, à òàêæå íàãëóáîêî âûäâèíóòîì â ïóñòûííûå ðàéîíûõð. Íóðàòàó. Â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ ãðèôû,ãíåçäÿñü â íèçêîñòâîëüíûõ êóñòàðíèêàõ èñêàëàõ, øèðîêî îñâàèâàþò êîðìîâûå ðå-ñóðñû ïóñòûííûõ ïàñòáèù.

Ñåçîííî âûðàæåííûõ ìèãðàöèé ó ãðè-ôîâ íåèçâåñòíî. Âçðîñëûå â íåãíåçäîâîåâðåìÿ, à íåïîëîâîçðåëûå è õîëîñòûå îñî-áè êðóãëûé ãîä âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêèïî âñåé òåððèòîðèè Óçáåêèñòàíà. Îíèìíîãî÷èñëåííû, îñîáåííî â õîëîäíîå âðå-ìÿ ãîäà, íà Óñòþðòå, â öåíòðàëüíûõ è þæ-

Ãðèô (Aegypius monachus) íà ãíåçäå ñïòåíöîì. Ôîòî Å. Êîðøóíîâîé

The Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus)

on a nest with the chick. Photo by E. Kor-shunova


íûõ Êûçûëêóìàõ, îáû÷íû ïî äîëèíàì ðàâ-íèííûõ ðåê, ÷àñòî äåðæàòñÿ íà îêðàèíàõæèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõ ïîñåëêîâ è íà ñâàëêàõ.Â ëåòíåå âðåìÿ ãðèôû â áîëüøîì êîëè÷å-ñòâå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ íàä âñåìè âûñîêîãîðíû-ìè ïàñòáèùàìè ñóáàëüïèéñêîé è àëüïèéñ-êîé çîí, íî ïîñëå îòêî÷¸âêè ñêîòàïîêèäàþò ýòè ðàéîíû.

ìíåíèþ àâòîðîâ, ìíîãî÷èñëåííû ãðèôû íàãíåçäîâüå òîëüêî íà õðåáòå Íóðàòàó, îñî-áåííî íà òåððèòîðèè Íóðàòèíñêîãî çàïî-âåäíèêà.

Ïî ìàòåðèàëàì Êðàñíîé êíèãè Óçáåêèñ-òàíà, ïîäãîòîâëåííîé ÷åðåç ïÿòíàäöàòü ëåòïîñëå ïðîâåä¸ííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé (2003),÷¸ðíûé ãðèô ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í íà ÇàïàäíîìÒÿíü-Øàíå, Çàïàäíîì Ïàìèðî-Àëàå, îñòàí-öîâûõ ãîðàõ Áóêàíòàó è Òàìäûòàó, è ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü åãî ïîñòåïåííî ñíèæàåòñÿ.

×èñëåííîñòü ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà â

Íóðàòèíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå â

ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä

Â Ëåòîïèñè ïðèðîäû Íóðàòèíñêîãî çà-ïîâåäíèêà çà 2004 ãîä ãîâîðèòñÿ î òîì,÷òî «…Â òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ íåñêîëüêèõëåò îòìå÷àåòñÿ ïîñòåïåííîå ñíèæåíèå÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð ãðèôà âÍóðàòèíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå. Â êîíöå 70-õ– íà÷àëå 80-õ ãîäîâ ÕÕ âåêà íà òåððèòî-ðèè çàïîâåäíèêà îòìå÷àëîñü äî 50 ãíåç-äÿùèõñÿ ïàð, â êîíöå 90-õ è 2000–2002ãã. – 14–15 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð â Ìàäæåðóì-ñàå, Àíäûãåíñàå, Õàÿòñàå, Êàðûñàå, Òûê-÷àñàå, Áîëîñàå. Â 2003 è 2004 ãã. ðåãèñò-ðèðîâàëèñü ïî 10 æèëûõ ãí¸çä. Âîçìîæíî,ñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ñâÿçàíî ñ ñîêðà-ùåíèåì êîðìîâîé áàçû ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà èç-çà óìåíüøåíèÿ ïîãîëîâüÿ îâåö â ñîñåäíèõñ çàïîâåäíèêîì õîçÿéñòâàõ».

Ïðè ýòîì â 2004 ã. â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòèçàïîâåäíèêà áûëî ó÷òåíî ëèøü 4 æèëûõãíåçäà è 8 íåæèëûõ (âñåãî 12).

Ðèñ. 3. Äàííûå î ãíåçäî-âàíèè ãðèôà íà öåíò-ðàëüíîì ó÷àñòêå Íóðà-òèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà

Fig. 3. Information aboutnesting of the Black Vul-ture in the central part ofNuratau Nature Reserve

Ãðèô íà ãíåçäå ñ ïòåí-öîì. Ôîòî Å. Êîðøóíîâîé

The Black Vulture on anest with the chick. Pho-to by E. Korshunova

Íà òåððèòîðèè Óçáåêèñòàíà èçâåñòíûäâà òèïà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ãðèôîâ – íà äåðåâü-ÿõ è íà ñêàëàõ. Íàèáîëåå ñåâåðíîå ãíåç-äîâàíèå ãðèôîâ â Óçáåêèñòàíå îòìå÷åíîâ öåíòðàëüíûõ Êûçûëêóìàõ íà õðåáòàõ Áó-êàíòàó è Òàìäûòàó, à òàêæå çàðåãèñòðèðî-âàíû îòäåëüíûå ñëó÷àè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñðåäèñïåëûõ ñàêñàóëüíèêîâ â ïåñ÷àíûõ ìàññè-âàõ íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêå öåíòðàëüíûõ Êûçûë-êóìîâ. Â öåëîì ãðèôû ãíåçäÿòñÿ ïî âñåìêðóïíûì ïåðèôåðèéíûì õðåáòàì çàïàä-íîãî Òÿíü-Øàíÿ è Ïàìèðî-Àëàÿ, õîòÿ âáîëüøèíñòâå ðàéîíîâ ìàëî÷èñëåííû. Ïî


Â 2005 ã. íàéäåíî 42 ãíåçäà, èç êîòîðûõ25 áûëè îòíåñåíû ê ÷èñëó èñïîëüçóåìûõ,â òîì ÷èñëå 23 – ê ÷èñëó æèëûõ è 2 ãíåçäàèñïîëüçîâàëèñü, ïî-âèäèìîìó, â êà÷åñòâåïðèñàä. Ïðè ýòîì â 15 ãí¸çäàõ áûëè ïòåí-öû è â 1 – êëàäêà. 17 ãí¸çä áûëè îòíåñåíûê íåæèëûì è íåèñïîëüçóåìûì. Â öåíòðàëü-íîé ÷àñòè çàïîâåäíèêà áûëî îáíàðóæåíî35 ãí¸çä (21 èñïîëüçóåìîå è 14 ñòàðûõ),19 èç íèõ áûëè îïðåäåëåíû êàê æèëûå, èçêîòîðûõ â 12 áûëè ïòåíöû. Ò.å. â õîäå èñ-ñëåäîâàíèé áûëî íàéäåíî ïî÷òè â ïÿòü ðàçáîëüøå æèëûõ ãí¸çä è â òðè ðàçà áîëüøåãí¸çä ñ ïòåíöàìè, ÷åì ÷èñëî æèëûõ ãí¸çä,óêàçàííûõ â Ëåòîïèñè ïðèðîäû Íóðàòèí-ñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà çà 2004 ã.

Òî, ÷òî â 2005 ã. ÷èñëî ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàðè îáíàðóæåííûõ ñòàðûõ ãí¸çä çíà÷èòåëü-íî áîëüøå, ÷åì ïðèâåäåíî â Ëåòîïèñè çà-ïîâåäíèêà çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû, îáúÿñíÿåò-ñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíûì íåäîó÷¸òîì â ïðåäûäóùèéïåðèîä. Ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ òåì, ÷òî â ýòîò ïå-ðèîä äåòàëüíîãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ òåððèòîðèèíà ïðåäìåò îáíàðóæåíèÿ ãí¸çä ãðèôà íåïðîâîäèëîñü, ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü òîëüêîíàèáîëåå çàìåòíûå ãí¸çäà, êîòîðûå áûëèîáíàðóæåíû âî âðåìÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ äðóãèõíàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé è ïðè ó÷¸òå êûçûë-êóìñêîãî áàðàíà (Ovis ammon severtzovi).Ïîýòîìó, ïðèíèìàÿ âî âíèìàíèå äàííûåËåòîïèñè ïðèðîäû çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû, äà-

Ïî íàøèì íàáëþäåíèÿì â 2005 ã. ãíåç-äèëîñü íå ìåíåå 19 ïàð, ÷òî î÷åíü áëèçêîê ñðåäíåìó çíà÷åíèþ ïðåäûäóùåãî ïåðè-îäà íàáëþäåíèé è ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 0,32ïàð/êì2.

Ñîïîñòàâëåíèå ðàçìåùåíèÿ ãí¸çä â óð.Õàÿò â ðàçëè÷íûå ïåðèîäû íàáëþäåíèé(ðèñ. 2), à òàêæå ðàçìåùåíèÿ ãí¸çä â öåí-òðàëüíîé ÷àñòè â 2005 ã. (ðèñ. 1) è ðàçìå-ùåíèÿ ãí¸çä íà çàïîâåäíîé è ñîïðåäåëü-íîé òåððèòîðèè â 1984 ã. (ðèñ. 4)ïîçâîëÿåò ñäåëàòü âûâîä î äîñòàòî÷íîé ñòà-áèëüíîñòè ÷èñëåííîñòè ãðèôîâ íà çàïî-âåäíîé òåððèòîðèè íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ïî÷òèòðèäöàòè ëåò. Íà íàø âçãëÿä, ÷èñëåííîñòüãðèôà â çàïîâåäíèêå ìîæíî îöåíèòü ïî-ïðåæíåìó â 40–50 ïàð.

Ôåíîëîãèÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ

è îñîáåííîñòè ïîâåäåíèÿ

Êàê óæå îïèñûâàëîñü íàìè ðàíåå (Êîð-øóíîâà, Êîðøóíîâ, 1983), íà ñåâåðíûõñêëîíàõ õðåáòà Íóðàòàó ãðèôû ïðèñòóïà-þò ê ãíåçäîâàíèþ â I-II äåêàäàõ ôåâðàëÿ.Ñòðîÿò ãíåçäî è ñàìêà, è ñàìåö, íî ñàìåö– áîëåå àêòèâíî. Ñïàðèâàíèå ïðîèñõîäèòâ ãíåçäå 1 – 3 ðàçà â äåíü è ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ12–22 ñåê. Â ïåðèîä ãíåçäîñòðîåíèÿ è âïåðâîå âðåìÿ ïîñëå îòêëàäêè ÿèö ãðèôûàêòèâíî çàùèùàþò ãíåçäî è ãíåçäîâîé ó÷à-ñòîê îò äðóãèõ ïàð. Îäèí ðàç äðàêó ãðè-ôîâ íàáëþäàëè äàæå íà çåìëå, õîòÿ îáû÷-íî èõ àòàêè íîñÿò äåìîíñòðàòèâíûéõàðàêòåð. Â ôåâðàëå-ìàðòå â ìåñòàõ ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ ìèðíî êðóæèëè ãðóïïû ïòèö èç 2– 3 è áîëåå ïàð, â òî âðåìÿ êàê «÷óæàêè»èçãîíÿëèñü c ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà çà íå-ñêîëüêî êèëîìåòðîâ.

Ñðîêè êëàäêè ðàñòÿíóòû ñ òðåòüåé äåêà-äû ôåâðàëÿ ïî ïåðâóþ äåêàäó àïðåëÿ. Ñà-ìàÿ ðàííÿÿ êëàäêà áûëà îòìå÷åíà íàìè 24ôåâðàëÿ 1981 ã., íî áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ïòèöîòêëàäûâàåò ÿéöà â I-II äåêàäàõ ìàðòà, èëèøü íåìíîãèå – â àïðåëå.

Ïîñëå íà÷àëà íàñèæèâàíèÿ ñàìåö íåêî-òîðîå âðåìÿ ïðîäîëæàåò äîñòðàèâàòü ãíåç-äî. Äàæå ñïóñòÿ ìåñÿö ñàìåö ñ âåòêîé âêëþâå ïðèëåòàë íà ãíåçäî ñìåíèòü ñàìêó,÷òî, âïðî÷åì, íîñèëî óæå ÿâíî ðèòóàëü-íûé õàðàêòåð. Ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ íàñèæèâàíèå54–56 äíåé, ó÷àñòâóþò â í¸ì îáà ðîäèòå-ëÿ. Â ýòî âðåìÿ â ãíåçäå íî÷óåò òîëüêî íà-ñèæèâàþùàÿ ïòèöà, à âòîðàÿ óñòðàèâàåòñÿíåïîäàëåêó íà êóñòàðíèêå èëè íà ñêàëå.Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ïòåíöîâ âûëóïëÿåòñÿ â êîí-öå àïðåëÿ – ïåðâîé äåêàäå ìàÿ, íî â îò-äåëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ èç ïîçäíèõ êëàäîê – â êîí-öå ìàÿ. Òàê â 2005 ã. 28 ìàÿ â îäíîì èç

ëåå áîëåå äåòàëüíî áóäåì ñðàâíèâàòü íàøèíàáëþäåíèÿ 1978–87 ãã. ñ 2005 ã.

Ïî ïðèâåä¸ííûì äàííûì (ðèñ. 3) âèäíî,÷òî çà ïåðèîä 1978–87 ãã. ÷èñëî ãíåçäÿ-ùèõñÿ ïàð â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè çàïîâåä-íèêà íà ïëîùàäè 59,68 êì2 êîëåáàëîñü îò16 äî 27 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 20,1 ïàð çà 9 ëåòíàáëþäåíèé. Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñîîò-âåòñòâåííî ñîñòàâëÿëà îò 0,27 ïàð äî 0,45ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 0,34 ïàð/êì2.

Ðèñ. 4. Ðàçìåùåíèå æè-ëûõ ãí¸çä ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôàâ 1984 ãîäó

Fig. 4. Distribution of ac-tive nests of the BlackVulture in 1984


ãí¸çä áûëî åù¸ íå íàêëþíóòîå, íî óæå ïè-ùàùåå ÿéöî, à â äðóãîì ãíåçäå 4 èþíÿ áûëïòåíåö â âîçðàñòå íå áîëåå 3–5 äíåé, õîòÿ âíåêîòîðûõ ãí¸çäàõ â ýòî âðåìÿ ïòåíöû áûëèóæå â ïîëóòîðàìåñÿ÷íîì âîçðàñòå.

Ïîêà ïòåíåö ïëîõî îïåð¸í, âçðîñëàÿïòèöà îáîãðåâàåò åãî â õîëîäíóþ ïîãîäóè çàêðûâàåò ñâîåé òåíüþ îò ñîëíöà â æàðó.Ê äâóì ìåñÿöàì òåëî ìîëîäîé ïòèöû ïîë-íîñòüþ çàêðûâàåòñÿ ïåðüÿìè, è îíà âñ¸äîëüøå îñòàåòñÿ â ãíåçäå îäíà. Â ýòî âðå-ìÿ (èþëü-àâãóñò) íà ïðèñàäû íà ñêàëàõ ñî-áèðàþòñÿ íà êîëëåêòèâíóþ íî÷¸âêó ñìå-øàííûå ãðóïïû ãðèôîâ è ñèïîâ.

íèðóþò ãîëîäíûå âçðîñëûå ïòèöû, à ìîëî-äûì äàëåêî íå âñåãäà óäà¸òñÿ íàêîðìèòüñÿó òðóïà. Ê êîíöó îêòÿáðÿ ÷àñòü ãðèôîâ îò-êî÷¸âûâàåò. Òàê 7 íîÿáðÿ 1979 ã. îêîëüöî-âàííûé ìîëîäîé ãðèô îáíàðóæåí â 250 êìþæíåå ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ. Â äåêàáðå – ÿí-âàðå â ìåñòàõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ãðèôû âñòðå-÷àþòñÿ ðåäêî.

Îñîáåííîñòè óñòðîéñòâà è

ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä

Ïî ìíåíèþ Î.Â. Ìèòðîïîëüñêîãî ñ ñî-àâòîðàìè (1987), ïîñòðîéêè ãí¸çä íà ñêà-ëàõ ñëóæàò íåîïðåäåëåííî äîëãèé ñðîê,íåêîòîðûå èç íèõ â òå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõäåñÿòèëåòèé.

Îäíàêî, â ðàéîíå íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèéãíåçäîâàíèÿ ãðèôîâ íà ñêàëàõ íå áûëîîòìå÷åíî.

Áèîòîïîì ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ãðèôîâ ÿâëÿþò-ñÿ ñêëîíû ãîð ñ êàìåíèñòûìè îñûïÿìè,ïîðîñøèå ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ìèíäàëåìáóõàðñêèì (Amigdalus bucharica Korsh.), íàâûñîòå îò 900 äî 1900 ì.â.ó.ì., â îñíîâ-íîì íà þæíûõ, þãî-âîñòî÷íûõ è þãî-çà-ïàäíûõ ñêëîíàõ.

Âñå ãí¸çäà áûëè óñòðîåíû íà êóñòàõ ìèí-äàëÿ íà âûñîòå îò 1,5 äî 5 ì íàä çåìë¸é, âçàâèñèìîñòè îò âûñîòû äåðåâà. Ïðè âîç-ìîæíîñòè âûáîðà ïðåäïî÷òåíèå ÿâíî îò-äàâàëîñü íàèáîëåå êðóïíûì äðåâîâèäíûììèíäàëÿì, ðàñòóùèì íà êàìåíèñòûõ îñû-ïÿõ. Ïðè ðàñïîëîæåíèè íà îòíîñèòåëüíîíåáîëüøèõ êóñòàõ, èñïîëüçîâàëèñü òå, ÷òîðîñëè íà âûñòóïàþùèõ ñêàëèñòûõ ó÷àñòêàõ,òàê, ÷òî âûñîòà ïîä ãíåçäîì â èòîãå ðåäêîáûëà ìåíüøå 3–5 ìåòðîâ.

Ãíåçäî óñòðîåíî èç òîëñòûõ âåòîê è ïðåä-ñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïðî÷íîå ñîîðóæåíèå, ñâî-áîäíî âûäåðæèâàþùåå âåñ äâóõ ÷åëîâåê.Íàðóæíûé äèàìåòð ãíåçäà äîñòèãàåò 2,8 ì,îáû÷íî 1,4–2 ì. Âûñîòà åãî çàâèñèò îò äëè-òåëüíîñòè èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ è âàðüèðóåò îò0,5 ì äî 1,3 ì, äîñòèãàÿ ïî ìàêñèìàëüíîâûñîêîé ñòîðîíå, ãäå îáâàëèâàþòñÿ âåòêè,2–2,5 ì.

Ëîòîê ãíåçäà âûðàæåí íå÷¸òêî, â âèäåíåáîëüøîãî óãëóáëåíèÿ äî 13 ñì, îáû÷íî8–11, âûñòëàí ìåëêèìè ïðóòèêàìè, ðàñòè-òåëüíîé âåòîøüþ ñòåáëåé ôåðóëû, ïó÷êà-ìè ñòåáëåé äðóãèõ òðàâÿíèñòûõ ðàñòåíèéè èõ êîðíåé. Â õîäå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ãíåçäàâûñòèëêà ïîñòåïåííî ïîïîëíÿåòñÿ êëî÷ü-ÿìè øêóð, øåðñòüþ èç ðàçäàâëåííûõ ïîãà-äîê, ïåðüÿìè ñàìèõ ãðèôîâ. Â ãíåçäå ñïòåíöàìè ìîæíî íàéòè ìåëêèå êîñòè êî-ïûòíûõ, êóñêè ïàíöèðåé è ëàïû ÷åðåïàõ,÷åðåïà ñóñëèêîâ è ò.ï.

Âûëåòàþò ìîëîäûå ãðèôû ïîñëå çàâåð-øåíèÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ìàõîâûõ è ðóëåâûõâ âîçðàñòå 104–120 äíåé. Èõ âåñ íà ýòîòìîìåíò ñîñòàâëÿåò 7,2–8,8 êã. Íî, êàê ïðà-âèëî, ïåðâîå âðåìÿ ïîñëå âûëåòà îíè åù¸íå ìîãóò âçëåòàòü ñ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ïî-âåðõíîñòè. Âîçìîæíî, èìåííî ïîýòîìóãðèôû èçáåãàþò ãíåçäèòüñÿ íà ïîëîãèõñêëîíàõ, êðóòèçíà êîòîðûõ ìåíåå 15î –20î. Íàèáîëåå ðàííèé âûëåò ìîëîäîãîãðèôà áûë îòìå÷åí 23 èþëÿ 1985 ã. â óð.Õàÿò. Ñëåòåâøàÿ ñ ãíåçäà ìîëîäàÿ ïòèöà íå-ïëîõî äåðæàëàñü â âîçäóõå, â òî âðåìÿêàê â ñîñåäíèõ ãí¸çäàõ ïòåíöàì äî âû-ëåòà îñòàâàëîñü íå ìåíüøå ìåñÿöà. Íàè-áîëåå ïîçäíèé âûëåò îòìå÷åí â ïåðèîäñî 2 ïî 7 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1979 ã. Îñíîâíàÿ÷àñòü ñë¸òêîâ ïîêèäàåò ãí¸çäà â ñåðåäè-íå – êîíöå àâãóñòà.

Âçðîñëûå ïòèöû êîðìÿò ïòåíöîâ îòðûæ-êîé â ïåðâûå äíè ïîñëå âûëóïëåíèÿ 6–7ðàç â äåíü, ïîòîì ðåæå, à â ïîñëåäíèé ìå-ñÿö ïåðåä âûëåòîì 1, ðåäêî – 2 ðàçà â äåíü.Êîðìëåíèå ìîëîäûõ ïòèö ðîäèòåëÿìè ïðî-äîëæàåòñÿ è ïîñëå èõ âûëåòà. Äàæå â íà-÷àëå îêòÿáðÿ âçðîñëûå êîðìÿò èõ íà ãí¸ç-äàõ, õîòÿ ìîëîäûå ãðèôû â ýòî âðåìÿóæå ñîâåðøàëè ïîë¸òû çà äåñÿòêè êèëî-ìåòðîâ. Íàáëþäåíèÿ çà ïîâåäåíèåì ãðè-ôîâ íà ïàäàëè ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî òàì äîìè-

Ïòåíåö ãðèôà íà ãíåçäå.Ôîòî Å. Êîðøóíîâîé

A chick of the Black Vul-ture on a nest. Photo byE. Korshunova


Ñòðîèòåëüñòâî ãíåçäà è ñïàðèâàíèå íåâñåãäà çàâåðøàþòñÿ êëàäêîé. Â 1979 ã. âóðî÷èùå Õàÿò íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùà-äè îêîëî 15 êì2 èç 11 ïàð, ïðèñòóïèâøèõê ñòðîèòåëüñòâó ãí¸çä, ëèøü 10 ïàð çàêîí-÷èëè ñòðîèòåëüñòâî, è òîëüêî 9 ïàð îòëî-æèëè ÿéöà. Îäíà ïàðà, â ÷èñëå ïåðâûõ ïðè-ñòóïèâøàÿ ê ñòðîèòåëüñòâó íîâîãî ãíåçäà,òàê è íå îòëîæèëà ÿéöî, õîòÿ ñïàðèâàíèåýòèõ ïòèö íàáëþäàëîñü ñ 11 ôåâðàëÿ ïî 10àïðåëÿ. Äðóãàÿ ïàðà íå äîñòðîèëà ãíåçäî.

Âîçìîæíî, äëÿ ïîñòðîéêè íîðìàëüíîãîãíåçäà ïòèöàì òðåáóåòñÿ äâà ñåçîíà. Òàê,èç øåñòè ïàð, íà÷èíàâøèõ ñòðîèòåëüñòâîíîâîãî ãíåçäà â 1979–1981 ãã., ïÿòü ïàð íåèìåëî êëàäîê, à ó îäíîé ïàðû êëàäêà ïî-ãèáëà, òàê êàê ãíåçäî áûëî ñëèøêîì ìàëåíü-êèì, à ëîòîê ìåëêèì. Íà âòîðîé ãîä ÷åòû-ðå ïàðû óñïåøíî âûâåëè ïòåíöîâ â ýòèõãí¸çäàõ.

Â 1984 ã. èç 49 íàáëþäàâøèõñÿ ïàð, óêîòîðûõ áûëà âûÿñíåíà óñïåøíîñòü ðàç-ìíîæåíèÿ, òðè íå èìåëè êëàäîê.

Ó÷èòûâàòü ïðîöåíò «áåçäåòíûõ» ïàð íàáîëüøîé ïëîùàäè ñëîæíî, ò.ê. áåç ñòàöèî-íàðíûõ íàáëþäåíèé ðàííþþ ãèáåëü êëàä-êè òðóäíî îòëè÷èòü îò îòñóòñòâèÿ êëàäêèâîîáùå.

Îäíî ãíåçäî ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ãðè-ôàìè íà ïðîòÿæåíèè íåñêîëüêèõ ëåò, à òîè äåñÿòèëåòèé. Òàê 28 ìàÿ 2005 ã. â óðî÷è-ùå Êî÷àê íàìè áûëî îáíàðóæåíî æèëîåãíåçäî ãðèôà, óñòðîåííîå íà ìèíäàëå,

êîòîðîå áûëî îòìàðêèðîâàíî ìåòêîé êàêãíåçäîâîå áîëåå äâàäöàòè ëåò íàçàä. Â ïå-ðèîä íàáëþäåíèé 1978–1987 ãã. â óðî÷è-ùå Êàðû äâà ãíåçäà èñïîëüçîâàëèñü âîñåìüðàç, è óñïåøíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â íèõ ñî-ñòàâèëà 92% (â ïåðâîì ãíåçäå – 7 ñë¸òêîâ,è â îäèí ãîä – óñïåøíîñòü íå èçâåñòíà, âîâòîðîì ãíåçäå – 4 ñë¸òêà, â îäèí ãîä – ãè-áåëü ïòåíöà, è â 3 äðóãèõ ãîäà – óñïåø-íîñòü íå èçâåñòíà). Îò 4 äî 7 ðàç çà 10 ëåòíàáëþäåíèé èñïîëüçîâàëèñü 19 ãí¸çä, óñ-ïåøíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâè-ëà 65%, ÷òî íà 7% âûøå ñðåäíåé. ×àùåâñåãî ãíåçäî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ìåíüøèé ñðîêèëè áîëåå ðåäêî, ò.ê. êîëè÷åñòâî êðóïíûõäåðåâüåâ ìèíäàëÿ, ñïîñîáíûõ áåçáîëåç-íåííî âûäåðæàòü îãðîìíóþ ïîñòðîéêó,îãðàíè÷åíî. Êîãäà æå ãíåçäî óñòðàèâàåò-ñÿ íà íåäîñòàòî÷íî ñèëüíûõ äåðåâüÿõ èêóñòàõ, ïîñëå íåñêîëüêèõ ëåò äîñòðàèâà-íèÿ òÿæ¸ëàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ïîñòðîéêà ëèáî«ñïîëçàåò» íà ñòîðîíó è íà çåìëþ, ëèáîïðèâîäèò ê óñûõàíèþ ìèíäàëÿ è ïîñëåäó-þùåìó ðàçðóøåíèþ ñàìîãî ãíåçäà.

Ãí¸çäà ãðèôà áûëè óñòðîåíû íà êóñòàõìèíäàëÿ áóõàðñêîãî, ðàñòóùèõ íà ãîðíûõñêëîíàõ êðóòèçíîé îò 25 äî 45 ãðàäóñîâ, â

Ðèñ. 5. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãí¸çä ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà íà ñêëî-íàõ ãîð ðàçíîé ýêñïîçèöèè

Fig. 5. Locations of the Black Vulture nests on moun-tainsides with different expositions

Ðèñ. 6. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãí¸çä ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà íàðàçíîé âûñîòå íàä óðîâ-íåì ìîðÿ

Fig. 6. Locations of theBlack Vulture nests onmountainsides with dif-ferent elevations

Òàáë. 1. Ðåçóëüòàò êëàñòåðíîãî àíàëèçà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà ïî âûñîòå íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ,ýêñïîçèöèè, êðóòèçíå ñêëîíîâ è óñïåõó ðàçìíîæåíèÿ

Table 1. Results of Cluster Analysis of the Black Vulture nest locations on mountainsides with different elevations,expositions, steepness and successful breeding


ñðåäíåì (n=99) 32,47±4,97(çäåñü è äàëåå M±SD). Áîëü-øèíñòâî ãí¸çä (n=101) ðàçìå-ùàëîñü íà ñêëîíàõ ñ þãî-âîñ-òî÷íîé (30,8%) ýêñïîçèöèåé(ðèñ. 5), 22,0% – íà þæíûõ,20,9% – íà âîñòî÷íûõ, 17,6%– íà çàïàäíûõ è 12,1% – íàþãî-çàïàäíûõ ñêëîíàõ ãîð.Ìåíåå 8% ïàð ãðèôîâ ãíåç-äèëîñü íà ñêëîíàõ, èìåþùèõñåâåðî-çàïàäíóþ è ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íóþ ýêñïîçèöèþ, ÷òîìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü èñêëþ÷åíèåì.Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ñëó÷àåâ ðàç-ìíîæåíèÿ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíàâ ãíåçäàõ þãî-âîñòî÷íîé ýêñ-ïîçèöèè (n=256) – 26,5%.

Âñå ãí¸çäà (n=101) ðàñïî-ëàãàëèñü íà âûñîòå îò 1000

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà êëàäîê è

ðàçìåðîâ ÿèö â ñâÿçè ñ

óñïåøíîñòüþ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ

Â êëàäêàõ ãðèôîâ îáû÷íî ïî îäíîìó ÿéöó.Ëèøü â äâóõ êëàäêàõ èç 258 áûëî îáíàðóæå-íî äâà ÿéöà. Â 1981 ã. â óðî÷èùå Êàðû â îä-íîé êëàäêå áûëî îòìå÷åíî äâà ÿéöà îáû÷-íîé îêðàñêè ðàçìåðàìè 95,0x72,5 ìì è81,9x72,5 ìì. Â 1983 ã. â óðî÷èùå Ìàäæå-ðóì â êëàäêå áûëî äâà ÿéöà, îäíî ÷èñòî áå-ëîå ðàçìåðîì 90,0õ69,5 ìì, äðóãîå îáû÷-íîé îêðàñêè 90,6õ70,7 ìì.

Êàê ïðàâèëî, ÿéöà ïîêðûòû áóðûìè ïÿò-íàìè ðàçëè÷íîé ôîðìû, ðàçëè÷íûõ îòòåí-êîâ è ÿðêîñòè îêðàñêè, íî èíîãäà âñòðå-÷àþòñÿ ÷èñòî áåëûå ÿéöà, êîòîðûå â íàøåéâûáîðêå ñîñòàâèëè 9,5 %.

Äëèíà ÿèö (n=260) ñîñòàâëÿåò 69,2 –102,3 ìì, â ñðåäíåì 91,04 ìì; äèàìåòð51,4 – 75,9 ìì, â ñðåäíåì 69,27 ìì. Ôîð-ìà ÿèö õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ñëåäóþùèìè, ïðè-ìåíÿåìûìè â îîëîãèè, êîýôôèöèåíòàìè:I – â ñðåäíåì 76,17 (56,53–88,09); K – âñðåäíåì 1,32 (1,14–1,77); U – â ñðåäíåì31,62 (13,52–76,90).

äî 1880 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ, â ñðåäíåìíà âûñîòå 1487,03±167,35 ì. Ïðè ýòîì44,55% âñåõ ãí¸çä áûëè íà âûñîòå îò1400 äî 1600 ì (ðèñ. 6), íà íèõ ïðèøëîñü50% âñåõ ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ è 57%âñåõ ñë¸òêîâ.

Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì êëàñòåðíîãî àíàëèçà òà-êèõ ôàêòîðîâ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñëó÷àåâ ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ ãðèôà êàê âûñîòà íàä óðîâíåììîðÿ, ýêñïîçèöèÿ è êðóòèçíà ñêëîíà â ñðàâ-íåíèè ñ óñïåõîì ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áûëè âû-äåëåíû ÷åòûðå ãðóïïû ãí¸çä (òàáë. 1). Ðàç-äåëåíèå íà 2 ãðóïïû ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî êíàèáîëåå êðóïíîé ãðóïïå îòíîñèòñÿ58,33% ãí¸çä ãðèôà, ðàñïîëîæåííûõ íàñêëîíàõ þãî-þãî-âîñòî÷íîé ýêñïîçèöèè(175,98±62,93°) íà âûñîòå 1592,5±95,9 ìíàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ ïðè êðóòèçíå ñêëîíà33,71±4,39°. Èìåííî ýòà ãðóïïà ãí¸çä ãðè-ôîâ õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ìàêñèìàëüíûì óñïå-õîì ðàçìíîæåíèÿ – 63,4% óñïåøíûõ ãí¸çä.

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãí¸çä ãðèôà ïî âûñîòå è ýêñïîçèöèè â öåíòðàëü-íîé ÷àñòè Íóðàòèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà íà êîñìîñíèìêå Landsat 7,òðàíñôîðìèðîâàííîì 3D-ìîäóëåì

Locations of the Black Vulture nests on mountainsides with differentelevations and expositions in central part of the Nuratau Nature Re-serve on satellite image Landsat 7 by transformed 3D-module

Ðàçìåð ÿèö â êëàäêàõãðèôà

Size of eggs in clutches ofthe Black Vulture

Êëàäêà ãðèôà. Õðåáåò Êàðàòàó. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

A clutch of the Black Vulture. Karatau mountains. Photo by I. Karyakin


Ðèñ. 8. Ñîîòíîøåíèå ãèáåëè ÿèö è ïòåíöîâ â ðàçíûõ ãðóïïàõ ÿèö, ðàí-æèðîâàííûõ ïî îáú¸ìó (äëÿ ãí¸çä, â êîòîðûõ óñòàíîâëåíû âðåìÿ è ïðè-÷èíû ãèáåëè ïîòîìñòâà)

Fig. 8. Correlation between deaths of eggs and chicks in different groupsof eggs ranged by its volumes

Íà íàø âçãëÿä, áèîëîãè÷åñêè çíà÷èìîáú¸ì ÿèö (V), êîòîðûé ñîñòàâèë îò 93,24ñì3 äî 287,3 ñì3, â ñðåäíåì 223,6 ñì3.

Óñïåøíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â ñðåäíåì ñî-ñòàâèëà 58,0%, (n=200), ïðè ýòîì ãèáåëüÿèö áûëà óñòàíîâëåíà â 27 ñëó÷àÿõ, ãèáåëüïòåíöîâ – â 28, îòñóòñòâèå ñë¸òêîâ áåçáîëåå òî÷íîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñòàäèè ãèáå-ëè – â 29 ñëó÷àÿõ è â 116 – ñë¸òêîâ óñïåø-íî âûðàñòèëè.

Ñðåäíèé îáú¸ì ÿèö, ó êîòîðûõ áûëà îò-ìå÷åíà ãèáåëü, ñîñòàâèë 205,38 ñì3; ñðåä-íèé îáú¸ì ÿèö, ïòåíöû èç êîòîðûõ ïîãèá-ëè, ñîñòàâèë 217,89 ñì3, â òî âðåìÿ êàêñðåäíèé îáú¸ì «óñïåøíûõ» ÿèö – 230,31ñì3. Ïðè ýòîì âî âñåõ êëàäêàõ, â êîòîðûõîáú¸ì ÿèö áûë ìåíåå 180 ñì3 (n=8), èòîããíåçäîâàíèÿ áûë íåóñïåøíûì: â ïÿòè ñëó-÷àÿõ îòìå÷åíà ãèáåëü ÿèö, â äâóõ ñëó÷àÿõçàôèêñèðîâàíî îòñóòñòâèå ñë¸òêîâ, â îä-íîì ñëó÷àå ãíåçäî áîëåå íå ïðîâåðÿëîñü.Ìèíèìàëüíûé îáú¸ì ÿéöà, ïðè êîòîðîìáûë îòìå÷åí óñïåøíî âûðîñøèé ïòåíåö,ñîñòàâëÿë 181,42 ñì3 ïðè ðàçìåðå ÿéöà80,2õ66,6 ìì è èíäåêñå ôîðìû 20,42.

Â öåëîì ïî âûáîðêå îáú¸ì ÿèö õîðîøîêîððåëèðóåò ñ óñïåøíîñòüþ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ(êîýôôèöèåíò êîððåëÿöèè 0,891). Ðàñ-ïðåäåëåíèå êîëè÷åñòâà ÿèö ïî ðàçíûìîáú¸ìíûì ãðóïïàì è ñâÿçü ñ óñïåøíîñòüþðàçìíîæåíèÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíû íà ðèñóíêå 7.

Ãèáåëü

Àíàëèç óñïåøíîñòè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ãðèôîâïîêàçàë, ÷òî ãèáåëü ÿèö è ãèáåëü ïòåíöîâíàõîäÿòñÿ â ïðîòèâîôàçå êàê ïî ãîäàì, òàêè â ðàçíûõ ãðóïïàõ ÿèö, ðàíæèðîâàííûõ ïîîáú¸ìó (ðèñ. 8, 9). ×åì ìåíüøå ãèáåëü ÿèö,òåì áîëüøå ãèáåëü ïòåíöîâ, è íàîáîðîò (íà-áëþäàåòñÿ îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ êîððåëÿöèÿ ìåæ-äó ãèáåëüþ ÿèö è ïòåíöîâ – 0,530).

Åñëè ýòî íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñëó÷àéíûì àðòå-ôàêòîì íàáëþäåíèé, òî îáúÿñíèòü ýòîìîæíî, íà íàø âçãëÿä, òîëüêî ñîöèàëüíîéèåðàðõèåé â ñîîáùåñòâå ãðèôîâ. Ïðè íà-áëþäåíèÿõ çà êîðìëåíèåì ãðèôîâ íà ïà-äàëè ìû îòìå÷àëè, ÷òî äîìèíèðóþò íàè-áîëåå êðóïíûå è ñèëüíûå ïòèöû.Íàïðèìåð, ìîëîäûå áåçðîïîòíî óñòóïà-ëè ìåñòî ó òóøè ñòàðøèì. È, õîòÿ àãðåñ-ñèâíîñòü ïðèëåòàþùèõ ãîëîäíûõ ïòèö äà¸òèì ïðåèìóùåñòâî ïåðåä óæå íàåâøèìèñÿ,ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü êîðì¸æêè ìîëîäûõ èáîëåå ñëàáûõ ïòèö, ïðè íàëè÷èè áîëüøîãîêîëè÷åñòâà áîëåå ñèëüíûõ, îãðàíè÷åíà. Âîç-ìîæíî, ïðè äåôèöèòå êîðìà ïîä÷èí¸ííûåïòèöû íå ìîãóò ïîëíîöåííî âûêîðìèòü ïòåí-öîâ, è åñëè ó íèõ íå ïðîèçîøëà ãèáåëü êëàä-

Ðèñ. 7. Ñîîòíîøåíèå ÿèö ðàçëè÷íîãî îáú¸ìà â êëàäêàõ è èçìåíåíèå óñ-ïåøíîñòè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ãðèôîâ â Íóðàòàó

Fig. 7. Correlation between different egg volumes in clutches and chang-ing of successful nesting of the Black Vulture in Nuratau mountains

Ðèñ. 9. Ñîîòíîøåíèå ãèáåëè ÿèö è ïòåíöîâ â ðàçíûå ãîäû (äëÿ ãí¸çä, âêîòîðûõ óñòàíîâëåíû âðåìÿ è ïðè÷èíû ãèáåëè ïîòîìñòâà)

Fig. 9. Correlation between deaths of eggs and chicks in different years


êè íà ñòàäèè ÿéöà, îáðå÷¸ííûì íà ãèáåëüñòàíîâèòñÿ ïòåíåö. Ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, ëó÷-øèå ìåñòà äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ïî-âèäèìîìó,òàêæå çàíèìàþò äîìèíèðóþùèå ïàðû.

Â 1978–82 ãã. èç 26 ñëó÷àåâ ãèáåëè ãí¸çäêîãäà áûëà èçâåñòíà ïðè÷èíà 73% ïðè-øëîñü íà ãèáåëü ÿèö, â ò.÷. 46% – áîëòóíû,12% – ãèáåëü ýìáðèîíà, 22 % – ãèáåëüïòåíöîâ, ïðè÷¸ì 19% – ãèáåëü â ïåðâûåäíè ïîñëå âûëóïëåíèÿ.

Â 1984 ã. èç 6 ñëó÷àåâ ãèáåëè ÿèö îäíîáûëî ðàñêë¸âàíî, âåðîÿòíî, âîðîíîì, îäíî– îòëîæåíî â íåäîñòðîåííîå ãíåçäî è áðî-øåíî, â òð¸õ ñëó÷àÿõ áûëè áîëòóíû, è â îä-íîì ñëó÷àå ïðîèçîøëà ãèáåëü çàðîäûøà.

Îäèí ðàç çà âñå ãîäû íàáëþäåíèé ó ÷¸ð-íîãî ãðèôà áûë îòìå÷åí ñëó÷àé ïðîäàâ-ëèâàíèÿ ñêîðëóïû. Ïðè îáñëåäîâàíèèãíåçäà â óðî÷èùå Êî÷àê 16 àïðåëÿ 1985 ã.áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ÿéöî-áîëòóí ñ ïðîäàâ-ëåííîé ñêîðëóïîé. Ðàçìåðû ÿéöà82,6x66,8 ìì. Ïîâåðõíîñòü ñêîðëóïû áûëàïîêðûòà ïÿòíàìè èçúÿçâëåíèé.

Â 1986 ã. îäíî ÿéöî áûëî, ïî-âèäèìî-ìó, ðàñêë¸âàíî âîðîíîì.

Ïî ìàòåðèàëàì Ëåòîïèñè ïðèðîäû çàïî-âåäíèêà çà 2003 ãîä ó ïàð, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ âÑåíòÿáñàå è â óð. Õàÿò (Àíäåáàðàóò è ÍîâèÕóøê), êëàäêà ïîãèáëà âåñíîé, ïî-âèäèìî-ìó, â ðåçóëüòàòå ñèëüíîãî çàìîðîçêà.

Â ïåðèîä 1978–82 ãã. íà 150 ñëó÷àåâãíåçäîâàíèÿ áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî òðè ñëó÷àÿ(2%) êîãäà ãíåçäî áûëî ðàçîðåíî ÷åëîâå-êîì (Êîðøóíîâà, Êîðøóíîâ, 1983).

Â 2005 ã. â äâóõ èç 23 ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäîâà-íèÿ ãí¸çäà áûëè çàáðîñàíû êàìíÿìè(8,7%). Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî îáà ãíåçäàáûëè ðàñïîëîæåíû íåïîäàëåêó îò êèøëà-êîâ Óõóì è Õàÿò íà òåððèòîðèè, âûøåä-øåé èç ñîñòàâà çàïîâåäíèêà.

Ê ÷èñëó ãðóñòíûõ êóðü¸çîâ ìîæíî îòíå-ñòè ñëó÷àé, êîãäà, ïî óñòíîìó ñîîáùåíèþÍ.Þ. Áåøêî, íà âîëíå áóìà ïî èçúÿòèþ èïðîäàæå ñîêîëîâ, ìåñòíûå æèòåëè ïîîøèáêå èçúÿëè ïòåíöà ãðèôà è çàòåì îò-äàëè åãî â çàïîâåäíèê.

Âûâîäû

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñîñòîÿíèå òåððèòîðè-àëüíîé ãðóïïèðîâêè ãðèôîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íàõðåáòå Íóðàòàó, áëàãîäàðÿ ñóùåñòâîâàíèþÍóðàòèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòüâïîëíå óäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíûì, à èõ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü – äîñòàòî÷íî ñòàáèëüíîé. Âìåñòå ñ òåìñëåäóåò ïðèçíàòü íåöåëåñîîáðàçíûì èñêëþ-÷åíèå èç ñîñòàâà çàïîâåäíèêà ïðèëåãàþùèõê êèøëàêàì çåìåëü, ò.ê. â ýòîì ñëó÷àå ìåñòàãíåçäîâàíèÿ ëèøàþòñÿ îõðàíû. Õîòåëîñü áû

ïðåäëîæèòü âêëþ÷èòü ýòè çåìëè â êà÷åñòâåáèîñôåðíîãî ïîëèãîíà â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòè-ðóåìîãî Íóðàòà-Êûçûëêóìñêîãî áèîñôåð-íîãî ðåçåðâàòà è ïåðåäàòü ïîä óïðàâëåíèåÍóðàòèíñêîìó çàïîâåäíèêó.

Ó÷èòûâàÿ áîëüøóþ ðîëü çàïîâåäíèêà âñîõðàíåíèè ìåñò ñ âûñîêîé êîíöåíòðàöè-åé ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö, öåëåñîîá-ðàçíî åãî òåððèòîðèþ âûäåëèòü â êà÷åñòâåêëþ÷åâîé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé òåððèòîðèè.

Âìåñòå ñ òåì ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü öåëåñî-îáðàçíîñòü äàëüíåéøåãî èçó÷åíèÿ ÷¸ðíî-ãî ãðèôà íà õðåáòå Íóðàòàó ñ öåëüþ âûÿñ-íåíèÿ ñîöèàëüíîé ñòðóêòóðû ãðóïïèðîâêèè âîçìîæíûõ óãðîç.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè

Àâòîðû áëàãîäàðÿò çàìåñòèòåëÿ äèðåêòîðàÍóðàòèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà Áåøêî Í.Þ. çà ïî-ìîùü è ñîäåéñòâèå â ïðîâåäåíèè ïîëåâûõ ðà-áîò è ïðåäîñòàâëåíèå íåîáõîäèìîãî äëÿ ðàáî-òû òðàíñïîðòà è îáîðóäîâàíèÿ. Îñîáóþáëàãîäàðíîñòü âûðàæàåì äèðåêòîðó Öåíòðàïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé Êàðÿêèíó È.Â., áëàãîäà-ðÿ çàèíòåðåñîâàííîñòè êîòîðîãî ñîñòîÿëîñüîáñëåäîâàíèå òåððèòîðèè Íóðàòèíñêîãî çàïî-âåäíèêà â 2005 ã., à òàêæå çà ïîìîùü â ñòàòèñ-

òè÷åñêîé îáðàáîòêå è ÃÈÑ-àíàëèçå ìàòåðèàëà.


Áîãäàíîâ Ì.Í. Î÷åðêè ïðèðîäû Õèâèíñêî-ãî îàçèñà è ïóñòûíè Êèçûë-Êóì. Îïèñàíèå Õè-âèíñêîãî ïîõîäà 1873 ã., ñîñòàâëåííîå ïîäðåäàêöèåé ãåíåðàëüíîãî øòàáà ãåíåðàë-ëåéòå-íàíòà Â.Í. Òðîöêîãî. Âûï. 12. Òàøêåíò. 1882.

Çàðóäíûé Í.À. Ïòèöû ïóñòûíè Êèçûëêóì. –Ìàò-ëû ê ïîçíàíèþ ôàóíû è ôëîðû Ðîñ. èì-ïåðèè, îòä. çîîë., 1915, âûï. 14. Ñ.1–149.

Êîðøóíîâà Å.Í., Êîðøóíîâ Å.Í. ×¸ðíûéãðèô â Íóðàòèíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå – Ìàò. 1 ñî-âåù. ïî ýêîëîãèè è îõðàíå õèùíûõ ïòèö. Èçä-âî «Íàóêà», Ìîñêâà, 1983. Ñ.124–127.

Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðåñïóáëèêè Óçáåêèñòàí. Ò.II.Æèâîòíûå «Chinor ENK», Òàøêåíò, 2003. Ñ.169–170.

Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé Î.Â., Ôîòòåëåð Ý.Ð., Òðåòüÿ-êîâ Ã.Ï. Îòðÿä Ñîêîëîîáðàçíûå Falconiformes.– Ïòèöû Óçáåêèñòàíà. Ò.1. Òàøêåíò: Èçä-âîÔÀÍ. 1987. P.123–247.

Íóìåðîâ À.Ä., Ïðèêëîíñêèé Ñ.Ã., Èâàí÷åâÂ.Ï., Êîòþêîâ Þ.Â., Êàøåíöåâà Ò.À., ÌàðêèíÞ.Ì., Ïîñòåëüíûõ À.Â. Êëàäêè è ðàçìåðû ÿèöïòèö þãî-âîñòîêà Ìåùåðñêîé íèçìåííîñòè:Òðóäû Îêñêîãî ãîñóä. Çàïîâåäíèêà. Ðÿçàíü,1995. Âûï.18. Ñ. 5–10.

Hoyt D.F. Practical methods of estimatingvolume and fresh weight of bird eggs – Auk.1979. Vol. 96. ¹ 1. P. 73–77.

Korshunova E.N. Nesting of the Black Vultureof the Nuratau Ridge (Uzbekistan) – ACTA. XY111Congress Internationalist Ornithological. Volume11. Moscow: «Nauka». 1985. P. 1125–1126.


Ðàéîíû îòíîñèòåëüíî ðåãóëÿðíûõ çèìîâîêáåëûõ ñîâ (Nyctea scandiaca) íå çàõâàòû-âàþò òåððèòîðèþ Ñðåäíåé Àçèè è ïðèóðî-÷åíû ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ê áîëåå ñåâåðíûìëåñîñòåïíîé è ñòåïíîé çîíàì Êàçàõñòàíà(Ãàâðèí, 1962; Øåâ÷åíêî, 1986; Ìîñêà-ë¸â, 1969). Â Ñðåäíåé Àçèè ñòàòóñ ýòîãîâèäà íîñèò õàðàêòåð ðåäêèõ è íåðåãóëÿð-íûõ çàë¸òîâ.

Êðîìå þæíûõ îáëàñòåé Êàçàõñòàíà ïå-ðèîäè÷åñêèå íàë¸òû áåëûõ ñîâ îòìå÷åíûâ Êèðãèçñòàíå, Óçáåêèñòàíå è Òóðêìåíèñ-òàíå. Þæíûå ãðàíèöû çèìíèõ êî÷¸âîê áå-ëûõ ñîâ îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ íàõîäêàìè â Ñðåä-íåé Àçèè, â ñåâåðíîì Èðàíå è Ïåíäæàáå(Èíäèÿ). Îáùèå îñîáåííîñòè þæíîé ãðà-íèöû çèìíåãî àðåàëà áåëûõ ñîâ â áîëüøèí-ñòâå ñâîäîê âûãëÿäÿò èëè íåïîëíî, èëè íå-êîððåêòíî (Ãàâðèí, 1962; Äåìåíòüåâ, 1936,1951; Èâàíîâ, 1953), âïëîòü äî ïîëíîãîèãíîðèðîâàíèÿ ýòîãî âîïðîñà â ñâîäêå ïîáûâøåìó ÑÑÑÐ (Ïóêèíñêèé,1993) èëè Óç-áåêèñòàíà (Ñàãèòîâ, 1990). Â äàííîì ñîîá-ùåíèè îñóùåñòâëåíà ïîïûòêà ñâåñòè âñåèçâåñòíûå ìàòåðèàëû ïî çèìíåìó ðàñïðå-äåëåíèþ ýòîãî âèäà íà ïðîñòðàíñòâå Ñðåä-íåé Àçèè. Ñåâåðíàÿ ãðàíèöà ðàññìàòðèâà-åìîãî çäåñü ðåãèîíà î÷åð÷èâàåòñÿ òàê: îòñåâåðíîãî áåðåãà îçåðà Áàëõàø ÷åðåç ñå-âåðíûé áåðåã Àðàëüñêîãî ìîðÿ è ñåâåðíîåÏðåäóñòþðòüå ê âîñòî÷íîìó áåðåãó Êàñïèé-ñêîãî ìîðÿ ó ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîãî óãëà ïîëó-îñòðîâà Áóçà÷è. Îòìå÷ó, ÷òî ñåâåðíååóêàçàííîé ãðàíèöû âñòðå÷è áåëûõ ñîâ äî-ñòàòî÷íî îáû÷íû, òàê ÷òî þæíàÿ ãðàíèöàçèìîâîê, óêàçàííàÿ íà êàðòå Ã.Ï. Äåìåí-òüåâà (1951) è ïîâòîðåííàÿ Þ.Á. Ïóêèíñ-êèì (1993), ÷ðåçìåðíî ñäâèíóòà ê ñåâåðó.

Íà þãî-âîñòîêå Êàçàõñòàíà, þæíåå îçå-ðà Áàëõàø, áåëàÿ ñîâà íàáëþäàëàñü Á.Ê.Øòåãìàíîì â íèçîâüÿõ ð. Èëè, â óðî÷èùåÄæåëüòóðàíãà 02 ÿíâàðÿ 1942 ã., à â îêðå-ñòíîñòÿõ ã. Èëèéñêà áûëà äîáûòà Â.Â. Áåé-êîì 27 ìàðòà 1917 ã. Áîëåå îáû÷íû íàõîä-êè ïîëÿðíûõ ñîâ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ã. Àëìàòû:22 ôåâðàëÿ 1868 ã. – äîáûòà Í.À. Ñåâåðöî-âûì; ñîâà èç êîëëåêöèè Ì.À. Ìåíçáèðà –äîáûòà â ôåâðàëå (ãîä íåèçâåñòåí); âñòðå-÷åíà Ñ.Á. Ïîëå – â îêòÿáðå 1984 ã. (Øíèò-íèêîâ, 1949; Ãàâðèí, 1962; íàøè äàííûå).

Records�of�winter�vagrant�Snowy�Owls�in�Central�Asia

ОБЗОР�ЗАЛЁТОВ�БЕЛЫХ�СОВ�В�СРЕДНЮЮ�АЗИЮ

O.V.�Mitropolskiy�(National�University,�Tashkent,�Uzbekistan)

О.В.�Митропольс�ий�(Национальный�$ниверситет,�Таш�ент,�Узбе�истан)

The Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca) is arare and irregular vagrant species in Mid-dle Asia. The current paper summarizesall of the available data on the winterrecords of the species in the territory ofMiddle Asia.

In the South-East of Kazakhstan to theSouth of the Balchash Lake the Snowy Owlwas observed by B.K. Shtegman in thelower part of the Ili river at the Gelturan-ga boundary on 02.01.1942, one bird wasprocured by V.V. Beyk near Iliysk on 23/03/1917. Snowy Owls were registeredmore frequently near Almaty: a bird wasprocured by N.A. Severtsev in 22/02/1868, – one bird was collected by M.A.Mensbier in February (year unknown), –recorded by C.B. Pole in the October, 1984(Shnitnikov, 1949; Gavrin, 1962; ourdata). Several birds were shot near Bishkek(Northern Kyrgyzstan) in the winters of1926–1927 (Dementyev, Dementyev,1930). An owl was shot in a place calledDarbaza (to north from Saryagach) in thesouth of the Southern-Kazakhstan district(Bogdanov, 1960), and one at a lake inthe Tashkent district in 23/12/1958 (Ga-vrin, 1962). Records of snow owls in thesouth of Western Kazakhstan are rare aswell. A bird was shot in the winter 1892/1893 on the Magyshlak peninsula (Zarud-niy, 1896). A snowy owl was hunted inthe end of winter of 1903 near Farab inthe middle Amu-Darya river valley in Turk-menistan (Loudon, 1910). At that time thespecies was noted at the eastern Caspianseaside (Iran) at the Gyrgen river estuary(Zarudny, 1911). An owl was shot nearArtyk on the north of the Kopetdag moun-tain foothills in the 18 April of 1936 (De-mentyev, 1952). An owl was noted at theCaspian seaside near Chikishlar in the sec-ond half of November, 1976; and 2 deadbirds were found simultaneously in thesands 66 kilometers north of Mary town,and a wounded owl was caught in Kras-novodsk in 10/02/1977 (Rustamov, 1977;Karavaev, Beloysov, 1977).

Êîíòàêò:

Îëåã Âèëüåâè÷Ìèòðîïîëüñêèéïðîôåññîðäîêòîð áèîë. íàóêÍàöèîíàëüíûéóíèâåðñèòåòÒàøêåíò, Óçáåêèñòàí[email protected]

Contact:

Oleg V. MitropolskiyProf., Dr.National UniversityTashkent, [email protected]

Áåëàÿ ñîâà (Nyctea scan-diaca). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The Snowy Owl (Nycteascandiaca). Photo by I.Karyakin


Áåëàÿ ñîâà îòìå÷åíà â ñåâåðíîé Êèðãèçèè, â ×óéñ-êîé äîëèíå, ãäå çèìîé 1926–1927 ãã. áûëî äîáûòî íå-ñêîëüêî ïòèö â ðàéîíå Áèøêåêà, îñìîòðåííûõ ó ìåñò-íîãî ïðåïàðàòîðà (Äåìåíòüåâ Ã., Äåìåíòüåâ Ä., 1930).Ã.Ñ. Óìðèõèíà (1970), ñî ñëîâ ïðåïàðàòîðà Í.ß. Âàñè-ëüåâà, óòî÷íÿåò, ÷òî â òîò ïåðèîä áûëî äîáûòî 5 áå-ëûõ ñîâ. Õàðàêòåðíî, ÷òî èìåííî â ýòó çèìó îòìå÷åíìàññîâûé íàë¸ò áåëûõ ñîâ è â Åâðîïåéñêóþ ÷àñòü Ñî-âåòñêîãî Ñîþçà (Äåìåíòüåâ, 1951). Êðîìå òîãî, Í.ß.Âàñèëüåâ óêàçûâàåò, ÷òî â çîîëîãè÷åñêîì ìóçåå Êèð-ãèçñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà èìååòñÿ ýêçåìïëÿð èç ×óéñ-êîé ñòåïè, íàéäåííûé çèìîé 1937 ã.

Ðåäêè áåëûå ñîâû è çàïàäíåå – â äîëèíå ñðåäíåéÑûðäàðüè. Íà þãå Þæíî-Êàçàõñòàíñêîé îáëàñòè âóðî÷èùå Äàðáàçà (ñåâåðíåå ã. Ñàðûàãà÷) áåëàÿ ñîâàáûëà äîáûòà 16 ìàðòà 1956 ã. (Áîãäàíîâ, 1960), à åù¸þæíåå, íà îäíîì èç îç¸ð Òàøêåíòñêîé îáëàñòè – 23äåêàáðÿ 1958 ã. (Ãàâðèí, 1962). Îòìåòèì, ÷òî äîáû÷àñîâû ñåâåðíåå Ñàðûàãà÷à íå ó÷òåíà Â.Ô. Ãàâðèíûì(1962) â ñâîäêå ïî Êàçàõñòàíó, à äîáû÷à ýòîãî âèäà âÒàøêåíòñêîé îáëàñòè îòñóòñòâóåò â ñâîäêå À.Ê. Ñàãè-òîâà (1990) ïî Óçáåêèñòàíó. Ïðè÷¸ì â ïîñëåäíåì ñëó-÷àå áåëàÿ ñîâà âîîáùå íå óêàçàíà êàê âèä äëÿ ôàóíûÓçáåêèñòàíà.

Â þæíîé ÷àñòè çàïàäíîé ïîëîâèíû Êàçàõñòàíà íà-õîäêè áåëûõ ñîâ òàêæå åäèíè÷íû. Îäèí ýêçåìïëÿð áûëäîáûò çèìîé 1892/1893 ã. íà Ìàíãûøëàêå, â îêðåñò-íîñòÿõ ã. Ôîðò-Øåâ÷åíêî (Çàðóäíûé, 1896). Â òî æåâðåìÿ óêàçàíèå íà íàõîæäåíèå áåëîé ñîâû íà Òþëå-íüèõ (Ìàíãèñòàóñêèõ) îñòðîâàõ Ñåâåðíîãî Êàñïèÿ (Äå-ìåíòüåâ, 1951) äëÿ ìåíÿ îñòàëîñü íåÿñíûì, òàê êàêïåðâîèñòî÷íèê íå íàéäåí. Âî âñÿêîì ñëó÷àå, â ñâîä-êå ïî ïòèöàì ýòîãî ðàéîíà (Ãëàäêîâ, Çàëåòàåâ, 1956)ýòî ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèå áåëîé ñîâû íå óêàçàíî.

Íà ñðåäíåé Àìóäàðüå, â ïðåäåëàõ Òóðêìåíèñòàíà,áåëàÿ ñîâà áûëà äîáûòà â êîíöå çèìû 1903 ã. â îêðå-ñòíîñòÿõ Ôàðàáà, â äîëèíå ðåêè (Loudon, 1910). Èí-òåðåñíî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â ìàðòå 1903 ã. ýòîò âèä íàéäåíè íà þãî-âîñòî÷íîì ïîáåðåæüå Êàñïèÿ (Èðàí), â óñ-òüÿõ Ãþðãåíÿ (Sarudny, 1911).

Çàë¸òû áåëûõ ñîâ â Òóðêìåíèþ ðåäêè, íî ïîâòîðÿ-þòñÿ ðåãóëÿðíî. Â ñåâåðíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Êîïåòäàãà, óÀðòûêà ñîâà áûëà äîáûòà 18 àïðåëÿ 1936 ã. (Äåìåí-òüåâ, 1952). Çèìîé 1976/1977 ã. íàáëþäàëñÿ î÷åðåä-íîé íàë¸ò áåëûõ ñîâ. Âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå íîÿáðÿ 1976ã. ñîâà îòìå÷åíà íà ïîáåðåæüå Êàñïèÿ ó ×èêèøëÿðà,â íà÷àëå ÿíâàðÿ 1977 ã. ñðàçó äâå ïîãèáøèå ñîâû íàé-äåíû â ïåñêàõ â 66 êì ñåâåðíåå ã. Ìàðû, à 10 ôåâðà-ëÿ 1977 ã. ðàíåíàÿ ñîâà ïîéìàíà â ã. Êðàñíîâîäñêå(Ðóñòàìîâ, 1977; Êàðàâàåâ, Áåëîóñîâ, 1977).

Ñðîêè ìèãðàöèè áåëûõ ñîâ â Ñðåäíåé Àçèè èçó÷å-íû íåäîñòàòî÷íî. Îñåíüþ íàèáîëåå ðàííèå ïîÿâëå-íèÿ îòìå÷åíû â îêòÿáðå-íîÿáðå, âåñíîé ïîñëåäíèåâñòðå÷è ïðèõîäÿòñÿ íà ìàðò-àïðåëü. Âñåãî èç 13 äà-òèðîâàííûõ âñòðå÷ ïî îäíîìó ðàçó ñîâû îòìå÷åíû âîêòÿáðå, íîÿáðå, äåêàáðå è àïðåëå è ïî 3 âñòðå÷è âìåñÿö â ÿíâàðå, ôåâðàëå è ìàðòå. Äîáàâèì, ÷òî âñòðå-÷à áåëîé ñîâû íà ñðåäíåé Àìóäàðüå ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà«êîíåö çèìû». Õàðàêòåðíî, ÷òî îêòÿáðüñêàÿ âñòðå÷à

îòíîñèòñÿ ê ñåâåðî-âîñòîêó ðåãèîíà, ê îêðåñòíîñòÿìÀëìàòû, à àïðåëüñêàÿ – ê þãî-çàïàäó, â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Êî-ïåòäàãà. Âîîáùå, ïðåîáëàäàíèå âñòðå÷ áåëûõ ñîâ âÑðåäíåé Àçèè âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå çèìû ãîâîðèò îïîñòåïåííîé îòêî÷¸âêå ýòîãî âèäà ê þãó èç áîëåå ñå-âåðíûõ, òðàäèöèîííûõ ìåñò çèìíåãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ. Íà-ìå÷àþòñÿ äâà íàïðàâëåíèÿ ìèãðàöèé – âäîëü ïîäíî-æèé Òÿíü-Øàíÿ ñ ñåâåðî-âîñòîêà íà þãî-çàïàä è âçàïàäíîé ïîëîâèíå Êàçàõñòàíà è Ñðåäíåé Àçèè äî âî-ñòî÷íîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Êàñïèÿ. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâó-þò âñòðå÷è áåëûõ ñîâ â ñîáñòâåííî ïóñòûííîé çîíå,÷òî, âîçìîæíî, ñâÿçàíî ñ îòíîñèòåëüíî âûñîêîé ÷èñ-ëåííîñòüþ çäåñü áîëåå «ñèëüíîãî» ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo).Çèìíèå íàõîäêè áåëûõ ñîâ â Ñðåäíåé Àçèè ïðèóðî-÷åíû èëè ê äîëèíàì êðóïíûõ ðåê (Èëè, Ñûðäàðüÿ,Àìóäàðüÿ), èëè ê åñòåñòâåííûì ïðåãðàäàì ïðè èõ äâè-æåíèè ê þãó – ê ñåâåðíûì ïîäíîæüÿì ãîðíûõ õðåá-òîâ Òÿíü-Øàíÿ (Àëìàòû, Áèøêåê, Ñàðûàãà÷) è Êîïåòäà-ãà (Àðòûê), èëè ê ìîðñêîìó ïîáåðåæüþ Êàñïèÿ(Ôîðò-Øåâ÷åíêî, Êðàñíîâîäñê, ×èêèøëÿð, þãî-âîñ-òî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü Êàñïèéñêîãî ìîðÿ).


Áîãäàíîâ Î.Ï. Ôàóíà Óçáåêñêîé ÑÑÐ. Çåìíîâîäíûå è ïðå-ñìûêàþùèåñÿ – Òàøêåíò. Ò. 1. 1960. 260 ñ.

Ãàâðèí Â.Ô. Îòðÿä Ñîâû Striges. – Ïòèöû Êàçàõñòàíà. Àëìà-Àòà. 1962. Ò. 2. Ñ. 708–779.

Ãëàäêîâ Í.À., Çàëåòàåâ. Î ôàóíå ïòèö Ìàíãûøëàêà è Ìàíãè-ñòàóñêèõ îñòðîâîâ. – Òðóäû èí-òà áèîëîãèè ÀÍ ÒóðêìåíñêîéÑÑÐ. Àøõàáàä. Ò. 4. 1956. Ñ. 120–164.

Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Äíåâíûå õèùíûå ïòèöû. Ñîâû. – Ïîëíûé îï-ðåäåëèòåëü ïòèö ÑÑÑÐ. Ì.-Ë. Ò.3. 1936. Ñ. 42–129.

Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Îòðÿä ñîâû. Striges. – Ïòèöû Ñîâåòñêîãî Ñî-þçà. Ò. 1. 1951. Ñ. 342–429.

Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Ïòèöû Òóðêìåíèñòàíà. Àøõàáàä. 1952. 546 ñ.Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï., Äåìåíòüåâ Ä.Ï. Ìàòåðèàëû ê ïîçíàíèþ îð-

íèòîëîãè÷åñêîé ôàóíû Êèðãèçèè. – Òðóäû Êèðãèçñêîãî í.-è.èí-òà êðàåâåäåíèÿ. Ôðóíçå. Ò. 1. 1930. Ñ. 1–48.

Çàðóäíûé Í.À. Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ôàóíà Çàêàñïèéñêîãî êðàÿ– Ìàòåðèàëû ê ïîçíàíèþ ôàóíû è ôëîðû Ðîññ. Èìïåðèè. Îòä.çîîë. Âûï. 2. 1896. Ñ. 1–555.

Èâàíîâ À.È. Îòðÿä Ñîâû. Strigiformes. – Ïòèöû ÑÑÑÐ. Ò. 2.1953. Ñ. 261–286.

Êàðàâàåâ À.À., Áåëîóñîâ Å.Ì. Íîâûå äàííûå î ïòèöàõ Òóðê-ìåíñêîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Êàñïèÿ. – 7 Âñåñîþçíàÿ Îðíèòîë. êîíô.,òåç. äîêë. (×åðêàññû, 27–30.09.1977 ã.). ×. 1. Êèåâ. 1977. Ñ. 65.

Ìîñêàë¸â À.Ã. Î çèìîâêàõ áåëîé ñîâû â Êóðãàëüäæèíñêîìçàïîâåäíèêå. – Îðíèòîëîãèÿ â ÑÑÑÐ. Êí. 2. Ìàòåð. (Òåç.) 5 Âñå-ñîþçíîé îðíèòîë. êîíô. Àøõàáàä. 1969. Ñ. 427–429.

Ïóêèíñêèé Þ.Á. Ðîä Nyctea Stephans. Áåëàÿ ñîâà. – ÏòèöûÐîññèè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ ðåãèîíîâ. Ðÿáêîîáðàçíûå. Ãîëóáåîá-ðàçíûå. Êóêóøêîîáðàçíûå. Ñîâîîáðàçíûå. Ìîñêâà: Íàóêà.1993. Ñ. 258–270.

Ðóñòàìîâ Ý.À. Çàë¸ò áåëîé ñîâû â Òóðêìåíèþ. – ÈçâåñòèÿÀÍ ÒóðêìÑÑÐ. ¹ 4. 1977. Ñ. 86.

Ñàãèòîâ À.Ê. Îòðÿä ñîâîîáðàçíûå. Strigiformes. – Ïòèöû Óç-áåêèñòàíà. Òàøêåíò. Ò. 2. 1990. Ñ. 225–243.

Øåâ÷åíêî Â.Ë. Áåëàÿ ñîâà â Ñåâåðíîì Ïðèêàñïèè. – Ðåäêèå,èñ÷åçàþùèå è ìàëîèçó÷åííûå ïòèöû ÑÑÑÐ. Ìîñêâà. 1986. 36 ñ.

Øíèòíèêîâ Â.Í. Ïòèöû Ñåìèðå÷üÿ. Ì.-Ë. 1949. 666 ñ.Loudon H. Meine dritte Reise nach Zentral-Asien nnd ihre

ornitologische Ausbeute – Journal fur Ornitholgie. 1910. P. 1–90.Sarudny N. Verzeichnis der Vogel Persiens – Journal fur

Ornithologie. Jg. 59. 1911. P. 185–214.


Ââåäåíèå

Çà ïîïóëÿöèÿìè ñàïñàíà (Falco peregri-nus) â ÑØÀ âåä¸òñÿ òùàòåëüíîå íàáëþäå-íèå ñî âðåìåí Âòîðîé ìèðîâîé âîéíû. Âðåçóëüòàòå áåñêîíòðîëüíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿÄÄÒ ñàïñàí ïîëíîñòüþ èñ÷åç êàê ãíåçäÿ-ùèéñÿ âèä íà âîñòîêå ÑØÀ ê êîíöó 60-õ ãã.(Berger et al. 1969; Fyfe et al. 1976). Ïîñ-ëåäíåå íàáëþäåíèå ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñàïñàíîâäàòèðóåòñÿ 1970 ã. íà Ãîðå Ïèñãàõ â Âåð-ìîíòå (Spofford 1975). Â 1975 ã. Ôîíä Ñàï-ñàíà íà÷àë ðåàëèçàöèþ ïðîãðàììû ïî èñ-êóññòâåííîìó ðàçâåäåíèþ ñàïñàíà â íåâîëåè âûïóñêó â ïðèðîäó (Barclay 1988). Áëà-ãîäàðÿ ýòîé ðàáîòå íà âîñòîêå ÑØÀ ñàï-ñàí áûë óñïåøíî âîññòàíîâëåí.

Â òå÷åíèå 1982–87 ãã. â 3-õ ìåñòàõ øòà-òà Âåðìîíò áûëè âûïóùåíû 93 ìîëîäûõïòèöû. Â 1984 ã., âïåðâûå ïîñëå ñïàäà ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè, ïåðâàÿ òåððèòîðèàëüíàÿ ïàðàñàïñàíîâ çàíÿëà ñêàëû ãîðû Ïèñãàõ, à âñëåäóþùåì ãîäó óñïåøíî âûâåëà ïîòîì-ñòâî. Ñ òåõ ïîð ïîïóëÿöèÿ ñàïñàíà â Âåð-ìîíòå íåóêëîííî ðàñò¸ò. Ñõîäíûå òåíäåí-öèè íàáëþäàþòñÿ íà áîëüøèíñòâå äðóãèõòåððèòîðèé â âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè ÑØÀ.

Â ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîì ðåãèîíå âîññòàíîâ-ëåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà åãî ïîïóëÿöèÿïðåâûñèëà çàïëàíèðîâàííûå ïîêàçàòåëè â

National�Wildlife�Federation’s�Vermont�(USA)�Peregrine�Falcon

Recovery�Program:�Results�of�Research�in�2005

НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ�ПРОГРАММА�ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯСОКОЛА-САПСАНА�В�ШТАТЕ�ВЕРМОНТ�(США):РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ�ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ�2005�Г.

M.�Fowle,�K.�Wohlfort,�S.�Faccio,�and�D.�Blodgett�(Vermont,�USA)

M.�Фо$ли,�К.�Вольфорт,�С.�Фассио,�Д.�Блад/етт�(штат�Вермонт,�США)

Introduction

Peregrine Falcon populations have beenclosely monitored since the post World WarII pesticide-induced decline. Due to the in-discriminate use of DDT, the peregrine wasextirpated as an eastern breeding speciesby the mid- to late 1960s (Berger et al. 1969;Fyfe et al. 1976). In 1970 the last observa-tion of a wild adult at a northeastern nestingcliff occurred at Vermont’s Mount Pisgah(Spofford 1975). The Peregrine Fund, Inc.initiated an intensive captive breeding andrelease (hacking) program in 1975 and suc-cessfully reestablished the peregrine to theeastern United States (Barclay 1988). In Ver-mont, 93 young birds were released at 3hack sites from 1982–87. In 1984, a territo-rial falcon pair reoccupied the cliffs of MountPisgah and returned the following year tonest successfully. Vermont’s breeding pop-ulation has since increased steadily, paral-leling similar trends throughout much of theeastern U. S.

The population in the Northeast RecoveryRegion reached and surpassed its originalfederal recovery goals of 20–25 naturallybreeding pairs, and the Peregrine Falcon wasremoved from the federal list of endangeredand threatened species in 1999. PeregrineFalcons were proposed to be removed fromthe state list of endangered and threatenedspecies in 2003 and were delisted in thespring of 2005. The Vermont Institute ofNatural Science (VINS) and the Vermont Fishand Wildlife Department (VFWD) have close-ly monitored this species’ recovery sinceMount Pisgah’s reoccupancy, and the Na-tional Wildlife Federation (NWF) joined theproject in 1999. The Nongame and NaturalHeritage Program (NNHP) within the VFWDcoordinates activities and sets expectationsfor the project.

Contact:

Margaret R. FowleRaptor RecoveryProgram ManagerKathleen A. WohlfortAssociate WildlifeBiologist NationalWildlife FederationNortheast NaturalResource Center58 State Str.,MontpelierVT 05602 USAtel.: 802 229 06 [email protected]

Steven D. FaccioSenior Staff BiologistConservation BiologyDepartmentVermont Instituteof Natural Science2723 Church Hill Rd.WoodstockVT 05091–9773 USAtel.: 802 457 27 79xt.123

Douglas W. BlodgettBiologistVermont Fish andWildlife Department271 N. Main Str., #215Rutland VT 05701 USAtel.: 802 786 38 61

Ïòåíöû ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) â ãíåçäå. Îç. Êðè-ñòàë, 2005 ã. Ôîòî Ñ. Ôàññèî

The nestlings of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)in nest. Crystal Lake, 2005. Photo by S. Faccio


20–25 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð, è â 1999 ã. ñàïñàíáûë èñêëþ÷¸í èç ôåäåðàëüíîãî ñïèñêà óã-ðîæàåìûõ âèäîâ. Ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ ïîïóëÿ-öèè â 2003 ã. îæèäàëîñü, ÷òî ñàïñàí áóäåòòàêæå èñêëþ÷¸í èç ñïèñêà óãðîæàåìûõâèäîâ øòàòà Âåðìîíò, è âåñíîé 2005 ã. ýòîïðîèçîøëî. Âåðìîíòñêèé èíñòèòóò åñòå-ñòâåííûõ íàóê (VINS) è Ñëóæáà ðûáû èäè÷è øòàòà Âåðìîíò (VFWD), ïîñòîÿííîêîíòðîëèðóþùèå âîññòàíîâëåíèå ÷èñëåí-íîñòè ñàïñàíà ñ ìîìåíòà ïîÿâëåíèÿ ïàðûíà ãîðå Ïèñãàõ, â 1999 ã. îáúåäèíèëè óñè-ëèÿ ïî ðåàëèçàöèè Ïðîãðàììû ïðèðîäíî-ãî íàñëåäèÿ (NNHP) ñ Íàöèîíàëüíîé Ôå-äåðàöèåé Äèêèõ Æèâîòíûõ (NWF).

Methods

To determine the breeding chronology andstatus of territorial Peregrine Falcon pairs inVermont, occupied cliffs throughout the statewere monitored from early April throughlate July. Monitoring equipment includedbinoculars and spotting scopes equippedwith 20–60 power zoom eyepieces. Obser-vation distances varied depending on theproximity of cliffs to natural or created open-ings (i.e., roads, fields, water bodies, talusslopes) and sensitivity of the falcons to ob-server presence.

Staff from NWF, VINS and VFWD, and var-ious volunteers monitored most occupiedterritories on a bi-monthly basis. All court-ship and breeding behaviors were recordedand interpreted during each visit. At eachsite, we attempted to determine eyrie loca-tion, onset of incubation, hatching and fledg-ing dates, and number and sex (when pos-sible) of young fledged. Banding of nestlingsoccurred at 3–4 weeks of age, and was co-ordinated by VINS and NWF. A technical rockclimber assisted at most sites, and chickswere banded by S. Faccio. We attempted todetermine the banded status of all territorialadults and to read alphanumeric bands whenpossible. A standardized data form was usedto record peregrine activity at each moni-tored site.

Results

Thirty-two Peregrine Falcon territories werelocated in Vermont in 2005 (fig. 1).

Twenty-six pairs reoccupied the 28 sitesused in 2004. Three new pairs were record-ed. Pairs reoccupied 2 nests, which were lastused in 2003, and a nest, which was lastoccupied in 2002. Twenty-three successfulpairs fledged 61 young (fig. 2), 17 (28%) ofwhich were banded. In 2005, the totalnumber of territorial pairs in the NortheastRecovery Region, which includes Vermont,Maine, New Hampshire, and the AdirondackRegion of New York, increased from 79 pairsin 2004 to 86 in 2005 (table 1). Territorialpairs increased by 4 in Vermont and 7 in theAdirondack Region of New York, and de-creased by 3 in New Hampshire and 1 inMaine. After decreasing for 4 years in a row,the number of fledglings in the region sur-passed its 2001 record of 115 and reacheda new record of 139 in 2005. With 139 fledg-lings and 86 territorial pairs in 2004, theaverage productivity for the region increasedfrom 1.18 fledglings per territorial pair in

Ìåòîäû

Â öåëÿõ îïðåäåëåíèÿ âðåìåíè ãíåçäîâà-íèÿ è ñòàòóñà òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ ïàð ñàïñà-íà â Âåðìîíòå, â ðàéîíå ñêàëüíûõ îáíà-æåíèé, íàñåëÿåìûõ ñîêîëàìè, ïðîâîäèëñÿìîíèòîðèíã ñ íà÷àëà àïðåëÿ ïî êîíåöèþëÿ. Â õîäå íàáëþäåíèé èñïîëüçîâàëèñüáèíîêëè è çðèòåëüíûå òðóáû 20–60õ. Ðàñ-ñòîÿíèå îò òî÷åê íàáëþäåíèé äî ãí¸çä ñàï-ñàíà âàðüèðîâàëî â çàâèñèìîñòè îò áëèçî-ñòè ñêàë ê åñòåñòâåííûì èëè èñêóññòâåííûìîòêðûòûì ó÷àñòêàì (äîðîãè, ïîëÿ, âîäî¸ìû,îòêðûòûå ñêëîíû) è ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè ñî-êîëîâ ê ïðèñóòñòâèþ íàáëþäàòåëåé. Âîëîí-ò¸ðû ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì ñîòðóäíèêîâ îðãà-íèçàöèé, êóðèðóþùèõ ïðîåêò, äâàæäû âìåñÿö ïðîâåðÿëè áîëüøèíñòâî ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ. Â õîäå êàæäîãî ïîñå-ùåíèÿ îïèñûâàëèñü è èíòåðïðåòèðîâàëèñü

Ðèñ. 1. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus)â Âåðìîíòå â 2005 ã.

Fig. 1. Distribution on Per-egrine Falcon (Falco per-egrinus) in Vermont, 2005


2004 (Fowle et al. 2004) to 1.62 fledglingsper territorial pair in 2005.

Literature cited

Barclay J.H. Peregrine restoration in the easternUnited States. – Peregrine Falcon populations: theirmanagement and recovery / T. J. Cade, J. H. End-erson, C. G. Thelander, and C. M. White (eds.). ThePeregrine Fund Inc., Boise, ID. 1988. P. 549–557.

Berger D.D., Sindelar C.R. and Gamble K.E. Thestatus of the breeding peregrines of the easternUnited States. – Peregrine Falcon populations:their biology and decline / J. J. Hickey (ed.). Uni-versity of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. 1969.P. 165–173.

Fowle M.R., Faccio S.D. and Blodgett D.W. The2004 breeding status and population dynamics ofPeregrine Falcons in Vermont. Unpublished report,National Wildlife Federation, Montpelier, VT. 2004.

Fyfe R.W., Temple S.A. and Cade T.J. The 1975North American Peregrine Falcon survey. TheCanadian Field-Naturalist. 1976. 90. P. 228–273.

Spofford W.R. 1975. Eyries inventory and as-sessment. Unpublished manuscript.

îñîáåííîñòè ïîâåäåíèÿ ïòèö âãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä. Íà êàæäîìãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå îïðåäåëÿ-ëèñü ñðîêè íà÷àëà ñïàðèâàíèÿ,èíêóáàöèè êëàäêè, âûëóïëåíèÿè âûëåòà ïòåíöîâ. Ïî âîçìîæ-íîñòè îïðåäåëÿëèñü êîëè÷åñòâîè ïîë ñë¸òêîâ. Ìå÷åíèå ïòåíöîâîñóùåñòâëÿëîñü â âîçðàñòå 3–4íåäåëü è êîîðäèíèðîâàëîñüñïåöèàëèñòàìè. Â áîëüøèíñòâåñëó÷àåâ â ðàáîòå ïîìîãàëè ïðî-ôåññèîíàëüíûå àëüïèíèñòû, à ñïòåíöàìè ðàáîòàë Ñ. Ôàññèî.Ïî âîçìîæíîñòè îïðåäåëÿëèñüíîìåðà ìåòîê âçðîñëûõ òåððè-òîðèàëüíûõ ïòèö. Äëÿ ðåãèñòðà-öèè àêòèâíîñòè ñîêîëîâ íà êàæ-äîì îáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñòêåèñïîëüçîâàëàñü ñòàíäàðòèçîâàí-íàÿ ôîðìà äàííûõ.

Ðåçóëüòàòû

Â 2005 ã. â Âåðìîíòå ëîêàëèçîâàíî 32ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñàïñàíîâ (ðèñ. 1).

Äâàäöàòü øåñòü ïàð çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû íà28 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ, èñïîëüçîâàâøèõñÿñîêîëàìè â 2004 ã. Â 2005 ã. ïîÿâèëèñü 3íîâûå ïàðû, è 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà, ïîñëå-äíèé ðàç çàíèìàâøèåñÿ â 2002–2003 ãã.,òàêæå áûëè çàíÿòû ñîêîëàìè. Äâàäöàòü òðèïàðû óñïåøíî âûâåëè 61 ñë¸òêà (ðèñ. 2),17 (28%) èç êîòîðûõ áûëè ïîìå÷åíû.

Â 2005 ã. îáùåå ÷èñëî òåððèòîðèàëüíûõïàð â ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîì ðåãèîíå, ãäå îñó-ùåñòâëÿëîñü âîññòàíîâëåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòèñàïñàíà, êîòîðûé âêëþ÷àåò øòàòû Âåðìîíò,Ìýí, Íüþ-Ãýìïøèð è ãîðû Àäèðîíäàê âøòàòå Íüþ-Éîðê, óâåëè÷èëîñü ñ 79 ïàð â2004 ã. äî 86 ïàð â 2005 ã. (òàáë. 1). Êîëè-÷åñòâî òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ ïàð óâåëè÷èëîñü íà4 â Âåðìîíòå, 7 ïàð – â ãîðàõ Àäèðîíäàê èóìåíüøèëîñü íà 3 – â Íüþ-Ãýìïøèðå è íà1 ïàðó – â øòàòå Ìýí. Çà ïîñëåäíèå 4 ãîäàêîëè÷åñòâî ñë¸òêîâ â ðåãèîíå óâåëè÷èëîñüñ 115 â 2001 ã. äî 139 â 2005 ã. Ñðåäíÿÿïðîäóêòèâíîñòü â ðåãèîíå óâåëè÷èëàñü ñ 1,18ñë¸òêîâ íà ïàðó â 2004 ã. (Fowle et al. 2004)äî 1,62 ñë¸òêà íà ïàðó – â 2005 ã.

Ðèñ. 2. Êîëè÷åñòâî ïàð è ñë¸òêîâ ñàïñàíîâ â øòàòå Âåðìîíò â1984–2005 ãã.

Fig. 2. Number of Peregrine Falcon pairs and fledglings in Vermont,1984–2005

Òàáë. 1. Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ñàïñàíà (Falcoperegrinus) â ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîì ðåãèîíå âîññòàíîâ-ëåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè â 2005 ã.

Table 1. Summary of Peregrine Falcon (Falco per-egrinus) nesting results in the Northeast RecoveryRegion, 2005

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2006, 566

Ðûáíûé ôèëèí (Ketupa blakistoni) íà ïðî-òÿæåíèè ïîñëåäíèõ 10 ëåò ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðåä-ìåòîì ñïåöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ëàáîðà-òîðèè îðíèòîëîãèè Áèîëîãî-ïî÷âåííîãîèíñòèòóòà ÄÂÎ ÐÀÍ è ÎÎ «Àìóðî-Óññó-ðèéñêèé öåíòð áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ïòèö».Ëåòîì 2005 ã. â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà ÂÂÔ ïîâûäåëåíèþ îñîáî-çàùèòíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñàâ Ïðèìîðñêîì êðàå áûëî ïðåäïðèíÿòîêðàòêîâðåìåííîå îáñëåäîâàíèå áàññåéíàð. Ñàìàðãà – ïîñëåäíåãî «áåëîãî ïÿòíà» âïðèìîðñêîé ÷àñòè àðåàëà âèäà.

Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ î ñî-ñòîÿíèè ðûáíîãî ôèëèíà â áàññåéíå ýòîéðåêè áûëè ïîëó÷åíû â õîäå ïðåäûäóùèõðàáîò. Â 1998 ã. äàííàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ, íà-ðÿäó ñ äðóãèìè ðàéîíàìè Ïðèìîðüÿ è þãàÕàáàðîâñêîãî êðàÿ, áûëà îõâà÷åíà ïî÷òî-âûì àíêåòèðîâàíèåì. Â ìàðòå 2002 ã. áûëîñóùåñòâëåí ïðÿìîé îïðîñ îõîòíèêîâ, èïðåäïðèíÿòî ðåêîãíîñöèðîâî÷íîå îáñëå-äîâàíèå ïîéìû ñðåäíåãî òå÷åíèÿ îò óñòüÿð. Á. Ñîõàòêà äî ð. Èññèìè. Â 2005 ã. áûëïðîèçâåä¸í äîïîëíèòåëüíûé îïðîñ ïî

Short�Report�on�the�Research�of�the�Blakiston’s�Fish�Owl�in�the

Samarga�River�Valley�in�2005

ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ�РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ�ИЗУЧЕНИЯ�РЫБНОГОФИЛИНА�В�БАССЕЙНЕ�Р.�САМАРГА�В�2005�Г.

Surmach�S.G.�(Institute�of�Biology�and�Pedology,�the�Far�Eastern�Branch�of�the

Russian�Academy�of�Science,�Vladivostok,�Russia)

С$рмач�С.Г.�(Биоло/о-почвенный�инстит$т�ДВО�РАН,�Владивосто�,�Россия)

Short�reports

КРАТКИЕ� СООБЩЕНИЯ

Under the project of WWF for verification offorest protected areas in the Primorskiy Kraytwo field teams of researches from the In-stitute of Biology and Pedology, the Far East-ern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sci-ence and NGO «Amuro-Ussurian birdsDiversity Center» carried out the surveys ofthe Samarge river valley in 2005. The firstteam consisted of S.G. Surmach and A.V.Ryzhov worked since 14 to 30 June in thelow and middle part of the river up to themouth of the Puhi river. The second team(A.V. Avdeyuk, V.S. Sotnikov, S.A. Akulinkin)worked during 17–30 June in the low partof the river up to Unty village.

The population of the Blakiston’s Fish Owl(Ketupa blakistoni) found on the Samargariver valley is the one of the largest popula-tions inhabited the Sihote-Alin Mountainsand may be – the world. Ten breeding are-as were found and 7 areas are projected(probability of which is very high). The max-imum of 39 breeding pairs are projected forthe Samarga river valley.

Êîíòàêò:

Ñåðãåé Ñóðìà÷Áèîëîãî-ïî÷âåííûéèíñòèòóò ÄÂÎ ÐÀÍ690022 Âëàäèâîñòîêïð. 100-ëåòèÿ Âëàäèâî-ñòîêà, 159 ÁÏÈ ÄÂÎÐÀÍòåë.: +7 (4232) 26 70 [email protected]

Contact:

Sergey SurmachInstitute of Biology andPedologyThe Far Eastern Branch of the RussianAcademy of ScienceProspect 100-letiyaVladivostoka, 159Vladivostok Russia690022tel.: +7 (4232) 26 70 [email protected]

Ðèñ. 1. Ïðåäïîëàãàåìàÿ ñõåìà ðàçìåùåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ ðûáíîãî ôèëèíà (Ketupa blakistoni) â áàññåéíå ð. Ñàìàðãà:I – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûå íàõîäêîé æèëûõãí¸çä èëè âûâîäêîâ;II – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, íà êîòîðûõ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû ïòèöû,ñëåäû èõ ïðåáûâàíèÿ èëè âûÿâëåíî ðåãóëÿðíîå îáèòàíèåâèäà â õîäå îïðîñà è àíêåòèðîâàíèÿ ìåñòíîãî íàñåëåíèÿ;III – âåðîÿòíûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, íà êîòîðûõ âûÿâëåíû îä-íîêðàòíûå âñòðå÷è ïòèö â õîäå îïðîñà;IV – âîçìîæíûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, ëîêàëèçîâàííûå äèñòàí-öèîííûìè ìåòîäàìè.

Fig. 1. Locations of the projected breeding areas of the Blakis-ton’s Fish Owl (Ketupa blakistoni) in the Samarga river valley:I –breeding areas where active nests or broods were recorded;II – breeding areas where adult birds or its signs of activitywere recorded or regular activity of birds were made knownduring the conducting of Gallup polls and questionnaires;III – probable breeding areas where the single notes of birdswere made known during the conducting of Gallup polls andquestionnaires;IV – projected breeding areas verified by GIS-method

Short reports Raptors Conservation 2006, 5 67

áîëüøåé ÷àñòè áàññåéíà Ñà-ìàðãè. Íå óäàëîñü ñîáðàòüîïðîñíûå ñâåäåíèÿ ëèøü äëÿîäíîé ÷åòâåðòè ïîòåíöèàëü-íûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé âèäà:âåðõíåãî îòäåëà ð. Äàãäû,ñðåäíåãî è âåðõíåãî òå÷å-íèÿ ð. Ïóõè è âñåé äîëèíûð. Èññèìè.

Ïîëåâîå îáñëåäîâàíèåâûïîëíÿëîñü äâóìÿ íåçàâèñèìî ðàáîòà-þùèìè ãðóïïàìè. Ïåðâàÿ, â ñîñòàâå Ñ.Ã.Ñóðìà÷à è À.Â. Ðûæîâà, ðàáîòàëà ñ 14ïî 30 èþíÿ â íèæíåì è ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèèââåðõ äî óñòüÿ ïðèòîêà Ïóõè (îáùàÿ ïðî-òÿæåííîñòü îêîëî 150 êì), âòîðàÿ – À.Â.Àâäåþê, Â.Ñ. Ñîòíèêîâ, Ñ.À. Àêóëèíêèí –ñ 17 ïî 30 èþíÿ â íèæíåì òå÷åíèè Ñàìàð-ãè, ââåðõ äî ïîñ. Óíòû, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îò-ðåçêà – îêîëî 30 êì. Îñíîâíàÿ ìåòîäèêà –âûÿâëåíèå ïòèö ïî ãîëîñàì â ïåðâîé ïî-ëîâèíå íî÷è. Îáùåå ÷èñëî ïðîñëóøèâàíèéñîñòàâèëî îêîëî 70 ÷åëîâåêî-íî÷åé. Äíåâ-íûå îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ñâîäèëèñü, ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî, ê îñìîòðó ïåñ÷àíî-ãàëå÷íèêîâûõêîñ è ãðÿçåâûõ îòìåëåé â ïîòåíöèàëüíûõîõîòíè÷üèõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Ëþáîå äîñòîâåðíîå

Registrations�of�the�Golden�Eagle�in�pine

forests�in�the�Northeast�of�Kazakhstan

ВСТРЕЧИ�БЕРКУТА�В�БОРАХНА�СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКЕ�КАЗАХСТАНА

Askar�Isabekov

Ас�ар�Исабе�ов

ñâèäåòåëüñòâî ïðèñóòñòâèÿ ïòèö (âèçóàëü-íî, ïî ãîëîñó, ëèííûì ïåðüÿì èëè îòïå-÷àòêàì ëàï) ñëóæèëî îñíîâàíèåì äëÿ îò-íåñåíèÿ äàííîãî ìåñòà ê óñëîâíîìóãíåçäîâîìó ó÷àñòêó. Ìåñòà ïîäîáíûõ ðå-ãèñòðàöèé, îòñòîÿùèå äðóã îò äðóãà íà 3 èáîëåå êèëîìåòðîâ, âîñïðèíèìàëèñü êàêðàçíûå ó÷àñòêè. Óñèëèÿ ïî âûÿñíåíèþãíåçäîâîãî ñòàòóñà îáíàðóæåííûõ ïòèö(ñïåöèàëüíûå ïîèñêè ãí¸çä èëè ñë¸òêîâ,îïðåäåëåíèå ãðàíèö ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà èäð.) çà íåäîñòàòêîì âðåìåíè ïðåäïðèíè-ìàëèñü òîëüêî â íèæíåì òå÷åíèè ðåêè.

Ñàìàðãèíñêàÿ ïîïóëÿöèÿ ðûáíîãî ôè-ëèíà ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî îöåíèâàåòñÿ êàêîäíà èç âàæíåéøèõ â Ñèõîòå-Àëèíå, âîç-ìîæíî – â ìèðå. Äîñòîâåðíî âûÿâëåíî10 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, ñ âûñîêîé äîëåéâåðîÿòíîñòè îæèäàåòñÿ ñóùåñòâîâàíèååù¸ 7. Äëÿ 3 ïàð äîêàçàíî óñïåøíîåãíåçäîâàíèå â òåêóùåì ñåçîíå. Ïîòåíöè-àëüíàÿ ¸ìêîñòü ìåñòîîáèòàíèé âèäà âáàññåéíå Ñàìàðãè ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî (ýêñ-ïåðòíî è ïîñðåäñòâîì äèñòàíöèîííîãîâûäåëåíèÿ) îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 39 ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêîâ – ýòî ìàêñèìàëüíî âîçìîæíûéðàçìåð ìåñòíîé ïîïóëÿöèè.

Two Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) ob-served near highway Semipalatinsk – Pav-lodar near a pine forest in the Beskaragayregion of the East-Kazakhstan district in 8February 2005 (N 51.03 E 79.28).

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos) ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèìèç ñàìûõ ðåäêèõ îðëîâ â Èðòûøñêèõ áî-ðàõ (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005), ïîýòîìó åãîâñòðå÷è íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ïðåäñòàâ-ëÿþò îïðåäåë¸ííûé èíòåðåñ. Äâà âçðîñëûõáåðêóòà â êèëîìåòðå äðóã îò äðóãà áûëèâñòðå÷åíû 8 ôåâðàëÿ 2005 ã. áëèç òðàññûÑåìèïàëàòèíñê – Ïàâëîäàð ìåæäó íàñå-ë¸ííûìè ïóíêòàìè Ñåìåíîâêà è Á. Âëàäè-ìèðîâêà, ïîáëèçîñòè îò íàèáîëåå êðóïíî-ãî áîðîâîãî ìàññèâà â ïðàâîáåðåæüåÈðòûøà (N 51,03 E 79,28).


Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Áàðàáàøèí Ò.Î., Ëåâèí À.Ñ.,Êàðïîâ Ô.Ô. Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé 2005 ã.â ñòåïíûõ áîðàõ íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêå Êàçàõñòà-íà. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005.¹ 4. Ñ. 34–43.

Ïòåíåö ðûáíîãî ôèëèíà(Ketupa blakistoni) â ãíåç-äå. Ôîòî À. Ðûæîâà

The chick of the Blakis-ton’s Fish Owl (Ketupablakistoni) in the nest.Photo by A. Ryzhov

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos). Áåñêàðàãàéñêèé ðàéîí,Âîñòî÷íî-Êàçàõñòàíñêàÿ îáëàñòü. 8 ôåâðàëÿ 2006 ã.Ôîòî À. Èñàáåêîâà

The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). Beskaragay re-gion, East-Kazakhstan district. 8 February 2006. Photoby A. Isabekov

Êîíòàêò:

Àñêàð Èñàáåêîâ[email protected]

Contact:

Askar [email protected]

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìûÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2006, 568

«Áåëîïëå÷èé îðëàí»

íîâûé äèíàìè÷íûé äîêóìåíòàëüíûéôèëüì, ñíÿòûé ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûìè ó÷¸-íûìè ïðî ñâîþ ðàáîòó. Ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûéäëÿ øèðîêîé àóäèòîðèè ëþáèòåëåé äèêîéïðèðîäû, ôèëüì çíàêîìèò ñ äèêèìè óãîë-êàìè Ñåâåðî-Âîñòîêà Ðîññèè, ãäå òàéãàâñòðå÷àåòñÿ ñ ìîðåì. Çäåñü, íà ïîáåðåæüåÎõîòñêîãî ìîðÿ, âû óâèäèòå æèçíü õîòü èíåáîëüøîé, íî áåññòðàøíîé èññëåäîâà-

òåëüñêîé ãðóïïû, âåäóùåéíàáëþäåíèÿ çà áåëîïëå÷èìîðëàíîì – ñàìûì áîëüøèì èñàìûì çðåëèùíûì îðëîììèðà. Ðåæèññåð – Å. Ïîòà-ïîâ. DVD íà äâóõ ÿçûêàõ(ðóññêîì è àíãëèéñêîì), âû-ïóùåí â äâóõ âåðñèÿõ PAL èNTSC. Êîíòàêò (5).

«The Steller’s Sea Eagle»

a new dynamic video filmed by profession-al scientists. The documentary, produced fora wide audience of wildlife lovers, takes youto the wildest places of Siberia, where thetaiga meets the sea. Here, at the northerncoasts of the Sea of Okhotsk you will see asmall, but brave research group studying theSteller’s Sea Eagle, arguably the largest anddefinitely the most spectacular eagle in theworld. Producer: E. Potapov. Bi-lingual (Eng-lish and Russian) DVD available for NTSC orPAL systems. Contact (5).

New� Publications� and� Videos

НОВЫЕ�ПУБЛИКАЦИИ�И�ФИЛЬМЫFilms

ФИЛЬМЫ

Books

КНИГИ

Íîâîå ðóêîâîäñòâî. Ïðåñòóïëåíèÿ ïðî-òèâ äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ: Ñïðàâî÷íèê ïîèñïîëüçîâàíèþ ñóäåáíîé ïðàêòèêè èñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ ïîäõîäîâ â ðàññëåäî-âàíèè ïðåñòóïëåíèé ïðîòèâ äèêèõ æè-âîòíûõ8.

Â ýòîé êíèãå, ïîñëåäíåé â ñåðèè «Ïðå-ñòóïëåíèÿ ïðîòèâ äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ», îïóá-ëèêîâàííîé äåïàðòàìåíòîì ïî äåëàì îõ-ðàíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, ïèùåâîéïðîìûøëåííîñòè è ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâàÂåëèêîáðèòàíèè è Ñåâåðíîé Èðëàíäèè îòèìåíè Ïàðòíåðñòâà ïî ïðåäîòâðàùåíèþïðåñòóïëåíèé ïðîòèâ äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ(PAW), ñîáðàíû ïîäðîáíîñòè èñïîëüçîâà-íèÿ ïîäîáíûõ ìåòîäîâ â ðÿäå ðàññìàòðè-âàåìûõ ñëó÷àåâ. PAW ñïîñîáñòâóåò è ïðî-äâèãàåò èñïîëüçîâàíèå âñåãî ñïåêòðàñòàíäàðòíûõ è íåñòàíäàðòíûõ ìåòîäîâ ðàñ-ñëåäîâàíèÿ. Â ýòîé ïóáëèêàöèè èìååòñÿäîñòàòî÷íî ïîëíûé îáçîð ëèòåðàòóðû ïîäàííîé ïðîáëåìå, à òàêæå ïðèâåäåíûïðàêòè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè. Ïóáëèêàöèÿáóäåò ïîëåçíà ïðè ðåàëèçàöèè ìåðîïðèÿ-òèé ïî áîðüáå ñ ïðåñòóïëåíèÿìè ïðîòèâäèêèõ æèâîòíûõ. Êîíòàêò (6).

New manual «Wildlife Crime: A guideto the use of forensic and specialisttechniques in the investigation of wild-life crime»8.

This book, the latest in the ‘Wildlife Crime’series published by the United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland’s Depart-ment for Environment, Food and Rural Af-fairs on behalf of the Partnership for ActionAgainst Wildlife Crime (PAW), pulls togeth-er details of a range of cases where suchtechniques have been used. PAW encour-ages and promotes the use of a whole rangeof standard and non-standard techniques.This publication provides a central referencesource and a host of practical advice andwill further encourage wildlife enforcers toconsider using these techniques as they goabout their work. Contact (6).

(5) Êîíòàêò:

Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí[email protected]

(5) Contact:

Eugene PotapovFLS Natural ResearchLtd, [email protected]

8 http://www.defra.gov.uk/paw/publications/default.htm

(6) Contact:

PAW SecretariatDepartment forEnvironment, Foodand Rural Affairs – DefraZone 1/14Temple Quay House2 The SquareTemple QuayBristol BS1 6EB UKtel.: +44 117 372 85 [email protected]

New Publications and Videos Raptors Conservation 2006, 5 69

Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Àñòðàõàíñêîé îáëàñòè.Ïîä ðåä. Þ.Ñ. ×óéêîâà. Àñòðàõàíü:Íèæíåâîëæñêèé öåíòð ýêîëîãè÷åñêî-ãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ. 2004. 356 ñ.

Â íå¸ âêëþ÷åíû 18 âèäîâ ñîêîëîîáðàç-íûõ è 1 âèä ñîâîîáðàçíûõ, èç êîòîðûõ 2âèäà èìåþò ðåãèîíàëüíûé ñòàòóñ «âèä, íà-õîäÿùèéñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ» – 1êàòåãîðèÿ: îðëàí-äîëãîõâîñò (Haliaeetusleucoryphus) è áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug); 2âèäà èìåþò ñòàòóñ «âèä, ÷èñëåííîñòü êîòî-ðîãî áûñòðî ñîêðàùàåòñÿ» – 2 êàòåãîðèÿ:÷¸ðíûé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans) è ñòåïíîéîð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis); 10 âèäîâ èìåþòñòàòóñ «ðåäêèé âèä» – 3 êàòåãîðèÿ: ñêîïà(Pandion haliaetus), òåòåðåâÿòíèê (Accipitergentilis), òþâèê (Accipiter brevipes), áîëü-øîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga), ìîãèëüíèê(Aquila heliaca), áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos),ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus), äåðáíèê (Falcocolumbarius), ñòåïíàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falconaumanni), ôèëèí (Bubo bubo); 4 âèäàèìåþò ñòàòóñ «ìàëîèçó÷åííûé âèä, âîç-ìîæíî, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åç-íîâåíèÿ» – 4 êàòåãîðèÿ: ñòåïíîé ëóíü(Circus macrourus), êóðãàííèê (Buteorufinus), çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus), ÷¸ðíûéãðèô (Aegypius monachus) è 1 âèä – îð-ëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla) èìååòñòàòóñ «âèä, ÷èñëåííîñòü êîòîðîãî âîññòà-íàâëèâàåòñÿ» – 5 êàòåãîðèÿ. Êîíòàêò (7).

Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Òðî-ôèìîâà Ò.À., Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ýêîëîãè÷åñ-êàÿ ñåòü Ðåñïóáëèêè Áàøêîðòîñòàí. –Ì.: IUCN, 2005 – 197 ñ. èëë.

Êíèãà ïîñâÿùåíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêå ýêîëî-ãè÷åñêîãî êàðêàñà Ðåñïóáëèêè Áàøêîðòî-ñòàí è ïðåäëîæåíèÿì ïî åãî ñîõðàíåíèþ.

Ðàçðàáîòàíû ïðèíöèïû è êðèòåðèè âû-ÿâëåíèÿ ðåãèîíàëüíîãî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãîêàðêàñà; ðàíæèðîâàíû ïî âûïîëíÿåìûìôóíêöèÿì îñíîâíûå ýëåìåíòû ýêîëîãè÷åñ-êîãî êàðêàñà; ðàçðàáîòàíû ïðèíöèïû îï-òèìèçàöèè òåððèòîðèàëüíîé îõðàíû ïðè-ðîäû. Ïðåäñòàâëåíû êîíêðåòíûåïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî îáîñíîâàíèþ è ñîçäàíèþðåãèîíàëüíîé ñèñòåìû îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðè-ðîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé Áàøêîðòîñòàíà, îöå-íåíà ñòåïåíü çàùèùåííîñòè åñòåñòâåííûõýêîñèñòåì ñóùåñòâóþùèìè ðåçåðâàòàìè.

Â äàííîé ðàáîòå èñïîëüçîâàíà ïðåèìó-ùåñòâåííî îäíà ãðóïïà «êëþ÷åâûõ» âèäîâ– êðóïíûå õèùíûå ïòèöû. Â êà÷åñòâå «êëþ-÷åâûõ» ðàññìàòðèâàëèñü ñëåäóþùèå âèäûïòèö: áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos), ìîãèëüíèê(Aquila heliaca), ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquilanipalensis), áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquilaclanga), îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus

The Red Data Book of the Astrahan Dis-trict. – Edited by Chuykov Y.S. – Nizh-nevolzhskiy Ecological Educating Center,2004. 356 p.

There are 18 species of Falconiformes and1 species of Strigiformes, 2 of these spe-cies have a regional status «critically endan-gered» – 1 category: Pallas’s Fish Eagle(Haliaeetus leucoryphus) and Saker Falcon(Falco cherrug); 2 species have a status«shrinking population» – 2 category: BlackKite (Milvus migrans) and Steppe Eagle (Aq-uila nipalensis); 10 species have a status«rare species» – 3 category: Osprey (Pandi-on haliaetus), Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis),Levant Sparrowhawk (Accipiter brevipes),Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), Impe-rial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Golden Eagle(Aquila chrysaetos), Peregrine Falcon (Falcoperegrinus), Merlin (Falñî columbarius),Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni), Eagle Owl(Bubo bubo); 4 species have a status «notenough researched species, possible endan-gered» – 4 category: Pallid Harrier (Circusmacrourus), Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteorufinus), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus galli-cus), Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus)and White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicil-la) have a status «recovered species» – 5category.

Contact (7).

Pazhenkov A.S., Smelyanskiy I.E., Trofi-mova T.A., Karyakin I.V. Ecological net-work of the Republic of Bashkortostan.M. IUCN, 2005 – 197 p.

This book characterizes the ecologicalnetwork of the Republic of Bashkortostanand also contains recommendations for itsconservation.

The principles and criteria of determiningthe regional ecological network have beendeveloped and described The principles ofoptimizing of the ecological back-bone ec-osystems have been discussed. Some prac-tical recommendations on the motivationand ligitimisation of a regional system ofprotected areas of the Republic of Bashkor-tostan have been presented, and the levelof protection of the natural ecosystems pro-vided by already established protected ar-eas has been estimated.

Only one group of the key species – thelarge birds of prey, has been discussed inthe book. The following species of birdswere considered as «key species»: the Gold-en Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Imperial Ea-gle (Aquila heliaca), Steppe Eagle (Aquilanipalensis), Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila

(7) Êîíòàêò:

Ëþäìèëà Þðüåâíà×óéêîâàËèëèÿ ÇèíãþðîâíàÊóãóøåâàÐîññèÿ Àñòðàõàíüóë. Òóðãåíåâà/Æåëÿáîâà10/14 êâ. 427òåë.: (8512) 22 68 [email protected]

(7) Contact:

Ludmila Y. ChuykovaLilija Z. KugushevaTurgeneva/Zhelyabovastr., 10/14 – 427Astrahan Russiatel.: (8512) 22 68 [email protected]

(8) Êîíòàêò:Àëåêñåé ÏàæåíêîâÖåíòð ñîäåéñòâèÿ«Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîéýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè»443045 Ðîññèÿ Ñàìàðàóë. Ãàãàðèíà 69, êâ. 39òåë.: (9272) 15 39 [email protected]

(8) Alexey PazhenkovThe Volga-Ural ECONET Assistance CenterGagarina str. 69–39Samara Russia 443045tel.: (9272) 15 39 [email protected]

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìûÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2006, 570

albicilla), ñêîïà (Pandion haliaetus), çìååÿä(Circaetus gallicus), êóðãàííèê (Buteorufinus), ñîêîëû áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) èñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus), ôèëèí (Bubobubo). Ýòè âèäû çàíèìàþò ðàçëè÷íûå ìåñ-òîîáèòàíèÿ è èìåþò çíà÷èòåëüíî ðàçëè÷à-þùèåñÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå íèøè.

Äëÿ âñåõ ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ âèäîâ âûÿâëÿ-ëàñü ïðîñòðàíñòâåííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà ïîïóëÿ-öèé, îñíîâàííàÿ íà ðåãèñòðàöèè ðåçèäåí-òíûõ îñîáåé (íà ãíåçäîâàíèè). Êîíòàêò (8).

Ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ Êðàñíîé êíèãè Ðåñïóá-ëèêè Êàëìûêèÿ. Ïîä ðåä. Â.Ì. Ìóðçàå-âà. Ýëèñòà. 2005. 68 ñ. (ISBN 5-230-20197-5)

Â ñïèñîê âêëþ÷åíû 15 âèäîâ ñîêîëîîá-ðàçíûõ è 1 âèä ñîâîîáðàçíûõ, èç êîòîðûõñòåïíàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falco naumanni) èìååòðåãèîíàëüíûé ñòàòóñ «âèä, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ ïîäóãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ» – 1 êàòåãîðèÿ; 6âèäîâ èìåþò ñòàòóñ «âèä ñ ñîêðàùàþùåéñÿ÷èñëåííîñòüþ» – 2 êàòåãîðèÿ: ñòåïíîé ëóíü(Circus macrourus), áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê(Aquila clanga), ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca),áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug), ñàïñàí (Falcoperegrinus), ôèëèí (Bubo bubo); 9 âèäîâèìåþò ñòàòóñ «ðåäêèé âèä» – 3 êàòåãîðèÿ:ñêîïà (Pandion haliaetus), òþâèê (Accipiterbrevipes), êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus), ñòåï-íîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis), áåðêóò (Aqu-ila chrysaetos), îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetusalbicilla), ñòåðâÿòíèê (Neophron percnopte-rus), ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô (Aegypius monachus),áåëîãîëîâûé ñèï (Gyps fulvus).

Êîíòàêò (9).

Ñ.Â. Áàêêà, Í.Þ. Êèñåë¸âà. Ñîâà – ïòè-öà 2005 ãîäà. Ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå.Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä: ÌåæäóíàðîäíûéÑîöèàëüíî-ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé ñîþç, ýêî-öåíòð «Äðîíò». 2005. 36 ñ.

Ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå ïðèçâàíî îáåñ-ïå÷èòü óñïåõ àêöèè «Ñîâà – ïòèöà 2005ãîäà» â Ðîññèè è ñîäåðæèò ìàòåðèàëû, íå-îáõîäèìûå äëÿ îðãàíèçàöèè àãèòàöèîííî-ïðîïàãàíäèñòñêîé, èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé èïðàêòè÷åñêîé ïðèðîäîîõðàííîé äåÿòåëü-íîñòè â ðàìêàõ àêöèè. Áðîøþðà ðàññêà-çûâàåò îá îñîáåííîñòÿõ áèîëîãèè ñîâ, çíà-êîìèò ñî ñïåêòðîì îòíîøåíèé ðàçíûõíàðîäîâ ê ýòèì ïòèöàì, îáñóæäàåò ïðîáëå-ìû îõðàíû ñîâ è ïóòè èõ ðåøåíèÿ. Ñîäåð-æèò îáøèðíûé îáçîð èíòåðíåò-ñàéòîâ èñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû.

Ïîñîáèå äîñòóïíî íà ñàéòå «Ïåðíàòûåõèùíèêè Ðîññèè» â ôîðìàòå pdf9.

Êîíòàêò (10).

clanga), White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus alb-icilla), Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Long-leggedBuzzard (Buteo rufinus), Saker Falcon (Falcocherrug), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregri-nus), and the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). Thesespecies occupy different habitats and haveseparate ecological niches.

For all these species the spatial structureof populations, based on breeding records,have been described. Contact (8).

Data the for Red Data Book of the Republicof Kalmykia. Edited by V.M.Murzaev. Elista.2005. 68 p. (ISBN 5–230–20197–5)

It contains 15 species of Falconiformes and1 species of Strigiformes, 1 species fromthem have a regional status «critical endan-gered» – 1 category: Lesser Kestrel (Falconaumanni); 6 species have a status «shrink-ing population» – 2 category: Pallid Harrier(Circus macrourus), Great Spotted Eagle (Aq-uila clanga), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca),Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), Peregrine Fal-con (Falco peregrinus), Eagle Owl (Bubobubo); 10 species have a status «rare spe-cies» – 3 category: Osprey (Pandion haliae-tus), Levant Sparrowhawk (Accipiter bre-vipes), Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteorufinus), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis),Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), EgyptianVulture (Neophron percnopterus), Black Vul-ture (Aegypius monachus) and Griffon Vul-ture (Gyps fulvus). Contact (9).

S.V. Bakka, N.Y. Kiseleva. Owl – the birdof 2005. Methodical textbook. NizhniyNovgorod: International Social-EcologicalUnit, Ecocenter «Dront». 2005. 36 p.

This book was published to promote thesuccess of «Owl – the bird of 2005» in Rus-sia and contains materials for the organiza-tion of a promotional campaign, research,and practical conservation. The book tellsabout the features of owl biology, describesthe ethnic attitudes towards the owls in dif-ferent ethnic groups, and discusses theproblems and solutions of owl conservation.Readers can learn to identify owls in theCentral European part of Russia, and to man-age the habitat of the owls. Reviews of in-ternet resources and literature given in thebook help get additional knowledge onthese mystic and amazing birds.

This book is available on site «Russian Rap-tors» in pdf9. Contact (10).

(9) Êîíòàêò:

Öåíòð íîâûõ èíôîð-ìàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèéÊàëìÃÓ358000 ÐîññèÿÝëèñòà óë. Ïóøêèíà, 11

(9) Contact:

Center for NewInformation Technologyof the Kalmykia StateUniversityPushkina str., 11Elista Russia 358000

(10) Êîíòàêò:

Íàäåæäà Êèñåë¸âàÍèæåãîðîäñêîåîòäåëåíèå ÑÎÏÐ603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäà/ÿ 631Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò»òåë.: +7 (8312) 34 46 [email protected]

(10) Contact:

Nadezhda KiselevaThe N. Novgorodbranch of RBCUecocenter ‘Dront’P.O. Box 631Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: +7 (8312) 34 46 [email protected]

9 http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/methods/Owls_NN.pdf

Contents Raptors Conservation 2006, 5 71

Ñîäåðæàíèå

Îò ðåäàêöèè ............................................................ 3

Ñîáûòèÿ ................................................................. 6

Íîâîñòè ÑÈÒÅÑ ..................................................... 10

Êîíòðàáàíäà ñîêîëîâ ............................................ 11

Êðàòêèé îò÷¸ò ïî äîêëàäàì î ìåðàõïðèíóæäåíèÿ â îáëàñòè òîðãîâëè ñîêîëàìè.Ôåäîòêèí Ä.Â., Ñîðîêèí À.Ã. ............................. 12

Îáçîðû è êîììåíòàðèè ..................................... 16

«Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí» ñåãîäíÿ.Èíòåðâüþ ñ Â.Í. Ïëîòíèêîâûì .......................... 16

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ.............................. 19

Ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ ñîâ â èñêóñ-ñòâåííûå ãí¸çäà â 2005 ã. â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè. Ñ.Â. Áàêêà, Í.Þ. Êèñåë¸âà,Ë.Ì. Íîâèêîâà ................................................... 19

Ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ ñîââ èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ â Íàöèîíàëüíîìïàðêå «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà». Ð. Áåêìàíñóðîâ.............. 21

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ .......................... 22

Íîâûå äàííûå î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè è ÷èñëåííîñòèñîâ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. Ñ.Â. Áàêêà,È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, Í.Þ. Êèñ¸ëåâà, Ë.Ì. Íîâèêîâà ..22

Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû Óëóòàó.È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, Ò.Î. Áàðàáàøèí ........................... 37

Ãðèô íà õðåáòå Íóðàòàó, Óçáåêèñòàí.Êîðøóíîâà Å.Í., Êîðøóíîâ Å.Í. ........................ 50

Îáçîð çàë¸òîâ áåëûõ ñîâ â Ñðåäíþþ Àçèþ.Î.Â. Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé .......................................... 61

Íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ïðîãðàììà âîññòàíîâëåíèÿñîêîëà-ñàïñàíà â øòàòå Âåðìîíò (ÑØÀ):ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé 2005 ã. M. Ôîóëè,Ê. Âîëüôîðò, Ñ. Ôàññèî, Ä. Áëàäãåòò .................. 63

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ............................................ 66

Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå ðåçóëüòàòû èçó÷åíèÿ ðûáíîãîôèëèíà â áàññåéíå ð. Ñàìàðãà â 2005 ã.Ñóðìà÷ Ñ.Ã. ........................................................ 66

Âñòðå÷è áåðêóòà â áîðàõ íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêåÊàçàõñòàíà. À. Èñàáåêîâ .................................... 67

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû ........................... 68

Contents

Editors ..................................................................... 3

Events ...................................................................... 6

CITES News ............................................................ 10

Contraband of Falcons ............................................ 11

Short summary of the reports from the meetingof the CITES Falcon Enforcement Task Force. Fedotkin D.V., Sorokin A.G. ................................. 12

Reviews and Comments ....................................... 16

‘Altai-Falcon’ today.Interview with V.N. Plotnilov ............................... 16

Raptors Conservation ........................................... 19

Actions for attracting owls in nestboxesin the N.Novgorod district in 2005. S.V. Bakka, N.Yu. Kiseleva,L.M. Novikova .................................................... 19

Actions for attracting of owls to artificial nestsin the National Park ‘Nizhnyaya Kama’. Rinur Bekmansurov ............................................. 21

Raptors Research.................................................. 22

Distribution and number of owls in theN. Novgorod district. S.V. Bakka, I.V. Karyakin, N.Yu. Kiseleva, L.M. Novikova ............................ 22

The birds of prey and owls of the Ulutaumountains. I.V. Karyakin, T.O. Barabashin ............ 37

The Black Vulture in the Nuratau mountains,Uzbekistan. Korshunova E.N., Korshunov E.N. .... 50

Records of winter vagrant Snowy Owls in Central Asia.O.V. Mitropolskiy ................................................ 61

National Wildlife Federation’s Vermont (USA)Peregrine Falcon Recovery Program:Results of Research in 2005. M. Fowle,K. Wohlfort, S. Faccio, and D. Blodgett ............... 63

Short reports ......................................................... 66

Short Report on the Research of the Blakiston’sFish Owl in the Samarga River Valley in 2005.Surmach S.G. ...................................................... 66

Registrations of the Golden Eagle in pine forestsin the Northeast of Kazakhstan. A. Isabekov ....... 67

New Publications and Videos .............................. 68

Îòïå÷àòàíî â òèïîãðàôèè ÍÍÃÓ ñ ãîòîâîãî îðèãèíàë-ìàêåòàËèö. ÏÄ ¹ 18–0099 îò 04.05.01 ã.

603000, ã. Í. Íîâîãîðîä, óë. Á. Ïîêðîâñêàÿ, 37

raptors conservation 5/2006

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