raptors conservation 10/2007

72

Upload: igor-karyakin

Post on 10-Mar-2016

241 views

Category:

Documents


7 download

DESCRIPTION

Pernatye khishniki i ikh okhrana / Raptors Conservation is the unique peer-reviewed periodical journal in the countries of the former USSR, publishing papers, concerning the research and conservation of the birds of prey and owls. The Journal is being supported and developed by the initiative group, united in the editorial board on the base of the Siberian Environmental Center, the largest organization of the Russian Raptor Research and Conservation Network. Edition of the Journal is being funded by charitable donations of all interested Russian and foreign people. Authors of the Journal are the leading scientists of Russia, countries of the former USSR and East Asia as well as other countries, who study and protect the birds of prey and owls, employees of the environmental authorities, falcon centers, captive breeding centers for the birds of prey and zoos, birdwatchers.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Raptors Conservation 10/2007
Page 2: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors�Conservation

ПЕРНАТЫЕ�ХИЩНИКИ�И�ИХ�ОХРАНА

2007�№10

Ðàáî÷èé áþëëåòåíü î ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêàõ Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé ÀçèèThe Newsletter of the raptors of the East Europe and North Asia

Áþëëåòåíü «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà» ó÷-ðåæä¸í ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîéîáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêî-ëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» (Íîâîñèáèðñê) è íàó÷íî-èñ-ñëåäîâàòåëüñêîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé«Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé» (Í.Íîâãîðîä).

Ðåäàêòîðû íîìåðà: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî (Ñè-áýêîöåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê) è Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí(Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Í.Íîâãîðîä).

Ýòîò âûïóñê ãîòîâèëè: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî,Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí, Íèêîëàé è Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâû,Àííà Øåñòàêîâà.

Ôîòîãðàôèÿ íà ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå îáëîæ-êè: ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) â ãíåçäîâîé íèøå, Òóâà,Ðîññèÿ, èþíü 2006 ã. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà.

 èëëþñòðàöèè çàäíåé ñòîðîíû îáëîæêè èñ-ïîëüçîâàíû ôîòîãðàôèè È. Êàðÿêèíà è Ý. Íè-êîëåíêî.

Äèçàéí: Ä. Ñåíîòðóñîâ, À. Êëåù¸âÂåðñòêà: À. Êëåù¸âÊîððåêòóðà: Å. Êëåù¸âà

ISSN 1814–0076

Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè:

630090 Ðîññèÿ,

Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547

Editorial adress:

P.O. Box 547, Novosibirsk,Russia, 630090

Tel./Fax: (383) 339 78 85

E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors

Ýëåêòðîííàÿ âåðñèÿ/RC online

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC

Ïðàâèëà äëÿ àâòîðîâ äîñòóïíû íà ñàéòå:

Guidelines for Contributors available on website:

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC/guidelines/

The Raptors Conservation Newsletter was found-ed by the non-governmental organizations theSiberian Environmental Center (Novosibirsk) andthe Center for Field Studies (Nizhniy Novgorod).

Editors: Elvira Nikolenko (Siberian Environmen-tal Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) and Igor Karyakin(Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia).

This issue has been made by: Elvira Nikolenko,Igor Karyakin, Nikolay and Eugene Potapov,Anna Shestakova.

Photo on the front cover: Eagle Owl (Bubobubo) in the nesting niche, Tuva Republic, Rus-sia, June 2006. Photo by I. Karyakin.

Photos on the back cover by I. Karyakin andE. Nikolenko.

Design by D. Senotrusov, A. KleschevPage-proofs by A. KleschevProof-reader: E. Klescheva

Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ êîëëåãèÿ:

Ñ.Â. Áàêêà, âíñ, ê.á.í., ÃÏÁÇ «Êåðæåíñêèé», Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ;[email protected]

Ò.Î. Áàðàáàøèí, ê.á.í., ÐÃÏÓ, Ðîñòîâ-íà-Äîíó, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected]

Ñ.À. Áóêðååâ, ñíñ, ê.á.í., ÈÒèÝÁ ÐÀÍ, Ïóùèíî, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected]

Í.Þ. Êèñåëåâà, ê.ïåä.í., ÑÎÏÐ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected]

Ð.Ä. Ëàïøèí, äîö., ê.á.í., ÍÃÏÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected]

À.Ñ. Ëåâèí, äîö., ê.á.í., Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè ÌÎèÍ, Àëìàòû, Êàçàõñòàí;[email protected]

Î.Â. Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé, ïðîô., ä.á.í., Íàöèîíàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò, Òàø-êåíò, Óçáåêèñòàí; [email protected]

À.Ñ. Ïàæåíêîâ, ê.á.í., ÖÑÂÓÝÑ, Ñàìàðà, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected]

Ì.Â. Ïåñòîâ, ê.á.í., Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò», Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected]

Å.Ð. Ïîòàïîâ, Ph.D, Èññëåäîâàíèå Ïðèðîäû, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ;[email protected]

Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí, ïðîô., ä.á.í., ÈÑèÝË ÑÎ ÐÀÍ, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ;[email protected]

È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé, Ñèáýêîöåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected]

À.À. Øåñòàêîâà, ê.á.í., ÍÍÃÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected]

T. Katzner, Ph.D., Conservation and Field Research National Aviary, USA;[email protected]

M.J. McGrady, Ph.D., Natural Research, UK; [email protected]

Page 3: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Events Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 3

Events

СОБЫТИЯ

 èþëå 2007 ã. â ðàìêàõ Âåí-ãåðñêî-Ñëîâàöêîé ïðîãðàì-ìû ïî îõðàíå áàëîáàíà(Falco cherrug) «Îõðàíà áàëî-áàíà â Ïðèêàðïàòüå»1, ñòàð-òîâàâøåé â îêòÿáðå 2006 ã.,íà 10 ìîëîäûõ ñîêîëîâ áûëèíàäåòû ñïóòíèêîâûå ïåðå-äàò÷èêè ôèðì NorthStarScience and Technology èMicrowave Telemetry.

Ñåé÷àñ ñòàáèëüíî óëàâëèâàþòñÿ ñèãíàëû9-òè ïåðåäàò÷èêîâ, è îáðà-áîòàííûå ðåçóëüòàòû òåëå-ìåòðèè âûñòàâëåíû íà ñàéòåïðîåêòà2.

Äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ ìèãðàöèèïðèêàðïàòñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ äî2009 ã. ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ïîìåòèòüñïóòíèêîâûìè ïåðåäàò÷èêàìè46 ñîêîëîâ â Âåíãðèè è Ñëî-âàêèè. Êîíòàêò (1).

Under the Hungarian-Slovak project «Con-servation of Saker in the Carpathian Ba-sin»1 that started in October 2006 10 youngsakers (Falco cherrug) were equipped withsatellite transmitters made by NorthStarScience and Technology and MicrowaveTelemetry companies in July 2007.

Now 9 transmitters are functioning and thefirst results available in website of project2.

Until 2009 will be satellite tag 46 Sakersin Hungary and Slovakia to follow theirmovements. Contact (1).

(1) Contact:

Matyas [email protected]

1 http://kerlife.dyndns.org/en/content/news#kekvercse622 http://kerlife.dyndns.org/en/content/show?dattype=sat_birds

Ïðîåêò «Îõðàíà áàëîáàíà â Ïðèêàðïàòüå»(LIFE06 NAT/HU/000096) íàïðàâëåí íà óâåëè÷åíèå÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â Âåíãðèè è Ñëîâàêèè.  íà-ñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü åâðîïåéñêîé ïî-ïóëÿöèè áàëîáàíîâ îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 450 ïàð, 40% êîòî-ðûõ íàñåëÿþò Âåíãðèþ è Ñëîâàêèþ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì,îõðàíà áàëîáàíà â Ïðèêàðïàòüå ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî âàæíàäëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ âñåé åâðîïåéñêîé ïîïóëÿöèè âèäà.Õîòÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà â ýòèõ ñòðàíàõ ñ 1990 ã.ïî 2000 ã. óâåëè÷èëàñü, â öåëîì åâðîïåéñêàÿ ïîïó-ëÿöèÿ ñîêðàòèëàñü íà 20%. Ïðè÷èíû ñòîëü ïðîòèâî-ðå÷èâîé äèíàìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè åâðîïåéñêîé ïîïóëÿ-öèè áàëîáàíà â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ íåèçâåñòíû.

Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ìåðû ïî îõðàíå áàëîáàíà ìîãóòáûòü óñïåøíûìè, òîëüêî åñëè áóäóò îïðåäåëåíû íå-ãàòèâíûå ôàêòîðû, âëèÿþùèå íà ñîêîëîâ âî âðåìÿìèãðàöèè, è óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîêîëîâ â Ïðè-êàðïàòüå áóäåò êîìïåíñèðîâàòü ïîòåðè åâðîïåéñ-êîé ïîïóëÿöèè.

The project «Conservation of Saker in the Carpathi-an Basin» (LIFE06 NAT/HU/000096) aims to strength-en the Hungarian-Slovak population of Saker Falcon.The estimated total European population of the spe-cies is 450 pairs. Hungary and Slovakia hold the 40%of the European population therefore conservation ofthe population in the Carpathian Basin is extremelyimportant from the aspect of the European popula-tion’s future. Although the populations in those coun-tries increased between 1990 and 2000, the overallpopulation decreased by 20% in the last ten years.There is not any reliable information about the rea-sons of that apparently contradictory situation.

Having regard the facts above, conservation meas-ures can be successful only if on one hand the im-pacts on Sakers during migration and threatening fac-tors can be identified, and on the other hand if lossescan be compensated by strengthening the popula-tion in the Carpathian Basin.

Ìå÷åíèå áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug)

ñïóòíèêîâûì ïåðåäàò÷èêîì. Ôîòî Ì.Ïðîììåð

PTT marking of a Saker (Falco cherrug).

Photo by M. Prommer

Ìîëîäàÿ ñàìêà áàëîáà-íà «Lili», ïîìå÷åííàÿñïóòíèêîâûì ïåðåäàò÷è-êîì 75387 (Microwave)9 èþëÿ 2007. Ôîòî ß. Áà-ãèóðà

Young female of the Sak-er Falcon «Lili» marked byPTT 75387 (Microwave)9 July 2007. Photo by J.Bagyura

Page 4: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

ÑîáûòèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 104

Ïðè÷èíû ñîêðàùåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè â ïîñëåäíååâðåìÿ:

- èñ÷åçíîâåíèå ìåñò, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ;- ñîêðàùåíèå è/èëè èñ÷åçíîâåíèå êîðìîâîãî ðå-

ñóðñà è îõîòíè÷üèõ òåððèòîðèé;- óâåëè÷åíèå ñìåðòíîñòè çà ñ÷¸ò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåê-

òðîòîêîì íà ËÝÏ è îòñòðåëà;- ñíèæåíèå óñïåõà ðàçìíîæåíèÿ èç-çà ñòàðåíèÿ è

ðàçðóøåíèÿ èñïîëüçóåìûõ ãí¸çä;- óâåëè÷åíèå ñìåðòíîñòè ïî âèíå ÷åëîâåêà íà ïðî-

ë¸òå è çèìîâêå.Öåëè ïðîåêòà1) Îöåíêà âëèÿíèÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ ôàêòîðîâ íà áàëî-

áàíîâ â õîäå ìèãðàöèè.2) Îöåíêà âëèÿíèÿ íåãàòèâíûõ ôàêòîðîâ íà ãíåç-

äîâàíèè.3) Îñóùåñòâëåíèå ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ñòàáèëèçàöèè

ïîïóëÿöèè íà êîðîòêèé ïåðèîä âðåìåíè.4) Îñóùåñòâëåíèå ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî óâåëè÷åíèþ

÷èñëåííîñòè åâðîïåéñêîé ïîïóëÿöèè áàëîáàíà íàäëèòåëüíûé ïåðèîä.

Ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ è ìåòîäûÏðîãðàììà LIFE-Nature ïî îõðàíå áàëîáàíà ñî-

ñòîèò èç íåñêîëüêèõ ýòàïîâ, êàæäûé èç êîòîðûõ èìååòáîëüøîå çíà÷åíèå â îõðàíå âèäà.

1) Ðàñøèðåíèå ãíåçäîâîãî ôîíäà – ïðîåêò íàïðàâ-ëåí íà ñîõðàíåíèå ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, ñî-çäàíèå íîâûõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ è óñòàíîâ-êó èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé íà ðåàëüíûõ èïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ñîêîëîâ.

2) Èçó÷åíèå ìåòîäîâ âåäåíèÿ ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâàè èõ èçìåíåíèå â öåëÿõ îõðàíû áàëîáàíà – ðàçðà-áîòêà ñèñòåìû ñóáâåíöèé, êîòîðûå ïîääåðæàò ñåëü-ñêîõîçÿéñòâåííóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü, íàèáîëåå áëàãîïðè-ÿòíóþ äëÿ âèäà.

3) Ñîõðàíåíèå ñóñëèêîâ, êàê íàèáîëåå âàæíûõîáúåêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ: ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû, ðàçðàáîòêà ïðî-ãðàììû óïðàâëåíèÿ ñðåäîé îáèòàíèÿ ñóñëèêîâ âìåñòàõ îáèòàíèÿ áàëîáàíà, ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, ðå-îðãàíèçàöèÿ ñõåìû ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî èñïîëü-çîâàíèÿ çåìåëü íà áîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíóþ äëÿ îáèòà-íèÿ ñóñëèêîâ. Ñóñëèêè, êàê íàèáîëåå âàæíûåîáúåêòû ïèòàíèÿ áàëîáàíîâ, áóäóò ðàññåëÿòüñÿ íàíåêîòîðûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ ñåòè ðåçåðâàòîâ Natura2000, ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíûìè äëÿîáèòàíèÿ áàëîáàíà.

4) Ïòèöåçàùèòíûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ íà ËÝÏ – âåðîÿò-íî, ýòî íàèáîëåå âàæíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü, êîòîðàÿ ñó-ùåñòâåííî óìåíüøèò ñìåðòíîñòü ñîêîëîâ çà ñ÷¸ò óñ-òàíîâêè ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ,ïðîõîäÿùèõ ÷åðåç ãíåçäîâûå è îõîòíè÷üè ó÷àñòêèáàëîáàíîâ.

5) Îõðàíà ãí¸çä – ïðåäîòâðàùåíèå íåãàòèâíîãîâëèÿíèÿ ÷åëîâåêà, âêëþ÷àÿ îòñòðåë è ðàçîðåíèåãí¸çä.

6) Èçó÷åíèå ôàêòîðîâ, âëèÿþùèõ íà áàëîáàíîâ âõîäå ìèãðàöèé – äëÿ óëó÷øåíèÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ ïðè÷èí

The recently assumed reasons of population de-crease:

- Disappearing natural nest sites;- Decreasing or/and disappearing food resources and

feeding areas;- Increased mortality because of electrocution and

shooting;- Decreasing breeding success because of old, used

nests;- Increasing mortality and human disturbance on

migration routes and wintering areas.Aims of the project1) Exploring impacts on Sakers during migration.2) Evaluating threatening factors on the population.3) Facilitating stabilisation of the population on short

term.4) Facilitating increase of European Saker popula-

tion on long term, as a result of project activities.Actions and methodsThe Saker conservation LIFE-Nature programme

consists of several elements each having significantimportance in species’ conservation.

1) Ensuring nest sites – The project strengthens thepopulation by conserving nest sites, creating new nestsites and placing artificial nests for Sakers on poten-tial or existing nesting areas.

2) Studying agricultural subvention schemes andeffects of related habitat management – In order topropose a subvention system that supports agricul-tural activities most favourable for the species.

3) Conserving suslik as the most important prey –A proposal will be created during the project for sus-lik-friendly habitat management on SPAs. In addition,another proposal will be submitted to amend agri-environmental schemes in favour of suslik conserva-tion. Suslik as the most important prey of Saker willbe re-introduced on certain Natura 2000 areas thatare potential breeding sites of Saker.

4) Insulating pylons of electric power lines – Maybethe most important activity that will decrease mortal-ity is insulation of dangerous pylons of power lines inthe nesting and feeding sites.

5) Nest guarding – In order to prevent human dis-turbance including nest shooting guarding of endan-gered nests will take place.

6) Exploring impacts of migrating Sakers – In orderto understand better the reasons of mortality duringmigration wintering sites and migration routes willbe explored by using satellite tags on Sakers and set-ting up international mailing list.

7) Increasing environmental awareness – During theproject various stakeholders (farmers, game manag-ers, politicians on local and national levels) will becontacted and information posts will be erected togain support for the conservation programme.

8) Monitoring – Uniform monitoring system will beestablished that will provide precise information about

Page 5: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Events Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 5

ñìåðòíîñòè âî âðåìÿ ìèãðàöèè è íà çèìîâêàõ áóäåò èçó÷åíîïåðåìåùåíèå ñîêîëîâ ñ ïîìîùüþ ñïóòíèêîâîé òåëåìåòðèè.Áóäåò ñîñòàâëåí ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ñïèñîê ðåñïîíäåíòîâ, êîòî-ðûå èìåþò âîçìîæíîñòü íàáëþäàòü áàëîáàíà íà çèìîâêàõ.

7) Ýêîïðîñâåùåíèå – â õîäå ïðîåêòà äëÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ ãðóïïíàñåëåíèÿ (ôåðìåðû, îõîòîâåäû, ÷èíîâíèêè ðàçëè÷íûõ ðàí-ãîâ) áóäóò îðãàíèçîâàíû èíôîðìàöèîííûå öåíòðû äëÿ ïîääåð-æêè ïðîãðàìì ïî îõðàíå ñîêîëîâ.

8) Ìîíèòîðèíã – áóäåò ïðîâåäåíî óíèôèöèðîâàíèå ñèñòåìûìîíèòîðèíãà, ÷òî îáåñïå÷èò ïîñòóïëåíèå áîëåå òî÷íîé èíôîð-ìàöèè î äèíàìèêå ÷èñëåííîñòè íàñåëåíèÿ ñóñëèêîâ è áàëîáà-íîâ. Áóäåò ñîáðàíà è îöåíåíà èíôîðìàöèÿ îá óñïåøíîñòè çè-ìîâêè ñóñëèêîâ, à îò èíîñòðàííûõ ðåñïîíäåíòîâ ïîëó÷åíàèíôîðìàöèÿ î çèìîâêàõ áàëîáàíà. Ýòè äàííûå íåîáõîäèìû äëÿïîñëåäóþùåãî ïðîãíîçà ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà è îöåí-êè ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ìåð îõðàíû.

9) Ïðèâëå÷åíèå ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî ðåñóðñà è òåõíè÷åñêèõ âîç-ìîæíîñòåé – ïðèâëå÷åíèå âîëîíò¸ðîâ äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïðèðî-äîîõðàííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé, âîâëå÷åíèå â ïðîåêò ïîñëåäíèõ òåõ-íè÷åñêèõ äîñòèæåíèé.

10) Ìå÷åíèå – êîëüöåâàíèå, êàê òðàäèöèîííûé ýëåìåíò îð-íèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòüþ ïðîåêòà. Ïòåí-öû áàëîáàíà áóäóò îêîëüöîâàíû, à òàêæå ïîìå÷åíû ìèêðî÷è-ïàìè. Ïîñëåäíåå íåîáõîäèìî ýêñïåðòàì äëÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèèïòèö áåç èõ îòëîâà ïóò¸ì óñòàíîâêè ñêàíåðà â ãíåçäå.

Îæèäàåìûå ðåçóëüòàòûÊàê ðåçóëüòàò ïðîåêòà îæèäàåòñÿ, ÷òî óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ñóùåñòâî-

âàíèÿ áàëîáàíà â Ïðèêàðïàòüå çíà÷èòåëüíî óëó÷øàòñÿ. ×èñëîðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð ê êîíöó äåéñòâèÿ ïðîåêòà â 2010 ã. óâå-ëè÷èòñÿ äî 180 ïàð â Âåíãðèè è 35 ïàð â Ñëîâàêèè.  äàëüíåé-øåì äî 2020 ã. îæèäàåòñÿ óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëà ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàðäî 210 è 40 ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

changes of both Saker and suslik popula-tions. Using capture-recapture methodwintering success of susliks will be evalu-ated and information will be collected fromthe wintering areas of Sakers by using in-ternational mailing list. Both are necessaryto follow the changes and to evaluate thesuccess of the conservation measures.

9) Developing human resources andtechnical possibilities – To implement con-servation actions, development of bothhuman resources and technical equip-ments are necessary and they are parts ofthe project.

10) Ringing – Ringing is also part of theproject as a traditional element of popu-lation dynamics and migration studies.Saker chicks will be ringed with ornitho-logical and so-called PIT (Passive Integrat-ed Transponder) rings. This latter enablesexperts to identify the bird without recap-turing it simply by placing an antenna anda logger to the nest.

Expected resultsAs the result of the project, life condi-

tions for Sakers will improve significantlyin the Carpathian Basin. It is expected thatthe number of breeding pairs will reach180 in Hungary and 35 in Slovakia by 2010to the end of the project. Further increaseis expected by 2020 with 210 and 40breeding pairs respectively.

Êàðòà ïåðåìåùåíèÿáàëîáàíà «Li l i » ïîñîñòîÿíèþ íà 3 îêòÿáðÿ2007 ã.

Track of Saker Falcon «Lili»till 3 October 2007

Page 6: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

ÑîáûòèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 106

Eagle Conservation Alliance (ECA) held the«Second Annual Meeting of the Eagle Con-servation Alliance» on 4–7 of September2007 at Africam Safari, Puebla, Mexico.

The General Aim is to bring together in-dividuals and institutions with remarkableinterests in eagles to discuss issues of mu-tual concern, including:

– the challenges of breeding and manag-ing ex situ populations;

– developing and supporting research thatgenerates knowledge benefiting eagles exsitu and in situ;

– increasing public awareness and sustain-able community based conservation pro-grams;

– developing actions that directly assist inconserving and managing eagles worldwide.

Contact (2).

The 2nd International Peregrine Confer-ence held at Piotrovo (Poznan) in Polandon 19–20 September where about 100 sci-entists from more than 20 states partici-pated.

Russia was represented at the conferenceby chairman of RGSS Vladimir Galushin. Post-ers were presented by Michail Golovatin,Nadezhda Egorova, Igor Karyakin, YakovKokorev, Svetlana Korkina, Olga Natalskaya,Daniel Osipov, Alexey Pazhenkov, SegeyPaschalny, Sergey Haritonov.

Some aspects of the conference resolu-tion are published on p. 10. Contact (3).

The State observatory of bird protectionof Low Saxony (NLWKN) held the Sympo-sium on the Red Kite (Milvus milvus) con-servation at Schneferdingen (Germany) on10–11 October 20073.

The main aim of the symposium was cre-ating the new impulse to protect the RedKite.

Near 60% of the Red Kite population inthe world breed in Germany: in provincesSaxony-Angalt, Thuringia and eastern andsouthern Low Saxony. Southwestern Harts-florand is the part of the global center ofthe species density. Thus Germany bearsthe main international responsibility onprotecting and developing the Red Kitepopulation.

The research on breeding success of theRed Kite was carried out in Low Saxony aswell as in the all territory of Germany in

4–7 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. â Ñàôàðè «Africam»,ã. Ïóýáëà (Ìåêñèêà) ïðîøëî «Âòîðîå åæå-ãîäíîå ñîáðàíèå Ñîþçà îõðàíû îðëîâ».

Îñíîâíàÿ öåëü: îáúåäèíèòü ëþäåé èîðãàíèçàöèè, èíòåðåñóþùèõñÿ îðëàìè, äëÿîáñóæäåíèÿ ïðîáëåì âçàèìíîãî áåñïî-êîéñòâà, âêëþ÷àÿ:

– ïðîáëåìû ðàçìíîæåíèÿ è óïðàâëåíèÿèñêóññòâåííûìè ïîïóëÿöèÿìè;

– ðàçâèòèå è ïîääåðæêà èññëåäîâàíèé,íàïðàâëåííûõ íà ïîìîùü îðëàì êàê â íå-âîëå, òàê è â åñòåñòâåííîé ñðåäå;

– ðàçâèòèå îáùåñòâåííîãî îñîçíàíèÿ èóñòîé÷èâîãî ñîîáùåñòâà, îñíîâàííîãî íàïðîãðàììàõ îõðàíû;

– ðàçâèòèå àêòèâíîñòåé, êîòîðûå íåïîñ-ðåäñòâåííî ñïîñîáñòâóþò îõðàíå îðëîâ ïîâñåìó ìèðó.

Êîíòàêò (2).

19–20 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. â ã. Ïèîòðîâî (Ïî-çíàíü) â Ïîëüøå ïðîøëà ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿêîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî ñàïñàíó (Falco peregri-nus), â êîòîðîé ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå îêîëî 100ñïåöèàëèñòîâ èç áîëåå ÷åì 20 ñòðàí ìèðà.

Ðîññèþ íà êîíôåðåíöèè ïðåäñòàâëÿëïðåäñåäàòåëü ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû ïî õèùíûìïòèöàì è ñîâàì Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåð-íîé Àçèè – Âëàäèìèð Ìèõàéëîâè÷ Ãàëóøèí,ïîñòåðû ïðåäñòàâèëè Ìèõàèë Ãîëîâàòèí,Íàäåæäà Åãîðîâà, Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí, ßêîâ Êî-êîðåâ, Ñâåòëàíà Êîðêèíà, Îëüãà Íàòàëüñêàÿ,Äàíèèë Îñèïîâ, Àëåêñåé Ïàæåíêîâ, Ñåð-ãåé Ïàñõàëüíûé, Ñåðãåé Õàðèòîíîâ.

Âûäåðæêè èç ðåçîëþöèè êîíôåðåíöèèîïóáëèêîâàíû íà ñòð. 10. Êîíòàêò (3).

Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ îáñåðâàòîðèÿ îõðàíûïòèö Íèæíåé Ñàêñîíèè (NLWKN) ïðî-âåëà â ã. Øíåôåðäèíãåíå (Ãåðìàíèÿ) 10–11 îêòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. Ñèìïîçèóì ïî îõðà-íå êðàñíîãî êîðøóíà (Milvus milvus) 3.

Öåëüþ ñèìïîçèóìà ÿâèëîñü ñîçäàíèåíîâîãî èìïóëüñà â äåëå îõðàíû êðàñíîãîêîðøóíà.

Ïðèìåðíî 60% ìèðîâîé ïîïóëÿöèèêðàñíîãî êîðøóíà ãíåçäèòñÿ â Ãåðìàíèè: âïðîâèíöèÿõ Ñàêñîíèÿ-Àíãàëüò, Òþðèíãèÿ,à òàêæå â âîñòî÷íîé è þæíîé Íèæíåé Ñàê-ñîíèè. Þãî-çàïàäíûé Ãàðöôîðëàíä îòíî-ñèòñÿ ê ìèðîâîìó öåíòðó ïëîòíîñòè âèäà.Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, Ãåðìàíèÿ â ìåæäóíàðîä-íîì êîíòåêñòå íåñ¸ò ìàêñèìàëüíóþ îòâåò-ñòâåííîñòü â äåëå îõðàíû è ðàçâèòèÿ ïî-ïóëÿöèè êðàñíîãî êîðøóíà.

 2006 ã. â Íèæíåé Ñàêñîíèè, êàê è ïîâñåé Ãåðìàíèè, áûëè ïðîâåäåíû ðàáîòû ïî

(2) Contact:

Juan Manuel BlancoAquila Foundationtel.: +34 600 75 51 56+34 925 86 71 [email protected]

Frank Carlos CamachoAfricam Safaritel.: +52 222 281 70 00ext [email protected]

3 http://www.nna.niedersachsen.de/master/C39903747_N5917408_L20_D0_I5661

(3) Contact:

Janusz [email protected]

Page 7: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Events Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 7

2006. The modern data about biology of thespecies and existing endangering factorshave been collected to help with planningpreventive activity on improving conditionsfor the species existing.

Reports about the species existing inGermany, France, Spain, Belgium andSwitzerland, experience of satellite teleme-try using for studying the Red Kite migra-tions and wintering and also main treatsfor the species habitats – European agri-cultural policy, wind power stations andillegal catching were represented at thesymposium.

Contact (4).

5th North Eurasian Conference about rap-tors planned earlier in Vitebsk (Republicof Byelorussia) will be hold in Ivanovo(Russia) on 4–7 February 2008.

There will be different forms of presenta-tions on the Conference: oral contributionsduring the main conference and sectionalprograms, posters, also workshops andsymposiums are planned to function. TheConference proceedings and “Research andConservation of Spotted Eagles in the North-ern Eurasia” are planned to publish. Theconference will be conducted in Russian. Thesize of Abstracts should be not more than400 words. The deadline for submission ofAbstracts is 15 November 2007. Contact (5).

èçó÷åíèþ óñïåõà ðàçìíîæåíèÿ êðàñíîãîêîðøóíà. Ñîáðàíû ñîâðåìåííûå íàó÷íûåäàííûå î áèîëîãèè âèäà è ñóùåñòâóþùèõèñòî÷íèêàõ îïàñíîñòè, êîòîðûå ìîãóò ïî-ìî÷ü â ïëàíèðîâàíèè ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî óëó÷øåíèþ ñîñòîÿíèÿâèäà â öåëîì.

Íà ñèìïîçèóìå áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû äîê-ëàäû î ñîñòîÿíèè âèäà â Ãåðìàíèè, Ôðàí-öèè, Èñïàíèè, Áåëüãèè è Øâåéöàðèè; îáîïûòå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ìåòîäà ñïóòíèêîâîéòåëåìåòðèè â èçó÷åíèè ìèãðàöèé è çèìî-âîê êðàñíîãî êîðøóíà, à òàêæå îá îñíîâ-íûõ óãðîçàõ, âåäóùèõ ê ñîêðàùåíèþ âèäà– åâðîïåéñêîé ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé ïî-ëèòèêè, âåòðÿíûõ ýëåêòðîñòàíöèÿõ è íåëå-ãàëüíîì îòëîâå. Êîíòàêò (4).

V Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî õèù-íûì ïòèöàì Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè, ïðîâå-äåíèå êîòîðîé ðàíåå ïëàíèðîâàëîñü âã. Âèòåáñê (Áåëîðóññèÿ), áóäåò ïðîõîäèòüâ ã. Èâàíîâî (Ðîññèÿ) 4–7 ôåâðàëÿ 2008 ã.

 ïðîãðàììå Êîíôåðåíöèè ïðåäóñìîò-ðåíû ïëåíàðíûå è ñåêöèîííûå äîêëàäû,ñèìïîçèóìû, êðóãëûå ñòîëû è ñòåíäîâûåäîêëàäû. Ïëàíèðóåòñÿ èçäàíèå òåçèñîâ ñî-îáùåíèé è ñáîðíèêà «Èçó÷åíèå è îõðàíàáîëüøîãî è ìàëîãî ïîäîðëèêîâ â Ñåâåð-íîé Åâðàçèè». Ðàáî÷èé ÿçûê êîíôåðåíöèè– ðóññêèé. Òåçèñû îáú¸ìîì äî 400 ñëîâïðèíèìàþòñÿ äî 15 íîÿáðÿ 2007 ã.

Êîíòàêò (5).

(4) Contact:

Barbara SchultzAlfred ToepferAkademie furNaturschutzVeranstaltungsorganisationCamp Reinsehlen29640 SchneverdingenDeutschlandtel.: (05198) 98 90 76fax: (05198) 98 90 95

(5) Êîíòàêò:

Âëàäèìèð ÌåëüíèêîâÊàôåäðà çîîëîãèèÈâÃÓÐîññèÿ153002 Èâàíîâîïð-ò Ëåíèíà, [email protected]

(5) Contact:

Vladimir MelnikovDepartment of ZoologyIvanovo StateUnivercityLenina str., 136153002 Ivanovo [email protected]

Contraband�of�Falcons

КОНТРАБАНДАСОКОЛОВ

Âå÷åðîì 8 àâãóñòà â ñåìè êèëîìåòðàõ îòîçåðà Òîðå-Õîëü (Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà) äè-ðåêòîð Öåíòðà ñïàñåíèÿ äèêèõ æèâîò-íûõ (Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ) Ñåðãåé Ãàíóñåâè÷ïðè ïîääåðæêå WWF âûïóñòèë â äèêóþïðèðîäó ñîêîëà-áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug),çàäåðæàííîãî ñàìàðñêîé òàìîæíåé4.

Ãîäîâàëàÿ ñàìêà ñîêîëà áûëà èçúÿòà ñî-òðóäíèêàìè Ñàìàðñêîé òàìîæíè ó èíîñòðàí-íîãî ãðàæäàíèíà, êîòîðûé ïûòàëñÿ âûâåçòèïàðòèþ ïòèö â îäíó èç ñðåäíåàçèàòñêèõñòðàí. Ñîêîëà äîñòàâèëè â Öåíòð ñïàñåíèÿäèêèõ æèâîòíûõ (Ìîñêâà) äëÿ ðåàáèëèòà-öèè.  õîäå ñëåäñòâèÿ óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òîïòèöà áûëà ïîéìàíà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîìðåãèîíå, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì áûëî ïðèíÿòî ðå-øåíèå îòïóñòèòü ñîêîëà â Òóâå.

Director of the Wild Life Rescue CenterSergey Ganusevich (Moscow, Russia) withWWF support released the Saker (Falco

cherrug), confiscated by Samara customsinto the wild in 7 km from the Tore-HolLake (Tuva Republic, Russia) in eveningon 8th August4.

One-year old female of the Saker was con-fiscated by officers of the Samara customsfrom foreign person who tried a party ofbirds to bring out to a country of CentralAsia. Falcons were transported to the WildLife Rescue Center (Moscow) for rehabilita-tion. During investigation it was establishedthat the bird has been caught in the Altai-Sayan Region, therefore the falcon was de-cided to release in Tuva.

The bird was freed near the Tore-Hol Lake,where international seminal on transbound-ary Protected Areas was held. Contact (6).

(6) Êîíòàêò:

Åêàòåðèíà ËóêîíèíàÏðåññ ñåêðåòàðüÀëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãîîòäåëåíèÿ WWFòåë.: +7 (3912) 27 81 99ôàêñ:+7(3912) 27 81 94

Ekaterina LukoninaPress-attacheWWF Altai-Sayanbranchtel.: +7 (3912) 27 81 99fax: +7 (3912) 27 81 94

4 http://www.wwf.ru/news/article/3187

Page 8: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

ÑîáûòèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 108

The person of Russia (living in Barnaul)with Syrian origin trying to bring out 11young gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) was ar-rested in Pevek (Chukotka, Russia) on 8September.

The main part of birds had white plum-age. The all of falcons were released intothe wild by officers of militia at presence ofscientific experts at vicinities of Pevek.

A citizen of Semey (Semipalatinsk, Kaza-khstan) tried to transport sakers (Falco

cherrug) in his vehicle through a policypost in Alacol region of the Almaty dis-trict (Kazakhstan) on 28 September5.

Following in a southern direction the driv-er of a «Niva» vehicle ignored the require-ment of inspectors of the traffic police ofstationary post «Rubezh-Usharal» to stop.The action of the driver was induced po-licemen to pursue him on a highway andthen on the territory with absence of roads.

Sended operative-investigatory groupfound packages with hard bound birds atsurvey the vehicle route. The arrested driv-er refused them.

A certificate of a police officer in a rank ofthe colonel and police equipment werefound among documents presented by thedetained driver.

Sakers as material evidences were impris-oned in the Alakol regional department ofpolice. The criminal action was brought onthe fact of smuggling. Contact (7).

8 ñåíòÿáðÿ â ã. Ïåâåêå (×óêîòêà, Ðîñ-ñèÿ) áûë çàäåðæàí ãðàæäàíèí Ðîññèè(æèòåëü ã. Áàðíàóë) ñèðèéñêîãî ïðîèñ-õîæäåíèÿ, ïûòàâøèéñÿ âûâåçòè 11 ìî-ëîäûõ êðå÷åòîâ (Falco rusticolus).

Áîëüøèíñòâî ïòèö áûëè áåëûìè êðå÷å-òàìè. Âñå ñîêîëà áûëè âûïóùåíû â ïðèðî-äó ìèëèöèåé â ïðèñóòñòâèè ñïåöèàëèñòîââ îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Ïåâåêà.

28 ñåíòÿáðÿ â Àëàêîëüñêîì ðàéîíå Àë-ìàòèíñêîé îáëàñòè (Êàçàõñòàí) æèòåëüã. Ñåìåé (Ñåìèïàëàòèíñê) ïûòàëñÿ ïðî-âåçòè â ñâîåé àâòîìàøèíå ÷åðåç ïîëèöåé-ñêèé êîðäîí áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug) 5.

Ñëåäóÿ â þæíîì íàïðàâëåíèè, âîäèòåëüàâòîìàøèíû «Íèâà» ïðîèãíîðèðîâàë òðå-áîâàíèå èíñïåêòîðîâ äîðîæíîé ïîëèöèèñòàöèîíàðíîãî ïîñòà «Ðóáåæ-Óøàðàë» îñ-òàíîâèòüñÿ. Ïîñòóïîê âîäèòåëÿ çàñòàâèë ïî-ëèöåéñêèõ ïðåñëåäîâàòü åãî ïî àâòîìàãè-ñòðàëè, à ïîòîì è ïî áåçäîðîæüþ.

Âûçâàííàÿ îïåðàòèâíî-ñëåäñòâåííàÿãðóïïà ïðè îñìîòðå ïóòè ñëåäîâàíèÿ îá-íàðóæèëà ñâ¸ðòêè, â êîòîðûõ íàõîäèëèñüòóãî ñâÿçàííûå ïòèöû. Çàäåðæàííûé îò íèõîòêàçàëñÿ.

 ÷èñëå äîêóìåíòîâ, ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ çà-äåðæàííûì âîäèòåëåì, îêàçàëîñü óäîñòî-âåðåíèå ñîòðóäíèêà ïðàâîîõðàíèòåëüíûõîðãàíîâ â ðàíãå ïîäïîëêîâíèêà, à òàêæåïîëèöåéñêèé æåçë è ìàÿêè.

Áàëîáàíû, êàê âåùåñòâåííûå äîêàçàòåëü-ñòâà, áûëè ïîìåùåíû â êàìåðó ïðåäâàðè-òåëüíîãî çàêëþ÷åíèÿ Àëàêîëüñêîãî ÐÎÂÄ.Ïî ôàêòó êîíòðàáàíäû âîçáóæäåíî óãî-ëîâíîå äåëî. Êîíòàêò (7).

Áåëûé êðå÷åò (Falco

rusticolus), çàäåðæàííûéâ ã. Ïåâåê (×óêîòêà, Ðîñ-ñèÿ). Ôîòî Ë. Áîâå

White Gyrfalcon (Falco

rusticolus) confiscated inPevek (Chukotka, Russia).Photo by L. Bove

Ïàðòèÿ áåëûõ êðå÷åòîâ, çàäåðæàííûõ â ã. Ïåâåê (×ó-êîòêà, Ðîññèÿ). Ôîòî Ë. Áîâå

Party of white Gyrfalcons confiscated in Pevek (Chuko-tka, Russia). Photo by L. Bove

Ïòèöà áûëà âûïóùåíà íà îç. Òîðå-Õîëü,ãäå ïðîõîäèë ìåæäóíàðîäíûé íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ñåìèíàð ïî òðàíñãðàíè÷íûìîñîáî îõðàíÿåìûì ïðèðîäíûì òåððèòî-ðèÿì (ÎÎÏÒ). Êîíòàêò (6).

5 http://inform.kz/showarticle.php?lang=rus&id=188137

Two attempts of illegal export of falconsincluded in the Red Data Book and Ap-pendices of CITES through customs ofRussia were registered6.

The officers of Federal Customs Service,Federal Service of Supervision in NatureManagement and Ministry of Inners of Rus-sia during checking actions were arrested a

(7) Êîíòàêò:

Êàìèëëà ÎìàðîâàÊàçàõñêîå èíôîðìàöè-îííîå àãåíòñòâî(Êàçèíôîðì)

Kamilla OmarovaKazakh InformationAgency (Kazinform)

Page 9: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Events Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 9

 ñåíòÿáðå-îêòÿáðå áûëè çàôèêñèðî-âàíû äâå ïîïûòêè íåçàêîííîãî âûâî-çà ÷åðåç òàìîæåííóþ ãðàíèöó Ðîññèèñîêîëîâ, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ ÊíèãóÐÔ è ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ îáúåêòàìè ÑÈÒÅÑ6.

25 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. â Ìîñêîâñêîé îá-ëàñòè â õîäå ïðîâåðî÷íûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèéñîòðóäíèêàìè Ôåäåðàëüíîé òàìîæåííîéñëóæáû, Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà è ÌÂÄ Ðîññèèáûë çàäåðæàí ãðàæäàíèí, êîòîðûé ïûòàë-ñÿ ïðîâåñòè íà àâòîìîáèëå 14 áàëîáàíîâ(Falco cherrug). Ïòèöû áûëè èñòîùåíû, îäíàèç íèõ ïîãèáëà. Êðîìå òîãî, ó çàäåðæàí-íîãî áûëè îáíàðóæåíû êîëüöà â êîëè÷å-ñòâå 16 øòóê, ïðèìåíÿåìûå äëÿ êîëüöåâà-íèÿ ïîéìàííûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, ñìàðêèðîâêîé îäíîãî èç ïèòîìíèêîâ. Ïîçàêëþ÷åíèþ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, ñîêîëû áûëèîòëîâëåíû íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêî-ãî ðåãèîíà. Ïî äàííîìó ôàêòó èíñïåêòî-ðàìè Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà áûë ñîñòàâëåíïðîòîêîë îá àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîì ïðàâîíà-ðóøåíèè ïî ñò.8.35 ÊîÀÏ ÐÔ «Óíè÷òîæå-íèå ðåäêèõ è íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ-÷åçíîâåíèÿ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ èëèðàñòåíèé», à 16 îêòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. Ôåäåðàëü-íîå óïðàâëåíèå Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà íàïðà-âèëî â ÃÓÂÄ Ìîñêîâñêîé îáëàñòè õîäàòàé-ñòâî î âîçáóæäåíèè óãîëîâíîãî äåëà.

Âòîðàÿ ïàðòèÿ ñîêîëîâ (5 áàëîáàíîâ è 1ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus)) áûëà èçúÿòàÁðÿíñêîé òàìîæíåé 9 îêòÿáðÿ ó òîãî æåãðàæäàíèíà, ñëåäîâàâøåãî íà ïîåçäå èçÌîñêâû â Êèåâ. Äâå ñóìêè ñ ïòèöàìè áûëèîáíàðóæåíû â êóïå îòäûõà ïðîâîäíèêîâ âòåõíè÷åñêèõ ïîëîñòÿõ. Ïî äàííîìó ôàêòóâîçáóæäåíî óãîëîâíîå äåëî ïî ÷.1 ñò.188ÓÊ ÐÔ («Êîíòðàáàíäà»).

 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âñå êîíôèñêîâàííûåïòèöû íàïðàâëåíû íà îòâåòñòâåííîå õðà-íåíèå â «Öåíòð ñïàñåíèÿ äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ».Ïîñëå ïðîõîæäåíèÿ ðåàáèëèòàöèè îíèáóäóò âûïóùåíû íà ñâîáîäó. Êîíòàêò (8).

 îêòÿáðå 2007 ã. â äâóõ çàêàçíèêàõ íàòåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (Ðîññèÿ)áûëè âûïóùåíû íà âîëþ áàëîáàíû(Falco cherrug)7.

38 ñîêîëîâ áàëîáàíîâ, âûðàùåííûõ âïèòîìíèêå «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí» â 2006 è â2007 ãã., âûïóùåíû íà òåððèòîðèè Êèñëó-õèíñêîãî è ×èíåòèíñêîãî çàêàçíèêîâ Àë-òàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Ýòî íå ïåðâûé âûïóñê ñî-êîëîâ íà òåððèòîðèè çàêàçíèêîâ. Òàê, â2006 ã. 20 ñîêîëîâ áàëîáàíîâ áûëè âûïó-

6 http://www.mnr.gov.ru/part/?act=more&id=4251&pid=116 http://www.customs.ru/ru/press/of_news/index.php?id286=162607 http://www.altaiinter.info/news/?id=17666

(8) Êîíòàêò:

Ïðåññ-ñëóæáà ÔÒÑ ÐÔòåë.: +7 (495) 449 72 52ôàêñ: +7 (495) 4497319Ïðåññ-ñëóæáà ÌÏÐ ÐÔòåë.: +7 (495) 254 16 00

person tried to transport 14 sakers (Falcocherrug) by car in the Moscow district on25 September 2007. Birds were week andone of them was died. Also the detainedperson had 16 ring used for caught raptorswith marks of RUAF. Following the conclu-sion of experts falcons were poached in theterritory of the Altai-Sayan region.

Inspectors of Federal Service of Supervi-sion in Nature Management drawn up a re-port about administrative offence and Fed-eral Direction of Federal Service ofSupervision in Nature Management appliedfor bringing the criminal action.

The second party of falcons (5 sakers and1 peregrine (Falco peregrinus) was confis-cated by Bryansk customs on 9 October fromthe same person going by train from Mos-cow to Kiev. Two bags with birds werefound in a compartment of rest of conduc-tors in technical cavities. The criminal ac-tion was brought on the fact of smuggling.

Now the confiscated birds were bring inthe Wild Life Rescue Center. After rehabili-tation they would be freed. Contact (8).

Sakers (Falco cherrug) were released intothe wild on the territory of two NatureProtected Areas (zakaznik), Altai Kray(Russia) on October 20077.

38 Sakers bred in captivity in the «Altai-Fal-con» Center in 2006–2007 were released onthe territories of Kisluhinskiy and ChinetinskiyNature Protected Areas in the Altai Kray. Itwas not the first event of releasing of sakerson the territories of protected areas. 20 sak-ers were freed on the territories of Mamon-tovskiy, Kisluhinskiy, Charyshskiy and Chine-tinskiy protected areas in 2006. Every year thecenter releases captive bred falcons into thewild, now more than 200 falcons were freed.

Çàäåðæàííûå ñîêîëà. Ôîòî Ïðåññ-ñëóæáû ÔÒÑ ÐÔ

Confiscated falcons. Photo by Press-service of RussianFederal Custom

Page 10: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

ÑîáûòèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1010

ùåíû íà òåððèòîðèè Ìàìîíòîâñêîãî, Êèñ-ëóõèíñêîãî, ×àðûøñêîãî è ×èíåòèíñêîãîçàêàçíèêîâ. Âûïóñê ñîêîëîâ, âûðàùåííûõâ ïèòîìíèêå, ïðîèñõîäèò åæåãîäíî, è îá-ùåå ÷èñëî âûïóùåííûõ ïòèö äàâíî ïåðå-âàëèëî çà äâå ñîòíè.

Ñîòðóäíèêè ïèòîìíèêà ðåãóëÿðíî âñòðå-÷àþò âûïóùåííûõ ðàíåå ïòèö íà òåððèòî-ðèè êðàÿ. Òàê, èç 15 áàëîáàíîâ, âûïóùåí-íûõ â 2005 ã., ïðèìåðíî ïîëîâèíóâñòðå÷àëè íà òåððèòîðèè 200-êèëîìåòðî-âîé çîíû âîêðóã Áàðíàóëà. Âèäèìî, òî, ÷òîïòèöû íå îòêî÷åâàëè íà þã, ñâÿçàíî ñ äîñ-òàòî÷íî ïîçäíèì ñðîêîì èõ âûïóñêà. Òåìíå ìåíåå, ïòèöû ÷óâñòâîâàëè ñåáÿ ïðå-êðàñíî. Êîíòàêò (9).

Employees of the center regularly notebirds freed on the territory of the Kray earli-er. So, about a half of 15 sakers that releasedin 2005 were registered in the territory of200-km zone around of Barnaul. Probablybirds did not migrate to the south that wouldbe connected with late time of their release.Nevertheless health of birds were perfect.

Contact (9).

(9) Êîíòàêò:

Âèêòîð ÏëîòíèêîâÏèòîìíèê ðåäêèõ ïòèö«Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí»Çàì. äèðåêòîðà[email protected]

Victor PlotnikovThe Center of the Rare«Altai-Falcon»Deputy [email protected]

2nd�INTERNATIONAL�PEREGRINE�FALCON�CONFERENCE�Held

at�Piotrowo�/�Poznan�in�Poland�19�–�22nd�September�2007

RESOLUTIONS

РЕЗОЛЮЦИЯ2-ЙМЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙКОНФЕРЕНЦИИПОСОКОЛУ-САПСАНУ,ПРОХОДИВШЕЙВПИОТРОВО(ПОЗНАНЬ)ВПОЛЬШЕ19–22-ОГОСЕНТЯБРЯ2007Г.

ÐÅØÅÍÈÅ 2:ÑÎÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ ÌÈÃÐÈÐÓÞÙÈÕ ÑÎÊÎËÎÂ-ÑÀÏ-

ÑÀÍÎÂ È ÄÐÓÃÈÕ ÕÈÙÍÛÕ ÏÒÈÖ

ÏÐÈÇÍÀÂÀß, ÷òî ñîêîë-ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus)äåéñòâèòåëüíî ÿâëÿåòñÿ õèùíîé ïòèöåé – êîñìîïîëè-òîì, êîòîðàÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ôëàãîâûì âèäîì äèêîé ïðèðî-äû è îõðàíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû â ìèðå;

ÎÒÌÅ×Àß, ÷òî ñîêîë-ñàïñàí ìèãðèðóåò ïî âñåìó îá-øèðíîìó àðåàëó ñâîåãî îáèòàíèÿ, è ÷òî âèä íàõîäèò-ñÿ íà âåðøèíå ïèùåâîé ïèðàìèäû, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò èñ-ïîëüçîâàòü åãî êàê âèä-ìàðêåð äëÿ îïðåäåë¸ííûõòîêñè÷íûõ çàãðÿçíèòåëåé â îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå;

ÍÀÏÎÌÈÍÀß, ÷òî ñîêîë-ñàïñàí ïåðåæèë ñèëüíîåñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè (íî, ê ñ÷àñòüþ, îáðàòèìîå) â1950-õ – 1970-õ ãã. â áîëüøåé ÷àñòè ñâîåãî àðåàëà âÅâðîïå è Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêå, âûçâàííîå çàãðÿçíåíè-åì îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû;

ÍÀÏÎÌÈÍÀß, ÷òî Ñîãëàøåíèå ïî îõðàíå ìèãðè-ðóþùèõ âèäîâ äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ 1979 ã. (CMS) ïîîù-ðÿåò ìåæäóíàðîäíîå ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî ïî îõðàíå ìèã-ðèðóþùèõ âèäîâ;

ÏÐÈÍÈÌÀß âî âíèìàíèå, ÷òî ñîêîë-ñàïñàí, òàêæåêàê äðóãèå ìèãðèðóþùèå õèùíèêè, ÿâëÿåòñÿ âàæíîé÷àñòüþ ãëîáàëüíîãî áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ, êî-òîðîå, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ äóõîì Ñîãëàøåíèÿ ïî áèîëî-ãè÷åñêîìó ðàçíîîáðàçèþ 1992 ã. è Ïîâåñòêè äíÿ XXI,äîëæíî áûòü ñîõðàíåíî â ïîëüçó íàñòîÿùèõ è áóäó-ùèõ ïîêîëåíèé;

ÏÐÈÇÍÀÂÀß ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå, ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå, ãå-íåòè÷åñêèå, íàó÷íûå, ýñòåòè÷åñêèå, ðåãèîíàëüíûå,

RESOLUTION 2:CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY PEREGRINE FAL-

CONS AND OTHER BIRDS OF PREY

RECOGNISING that the Peregrine Falcon (Falco per-egrinus) is a truly cosmopolitan bird of prey, which actsas a flagship species for wildlife and environmental con-servation globally;

NOTING that the Peregrine Falcon is migratorythroughout most of its range and that the species’ crit-ical position near the top of its food chain enables it tobe used as a sentinel for certain toxic contaminants with-in the environment;

REMEMBERING that the Peregrine Falcon suffereddramatic (but fortunately reversible) declines during the1950s – 1970s across much of its range in Europe andNorth America caused by environmental pollutants;

RECALLING that the Convention on the Conservationof Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1979 (CMS) en-courages international cooperative action to conservemigratory species;

CONSIDERING that Peregrine Falcons, like other mi-gratory raptors, constitute an important part of the glo-bal biological diversity which, in keeping with the spiritof the Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 andAgenda 21, should be conserved for the benefit ofpresent and future generations;

AWARE of the environmental, ecological, genetic,scientific, aesthetic, recreational, cultural, educational,social and economic values of Peregrine Falcons andother raptors;

Page 11: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Events Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 11

CONSCIOUS that Peregrine Falcons, like many othermigratory raptors, may be particularly vulnerable dueto their habit of flying over very long distances and bybeing reliant on networks of fragile habitats that aredeclining in extent and becoming degraded throughunsustainable human activities;

CONVINCED that some form of multilateral agree-ment and its implementation through coordinated andconcerted action would contribute significantly to theconservation of Peregrine Falcons and other migratoryraptors, including their habitats, and would also deliverancillary benefits for many other species of animal andplant;

CONGRATULATES the Governments of the UnitedKingdom and the United Arab Emirates for sponsoringthe forthcoming Inter-Governmental Meeting (I-GM) tobe held in Scotland in October 2007 to consider theestablishment of a CMS instrument covering migratoryraptors in the African-Eurasian region;

URGES the delegates of the I-GM to work tirelesslyto secure international consensus and to take urgentmajor steps to develop an appropriate multilateral wayforward within a strict timetable.

RESOLUTION 3:THE PEREGRINE FALCON AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL

INDICATOR

RECOGNISING that the Peregrine Falcon holds a crit-ically important position near the top of the food chainthat enables it to be used as a sentinel for certain toxiccontaminants within the environment;

REMEMBERING that the Peregrine Falcon suffereddramatic (but fortunately reversible) declines during the1950s – 1970s across much of its range in Europe andNorth America caused by heavy metals and organo-chlorine residues originating from agricultural and for-estry pesticides;

ACKNOWLEDGING that many Peregrine Falcon pop-ulations throughout Europe have been routinely moni-tored, often intensively over many decades;

RECOGNISING that contamination still exists and newpollutants continue to enter into the environment ac-cumulating within free-living Peregrine Falcons withunknown consequences;

CONSIDERS that the Peregrine Falcon continues tobe a uniquely suitable species for long-term biologicaland environmental monitoring for the benefit of bothwildlife and human populations;

and,URGES the European Commission and national Gov-

ernments to:a) promote the regular and extensive chemical anal-

yses of biological samples obtained from free-livingPeregrine Falcons;

b) facilitate the development of standardised collec-tion and storage of biological samples obtained fromPeregrine Falcons;

êóëüòóðíûå, îáðàçîâàòåëüíûå, ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñ-êèå öåííîñòè ñîêîëà-ñàïñàíà è äðóãèõ õèùíèêîâ;

ÎÑÎÇÍÀÂÀß, ÷òî ñîêîë-ñàïñàí, êàê ìíîãèå äðóãèåìèãðèðóþùèå õèùíèêè, îñîáåííî óÿçâèì íà ïóòÿõïåðåë¸òà íà î÷åíü äëèííûå ðàññòîÿíèÿ è çàâèñèò îòñåòè ôðàãìåíòîâ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, êîòîðûå ñîêðàùà-þòñÿ è äåãðàäèðóþò èç-çà ðàçðóøèòåëüíîãî àíòðîïî-ãåííîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ;

ÓÁÅÆĨÍÍÛÅ â òîì, ÷òî íåêîòîðàÿ ôîðìà ìíîãî-ñòîðîííåãî ñîãëàøåíèÿ è åãî âûïîëíåíèå ÷åðåç ñêî-îðäèíèðîâàííîå è ñîâìåñòíîå äåéñòâèå âíåñëà áûçíà÷èòåëüíûé âêëàä â îõðàíó ñàïñàíà è äðóãèõ ìèã-ðèðóþùèõ õèùíèêîâ, âêëþ÷àÿ èõ ìåñòà îáèòàíèÿ, èòàêæå èìåëà áû äîïîëíèòåëüíûå âûãîäû äëÿ ìíîãèõäðóãèõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé;

ÏÎÇÄÐÀÂÈÒÜ Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè èÎáúåäèí¸ííûõ Àðàáñêèõ Ýìèðàòîâ çà ïîääåðæêóïðåäñòîÿùåé Ìåæïðàâèòåëüñòâåííîé Âñòðå÷è (I-GM),êîòîðàÿ ñîñòîèòñÿ â Øîòëàíäèè â îêòÿáðå 2007, äëÿîáñóæäåíèÿ ñîçäàíèÿ èíñòðóìåíòà CMS, îõâàòûâàþ-ùåãî ìèãðèðóþùèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö â Àôðèêàíñêî-Åâ-ðàçèéñêîì ðåãèîíå;

ÓÁÅÄÈÒÜ äåëåãàòîâ âñòðå÷è I-GM íåóòîìèìî ðàáî-òàòü äëÿ çàêëþ÷åíèÿ ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîãëàøåíèÿ èïðèíÿòèÿ ñðî÷íûõ ìåð ïî ðàçâèòèþ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùå-ãî ìíîãîñòîðîííåãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ â ïðåäåëàõ ñòðîãî-ãî ðàñïèñàíèÿ.

ÐÅØÅÍÈÅ 3:ÑÎÊÎË-ÑÀÏÑÀÍ ÊÀÊ ÈÍÄÈÊÀÒÎÐ ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈß

ÏÐÈÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÑÐÅÄÛ

ÏÐÈÇÍÀÂÀß, ÷òî ñîêîë-ñàïñàí ñîõðàíÿåò êðèòè÷åñ-êè âàæíóþ ïîçèöèþ íà âåðøèíå ïèùåâîé öåïè, êîòî-ðàÿ ïîçâîëÿåò èñïîëüçîâàòü åãî êàê ìàðêåð äëÿ îïðåäå-ë¸ííûõ òîêñè÷íûõ çàãðÿçíèòåëåé â îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå;

ÍÀÏÎÌÈÍÀß ÷òî ñîêîë-ñàïñàí ïåðåæèë ñèëüíîåñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè (íî, ê ñ÷àñòüþ, îáðàòèìîå) â1950-õ – 1970-õ ãã. â áîëüøåé ÷àñòè ñâîåãî àðåàëà âÅâðîïå è Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêå, âûçâàííîå òÿæ¸ëûìè ìå-òàëëàìè è õëîðîðãàíè÷åñêèìè ñîåäèíåíèÿìè, ïðèìå-íÿâøèìèñÿ â êà÷åñòâå ïåñòèöèäîâ â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿé-ñòâå è ëåñîâîäñòâå;

ÏÎÄÒÂÅÐÆÄÀß, ÷òî ìíîãèå ïîïóëÿöèè ñîêîëà-ñàï-ñàíà ïîâñþäó â Åâðîïå ðåãóëÿðíî ïðîâåðÿëèñü, ÷àñ-òî èíòåíñèâíî â òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ äåñÿòèëåòèé;

ÏÐÈÇÍÀÂÀß, ÷òî çàãðÿçíåíèå âñ¸ åù¸ ñóùåñòâóåò,è íîâûå çàãðÿçíèòåëè, ïðîäîëæàþùèå ïîñòóïàòü â îê-ðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó, íàêàïëèâàþòñÿ â æèâóùèõ â ïðè-ðîäå ñàïñàíàõ ñ íåèçâåñòíûìè ïîñëåäñòâèÿìè;

ÏÐÈÍßÒÜ âî âíèìàíèå, ÷òî ñîêîë-ñàïñàí îñòà¸ò-ñÿ âèäîì, óíèêàëüíî ïîäõîäÿùèì äëÿ äîëãîñðî÷íî-ãî áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî è ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî êîíòðîëÿ, äëÿïîëüçû äèêîé ïðèðîäû è äëÿ ïîëüçû ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãîñîîáùåñòâà;

è, ÓÁÅÄÈÒÜ Åâðîïåéñêóþ Êîìèññèþ è íàöèîíàëüíûåÏðàâèòåëüñòâà:

a) ïîääåðæàòü ðåãóëÿðíûå è âñåñòîðîííèå õèìè÷åñ-

Page 12: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

ÑîáûòèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1012

c) sponsor the establishment of a long-term Europe-an-wide library of these biological samples for appro-priate chemical analyses now and in the future.

RESOLUTION 4:RESTORATION OF TREE-NESTING PEREGRINE FAL-

CONS IN THEIR FORMER EUROPEAN RANGE

RECOGNISING that, due to concerted and sustainedmulti-national conservation actions. Peregrine Falconpopulations in many areas of Europe have now recov-ered from the major biocide-induced declines of themid-twentieth Century albeit with uncertain status insome areas of its global range;

ACKNOWLEDGING that as a result of these positivechanges to the overall conservation status of this spe-cies across much of its range in Europe it is no longerconsidered as “threatened” under IUCN criteria;

RECALLING that the tree-nesting Peregrine Falconsformerly composed of an estimated 4,000 breedingpairs, then extirpated and is now only 20 pairs achievedthrough restoration;

CONCERNED that despite significant proactive resto-ration efforts, particularly in Germany and Poland, thetree-nesting Peregrine Falcons remains extirpated frommost of a formerly extensive area, especially parts ofGermany, Poland, Russia, Belarus and the Baltic States;

ENCOURAGES continued and increasing effort to befocused on reestablishing tree-nesting Peregrine Falconsthroughout the whole of its former breeding range;

REQUESTS the national Governments, non-Govern-mental organisations and the European Commission tosupport the re-establishment of tree-nesting PeregrineFalcons;

URGES BirdLife International to recognise the conser-vation value of European tree-nesting Peregrine Falconswith the aim of highlighting their unique and threat-ened status.

DECISION 1:ESTABLISHING AN EUROPEAN PEREGRINE FALCON

WORKING GROUPRECOGNISING that there are many different national,

regional and local specialist raptor groups and individ-uals involved in studying various aspects of the biolo-gy and conservation of the Peregrine Falcon;

ACKNOWLEDGING that many of these groups andindividuals have gathered extensive field experienceof the species and have compiled significant knowl-edge and understanding, often over many decades;

CONSCIOUS of the potentially significant conserva-tion, scientific and resource benefits to be gained byimproved communication, cooperation and co-ordina-tion between these groups and individuals, especiallyinternationally;

IDENTIFIED the urgent need to develop an overarch-ing multilateral organization for the study and conser-vation of the Peregrine Falcon to be known as the Euro-pean Peregrine Falcon Working Group (EPFWG);

êèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ, ïîëó÷åí-íûõ îò æèâóùèõ â ïðèðîäå ñîêîëîâ-ñàïñàíîâ;

b) ñîäåéñòâîâàòü ñîçäàíèþ ñòàíäàðòèçèðîâàííîãîñáîðà è õðàíåíèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ, ïîëó÷åí-íûõ îò ñîêîëîâ-ñàïñàíîâ;

c) ôèíàíñèðîâàòü ñîçäàíèå äîëãîñðî÷íîé îáùååâ-ðîïåéñêîé áèáëèîòåêè ýòèõ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâäëÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ õèìè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé â íà-ñòîÿùåì è â áóäóùåì.

ÐÅØÅÍÈÅ 4:ÂÎÑÑÒÀÍÎÂËÅÍÈÅ ÏÎÏÓËßÖÈÈ ÄÐÅÂÅÑÍÎÃÍÅÇ-

ÄßÙÈÕÑß ÑÎÊÎËÎÂ-ÑÀÏÑÀÍÎÂ Â ÏÐÅÄÅËÀÕ ÈÕÏÐÅÆÍÅÃÎ ÀÐÅÀËÀ Â ÅÂÐÎÏÅ

ÏÐÈÇÍÀÂÀß, ÷òî, áëàãîäàðÿ ñîâìåñòíûì è ïðîäîë-æèòåëüíûì ìíîãîíàöèîíàëüíûì ïðèðîäîîõðàííûìäåéñòâèÿì, ïîïóëÿöèè ñîêîëà-ñàïñàíà âî ìíîãèõ îá-ëàñòÿõ Åâðîïû òåïåðü âîññòàíîâèëèñü ïîñëå çíà÷èòåëü-íîãî ñíèæåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè, âûçâàííîãî áèîöèäîìñåðåäèíû äâàäöàòîãî ñòîëåòèÿ, õîòÿ è ñ íåîïðåäåë¸í-íûì ñòàòóñîì â íåêîòîðûõ îáëàñòÿõ åãî àðåàëà;

ÏÎÄÒÂÅÐÆÄÀß, ÷òî â ðåçóëüòàòå ýòèõ ïîëîæèòåëüíûõèçìåíåíèé ïðèðîäîîõðàííûé ñòàòóñ ýòîãî âèäà â áîëü-øîé ÷àñòè àðåàëà åãî îáèòàíèÿ â Åâðîïå áîëüøå íå ÿâ-ëÿåòñÿ «óãðîæàåìûì», ñîãëàñíî êðèòåðèÿì IUCN;

ÍÀÏÎÌÈÍÀß, ÷òî ïîïóëÿöèÿ ñàïñàíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõ-ñÿ íà äåðåâüÿõ, ïðåæäå íàñ÷èòûâàëà ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî4000 ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð, çàòåì áûëà èñòðåáëåíà,è òåïåðü, áëàãîäàðÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèþ, èñ÷èñëÿåòñÿ òîëü-êî 20 ïàðàìè;

ÂÛÐÀÇÈ îçàáî÷åííîñòü òåì, ÷òî, íåñìîòðÿ íà ñóùå-ñòâåííûå ïðåâåíòèâíûå óñèëèÿ ïî âîññòàíîâëåíèþ, îñî-áåííî â Ãåðìàíèè è Ïîëüøå, ñàïñàíû, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ íàäåðåâüÿõ, îòñóòñòâóþò íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè ïðåæäå îáøèð-íîãî àðåàëà, îñîáåííî íà òåððèòîðèè Ãåðìàíèè,Ïîëüøè, Ðîññèè, Áåëîðóññèè è Áàëòèéñêèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ;

ÏÎÎÙÐÈÒÜ íåïðåðûâíûå è âîçðàñòàþùèå óñèëèÿïî âîññòàíîâëåíèþ ïîïóëÿöèé ñàïñàíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõ-ñÿ íà äåðåâüÿõ, ïîâñþäó ïî âñåìó èõ ïðåæíåìó àðå-àëó ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ;

ÏÐÎÑÈÒÜ íàöèîíàëüíûå Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà, íåïðàâè-òåëüñòâåííûå îðãàíèçàöèè è åâðîïåéñêóþ Êîìèññèþïîääåðæàòü âîññòàíîâëåíèå ñàïñàíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íàäåðåâüÿõ;

ÓÁÅÄÈÒÜ BirdLife International ïðèçíàòü öåííîñòüîõðàíû åâðîïåéñêèõ ñàïñàíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà äåðå-âüÿõ, ñ öåëüþ âûäâèæåíèÿ íà ïåðâûé ïëàí èõ óíèêàëü-íîãî è óãðîæàåìîãî ñòàòóñà.

ÐÅØÅÍÈÅ 1:Ó×ÐÅÆÄÅÍÈÅ ÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÊÎÉ ÐÀÁÎ×ÅÉ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ

ÏÎ ÑÎÊÎËÓ-ÑÀÏÑÀÍÓÏÐÈÇÍÀÂÀß ñóùåñòâîâàíèå ìíîãèõ ðàçëè÷íûõ íà-

öèîíàëüíûõ, ðåãèîíàëüíûõ è ìåñòíûõ ãðóïï îðíèòî-ëîãîâ è îòäåëüíûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, èçó÷àþùèõ ðàçëè÷-íûå àñïåêòû áèîëîãèè è îõðàíû ñîêîëà-ñàïñàíà;

ÏÎÄÒÂÅÐÆÄÀß, ÷òî ìíîãèå èç íèõ èìåþò îáøèð-íûé ïîëåâîé îïûò è çíà÷èòåëüíûå çíàíèÿ î âèäå, íà-êîïëåííûå ÷àñòî â òå÷åíèå ìíîãèõ äåñÿòèëåòèé;

Page 13: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Events Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 13

ACCORDINGLY delegates unanimously agreed thefollowing significant initial steps towards achieving thisgoal by:

a) establishing a Founding Members Committee (FMC)to drive forward the EPFWG initiative consisting of:

Janusz Sielicki-Poland (Chairman)Matyas Prommer – HungarySlavka Siryova – SlovakiaNick P. Williams – United Kingdomb) tasking the FMC with a preliminary objective to

draft a formal constitution and rules for membership byorganizations and individuals;

FINALLY, delegates urged all specialist groups andinterested individuals to support this important inter-national Peregrine Falcon study and conservation initi-ative by contacting the FMC viawww.falcoperegrinus.net to register their wish to jointhe EPFWG and to contribute to its future activities.

DECISION 2:POTENTIAL FUTURE PROJECTS FOR THE EPFWG

FURTHERMORE delegates proposed three potentialfuture projects for the EPFWG to take forward, as fol-lows:

(i) To compile a pan-European register of existing colorand code ringing schemes involving Peregrine Falcons,and to develop a mechanism to co-ordinate these andsimilar future schemes to ensure that all falcons areuniquely colour-ringed and therefore potentially iden-tifiable in the field;

(ii) To promote the development of standardised pro-tocols for the collection and storage of biological sam-ples obtained from Peregrine Falcons; to encourage theregular and extensive chemical analyses of these bio-logical samples; and, to support the establishment of along-term pan-European library of these biological sam-ples for appropriate chemical analyses now and in thefuture;

(iii) To explore the feasibility of establishing a multi-national project to fit satellite transmitters to wild Per-egrine Falcons originating from key areas within North,West, Central and Southern Europe.

ÎÑÎÇÍÀÂÀß ïîòåíöèàëüíî âàæíóþ ïðèðîäîîõðàí-íóþ, íàó÷íóþ è ðåñóðñíóþ ïîëüçó, êîòîðàÿ ìîæåòáûòü ïîëó÷åíà ïðè íàëàæèâàíèè êîììóíèêàöèè, ñî-òðóäíè÷åñòâà è êîîðäèíàöèè ìåæäó ýòèìè ãðóïïàìèè ñïåöèàëèñòàìè, îñîáåííî ðàçíûõ ñòðàí;

ÎÏÐÅÄÅËßß ñðî÷íóþ ïîòðåáíîñòü ðàçâèâàòü ìíî-ãîñòîðîííþþ îðãàíèçàöèþ ïî èññëåäîâàíèþ è îõðà-íå ñîêîëà-ñàïñàíà, êîòîðàÿ áóäåò èçâåñòíà êàê åâðî-ïåéñêàÿ Ðàáî÷àÿ ãðóïïà ïî ñîêîëó-ñàïñàíó (EPFWG);

 ÑÂßÇÈ Ñ ÝÒÈÌ äåëåãàòû åäèíîäóøíî îïðåäåëèëèñëåäóþùèå íàèáîëåå âàæíûå ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûå äåé-ñòâèÿ ïî äîñòèæåíèþ ýòîé öåëè:

à) ñîçäàíèå Ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ Êîìèòåòà ×ëåíîâ (FMC),÷òîáû óïðàâëÿòü äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ EPFWG, ñîñòîÿùåãî èç:

Janusz Sielicki – Ïîëüøà (Ïðåäñåäàòåëü)Matyas Prommer – ÂåíãðèÿSlavka Siryova – ÑëîâàêèÿNick P. Williams – Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿá) óïðàâëåíèå çàäà÷àìè FMC ñ ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîé öå-

ëüþ ïîäãîòîâèòü îôèöèàëüíóþ êîíñòèòóöèþ è ïðàâè-ëà îðãàíèçàöèîííîãî è ïåðñîíàëüíîãî ÷ëåíñòâà;

ÍÀÊÎÍÅÖ, äåëåãàòû ðåêîìåíäóþò âñåì ãðóïïàìñïåöèàëèñòîâ è èíòåðåñóþùèìñÿ ëþäÿì ïîääåðæàòüýòó âàæíóþ ìåæäóíàðîäíóþ èíèöèàòèâó ïî èññëåäî-âàíèþ è îõðàíå ñîêîëà-ñàïñàíà, ñâÿçàâøèñü ñ FMC÷åðåç ñàéò www.falcoperegrinus.net äëÿ ðåãèñòðàöèèèõ æåëàíèÿ ïðèñîåäèíèòüñÿ ê EPFWG è âíåñòè ñâîéâêëàä â åãî áóäóùóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü.

ÐÅØÅÍÈÅ 2:ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÛÅ ÁÓÄÓÙÈÅ ÏÐÎÅÊÒÛ ÄËß EPFWG

ÊÐÎÌÅ ÒÎÃÎ, äåëåãàòû ïðåäëîæèëè òðè âîçìîæíûõáóäóùèõ ïðîåêòà äëÿ EPFWG:

(i) Ñîáðàòü îáùååâðîïåéñêèé ðåãèñòð ñóùåñòâóþ-ùèõ îêðàñîê è ñõåì êîäîâ êîëåö, ïðèìåíÿåìûõ äëÿñàïñàíîâ, è ðàçâèâàòü ìåõàíèçì êîîðäèíàöèè ýòèõ èïîäîáíûõ ñõåì â áóäóùåì äëÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèè ñîêî-ëîâ â ïîëåâûõ óñëîâèÿõ áëàãîäàðÿ óíèêàëüíîé îêðàñ-êå êîëüöà;

(ii) Ïðîäâèãàòü ðàçâèòèå ñòàíäàðòèçèðîâàííûõ ïðî-òîêîëîâ äëÿ ñîáðàíèÿ è õðàíåíèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îá-ðàçöîâ, ïîëó÷åííûõ îò æèâóùèõ â ïðèðîäå ñîêîëîâ-ñàïñàíîâ; ïîîùðÿòü ðåãóëÿðíûå è âñåñòîðîííèåõèìè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ýòèõ îáðàçöîâ; ïîääåðæàòüó÷ðåæäåíèå äîëãîñðî÷íîé îáùååâðîïåéñêîé áèáëèî-òåêè ýòèõ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îáðàçöîâ äëÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþ-ùèõ õèìè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé òåïåðü è â áóäóùåì;

(iii) Èññëåäîâàòü âûïîëíèìîñòü ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ ìíîãî-íàöèîíàëüíîãî ïðîåêòà ïî ìå÷åíèþ ñïóòíèêîâûìè ïå-ðåäàò÷èêàìè äèêèõ ñàïñàíîâ, ïðîèñõîäÿùèõ èç êëþ-÷åâûõ îáëàñòåé â ïðåäåëàõ Ñåâåðíîé, Çàïàäíîé,Öåíòðàëüíîé è Þæíîé Åâðîïû.

Ñàìêà ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) íà ãíåçäåñ ïòåíöàìè. Ôîòî Å. Ïîòàïîâà

Female of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in thenest with chicks. Photo by E. Potapov

Page 14: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1014

 2005 ãîäó Öåíòðîì ñîäåéñòâèÿ «Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîé ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè» (ÖÑ«ÂÓÝÑ») è Ýêîöåíòðîì «Äðîíò» áûëà ðàç-ðàáîòàíà Ïðîãðàììà «Âîññòàíîâëåíèå÷èñëåííîñòè õèùíûõ ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèèÑàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè íà 2005 – 2010 ãã.», âêîòîðîé ïðåäóñìîòðåíû îáøèðíûå áèî-òåõíè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, âûÿâëåíèå èñîõðàíåíèå êëþ÷åâûõ ìåñò îáèòàíèÿ ðåä-êèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö è ò.ï. Ê ñîæàëå-íèþ, áþäæåò äàííîé ïðîãðàììû äî ñèõïîð íå óòâåðæä¸í Àäìèíèñòðàöèåé Ñà-ìàðñêîé îáëàñòè, è ñòàáèëüíîå ôèíàí-ñèðîâàíèå îòñóòñòâóåò.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì,îñóùåñòâëåíèå äàííîé ïðîãðàììû ìîæåòçàòÿíóòüñÿ, îäíàêî îòäåëüíûå ðàáîòû âû-ïîëíÿþòñÿ â òåêóùåì ãîäó.

Ê êîíöó ïîëåâîãî ñåçîíà 2007 ã. îáñëå-äîâàíà áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü òåððèòîðèè Ñàìàð-

Êîíòàêò:

Àëåêñåé ÏàæåíêîâÖåíòð ñîäåéñòâèÿ«Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîéýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè»Ðîññèÿ 443045Ñàìàðà, à/ÿ [email protected]://econet.universite.ru

Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: +7 (831) 4333 [email protected]

The all territory of the Samara district wassurveyed by the end of field season of 2007and the modern data of raptor numberswere recorded. We found new breeding ter-ritories of several species included in the RedData Book such as White-Tailed Eagle(Haliaeetus albicilla) and Imperial Eagle (Aq-uila heliaca)(fig. 1).

Monitoring the territory we revealed toincrease numbers of the Imperial Eagle, theWhite-Tailed Eagle and little owls and fal-cons with installing nesting platforms andnest-boxes.

We installed 59 nesting platforms (46 –for the Imperial Eagle and 13 – for theWhite-Tailed Eagle) and the same numberof nest-boxes in four administrative re-gions of the Samara district by the end ofAugust (fig. 2).

For increasing the number of Tawny Owl(Strix aluco), Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) andlittle falcons we made and installed 60 nest-boxes of three types (fig. 4, 5).

We are going to check installed artificialnests in spring 2008.

Raptors� Conservation

ОХРАНА� ПЕРНАТЫХ� ХИЩНИКОВ

Actions�on�Installing�of�Artificial�Nests�for�Raptors

in�the�Samara�District,�Russia

МЕРОПРИЯТИЯПОПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЮПЕРНАТЫХХИЩНИКОВВИСКУССТВЕННЫЕГНЕЗДОВЬЯВСАМАРСКОЙОБЛАСТИ,РОССИЯ

Pazhenkov�A.S.�(The�Volga-Ural�ECONET�Assistance�Center,�Samara,�Russia)

Karyakin�I.V.�(Center�for�Field�Studies,�N.Novgorod,�Russia)

Пажен�ов�А.С.�(Центр�содействия�Вол�о-Уральс�ой�э�оло�ичес�ой�сети,

Самара,�Россия)

Каря�ин�И.В.�(Центр�полевых�исследований,�Н.Нов�ород,�Россия)

Ðèñ. 1. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà (Haliaeetus albicilla) è îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà(Aquila heliaca) â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè

Fig. 1. Distribution of breeding teritories of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the Imperial Ea-gle (Aquila heliaca) in the Samara District

Page 15: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Conservation Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 15

ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, ïðè÷åì ÷èñëåííîñòü ïóñ-òåëüãè ñîêðàùàåòñÿ.

Îáñëåäîâàíèå òåððèòîðèè ïîêàçàëî, ÷òîóâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè âñåõ âûøåïåðå-÷èñëåííûõ âèäîâ âîçìîæíî ñ ïîìîùüþáèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé.

Ê ñåíòÿáðþ â ÷åòûð¸õ àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõðàéîíàõ Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè íà âûÿâëåí-íûõ ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ îáèòàíèÿ ðåä-êèõ ïòèö áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî 59 ãíåçäîâûõïëàòôîðì è ðàçâåøåíî 60 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùè-êîâ (ðèñ. 2).

Äëÿ ìîãèëüíèêà áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî 46ãíåçäîâûõ ïëàòôîðì â ñåâåðíîé ëåñîñòåï-íîé ÷àñòè îáëàñòè. Ïîñêîëüêó îñíîâíîéôàêòîð, ëèìèòèðóþùèé ÷èñëåííîñòü ýòî-ãî îðëà, – îñêóäåíèå êîðìîâîé áàçû â ñâÿ-çè ñ ñîêðàùåíèåì ÷èñëåííîñòè áîëüøîãî

Ðèñ. 2. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåèñêóññòâåííûõ ãí¸çä, ïî-ñòðîåííûõ äëÿ îðëîâ,ñîâ è ñîêîëîâ â Ñàìàðñ-êîé îáëàñòè â 2007 ã.

Fig. 2. Distribution of arti-ficial nests erected for theeagles, owls and falconsin the Samara District in2007

Ðèñ. 3. Ãíåçäîâûå ïëàòôîðìû äëÿ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà(1–2) íà òîïîëå è îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà (3–4) íà äóáå. ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

Fig. 3. Nesting platform for the White-Tailed Eagle(1–2) on a poplar tree and for the Imperial Eagle(3–4) on an oak tree. Photos by I. Karyakin

Contact:

Aleksey PazhenkovThe Volga-Ural ECONETAssistance CentreP.O. Box 8001 SamaraRussia [email protected]://econet.universite.ru

Igor KaryakinCenter of Field StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: +7 (831) 4333 [email protected]

ñêîé îáëàñòè è ïîëó÷åíû ñîâðåìåííûåîöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ,âûÿâëåíû íîâûå ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ òàêèõâèäîâ, âíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ðîññèè,êàê îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla) èìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca) (ðèñ. 1).  íà-ñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè âûÿâ-ëåíî 88 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâìîãèëüíèêà è 72 ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêà îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà, à÷èñëåííîñòü êàæäîãî èç ýòèõâèäîâ îöåíåíà â 90–100 ãíåç-äÿùèõñÿ ïàð, ïðè÷¸ì åù¸ èìå-åòñÿ çàïàñ ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ìå-ñòîîáèòàíèé, íåçàñåë¸ííûõýòèìè õèùíûìè ïòèöàìè ïîðÿäó ïðè÷èí. Àíàëîãè÷íûìîáðàçîì âûãëÿäèò ñèòóàöèÿ ññîâàìè-äóïëîãí¸çäíèêàìè èìåëêèìè ñîêîëàìè. Âèêàðèðó-þùèå äðóã ñ äðóãîì âèäû íå-ÿñûòåé – ñåðàÿ (Strix aluco) èäëèííîõâîñòàÿ (Strix uralensis)äîñòèãàþò îïòèìàëüíîé ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè â þæíîé è ñåâåðíîé÷àñòÿõ îáëàñòè ñîîòâåòñòâåí-íî, à èõ ÷èñëåííîñòü îöåíèâà-åòñÿ â 700–1100 è 2000–2600ïàð, ïðè÷¸ì åñëè ÷èñëåííîñòüïåðâîé ñîêðàùàåòñÿ, òî ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü ïîñëåäíåé ðàñò¸ò.Ïóñòåëüãà îáûêíîâåííàÿ (Falcotinnunculus) è êîá÷èê (Falcovespertinus) äîñòèãàþò ìàêñè-ìàëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè â ñòåï-íîé çîíå, áåäíîé ëåñîì, ãäåèñïûòûâàþò ÿâíûé ëèìèò ìåñòäëÿ óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä, à èõ îá-ùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü â îáëàñòèîöåíèâàåòñÿ â 4000–6000 è1500–2000 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð

Page 16: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1016

Ðèñ. 5. Ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêèäëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íå-ÿñûòè (Strix uralensis)

(ñëåâà) è ìåëêèõ ñîêîëîâ(ñïðàâà). Ôîòî À. Ïà-æåíêîâàFig. 5. Nest-boxes for UralOwl (Strix uralensis) (left)and little falcons(right). Photos by A.Pazhenkov

Ðèñ. 4. Ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêèäëÿ ìåëêèõ ñîêîëîâ (1),ñåðîé (Strix aluco) (2) èäëèííîõâîñòîé (Strix

uralensis) (3) íåÿñûòåé.Ôîòî À. Ïàæåíêîâà

Fig. 4. Nest-boxes for lit-tle falcons (1), Tawny Owl(Strix aluco) (2) and UralOwl (Strix uralensis) (3).Photos by A. Pazhenkov

ñóñëèêà (Spermophilus major) è ñóðêà(Marmotta bobac), ìû íàäååìñÿ íà óñïåø-íîå çàñåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ ïëàòôîðì, óñòà-íîâëåííûõ â íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòèîò îñòàâøèõñÿ ó÷àñòêîâ êîíöåíòðèðîâàí-íîãî âûïàñà, ãäå ñîõðàíÿþòñÿ êîëîíèè ãðû-çóíîâ-íîðíèêîâ. Ãëàâíûì êðèòåðèåì âû-áîðà ãíåçäîâîãî äåðåâà áûëî åãîïîëîæåíèå, îáåñïå÷èâàþùåå óäîáíûéïîäë¸ò è îáçîð êîðìîâîãî ó÷àñòêà, îòñóò-ñòâèå ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ â ðàäèóñå 3 êìè, ïî âîçìîæíîñòè, ñêðûòîñòü îò ãëàç ÷å-ëîâåêà. Áîëüøèíñòâî ïëàòôîðì áûëè óñ-òàíîâëåíû íà áåð¸çàõ, òàêæå â êà÷åñòâåãíåçäîâîãî äåðåâà âûñòóïèëè äóá, êë¸í èëèïà. Äåðåâÿííûå ïîñòðîéêè, ðàçìåðîìîêîëî 1 ì, óñòàíàâëèâàëèñü â âåðõíåé ÷àñ-òè êðîíû äåðåâà (ðèñ. 3/3–4).

Äëÿ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà áûëî óñòàíîâëå-íî 13 ïëàòôîðì íà ïîáåðåæüå Ñóñêàíñ-êîãî çàëèâà, ãäå îêîëî 40 ëåò ôóíêöèîíè-ðóåò îäíîèìåííûé ðûáõîç. Ðûáîâîäíûåïðóäû ñ òðîñòíèêîâûìè çàðîñëÿìè, îáùåéïëîùàäüþ áîëåå 20 òûñ. ãà ñîçäàþò áëàãî-ïðèÿòíûå óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ïèòàíèÿ îðëàíà.Çäåñü âûÿâëåíî 10 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ. Ïî

íàøåìó ìíåíèþ, îñíîâíûì ôàêòîðîì,ñäåðæèâàþùèì óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëåííîñòèîðëàíà, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåäîñòàòîê ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûõ äåðåâüåâ. Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ïîáåðåæüÿçàëèâà íå îáëåñåíà. Äðåâåñíàÿ ðàñòèòåëü-íîñòü, òàì, ãäå îíà åñòü, ïðåäñòàâëåíà ñðåä-íåâîçðàñòíûìè (30–60 ëåò) íàñàæäåíèÿìèòîïîëÿ, äóáà è (åäèíè÷íî) ñîñíû. Ïðè ýòîì,äðåâîñòîé, êàê ïðàâèëî, îäíîâîçðàñòíûé,ìàÿ÷íûå äåðåâüÿ îòñóòñòâóþò. Ïëàòôîðìûóñòàíàâëèâàëèñü íà òîïîëÿõ, íà âûñîòå 15–20 ì, â âåðõíåé òðåòè êðîíû (ðèñ. 3/1–2).Êàê ïðàâèëî, âûáèðàëè äåðåâî íà êðàþëåñíîãî ìàññèâà ñ âèäîì íà âîäî¸ì.

Äëÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ìåëêèõ ñî-êîëîâ è ñîâ-äóïëîãíåçäíèêîâ, òàêèõ êàê ñå-ðàÿ (Strix aluco) è äëèííîõâîñòàÿ (Strixuralensis) íåÿñûòè, èçãîòîâëåíî è ðàçâåøå-íî 60 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ òð¸õ òèïîâ (ïî 20ÿùèêîâ êàæäîãî òèïà): «äëÿ ìåëêèõ õèù-íûõ ïòèö» (ðèñ. 4/1, 5) (çäåñü è äàëåå âû-ñîòà õ øèðèíà õ ãëóáèíà): 35 õ 30 õ 25 ñì;«äëÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè» (ðèñ. 4/2) – 40 õ 25 õ25 ñì; «äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè» 70 õ30 õ 30 ñì (ðèñ. 4/3, 5).

Äëÿ ìåëêèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö ãíåçäîâûå ÿùè-êè óñòàíàâëèâàëèñü â ëåñîïîëîñàõ íà þãåîáëàñòè. Öåëåâûìè âèäàìè çäåñü ÿâëÿþòñÿïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus) è êîá÷èê (Falcovespertinus). Õîòÿ íå èñêëþ÷åíî ãíåçäîâà-íèå óøàñòîé ñîâû (Asio otus). Äëÿ ñåðîéíåÿñûòè ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè óñòàíàâëèâàëèñüâ ëåíòî÷íûõ ëåñîïîëîñàõ è îñòðîâíûõ áàé-ðà÷íûõ ëåñàõ â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè îáëàñ-òè. À äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè – íà îïóø-êå ñìåøàííûõ ëåñíûõ ìàññèâîâ âöåíòðàëüíîé è ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè îáëàñòè. Âñåÿùèêè ðàçìåùàëèñü íà âûñîòå 5–7 ì, ñþæíîé èëè ñ âîñòî÷íîé ñòîðîíû îò ñòâîëà.

Âåñíîé ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ïðîâåðêà çàñåë¸í-íîñòè ïîñòðîåê. Ìû âñ¸ æå íàäååìñÿ, ÷òîïðàêòè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ â ðàìêàõ ïðî-ãðàììû íà ñðåäñòâà îáëàñòíîãî áþäæåòàáóäóò ïðîäîëæåíû, ò.ê. ïîêà íå ðåàëèçî-âàíî è äåñÿòîé ÷àñòè çàïëàíèðîâàííîãî.

Page 17: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 17

Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) âíåñ¸í â Êðàñíóþ êíèãóÐîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, à òàêæå â Êðàñ-íûå êíèãè âñåõ îáëàñòåé è ðåñïóáëèê Àë-òàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà.  òî æå âðåìÿ, åãîðàñïðåäåëåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü â ðåãèîíåîñòàâàëèñü íåèçâåñòíûìè âïëîòü äî ïîñëå-äíåãî âðåìåíè, ÷òî ìåøàëî ïëàíèðîâàíèþïîëíîöåííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî îõðàíåâèäà. Öåëüþ äàííîé ðàáîòû ÿâèëàñü ïîïûò-êà âûÿñíèòü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è îöåíèòü÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â ðåãèîíå ÃÈÑ-ìåòî-äàìè, îñíîâàííàÿ íà ðåçóëüòàòàõ èññëåäî-âàíèé àâòîðà.

Ðàéîí ðàáîò è ìåòîäèêà

Ââåäåíèå

Ðàññìàòðèâàåìûé â ñòàòüå ðåãèîí çàíè-ìàåò òåððèòîðèþ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîé ãîðíîéîáëàñòè è ïðèëåãàþùèõ ðàâíèí. Äëÿ àíà-ëèçà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ôèëèíà ãðàíèöû ðå-

Êîíòàêò:

Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: +7 (831) 4333 [email protected]

Contact:

Igor KaryakinLeader by Center ofField StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: (831) 4333 [email protected]

Ðèñ. 1. Ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà.Óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ:À – ãðàíèöà Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíàB – ãðàíèöû îáëàñòåé è ðåñïóáëèê Àëòàå-ÑàÿíñêîãîðåãèîíàÐàçëè÷íûìè öâåòàìè âûäåëåíû ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû,íóìåðàöèÿ êîòîðûõ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè â òàá-ëèöàõ 1–2.

Fig. 1. Nature zones of the Altai-Sayan region.A – the border of the Altai-Sayan regionB – borders of districts and republics of the Altai-SayanregionDifferent nature zones have different colors, numbersof zones are similar ones in the Tables 1–2.

The region being under consideration in thepaper occupies the territory of the Altai-Say-an Mountains and adjacent plains. The totalarea of the surveyed region is 595195.8 km2.

The region was surveyed in May – July1999–2006. The total length of field triproutes was 44864 km without transit routeson highways. We found breeding territoriesof the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) mainly dur-

Raptors� Research

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ� ПЕРНАТЫХ� ХИЩНИКОВ

Distribution�and�Number�of�the�Eagle�Owl�in�the�Altai-Sayan

Region,�Russia

РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕИЧИСЛЕННОСТЬФИЛИНАВАЛТАЕ-

САЯНСКОМРЕГИОНЕ,РОССИЯ

Karyakin�I.V.�(Center�of�Field�Studies,�Russia,�N.Novgorod)

Каря�ин�И.В.�(Центр�полевых�исследований,�Россия,�Н.Нов�ород)

Page 18: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1018

ãèîíà ïðîâåäåíû óñëîâíî, èñõîäÿ èç èìå-þùåãîñÿ ìàòåðèàëà äëÿ ïðîäóêòèâíîãîÃÈÑ-àíàëèçà (ðàñòðîâûå è âåêòîðíûå êàð-òû, êîñìîñíèìêè, òî÷êè äëÿ äåøèôðîâêèè ò.ï.). Ïëîùàäü âûäåëåííîãî ðåãèîíà ñî-ñòàâèëà 595195,8 êì2.

Äëÿ óäîáñòâà àíàëèçà ïî êîñìîñíèìêàìLandsat–7 áûëà ñîñòàâëåíà âåêòîðíàÿ ëàíä-

Ïðèðîäíûé ðàéîí* Nature zones*

Áèîòîïû

Biotopes

Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðè-

ãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ

(êì2)Area

of nestingbiotopes

(km2)

Êîëè÷åñòâî ïëîùàäîê

Number ofplots

Ïëîùàäü ïëîùàäîê

(êì2)Area

of plots (km2)

Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðè-

ãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ íà

ïëîùàäêàõ (êì2)

Area of nesting biotopes on plots (km2)

Äîëÿ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ

áèîòîïîâ íà ïëîùàä-êàõ îòíîñèòåëüíî

ïðèðîäíîãî ðàéîíà (%)

Part of nesting biotopes on plots

from the region (%)

Ãíåçäîâûåó÷àñòêèôèëèíà

Breeding territories

of the Eagle Owl

1 37.55 1 11.4 1.90 5.04 1

3, 8, 9, 25 1011.01 2 457.15 38.60 3.80 194, 5, 7, 20

ñêàëû / rocks

731.41 2 573.60 79.40 0.87 2413 227.13 1 18.2 6.20 2.72 2

14 193.80 1 17.4 8.62 4.60 116

îïóøêè / forest edges

835.15 11 449.46 102.57 12.23 5411 ñêàëû / rocks 651.68 6 188.88 43.40 6.65 24

19 îïóøêè / forest edges

75.31 1 42.2 15.00 19.92 3

19 195.14 1 78.4 10.20 5.23 621 838.99 3 93.90 36.44 8.35 1322 127.92 1 31.23 23.25 18.32 3

12 65.60 1 22.6 10.65 15.99 626 1175.30 4 60.70 31.28 2.70 11

24

ñêàëû / rocks

1071.43 1 66.1 28.57 2.67 2

Òàáë. 1à. Îñíîâíûå äàííûå ó÷¸òà ôèëèíîâ (Bubo bubo) â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ íà ïëîùàäêàõ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå

Table 1a. General data of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) counts in nesting biotopes in the Altai-Sayan region

* – íîìåðà ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóþò íóìåðàöèè íà ðèñ. 1* – numbers of districts are similar ones in the fig. 1

ing short-term pedestrian routes throughcharacter habitats for the species and rarelyduring point counts. The additional meth-od was point counts of vocalizing birds. Forstimulation of vocalization of Eagle Owls weimitated demonstrative and alarm signalsby a voice or with using soundtracks. Forprocessing the data of counts we used GIS

Ïðèðîäíûé ðàéîí* Nature zones*

Áèîòîïû

Biotopes

Ïëîùàäüãíåçäîïðè-

ãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ

(êì2)Area of nesting biotopes (km2)

Êîëè÷åñòâî ìàðøðóòîâ

Number ofroutes

Ó÷åòíàÿ ïëîùàäü

(êì2)

Study area(km2)

Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ

áèîòîïîâ íà ó÷åòíîé ïëîùàäè

(êì2)Area of nesting

biotopes on study area (km2)

Äîëÿ ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ íà

ïëîùàäêàõ îòíîñèòåëüíî ïðèðîä-

íîãî ðàéîíà (%)Part of nesting

biotopes on plots from the region (%)

Ãíåçäîâûåó÷àñòêèôèëèíà

Breeding territories of

the Eagle Owl

6 338.80 32.63 23.81 7.03 523

ñêàëû / rocks 8.33 8.8 2.2 26.40 2

Òàáë. 1b. Îñíîâíûå äàííûå ó÷¸òà ôèëèíîâ â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ íà ìàðøðóòàõ â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà

Table 1b. General data of the Eagle Owl route counts in nesting biotopes in the mountain-forest zone of the Altai-Sayan region

Ïðèðîäíûé ðàéîí* Nature zones*

Áèîòîïû

Biotopes

Ïëîùàäüìåñòîîáèòàíèé

(êì2)

Area of inhabitants

places (km2)

Êîëè÷åñòâî ìàðøðóòîâ

Number ofroutes

Ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîùàäü

(êì2)

Area (km2)

Ïëîùàäü ìåñòîîáèòàíèé

íà ïëîùàäêàõ (êì2)

Area of inhabitants

places onplots(km2)

Äîëÿ ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ

íà ïëîùàäêàõ îòíîñèòåëüíî ïðè-

ðîäíîãî ðàéîíà (%)Part of nesting

biotopes on plots from the region (%)

Ãíåçäîâûåó÷àñòêèôèëèíà

Breeding territories of

the Eagle Owl

15 ñêàëû / rocks 2161.54 1310.66 100.75 4.66 13

Òàáë. 1c. Îñíîâíûå äàííûå ó÷¸òà ôèëèíîâ â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ íà ïëîùàäêàõ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå

Table 1c. General data of the Eagle Owl plot counts in inhabitant places in the Altai Kray

Page 19: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 19

software (Arc View 3.2a, Spatial Analyst 1.1,Animal Movement Analysis 2.0, ESRI, CA,USA) (ArcView GIS, 1996; Hooge, Eichen-laub, 1997; Hooge, 1998).

The author with colleges recorded 415events of registering the adults or signs oftheir presence and 322 breeding territoriesin the region. A total of 309 active nestswere found where we registered 141 eventsof breeding success.

On study plots we found 169 nests occu-pied by Eagle Owls (1–14 nests per a plot,the average number 4.69 ± 2.91), 117 nestswere living at the moment of visiting (fig.2, fig. 3). Also 7 breeding territories werefound during count routes and 13 – in thesegmented plot in forest-steppe foothills ofAltai (tables 1a, b, c).

The number of the Eagle Owl’s nests foundin study plots correlates positively with thearea of potential nesting biotopes (cliff-fac-es, edges of pine forests) (fig. 3) (r = 0.644,F = 24.05, R2 = 0.414, P < 0.0005).

A total of 2617 – 4034 pairs (at average3323 pairs) are estimated to breed in theAltai-Sayan Region (table 2, fig. 6).

The main potential nesting biotopes forthe species undoubtedly are cliff-faces irre-spective of their types and locations (except-ing rocks on slopes of mountains in the for-est zone outside of river valleys) – 85.67%.In a flat part of the region the main part ofEagle Owls nest in pine forests occupyingedges of forests in foot of large pine trees –11.57%. We found 363 nests of Eagle Owls

Âçðîñëûé ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) â ãíåçäå. ÐåñïóáëèêàÒûâà. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Adult Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in the nest. Republic ofTuva. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ïëîòíîñòü â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ

áèîòîïàõ (ïàð/êì2 ± SD)

Density on nesting biotopes (pairs/km2 ± SD)

Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè

(ñðåäíåå ± äîâåðèòåëüíûé

èíòåðâàë)

Estimation of number (M ±

interval)

0.53 19.9

0.49±0.01 497.3±16.060.30±0.12 228.6±125.27

0.32 73.3

0.12 22.50.53±0.17 453.0±85.350.55±0.38 470.3±197.26

0.20 15.1

0.59 114.80.36±0.80 299.3±169.92

0.13 16.5

0.56 37.00.35±0.04 404.6±57.76

0.07 75.0

ïòèö, ïðîÿâëÿâøèõ áåñïîêîéñòâî. Âñå îñòàëü-íûå ðåãèñòðàöèè (âêëþ÷àÿ ðåãèñòðàöèèâçðîñëûõ ïòèö, íå ïðîÿâëÿâøèõ áåñïîêîé-ñòâà) ê ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì íå ïðèðàâíè-âàëèñü, îäíàêî â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ ïðèâëåêàëèñüäëÿ îáùåãî ðàñ÷¸òà ÷èñëåííîñòè, åñëè ïðî-èñõîäèëè â òèïè÷íûõ äëÿ âèäà ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ (Êàðÿêèí, 2000; 2004).

øàôòíàÿ êàðòà, íà êîòî-ðîé ïî òàêèì êðèòåðèÿì,êàê ëåñîïîêðûòîñòü, ðåëü-åô, ñîâîêóïíîñòü òèïè÷-íûõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèî-òîïîâ ôèëèíà áûëèâûäåëåíû áëèçêèå ïî ñâî-èì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì ïðè-ðîäíûå ðàéîíû ïëîùàäüþáîëåå 100 êì2 (ðèñ. 1).

Ðåãèîí îáñëåäîâàëñÿ âìàå-èþëå 1999–2006 ãã.Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ýê-ñïåäèöèîííûõ ìàðøðóòîâñîñòàâèëà 44864 êì áåçó÷¸òà òðàíçèòíûõ ìàðøðó-òîâ ïî òðàññàì. Ò.å. â õîäåýòèõ ìàðøðóòîâ îñóùå-ñòâëÿëñÿ ïîèñê ãíåçäîï-ðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ôèëèíàòåððèòîðèé.

Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ôè-ëèíà âûÿâëÿëèñü áîëüøåé÷àñòüþ íà êðàòêîâðåìåí-íûõ ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòàõ ïîìåñòîîáèòàíèÿì, õàðàê-òåðíûì äëÿ âèäà, è, âìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè, â õîäåòî÷å÷íûõ íàáëþäåíèé.Âñïîìîãàòåëüíûì ìåòî-äîì ÿâëÿëàñü ïåëåíãàöèÿâîêàëèçèðóþùèõ ïòèö ñòî÷êè. Äëÿ àêòèâèçàöèèâîêàëèçàöèè ôèëèíîâïîëüçîâàëèñü èìèòàöèåéñèãíàëîâ äåìîíñòðàöèè èáåñïîêîéñòâà ïòèö ãîëî-ñîì ëèáî ôîíîãðàììîé.

Ê ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàìïðèðàâíèâàëèñü íàõîäêèæèëûõ ãí¸çä (ñ êëàäêàìè èïòåíöàìè), à òàêæå ãí¸çä,áûâøèõ æèëûìè (â êîòî-ðûõ íà ìîìåíò ïîñåùåíèÿêëàäêè èëè ïòåíöû ïîãèá-ëè è èõ îñòàíêè ìîæíî÷¸òêî èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü)è ïîêèíóòûõ ñë¸òêàìè (ñìåçîïòèëåì), âñòðå÷è ñë¸ò-êîâ, âîêàëèçèðóþùèõ ïàðèëè îäèíî÷íûõ âçðîñëûõ

Ïëîòíîñòü â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ

áèîòîïàõ (ïàð/êì2 ± SD)

Density on nesting biotopes (pairs/km2 ± SD)

Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè

(ñðåäíåå ± äîâåðèòåëüíûé

èíòåðâàë)Estimation of

number (M ± interval)

0.21 70.0±7.00.9 7.5±0.7

Ïëîòíîñòü â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ

áèîòîïàõ (ïàð/êì2 ± SD)

Density on nesting biotopes

(pairs/km2 ± SD)

Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè

(ñðåäíåå ± äîâåðèòåëüíûé

èíòåðâàë)Estimation of

number (M ± interval)

0.13 281.0±28.1

Page 20: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1020

Âûÿâëÿåìûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ôèëèíàêàðòèðîâàëèñü, äàííûå âíîñèëèñü â ñðåäóÃÈÑ (ArcView 3.2a, ESRI, CA, USA), ãäå èïðîèçâîäèëñÿ ðàñ÷¸ò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòèâèäà (Êàðÿêèí, 1996; 2000; 2004).

Ìåòîäû ïîèñêà ãí¸çä

Ôèëèí – äîñòàòî÷íî ñêðûòíûé è ìàëîçà-ìåòíûé õèùíèê. Ïîýòîìó äëÿ åãî îáíàðó-æåíèÿ â ðàçíûõ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíàõ, íà-ñåë¸ííûõ ïîïóëÿöèÿìè, èìåþùèìè ðàçíûåñòåðåîòèïû ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ïðèìåíÿëèñüñïåöèôè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû âûÿâëåíèÿ, îñíîâàí-íûå íà ïðåæíåì îïûòå ðàáîòû àâòîðà ñ äàí-íûì âèäîì (Êàðÿêèí, 1996; 1998; 2004).

Îñíîâíàÿ äîëÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ â ñòåï-íûõ è ãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ áûëà ëîêàëè-çîâàíà â õîäå ìàðøðóòíî-òî÷å÷íûõ èññëå-äîâàíèé, êîòîðûå çàêëþ÷àëèñü â ñëåäóþùåì:

- ãðóïïà íà àâòîìîáèëå ïåðåìåùàëàñüìåæäó áèîòîïàìè (ñêàëû-îñòàíöû, áàëêè,ýðîçèîííûå îáðûâû âðåìåííûõ âîäîòîêîâ),ïîäõîäÿùèìè äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà,

- íà êîðîòêèõ îñòàíîâêàõ ìåñòà, ïðèãîä-íûå äëÿ óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä, îñìàòðèâàëèñü âîïòèêó (áèíîêëè 12õ50, òðóáû 12–60õ60) íàïðåäìåò îáíàðóæåíèÿ ñëåäîâ ïîì¸òà è ïóõà(êàê ïóõà æåðòâ, ñêàïëèâàþùåãîñÿ â ãíåç-äàõ, òàê è íàñåäíîãî ïóõà ñàìêè èëè ìå-çîïòèëÿ ïòåíöîâ íà áîëåå ïîçäíèõ ýòàïàõðàçìíîæåíèÿ), âèñÿùåãî íà êóñòàõ è òðàâå,

- ïðè îáíàðóæåíèè ñëåäîâ ïðåáûâàíèÿôèëèíà èëè ïîäîçðåíèè íà íèõ ìåñòà âå-ðîÿòíîãî ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãíåçäà îáñëåäîâà-ëèñü â òå÷åíèå 10–40 ìèíóò, â çàâèñèìîñ-òè îò ñëîæíîñòè ðåëüåôà,

- åñëè ãíåçäî áûëî îáíàðóæåíî, òî îá-ñëåäîâàíèå àíàëîãè÷íûõ áèîòîïîâ ïðîäîë-æàëîñü äî ìîìåíòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ñëåäóþ-ùåãî ãíåçäà,

- ïî 2–3 íàéäåííûì íà òåððèòîðèè ãí¸ç-äàì ðàññ÷èòûâàëîñü ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèåìåæäó ïàðàìè,

- â õîäå äàëüíåéøåãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ òåð-ðèòîðèè ïðè îáíàðóæåíèè ãíåçäà ôèëè-íà íà îñíîâàíèè ñðåäíåãî ðàññòîÿíèÿ ìåæ-äó ïàðàìè íà êàðòå ìåñòîïîëîæåíèÿ ãíåçäàî÷åð÷èâàëñÿ êðóã (áóôåð), âíóòðè êîòîðîãîðàñïîëîæåíèå äðóãîãî ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêàôèëèíà îêàçûâàëîñü ìàëîâåðîÿòíûì,

- çà ïðåäåëàìè áóôåðà îïðåäåëÿëîñü ìå-ñòîïîëîæåíèå áèîòîïîâ, àíàëîãè÷íûõ òåì,â êîòîðûõ áûëè íàéäåíû ãí¸çäà ôèëèíà,

- ãðóïïà íà àâòîìàøèíå ïåðåìåùàëàñü âýòè áèîòîïû, ðàñïîëîæåííûå çà ïðåäåëàìèáóôåðà óæå ëîêàëèçîâàííîãî ó÷àñòêà ôè-ëèíà, ñ öåëüþ ïîèñêà ãíåçäà äðóãîé ïàðû.

Àíàëîãè÷íûì îáðàçîì ïðîâîäèëîñü îá-ñëåäîâàíèå áîðîâ è êîëêîâûõ ëåñîâ â ðàâ-

(including old nests in territories with ac-tive nests) and only 2 nests (less than 1%from their total number) located outside oftypical nesting biotopes (table 3).

The results of research demonstrates theEagle Owl spreads widely and is a typicalraptor in the Altai-Sayan Region.

Decreasing the number of the Eagle owlin 1960–70s was perhaps noted only in cul-tivated regions of Novosibirsk, Kemerovodistricts and Altai Kray. As the result thereare degraded breeding groups in the Biya-Chumysh Uppland and in the Kuznetsk De-pression. Fortunately the number of the Ea-gle Owl highly probably was not decreasedon the most part of the region.

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå. Àëòàéñêèé êðàé. ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Eagle Owl in the nest. Altai Kray.Photo by I. Karyakin

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå. Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà. ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Eagle Owl in the nest. Republic of Tuva.Photo by I. Karyakin

Page 21: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 21

íèííîé ÷àñòè ðåãèîíà ñ òîé ëèøü ðàçíè-öåé, ÷òî áîëüøóþ ÷àñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõîïóøåê èëè ïîáåðåæèé âîäî¸ìîâ, ãäå íàè-áîëåå âûñîêà âåðîÿòíîñòü îáíàðóæåíèÿãí¸çä ôèëèíà, ïðèõîäèëîñü ïðîõîäèòüïåøêîì, à ìàøèíà èñïîëüçîâàëàñü äëÿ ïå-ðåáðîñêè ìåæäó ó÷àñòêàìè.

Äðóãèì ìåòîäîì ïðèõîäèëîñü ïîëüçî-âàòüñÿ â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå, ãäå ãíåçäîâà-íèå ôèëèíà ïðèóðî÷åíî ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñ-êëþ÷èòåëüíî ê ðå÷íûì äîëèíàì. Çäåñüîñíîâíûì ñïîñîáîì ïåðåäâèæåíèÿ áûëñïëàâ íà áàéäàðêàõ è ðåçèíîâûõ ëîäêàõ. õîäå ñïëàâà â îïòèêó îñìàòðèâàëàñüôðîíòàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé íàïðåäìåò îáíàðóæåíèÿ ñëåäîâ ïðåáûâàíèÿôèëèíà. Åñëè òàêèå ñëåäû áûëè îáíàðóæå-íû, èëè âîçíèêàëî ïîäîçðåíèå íà ïðèñóò-ñòâèå âèäà, ñêàëà ïðî÷¸ñûâàëàñü ãðóïïîéèç 2-õ ÷åëîâåê (îäèí ïåðåìåùàëñÿ ïî âåð-õó ñêàëû, îñìàòðèâàÿ ìåñòà âåðîÿòíûõïðèñàä, âòîðîé – ïî å¸ ïîäíîæèþ, îáðà-ùàÿ âíèìàíèå íà îñòàòêè ïèùè), äåéñòâèÿêîòîðîé êîîðäèíèðîâàëèñü èññëåäîâàòå-ëåì ñ ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîãî áåðåãà, èìåþ-ùèì õîðîøèé îáçîð ñêàëû.

Âñå ýòè ìåòîäû ðàññ÷èòàíû íà ïîèñê òè-ïè÷íûõ ãí¸çä, äîëÿ êîòîðûõ â ðàçíûõ ïî-ïóëÿöèÿõ ôèëèíà ñîñòàâëÿåò íå ìåíåå 90%(Êàðÿêèí, 1996; 1998; 2004).

Ìåòîäû ó÷¸òà è ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè

Âíå çàâèñèìîñòè îò òîãî, êàêèì ìåòîäîìâ¸ëñÿ ïîèñê ãí¸çä, äàííûå áûëè ðàçäåëå-íû íà äâå ãðóïïû: ëèíåéíûå è ïëîùàäíûå.Ò.å. ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ôèëèíîâ, ëîêàëè-çîâàííûå íà ìàðøðóòàõ âäîëü ëèíåéíûõãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, ðàññ÷èòûâà-ëèñü ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà îáùóþ ïðîòÿ-æåííîñòü àíàëîãè÷íûõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ â ïðèðîäíîì ðàéîíå (îïóøêèáîðîâ, ïîáåðåæüÿ îç¸ð, êóýñòîâûå ãðÿäûè ò.ï.), à íå íà èõ ïëîùàäü. Åñëè ó÷¸òíûåäàííûå ïîëó÷åíû íà îïóøêå áîðîâ, òî îíèýêñòðàïîëèðîâàëèñü òîëüêî íà îïóøêè áî-ðîâ. Åñëè ó÷¸ò â¸ëñÿ íà ïëîùàäêàõ, ãäåãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû ôèëèíà ðàñïî-ëàãàëèñü õàîòè÷íî ëèáî èìåëè ÷¸òêèå ïëî-ùàäíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè, ïåðåñ÷¸ò ïëîòíî-ñòè â¸ëñÿ íà àíàëîãè÷íûå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿèëè êîíêðåòíûå áèîòîïû â ïðèðîäíîìðàéîíå (ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ ñêëîíîâõðåáòîâ, êàìåíèñòûå ñòåïè ñ âûõîäàìèìàòåðèíñêèõ ïîðîä ïî ñêëîíàì ïîëîãèõóâàëîâ, êîëêîâûå ëåñà è ò.ä.). Òàêîé ïîä-õîä ïîçâîëèë èçáàâèòüñÿ îò áîëüøîé ïî-ãðåøíîñòè ïðè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ïëîòíîñòèíà îáùóþ ïëîùàäü ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ,êîòîðàÿ íåèçáåæíî âîçíèêàåò ïðè ðàñ÷¸-

òå ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà, ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ â ñïå-öèôè÷åñêèõ áèîòîïàõ. Åñëè êàêîé-òî òèïáèîòîïà â ïðèðîäíîì ðàéîíå îêàçàëñÿíåîáñëåäîâàííûì, åãî íå âêëþ÷àëè â ðàñ-÷¸ò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà, ñ÷èòàÿ, ÷òî÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â í¸ì ðàâíà íóëþ.

Ìîäåëüíûå ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè áûëè âûá-ðàíû ñëó÷àéíûì îáðàçîì, è òå, êîòîðûåïîïàëè íà òåððèòîðèè, ãäå ôèëèí îòñóò-ñòâóåò íà ãíåçäîâàíèè, â ðàñ÷¸òå íå ðàñ-ñìàòðèâàëèñü. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â çîíå, ïî-òåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé äëÿ îáèòàíèÿôèëèíà, çàëîæåíî 36 ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîêîáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 2111,22 êì2 (5,0 – 346,7,â ñðåäíåì 58,65 ± 79,81 êì2) (çäåñü è äà-ëåå M ± SD). Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿôèëèíà áèîòîïîâ íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõñîñòàâèëà 436,09 êì2 (1,9 – 44,4, â ñðåä-íåì 12,11 ± 9,64 êì2), ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò20,66% îò ïëîùàäè ïëîùàäîê è 5,09% îòîáùåé ïëîùàäè ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ôè-ëèíà áèîòîïîâ â ðåãèîíå.

Ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü, ÷òî íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàä-êàõ è ìàðøðóòàõ îáñëåäîâàííàÿ ïëîùàäüãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà áèîòîïîâáóäåò áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíàèõ îáùåé ïëîùàäè â ïðèðîäíîì ðàéîíå (âïðåäåëàõ 2 – 8%) (Êàðÿêèí, 2000).  äåé-ñòâèòåëüíîñòè æå â ðàçíûõ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàé-îíàõ óäàëîñü îõâàòèòü îáñëåäîâàíèåì îò0,87 äî 26,4% ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ,â ñðåäíåì 7,79±6,28%. Íå óäàëîñü íàáðàòüó÷¸òíóþ ïëîùàäü, ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíóþ îá-ùåé, â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå èç-çà áîëüøîéïëîùàäè òåððèòîðèè è òðóäíîñòè ïåðåäâè-æåíèÿ ïî íåé. Äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêèì îêà-çàëñÿ ïðîöåíò îáñëåäîâàííûõ áèîòîïîâ îòèõ îáùåé ïëîùàäè â íåáîëüøèõ ñòåïíûõêîòëîâèíàõ è íà ðàâíèíå (òàáë. 1 à, b, c).

Ïðè îáðàáîòêå ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ èñïîëü-çîâàí ïàêåò ïðîãðàìì ESRI (Arc View 3.2a,Spatial Analyst1.1, Animal MovementAnalysis 2.0) (ArcView GIS, 1996; Hooge,Eichenlaub, 1997; Hooge, 1998).

Ìåòîäèêà ïîäãîòîâêè îñíîâû äëÿýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ

Îñíîâîé äëÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ó÷¸òíûõ äàí-íûõ ÿâèëàñü ïîäãîòîâëåííàÿ âåêòîðíàÿîñíîâà: ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè, ìàðøðóòû,ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ôèëèíà, ïðèðîäíûåðàéîíû, áèîòîïû, áóôåðíûå òåððèòîðèè.

Âåêòîðíûå ñëîè ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê, ìàð-øðóòîâ è ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà ãî-òîâèëèñü ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñèñòåìû GPS.Âñå òî÷êè ïðèâÿçûâàëèñü ñ ïîìîùüþ ñïóò-íèêîâûõ íàâèãàòîðîâ Garmin 12, à çàòåìýêñïîðòèðîâàëèñü â ñðåäó ÃÈÑ ñ ïîìîùüþïðîãðàììû DNRGarmin.

Page 22: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1022

Ïî êîñìîñíèìêàì Landsat–7 ETM+ ïîä-ãîòîâëåíû âåêòîðíûå êàðòû ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà áèîòîïîâ è ïðèðîäíûõðàéîíîâ.

Êðèòåðèÿìè âûäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ ÿâèëèñü îñíîâíûå õàðàêòåðèñ-òèêè îáíàðóæåííûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâôèëèíà. Ïðè îïðåäåëåíèè ïëîùàäè ëèíåé-íûõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ (îïóøêèáîðîâ, êðóòîñêëîíû ðå÷íûõ äîëèí) èñïîëü-çîâàëèñü ñðåäíèå ïîêàçàòåëè óäàë¸ííîñòèãí¸çä ôèëèíà îò ÷¸òêî âèäèìûõ íà ñíèì-êàõ ãðàíèö ýòèõ áèîòîïîâ (îò êðàÿ áîðà,îò ðóñëà ðåêè) äëÿ êàæäîãî ïðèðîäíîãîðàéîíà.

Èíîãäà ïðè âûäåëåíèè ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ âîçíèêàëà âûñîêàÿ ïîãðåøíîñòüïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ãðàíèö (áîëåå 30%) â ðå-çóëüòàòå íåîäíîçíà÷íîé èíòåðïðåòàöèèïîãðàíè÷íûõ ïèêñåëåé íà êîñìîñíèìêàõ. òàêîì ñëó÷àå âûäåëÿëèñü óñëîâíî ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíûå òåððèòîðèè, âêëþ÷àþùèå âñåáÿ âñþ ñîâîêóïíîñòü áèîòîïîâ â ïðåäå-ëàõ àíàëèçèðóåìîãî ïîëèãîíà, â êîòîðûõâåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå ôèëèíà, âìåñòå ñòåìè ïëîùàäÿìè, êîòîðûå íåâîçìîæíîîäíîçíà÷íî îáúåäèíèòü â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûåáèîòîïû èëè èñêëþ÷èòü èç íèõ. Òàêèì ìå-òîäîì ïðèøëîñü âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ äëÿ ñòåï-íûõ ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ, ãäå âûñîêàÿ äîëÿ êà-ìåíèñòûõ ñòåïåé ñ âûõîäàìè ìàòåðèíñêèõïîðîä, êàê ïî ñêëîíàì áàëîê, òàê è ïî ñêëî-íàì óâàëîâ, ïðè÷¸ì ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ âåç-äå, ãäå åñòü âûñîêèå ñêàëüíûå âûõîäû, íîïî ñíèìêàì èõ íåâîçìîæíî îòäåëèòü îòíèçêèõ. Ïðè òàêîì ïîäõîäå íà ïëîùàäüâûäåëåííûõ ïîëèãîíîâ ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàëàñüíå ïëîòíîñòü ôèëèíà â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïàõ, à åãî ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü.

Ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû âûäåëåíû íà îñíîâåýêîñèñòåìíîãî ïîäõîäà. Äëÿ ñëèÿíèÿ ìåë-êèõ ïîëèãîíîâ â áîëåå êðóïíûå èñïîëüçî-âàíû êðèòåðèè ñõîäñòâà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ ôèëèíîâ íà äàííûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ.

Ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðè-ãîäíîé äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíà â ðåãèîíå,ñîñòàâëÿåò 31723,93 êì2 (5,33% îò îáùåéïëîùàäè ðåãèîíà) áåç ó÷¸òà òåõ áèîòîïîâ, âêîòîðûõ âèä íå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí. Ïëîùàäüãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ (áåç ó÷¸òà óñëîâ-íî ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ) ñîñòàâëÿåò 8567,12 êì2

(1,44% îò îáùåé ïëîùàäè ðåãèîíà). àíàëèçå êîñìîñíèìêîâ è ïîäãîòîâêå

âåêòîðíîãî ñëîÿ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ èñ-ïîëüçîâàíû ïðîãðàììû ERDAS, Arc View3.2a ESRI, Image Analysis, Spatial Tools(ERDAS IMAGINE, 1991; ArcView GIS,1996; Hooge P.N., 1998).

Èçó÷åííîñòü

 Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ôèëèí íà-áëþäàëñÿ ðàçíûìè èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè ïðå-èìóùåñòâåííî â Êóëóíäå è Áàðàáå, ãäåáûë êðàéíå ðåäîê (Èîãàíçåí , 1908;Äàíèëîâ, 1976; Êîçëîâ, 1976), à âïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè èçâåñòíû ëèøüíåñêîëüêî âñòðå÷ â Ïðèîáñêèõ áîðàõ èåäèíñòâåííûé ñëó÷àé îáíàðóæåíèÿ ãíåç-äà â Òîãó÷èíñêîì ðàéîíå áëèç ñ. Æåëòîíî-ãèíî (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 2000). Ëèøü â ïîñ-ëåäíèå íåñêîëüêî ëåò ñòàëè èçâåñòíû ìåñòàãíåçäîâàíèÿ âèäà, ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûåíàõîäêàìè ãí¸çä, â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüåâ Ñóçóíñêîì áîðó è äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü(Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000; Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005)

 Àëòàéñêîì êðàå â íà÷àëå ïðîøëîãîñòîëåòèÿ ôèëèí îòìå÷àëñÿ êàê ðåäêàÿ ãíåç-äÿùàÿñÿ ïòèöà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå (Âå-ëèæàíèíû, 1929; Çàëåññêèå, 1931), Í.Í.Åãîðîâ (1961) ñ÷èòàë ôèëèíà ðåäêèì îñ¸ä-ëûì õèùíèêîì ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ.  êîíöåïðîøëîãî ñòîëåòèÿ ôèëèí áûë íàéäåí íàãíåçäîâàíèè ó îç. Áàòîâîå Çàâüÿëîâñêîãîðàéîíà, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Ñðîñòû Åãîðü-åâñêîãî ðàéîíà è â Îáñêîì çàêàçíèêå(Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà, 1998). Ëåòîì ôèëèíîâíàáëþäàëè â Çàâüÿëîâñêîì çàêàçíèêå, ó îç.Êóçíåöîâî â Óãëîâñêîì ðàéîíå, ñ¸ë Ñòîë-áîâî Êàìåíñêîãî ðàéîíà, Ðå÷êóíîâî, Óñòü-×óìûø è ð.ï. Ëàðè÷èõà Òàëúìåíñêîãî ðàé-îíà, îç. Êóëóíäèíñêîå (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà,1998). Îäèíî÷íûå ïòèöû â ïåðâîé ïîëî-âèíå ëåòà 1988 ã. îòìå÷àëèñü â ëåñíûõ êîë-êàõ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ îç. Êóëóíäèíñêîå (Ïåò-ðîâ, Òîðîïîâ, 2000). À.Ï. Êó÷èí (1994)ïðèâîäèò åäèíñòâåííóþ âñòðå÷ó ôèëèíîââ ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðå-æüå è åäèíñòâåííóþ â Âåðõíåîáñêîì áîðó.

Í.Ô. Êàùåíêî (1900) íàáëþäàë ôèëèíîâó ñ. Ñàââóøêà â Ãîðíîé Êîëûâàíè, Â.À.Ñåëåâèí (1929) íàø¸ë ýòîò âèä íà ãíåçäî-âàíèè íà Êîëûâàíñêîì õðåáòå. Ëåòíèåâñòðå÷è èçâåñòíû â ïðåäãîðüÿõ ó ñåëà Êî-

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå.Àëòàéñêèé êðàé. Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Eagle Owlin the nest. Altai Kray.Photo by I. Karyakin

Page 23: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 23

ìàð (Ñóøêèí, 1938) â ×èíåòèíñêîì çàêàç-íèêå â âåðõîâüå ð. Èíÿ, ó ñ. Ñåíòåëåê íàâåðõíåì ×àðûøå, ó ñ. Ñîëîíîâêà íà ð.Àíóé (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà, 1998). Èçðåäêà ôè-ëèí íàáëþäàëñÿ â íèæíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Áå-ëîé (Áåðåçîâèêîâ, 2002). Íà êî÷¸âêàõ ðå-ãóëÿðíî íàáëþäàëñÿ â ïîéìàõ êðóïíûõ ðåê,òàêèõ êàê Îáü, Áèÿ, Êàòóíü (Êó÷èí, 1976).

 ñîâðåìåííûé ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé íàòåððèòîðèè Êóëóíäèíñêîé è Ïðåäàëòàéñ-êîé ðàâíèí, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â áîðîâûõìàññèâàõ, è â ãîðíûõ ðàéîíàõ Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ îáíàðóæåíî îêîëî ñîòíè ãí¸çä ôè-ëèíà (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005; Ñìåëÿíñêèé èäð., 2004; Ñìåëÿíñêèé, Òîìèëåíêî, 2005).

öàìè è âûâîäêîâ ôèëèíà íà òåððèòîðèèÃîðíîãî Àëòàÿ.  Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîì Àëòàåãíåçäî ñ 3 ÿéöàìè áûëî íàéäåíî â 1985 ã.20 àïðåëÿ, à ñ 3 ïòåíöàìè – â 1984 ã. 7 èþíÿ(Ìàëêîâ, Ìàëêîâ, 1995), ñ 3 ïîëóîïåðèâøè-ìèñÿ ïòåíöàìè íà Êàòóíè ó ñ. Êóþñ – â ñå-ðåäèíå èþíÿ 1967 ã., ïîëíîñòüþ îïåðèâ-øåãîñÿ ïòåíöà ïîéìàëè íà ð. Óðñóë ó ñ. Åëî– 17 èþíÿ 1971 ã. (Êó÷èí, 1994).

Íà òåððèòîðèè Êåìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòèïî äàííûì À.Ô. Áåëÿíêèíà (1994) ôèëèíðåäîê: â ïåðèîä 1975–1991 ãã. îòìå÷åíîâñåãî 7 âñòðå÷ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â äîëèíåñðåäíåãî òå÷åíèÿ ð. Òîìü. ×èñëåííîñòü âãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä – îò 0,05 îñîáåé/êì2 â÷åðíåâîé òàéãå è ñîñíîâûõ áîðàõ äî 0,03â áåðåçíÿêàõ ëåñîñòåïíîé ÷àñòè Êóçíåö-êîé êîòëîâèíû. Åäèíñòâåííûé ðàç áûë îò-ëîâëåí ñë¸òîê 16.07.1979 ã. â ÷åðíåâîéòàéãå â äîëèíå ñðåäíåãî òå÷åíèÿ ð. Òîìü(Êðàïèâèíñêèé ð-í Êåìåðîâñêîé îáë.).

 Õàêàñèè è íà þãå Êðàñíîÿðñêîãîêðàÿ ôèëèí, íàîáîðîò, áûë ðàñïðîñòðà-í¸í øèðîêî. Íàñåëÿë ïðåäãîðüÿ è ñðåäíå-ãîðüÿ Ñàÿí, áûë îòìå÷åí ó Ìîæàðñêèõîç¸ð, ðåãóëÿðíî îòìå÷àëñÿ äî 58–590 ñ.ø.(Ñóøêèí, 1914; Òóãàðèíîâ, Áóòóðëèí,1911).  ëåñîñòåïíîì è ïîäòà¸æíîì ïî-ÿñàõ â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå XX âåêà áûë íå-ðåäêèì ãíåçäÿùèìñÿ âèäîì (Ñóøêèí, 1914;ßíóøåâè÷, Þðëîâ, 1950). Ñ.Ì. Ïðîêîôü-åâ (1988; 1994) îòìå÷àåò ôèëèíà êàê øè-ðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûé âèä ÊóçíåöêîãîÀëàòàó è íèçêîãîðèé Çàïàäíîãî Ñàÿíà, âÑàÿíî-Øóøåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå, Äçåðæèí-ñêîì è Êàíñêîì ð-íàõ, îò ñòåïíîãî äî âû-ñîêîãîðíûõ ïîÿñîâ, ïî îñòåïí¸ííûì ó÷à-ñòêàì ïðîíèêàåò âûñîêî â ãîðû äî1000–1900 ì í.ó.ì. Ïî îöåíêàì Ñ.Ì. Ïðî-êîôüåâà (1994) ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü(0,5 îñîáåé/êì2) íàáëþäàåòñÿ â ñòåïÿõ ñâûõîäàìè ñêàë è â çàðîñëÿõ ñòåïíûõ êóñ-òàðíèêîâ è ëèñòâåííè÷íûõ ðåäêîëåñüÿõ(0,7 îñîáåé/êì2); â öåëîì â ñòåïíîé çîíåÌèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû – 0,02–0,03 îñî-áåé/êì2; â ëåñîñòåïíîé çîíå â ëåñíûõ ñî-îáùåñòâàõ – îò 0,2 äî 0,4 îñîáåé/êì2; âãîðàõ â ïîäòà¸æíûõ ñâåòëîõâîéíî-ìåëêî-ëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ – îò 0,08 äî 0,2 îñîáåé/êì2; ãîðíîòà¸æíûõ äîëèíàõ ðåê – 0,01; âãîðíûõ ñòåïÿõ – 0,07 â Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêîìçàïîâåäíèêå (Ïðîêîôüåâ, 1986), 0,02 – âìåæäóðå÷üå ðð. Îíà è Ì. Àáàêàí, 0,3 íàó÷àñòêàõ ãîðíîé ëåñîñòåïè â ïîäòà¸æíîìïîÿñå.  Õàêàññêîì çàïîâåäíèêå ãíåçäèòñÿíå áîëåå 5–7 ïàð (Ïðîêîôüåâ è äð., 2000). Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå ôèëèí ðå-ãóëÿðíî îòìå÷àåòñÿ íà çèìîâêàõ (Ïåòðîâ,Ðóäêîâñêèé, 1985; Ñîêîëîâ è äð., 1983).

 Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé Ï.Ï. Ñóøêèí (1938)îòìå÷àë ôèëèíà â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä ïîâñåìó ãîðíîìó Àëòàþ è â Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîìÀëòàå â áåçëåñíûõ ãîðàõ, îêðóæàþùèõñóõóþ ×óéñêóþ ñòåïü. Ôèëèí áûë èçâåñ-òåí êàê ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ â ïðèòåëåöêîé òàéãåè íà íèæíåì ×óëûøìàíå â 30–40-å ãîäà(Ôîëèòàðåê, Äåìåíòüåâ, 1938; Äóëüêåéò,1960), à â 60-õ ãã Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí (1973) âÑâåðî-Âîñòî÷íîì Àëòàå îòìåòèë òîëüêî 2âñòðå÷è çà 4 ãîäà íàáëþäåíèé. Íèçêàÿ ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü îòìå÷àåòñÿ è íà Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîìÀëòàå (Äåðåâùèêîâ, 1974).  70-å ãã. ôè-ëèí òàêæå îòìå÷àåòñÿ êðàéíå ðåäêî – âñå-ãî 32 ðåãèñòðàöèè âñåìè íàáëþäàòåëÿìè(Ñòàõååâ, 2000), íî ïîâñåìåñòíî: â ïðèòå-ëåöêîé òàéãå, ìåæäóðå÷üå Êóêóðå è ×àê-ðûìà, Øàâëû è ×óëûøìàíà, â äîëèíå ×ó-ëûøìàíà íàïðîòèâ êîðäîíà ×îäðî, ó óñòüÿÊàðàêåìà, ïî ð. Êîêøè. Íà Ñåâåðíîì Àë-òàå â áðà÷íûé ïåðèîä ñëûøíû ñ îäíîãîìåñòà îäíîâðåìåííî íå áîëåå 2–3 ôèëè-íîâ (Ìàëêîâ, Ìàëêîâ, 1995). À.Ï. Êó÷èí(1991) îòìå÷àåò ñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè âöåëîì íà Àëòàå çà ïîñëåäíèå 50 ëåò.  ëè-òåðàòóðå îïèñàíî âñåãî íåñêîëüêî ñëó÷à-åâ îáíàðóæåíèÿ ãí¸çä ñ êëàäêàìè è ïòåí-

Ñë¸òêè ôèëèíà â íèøåñêàëû. Ðåñïóáëèêà Õàêà-ñèÿ. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

Fledglings of the EagleOwl in a niche on cliff.Khakasia Republic. Photoby E. Nikolenko

Page 24: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1024

Ìíîãîëåòíèå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ôèëè-íîâ íàéäåíû Å.Â. Åêèìîâûì (2000) ó ñå-âåðíîé îêîíå÷íîñòè îç. Áåëå, íà îñòàíöàõÎðòà-Õàÿ, Êðåñò-Õàÿ áëèç îç. Ôûðêàë, âóðî÷èùàõ Ñóíäóê, Ñàðàò, â äîëèíå ×óëû-ìà íà ãîðàõ Áîëüøàÿ è Äîëãàÿ ãðèâà, â îâ-ðàãàõ íà âîñòî÷íîì áåðåãó îç. Ìàëîå, íàîñòàíöàõ áëèç îç. Ó÷óì. Òàêæå îòìå÷àëèñüïîñòîÿííûå âñòðå÷è ôèëèíà â âåðõîâüÿõðåê Á. Êðåìåí÷óã ó ñëèÿíèÿ åãî ñ ðó÷üåìÏîãàíêà, ñ ð. Òåðåõòþëü, ñ ð. Ì. Êðåìåí-÷óã, åäèíè÷íûå âñòðå÷è îòìå÷àëèñü â âåð-õîâüÿõ ð. Á. Êåòü, Âåðõíåé è ÍèæíåéÏîäú¸ìíûõ. Ñ.Ì. Ïðîêîôüåâûì (1994)

íàéäåíî 7 ãí¸çä: 22.06.1968 ã. â ñðåäíåìòå÷åíèè ð. Àáàêàí íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæå-íèè â íèøå ñ 3 ïóõîâûìè ïòåíöàìè,19.08.1978 ã. â Øèðèíñêîé ñòåïè íà ñêàëü-íîì îáíàæåíèè ïî áîðòó ëîãà ñ 2 ñë¸òêà-ìè, 22.06.1982 ã. òàêæå â Øèðèíñêîé ñòå-ïè íà êàìåíèñòîì ñêëîíå âäîëü ïîéìû ð.Áåëûé Èþñ ñ 3 ïòåíöàìè, 06.1983 ã. â ïîä-òà¸æíîì ïîÿñå Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó íàñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè íà ñêëîíå â äîëèíåð. Áåëûé Èþñ ñ ïòåíöàìè, 17.06.1985 ã. âÁîãðàäñêîé ëåñîñòåïè íà ïîëîãîì ñêëîíåâ çàðîñëÿõ êóñòàðíèêà ñ 2 ïòåíöàìè,10.07.1988 ã. â Êîéáàëüñêîé ñòåïè â ïî-ñàäêàõ ñîñíû â îñíîâàíèè ñòâîëà ñîñíûíà îïóøêå ñ 1 ïòåíöîì, 30.05.1992 ã. âïîäòà¸æíîì ïîÿñå Çàïàäíîãî Ñàÿíà âñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Îíà íà ñêàëüíîìâûõîäå íà îñòåïí¸ííîì êàìåíèñòîì ñêëî-íå ñ 4 ïòåíöàìè.

 Òóâå ïî äàííûì À.À. Áàðàíîâà è Â.È.Çàáåëèíà (2002) ôèëèí øèðîêî ðàñïðîñ-òðàí¸í, íî íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáû÷íîé ïòèöåé.Ãíåçäèòñÿ â Óáñó-Íóðñêîé, Õåì÷èêñêîé,Öåíòðàëüíîòóâèíñêîé è Òîäæèíñêîé êîò-ëîâèíàõ è ïî ìíîãèì õðåáòàì, êóäà ïðî-íèêàåò ïî äîëèíàì ðåê äî âûñîò 2300–2400 í.ó.ì (Áàðàíîâ, 1991; Ìîëîêîâà,Êàðòàøîâ, 1999). Íàéäåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèèâ äîëèíå ð. Òåñ-Õåì, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Òý-ýëè è ïî ð. Áèé-Õåì. Íàéäåíû ãí¸çäà â ñêà-ëàõ ð. Êà÷èê Ýðçèíñêîãî ð-íà, íà ñêàëü-íûõ îñòàíöàõ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ï. Ýðçèí, âäîëèíå ð. Ýæèì (Òóâèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà), îê-ðåñòíîñòÿõ îç. Êàðà-Õîëü, â Ñàãëèíñêîéäîëèíå ïî ð. Øèí è Îðòà-Õàëûûí, ïî ð.Áàðëûê, Êàðãû, Ìîãåí-Áóðåí.  Ñàãëèíñ-êîé äîëèíå èçâåñòíî 3 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàðû(ïëîòíîñòü 1,6 îñîáåé íà 100 êì2), â Êàð-ãèíñêîé – 4 ïàðû (2,3 îñîáè íà 100 êì2), âäðóãèõ ðàéîíàõ Òóâû ÷èñëåííîñòü çíà÷è-òåëüíî íèæå, â íåêîòîðûõ ìåñòàõ ôèëèíâîîáùå íå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ (Áàðàíîâ,1991).  öåëîì ïëîòíîñòü íå ïðåâûøàåò0,8–1 îñîáè íà 100 êì2, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòüîöåíèâàåòñÿ â 400–500 îñîáåé (Áàðàíîâ,Çàáåëèí, 2002). Îòìå÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî â ïîñëå-äíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà âÒóâå ñíèçèëàñü ïî íåèçâåñòíûì ïðè÷èíàì(Áàðàíîâ, Çàáåëèí, 2002).

Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé

Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü

Ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà 2006 ã. àâòîðîì ñ êîë-ëåãàìè â ðåãèîíå ïëîùàäüþ 595195,78 êì2

ôèëèí è ïðèçíàêè åãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ âñòðå-÷åíû â 415 òî÷êàõ, è âûÿâëåíî 322 ãíåç-

Ðèñ. 2. Ïëîùàäè ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê, ïëîùàäè ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèî-òîïîâ è êîëè÷åñòâî îáíàðóæåííûõ ïàð ôèëèíîâ íà ïëîùàäêàõ

Fig. 2. Area of study plots, nesting biotopes, and numbers of re-corded pairs of the Eagle Owl on plots

Ðèñ. 3. Ïðåäåëû âàðèàöèè äàííûõ (SE, SD) ïëîùàäè ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà áèîòîïîâ íà ïëîùàäêàõ è êîëè÷åñòâà îáíà-ðóæåííûõ â ýòèõ áèîòîïàõ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð ôèëèíîâ

Fig. 3. Limits of variations (SE, SD) for area of the Eagle Owl nest-ing biotopes on study plots and number of breeding pairs re-corded on plots

Page 25: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 25

äîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíîâ.  îáùåé ñëîæ-íîñòè îáíàðóæåíî 309 çàíÿòûõ ãí¸çä, âêîòîðûõ îòìå÷åí 141 ñëó÷àé óñïåøíîãîðàçìíîæåíèÿ.

Íà ïëîùàäêàõ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 169ãí¸çä, çàíÿòûõ ôèëèíàìè (îò 1 äî 14 íàîäíîé ïëîùàäêå, â ñðåäíåì 4,69 ± 2,91),117 èç êîòîðûõ áûëè æèëûìè íà ìîìåíòîáíàðóæåíèÿ (ðèñ. 2, ðèñ. 3). Òàêæå 7 ãíåç-äîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ ëîêàëèçîâàíî íàó÷¸òíûõ ìàðøðóòàõ è 13 – íà êëàñòåðíîéó÷¸òíîé ïëîùàäè â ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðü-ÿõ Àëòàÿ (òàáë. 1).

Êîëè÷åñòâî îáíàðóæåííûõ íà ó÷¸òíûõïëîùàäÿõ ãí¸çä ôèëèíà ïîëîæèòåëüíî êîð-ðåëèðóåò ñ ïëîùàäüþ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ (ðèñ. 3) (r = 0,644, F = 24,05, R2

= 0,414, P < 0,0005). Ïåðåñ÷¸ò ñðåäíèõïîêàçàòåëåé ïëîòíîñòè íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùà-äÿõ (0,08 ± 0,17 ïàð/1 êì2; çäåñü è äàëåå âäàííûõ ïî ïëîòíîñòè M ± SE) è ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûõ ïëîùàäÿõ (0,39 ± 0,11 ïàð/1 êì2)íà ïëîùàäü ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿîáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíà è ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà áèîòîïîâ â ðåãèîíå äà¸òñëåäóþùèå öèôðû: 1981 – 3255, â ñðåä-íåì 2539 ïàð è 2831 – 3893, â ñðåäíåì3320 ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Íà ðåçóëüòàòû ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ñóùåñòâåí-íî âëèÿþò òàêèå ôàêòîðû êàê íåðàâíîìåð-íîñòü ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ôèëèíà â ðàçíûõïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíàõ (îñîáåííî â ãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ è ãîðíî-òà¸æíûõ), à òàêæå áîëü-øàÿ ðàçíèöà ïëîùàäåé, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðè-ãîäíûõ äëÿ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé ôèëèíà, èãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ â ðàçëè÷íûõïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíàõ. Ïåðåñ÷¸ò ñðåäíèõïîêàçàòåëåé ïëîòíîñòè íà óñðåäí¸ííûåäàííûå ïî ïëîùàäè ìåñòîîáèòàíèé è ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ äà¸ò íåêîòîðîå çà-íèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè, âîïðåêè òàêèì ìå-òîäàì äëÿ âèäîâ, èìåþùèõ ðàâíîìåðíîåðàñïðåäåëåíèå. ×òîáû èçáàâèòüñÿ îò íå-ìèíóåìî âîçíèêàþùèõ â ýòèõ ñëó÷àÿõ ïî-ãðåøíîñòåé è áîëåå òî÷íî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ôèëèíà, â êàæäîì âûäåëåííîìïðèðîäíîì ðàéîíå áûë îñóùåñòâë¸í áî-ëåå äðîáíûé ïîäõîä ê ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ó÷¸ò-íûõ äàííûõ. Ïðè ðàñ÷¸òå ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäàïî äàííûì ñ íåêîòîðûõ ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîêïðèîðèòåò îòäàâàëñÿ ìåòîäàì ýêñòðàïîëÿöèèëèíåéíûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé ïëîòíîñòè íà ïðîòÿ-æåííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ.

Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëè-íà ëîêàëèçîâàíà â Ðåñïóáëèêàõ Òûâà, Õà-êàñèÿ è Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, ãäå âåëàñü îñíîâ-íàÿ ðàáîòà. Òåððèòîðèè Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé,Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè è Êðàñíîÿðñêîãîêðàÿ ïîñåùàëèñü ýïèçîäè÷åñêè, à Êåìå-ðîâñêàÿ îáëàñòü ïðîõîäèëàñü â áîëüøèí-ñòâå ñëó÷àåâ òðàíçèòíûìè ìàðøðóòàìè.Òåì íå ìåíåå, óäàëîñü ïîëó÷èòü ïðåäñòàâ-ëåíèå î ðàñïðåäåëåíèè ôèëèíà íà âñåéòåððèòîðèè ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî ðåãèîíà(ðèñ. 5).

Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäîâàÿãðóïïèðîâêà ôèëèíà ñîñðåäîòî÷åíà âÌèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå, ïëîùàäü êîòîðîéñîñòàâëÿåò 50087,20 êì2. Çäåñü èçâåñòíî57 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà. Ëåâîáå-ðåæíàÿ ÷àñòü Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû(32690,71 êì2), ëåæàùàÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåí-íî â ïðåäåëàõ Õàêàñèè, ëó÷øå îáñëåäîâà-íà – çäåñü âûÿâëåíî 55 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-

Ðèñ. 4. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð ôèëè-íîâ ïî ïëîùàäêàì â çàâè-ñèìîñòè îò ïëîùàäè ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ

Fig. 4. Distribution ofbreeding pairs of the Ea-gle Owl on study plots inaccordance of area ofnesting biotopes

Ðèñ. 5. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà âÀëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå.Óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ:À – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ôèëèíà; B – ãðàíèöû îáëàñòåéè ðåñïóáëèê Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà; C – àêâàòî-ðèè.Íóìåðàöèÿ îáëàñòåé è ðåñïóáëèê ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íó-ìåðàöèè â òàáëèöå 2

Fig. 5. Distribution of the Eagle Owl breeding areas inthe Altai-Sayan region.A – the Eagle Owl breeding areas; B – borders of districtsand republics of the Altai-Sayan region; C – waterbodies.Numbers of districts and republics are similar ones inthe Table 2

Page 26: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1026

êîâ ôèëèíîâ. Îñíîâíàÿ ðàáîòà âåëàñü â ñå-âåðî-çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëî-âèíû, ïîýòîìó èìåííî îòñþäà ïîëó÷åííàèáîëåå ïîëíûé ìàòåðèàë.

Òàê èëè èíà÷å, ãíåçäîâûå áèîòîïû ôè-ëèíà â Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå ñõîäíû –ýòî ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ ïî âåðøèíàì êó-ýñòîâûõ ãðÿä èëè áåðåãàì ðåê è îç¸ð. Íàíåïðåðûâíûõ ëèíèÿõ ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäîâ ïîâåðøèíàì êóýñòîâûõ ãðÿä ôèëèí ãíåçäèò-ñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî ðàâíîìåðíî â 1,5–3,5 êìïàðà îò ïàðû, â ñðåäíåì 2,4 êì. Íàèáîëü-øåå ïðåäïî÷òåíèå îòäàåòñÿ ñêàëüíûì îá-íàæåíèÿì áëèç âîäî¸ìîâ.  òàêèõ ìåñòàõðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè âîçðàñòàåò äî0,8–2,3 êì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 1,7 êì. Âöåëîì ïî êîòëîâèíå â ñðåäíåì íà 7,1 êìñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, âèäèìûõ íà ñíèìêàõ,ïðèõîäèòñÿ 1 ïàðà ôèëèíîâ. Ïðè ïðîòÿ-æ¸ííîñòè ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé â ñðåäíåìâ 4153,5 êì ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî âÌèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå ãíåçäèòñÿ îêîëî585 ïàð ôèëèíîâ (376–794 ïàð).  ëåâî-áåðåæíîé ÷àñòè Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû,áîëåå áîãàòîé ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè (âñðåäíåì 3337 êì), ðàñïîëîæåííûìè ïðå-èìóùåñòâåííî ïî êóýñòîâûì ãðÿäàì, îáùàÿ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè ôè-ëèíà îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 273–668 ïàð, â ñðåä-

íåì 470.  ïðàâîáåðåæíîé ÷àñòè Ìèíó-ñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû íà ñêàëàõ ïðîòÿæ¸ííî-ñòüþ îêîëî 816 êì ãíåçäèòñÿ 103 – 126, âñðåäíåì 115 ïàð ôèëèíîâ.

Âåðîÿòíî, ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ è â áîðàõïðàâîáåðåæíîé ÷àñòè Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîò-ëîâèíû. Çäåñü íå áûëè íàéäåíû ãí¸çäàôèëèíà, îäíàêî ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü âçðîñ-ëûå ïòèöû è ñëåäû èõ ïðåáûâàíèÿ (ïåðüÿ,ïîåäè, ïîãàäêè). ×àñòîòà ðåãèñòðàöèé ñî-ñòàâèëà 1 îñ./31,4 êì ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðè-ãîäíîé äëÿ ôèëèíà ÷àñòè áîðà. Ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòü ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ áèîòîïîâ(îïóøêà áîðà è ãðèâû âäîëü âíóòðèáîðî-âûõ áîëîò è îç¸ð) ñîñòàâèëà â ñðåäíåì470,7 êì. Åñëè ïðèðàâíÿòü ðåãèñòðàöèè êïàðàì, òî ïîëó÷àåì 14–17, â ñðåäíåì 15ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð.

Ïëîòíîñòü ôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ñî-ñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 1,44 ïàð/100 êì2 îá-ùåé ïëîùàäè â ëåâîáåðåæüå Ìèíóñèíñêîéêîòëîâèíû è 0,75 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëî-ùàäè – â ïðàâîáåðåæüå.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íàãíåçäîâàíèè â Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíåîöåíèâàåòñÿ â 390–811, â ñðåäíåì 600ïàð, èç êîòîðûõ 78,33% ãíåçäèòñÿ â ëåâî-áåðåæíîé ÷àñòè.

Òóâèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà â äâà ðàçà ìåíüøå ïîïëîùàäè ÷åì Ìèíóñèíñêàÿ (25133,22 êì2),íî ìåíåå îñâîåííàÿ ÷åëîâåêîì è áîëååîïóñòûíåííàÿ. Çäåñü ëîêàëèçîâàíî 30ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ, ïðèóðî÷åí-íûõ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ê ñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíè-ÿì ðàçëè÷íîãî òèïà. Ðåëüåô Òóâèíñêîéêîòëîâèíû íåñêîëüêî îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò Ìèíó-ñèíñêîé – çäåñü íåò ýðîçèîííûõ è ëåäíè-êîâûõ êóýñòîâûõ ãðÿä, çàòî èìååòñÿ ìàññàñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé ïî ñêëîíàì íåáîëü-øèõ õðåáòîâ è îñòàíöîâûõ âîçâûøåííîñ-òåé. Ïëîòíîñòü ôèëèíà íà ñêàëàõ â Òóâèí-ñêîé êîòëîâèíå ïðàêòè÷åñêè òàêàÿ æå, êàêè â Ìèíóñèíñêîé (1,45 ïàð/10 êì ñêàëü-íûõ îáíàæåíèé, 1,19 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåéïëîùàäè), îäíàêî áîëåå íåðàâíîìåðíà âñâÿçè ñ áîëüøîé ðàçîáùåííîñòüþ êðóïíûõñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâîâ.  áîðàõ Òóâèíñêîéêîòëîâèíû ôèëèí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íå îá-íàðóæåí, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî îáñëåäîâà-íî áîëåå 120 êì îïóøêè óöåëåâøèõ îòïîæàðîâ ó÷àñòêîâ Áàëãàçûíñêîãî è Êàëáàê-Õàäûíñêîãî áîðîâ. Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòüôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Òóâèíñêîé êîò-ëîâèíå îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 129–469, â ñðåä-íåì 299 ïàð.

Óáñóíóðñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà â ïðåäåëàõ ðàñ-ñìàòðèâàåìîãî ðåãèîíà çàíèìàåò ïëîùàäü12731,57 êì2. Íàèáîëåå áîãàòàÿ ôèëèíîìòåððèòîðèÿ – þæíûé ìàêðîñêëîí Òàííó-

Ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíàâ Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëî-âèíå â Ðåñïóáëèêå Õà-êàññèÿ (ââåðõó) è â Òó-âèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå (ð.Ýëåãåñò) â ÐåñïóáëèêåÒûâà (âíèçó). Ôîòî È. Êà-ðÿêèíà

Inhabitant places of theEagle Owl in the Mi-nusinsk depression in theRepublic of Khakasia (up-per) and in the Tuva de-pression (Elegest river) inthe Tuva Republic (bot-tom). Photo by I. Karyakin

Page 27: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 27

Îëà, ðàâíîìåðíî èçðåçàííûé ãëóáîêèìèóùåëüÿìè. Çäåñü èçâåñòíî 60 ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ, ïðèóðî÷åííûõ ê ñêàëü-íûì îáíàæåíèÿì óùåëèé. Ôèëèíû ãíåçäÿò-ñÿ â êàæäîì óùåëüå ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ áî-ëåå 2-õ êì, çàíèìàÿ, êàê ïðàâèëî, áîëååðàñ÷ëåí¸ííûå ó÷àñòêè ñ øèðîêèìè äîëè-íàìè. Çà 6 ëåò èññëåäîâàíèé çäåñü îáñëå-äîâàíî îêîëî 15% ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿôèëèíà óùåëèé. Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüóùåëèé, ïîäõîäÿùèõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôè-ëèíà ïî ðÿäó êðèòåðèåâ, ñîñòàâëÿåò 814 –968 êì.  ñðåäíåì íà ïàðó ôèëèíîâ ïðè-õîäèòñÿ 2,2 êì óùåëèé èëè 2,86 êì2 ñêàëü-íûõ îáíàæåíèé. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,35ïàð/1 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ èëè4,11 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïðèïëîùàäè ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ îêî-ëî 1158 êì2 ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî îá-ùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè âóùåëüÿõ þæíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Òàííó-Îëàñîñòàâëÿåò 347–462, â ñðåäíåì 405 ïàð –ýòî íàèáîëåå ïëîòíàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïè-ðîâêà âèäà â ðåãèîíå.

 ëåâîáåðåæüå Òåñ-Õåìà ôèëèí ãíåçäèò-ñÿ â îñòàíöîâûõ ãîðàõ, óùåëüÿõ õð. Àãàð-Äàã-Òàéãà è íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ Òåñ-Õåìà. Çäåñü îáñëåäîâàíî ÷óòü áîëååïîëîâèíû âñåõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ôè-ëèíà áèîòîïîâ. Îñòàíöîâûå ãîðû ÿâëÿþò-ñÿ, ïî ñóòè, òî÷å÷íûìè îáúåêòàìè, óäàë¸í-

íûìè äðóã îò äðóãà íà äåñÿòêè êèëîìåòðîâ.Ñðåäè îñòàíöåâ âûäåëÿåòñÿ ßìàëûã (êëàñ-òåð çàïîâåäíèêà «Óáñóíóðñêàÿ êîòëîâè-íà»), ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü êîòîðîãî 5,5 êì, àøèðèíà ñêàëüíîãî ãðåáíÿ – îêîëî 500 ì.Íà ßìàëûãå âûÿâëåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êà, è ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ ãíåçäîâàíèå åù¸ 1ïàðû ôèëèíîâ.  öåëîì ïî ïðèðîäíîìóðàéîíó èçâåñòåí 21 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîêôèëèíîâ, 16–20 èç êîòîðûõ çàíèìàþòñÿåæåãîäíî. Ïðè îáùåé ïëîùàäè ñêàëüíûõîáíàæåíèé 66,6 êì2 è ïëîòíîñòè ôèëèíà0,56 ïàð/êì2 ñêàë ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåí-íîñòü âèäà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ëåâîáåðåæüåÒåñ-Õåìà â 33–41, â ñðåäíåì 37 ïàð.

Âíå ñêàë íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ôèëèííå ãíåçäèòñÿ, õîòÿ èìåþòñÿ êðóïíûå ìàñ-ñèâû áóãðèñòûõ ïåñêîâ, ÿâëÿþùèåñÿ õàðàê-òåðíûìè ãíåçäîâûìè áèîòîïàìè âèäà âîìíîãèõ ðàéîíàõ Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôè-ëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Óáñóíóðñêîé êîò-ëîâèíå â ïðåäåëàõ ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî ðå-ãèîíà îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 380–503, â ñðåäíåì442 ïàðû, èç êîòîðûõ 91,63% ãíåçäèòñÿ âóùåëüÿõ Òàííó-Îëà.

 Òóðàíñêîé êîòëîâèíå (1813,97 êì2)ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ òàê æå, êàê è â Òóâèíñêîé,èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ,ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà ãðÿäîâûõ, áîëåå ðàñ-ïðîñòðàí¸ííûõ çäåñü, ïðåäïî÷èòàÿ òå, êî-òîðûå íàâèñàþò íàä äîëèíîé Óþêà. Çäåñüèçâåñòíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíîâ.Ïðè ñðåäíåé ïëîòíîñòè 0,91 ïàð/100 êì2

îáùåé ïëîùàäè (11,6 ïàð/100 êì2 ìåñ-òîîáèòàíèé) îáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäî-âîé ãðóïïèðîâêè ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 15–18 ïàð.

Ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíàâ îïóñòûíåííûõ ãîðàõÒàíó-Îëà â ÐåñïóáëèêåÒûâà (ââåðõó) è íà Þæ-íî÷óéñêîì õðåáòå â Ðåñ-ïóáëèêå Àëòàé (âíèçó).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Inhabitant places of theEagle Owl in the desertTanu-Ola Mountains inthe Tuva Republic (upper)and in the South ChuyaMountains in the Repub-lic of Altai (bottom). Pho-to by I. Karyakin

Ïòåíåö ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå. Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà.Ôîòî È. ÊàðÿêèíàChick of the Eagle Owl in the nest. Republic ofTuva. Photo by I. Karyakin

Page 28: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1028

Þãî-Âîñòî÷íûé Àëòàé ïëîùàäüþ26692,50 êì2 – ãîðíûé óçåë ñ îäíèìè èçíàèáîëåå âûñîêèõ õðåáòîâ è ãîðíûõ ìàñ-ñèâîâ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà – Ìîíãóí-Òàéãà, Ñàéëþãåì, õðåáòû ×èõà÷åâà, Êóðàé-ñêèé, Þæíî-×óéñêèé. Çäåñü ôèëèíãíåçäèòñÿ êàê â óùåëüÿõ õðåáòîâ, òàê è ïîñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíèÿì ðå÷íûõ äîëèí è îñ-òàíöîâûõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé, ïîäíèìàÿñü äîâûñîòû 3000 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ, â ÷àñò-íîñòè, â Äæóëóêîëüñêîé êîòëîâèíå è íàïëàòî Óêîê, ãäå ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ ñàìûå âû-ñîêèå ãí¸çäà ôèëèíà èç èçâåñòíûõ. Íà äàí-íîé òåððèòîðèè ëîêàëèçîâàíî 11 ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà. Áîëüøèíñòâî ãí¸çäïðèóðî÷åíî ê ñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíèÿì ðå÷-íûõ äîëèí, ïðîðåçàþùèõ ñêëîíû Þæíî-×óéñêîãî è Êóðàéñêîãî õðåáòîâ ïî ïåðè-ôåðèè ×óéñêîé ñòåïè è ñêëîíû õðåáòîâÖàãàí-Øèáåòó è Áàðìåí ïî ïåðèôåðèèÓðýãíóðñêîé êîòëîâèíû. Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ôèëèíà çäåñü ñóùåñòâåííî ìåíüøå,÷åì â ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ, è ñîñòàâëÿåò 7,3ïàð/100 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâèëè 0,28 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Èñ-õîäÿ èç ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ, ìîæíî îöåíèòü÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â äàí-íîì ïðèðîäíîì ðàéîíå â 67–82, â ñðåä-íåì 75 ïàð, 55,06% èç êîòîðûõ ãíåçäèòñÿïî ïåðèôåðèè ×óéñêîé ñòåïè.

 àëüïèéñêîì ïîÿñå Ñåâåðíîãî Àëòàÿ, Êóç-íåöêîãî Àëàòàó è Ñàÿíà è ó âåðõíåãî ïðåäå-ëà ëåñà ôèëèí îòñóòñòâóåò, ïîÿâëÿÿñü íà ãíåç-äîâàíèè â îáëåñåííûõ ãîðàõ ëèøü íèæå 2500ì, ãäå èìåþòñÿ ïðèðå÷íûå ñêàëû íà íåáîëü-øèõ ðåêàõ (øèðèíîé áîëåå 100 ì) ñ îòêðû-òûìè áèîòîïàìè, ëèáî êðóïíûå ñêàëüíûåîáíàæåíèÿ â øèðîêèõ ðå÷íûõ äîëèíàõ. Âãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå ïðèðå÷íûå ñêàëüíûåîáíàæåíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè åäèí-ñòâåííûìè ãíåçäîâûìè áèîòîïàìè ôèëèíà.Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íèçêîãîðüÿ è ñðåäíåãîðüÿ,

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå. Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà. Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Eagle Owl in the nest. Republic of Tuva.Photo by I. Karyakin

Óñèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà, ïëîùàäüþ 197,22êì2, ñî âñåõ ñòîðîí çàæàòà îáëåñåííûìèãîðàìè, ÷òî äåëàåò å¸ äîñòàòî÷íî ïðèâëå-êàòåëüíîé äëÿ ôèëèíà. Çäåñü îáíàðóæåíîäèí ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê, à òàêæå åù¸ â îä-íîé òî÷êå (íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè ñòåï-íîãî ñêëîíà õðåáòà âäîëü þæíîãî îáðàì-ëåíèÿ êîòëîâèíû) âñòðå÷åí âçðîñëûéôèëèí. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äâóõ ðåãèñòðàöèé,ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 3,8 ïàð/100 êì2 îá-ùåé ïëîùàäè (0,9 ïàð/1 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûõ áèîòîïîâ), à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôè-ëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè îöåíåíà â 6–8 ïàð.

 Êóçíåöêîé êîòëîâèíå (26074,75 êì2)ôèëèí îáíàðóæåí ëèøü íà ñêàëüíûõ îá-íàæåíèÿõ ðåêè Òîìü íà 2-õ ó÷àñòêàõ. Âöåíòðå êîòëîâèíû áûëè îáñëåäîâàíûñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ ïî îñòåïí¸ííûì âîç-âûøåííîñòÿì, îäíàêî, íåñìîòðÿ íà èõñõîäñòâî ñ îáíàæåíèÿìè â Ìèíóñèíñêîéêîòëîâèíå, çàñåë¸ííûìè ôèëèíàìè, òóò íåáûëî îáíàðóæåíî äàæå ñëåäîâ åãî ïðåáû-âàíèÿ. Ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà â Êóç-íåöêîé êîòëîâèíå âûÿâëåíî íå áûëî, íå-ñìîòðÿ íà ýòî âåñüìà âåðîÿòíîãíåçäîâàíèå âèäà íà ñêàëàõ ïî áåðåãàì ð.Òîìü è å¸ êðóïíûõ ïðèòîêîâ â êîëè÷åñòâå5–10 ïàð. Ýòî ýêñïåðòíàÿ îöåíêà è, âîç-ìîæíî, ÷òî îíà íåñêîëüêî çàíèæåíà.

Ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíàâ âûñîêîãîðüÿõ þãî-âîñòî÷íîãî Àëòàÿ è þãî-çàïàäíîé Òóâû (ââåðõó)èâ òà¸æíîì ïîÿñå Ñàÿíà(âíèçó). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Inhabitant places of theEagle Owl in high moun-tains in the Southeast Al-tai and Southwest Tuva(upper) and taiga in theSayan Mountains (bot-tom). Photo by I. Karyakin

Page 29: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 29

ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì, çàíèìàþùèå ÷óòü ìåíååïîëîâèíû òåððèòîðèè ðåãèîíà (44,57%),íàèìåíåå ïëîòíî íàñåëåíû ôèëèíîì.Çäåñü èçâåñòíî 43 ó÷àñòêà, ãäå ðåãèñòðè-ðîâàëèñü ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëèíîâ, èáûëè âñòðå÷åíû ïòèöû; èç íèõ íà 18 ó÷àñ-òêàõ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà, è âñòðå÷å-íû ñë¸òêè. Ïëîòíîñòü çàâèñèò îò ðàçâèòèÿãèäðîñåòè â ãîðàõ, ïîëíîòû ðåê è òèïà ëåñàè èçìåíÿåòñÿ îò 0,7 äî 22,3 ïàð/100 êìðåêè èëè îò 0,16 äî 0,88 ïàð/100 êì2 îá-ùåé ïëîùàäè, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 7,9 ïàð/100 êì ðåêè èëè 0,43 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåéïëîùàäè.  öåëîì ïî ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíåðåãèîíà ïàðà ôèëèíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà12,66 êì ðåêè (ñ ó÷¸òîì òåõ ðåê, ãäå ôè-ëèí íå áûë îáíàðóæåí).

ìîñíèìêàõ. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò îöå-íèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â äàííûõ áèîòî-ïàõ â 481 – 513, ñðåäíåì â 497 ïàð. Ñòîëüíèçêàÿ ïîãðåøíîñòü ïðè áîëüøîé ïëîùà-äè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè âûçâàíà òåì, ÷òî êîëè-÷åñòâî ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ çäåñüîãðàíè÷åíî, è îíè ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå çàíÿ-òû ôèëèíàìè.

Íà ìîäåëüíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ íà ðåêàõ Àíóé,Ýëåãåñò, Íàðûí è Óñà 30% ïàð ôèëèíîâãíåçäèëîñü íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ ðåêè ñêëîíàõ õðåáòîâ íàä ðå÷íûìè äîëèíàìèâ áèîòîïàõ, êîòîðûå íå âûäåëÿëèñü ïîñíèìêàì ëèáî âûäåëÿëèñü ñ íåáîëüøîéâåðîÿòíîñòüþ. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòîò ôàêò ìîæíîïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî 144 – 154, â ñðåäíåì 149ïàð íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè ãíåç-äèòñÿ âíå ïðåäåëîâ êðóïíûõ ðå÷íûõ äî-ëèí, ìàêñèìàëüíî ïîäõîäÿùèõ äëÿ ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ôèëèíà. Îáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòüôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè äëÿ ðàññìàòðèâà-åìîé òåððèòîðèè ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 625–667 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 646,1 ïàð.

Ìåíåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûìè äëÿ ãíåçäîâà-íèÿ ôèëèíà ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîêðûòûå ëåñîìíèçêîãîðüÿ è ñðåäíåãîðüÿ ñåâåðíîãî ìàê-ðîñêëîíà Ñàÿíà, Ñåâåðíîãî Àëòàÿ, Êóçíåö-êîãî Àëàòàó, à òàêæå õð. Îáðó÷åâà(151161,13 êì2). Ýòà òåððèòîðèÿ ïðàêòè-÷åñêè íå èçó÷åíà èç-çà å¸ òðóäíîäîñòóï-íîñòè – ëîêàëèçîâàí âñåãî îäèí ãíåçäîâîéó÷àñòîê ôèëèíîâ â òàéãå Êóçíåöêîãî Àëà-òàó, è íà 23 ó÷àñòêàõ íàáëþäàëèñü ïòèöûèëè èõ ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ. Èìåþùèåñÿ äàí-íûå ïîçâîëÿþò êîíñòàòèðîâàòü ôàêò íàè-ìåíüøåé ïëîòíîñòè ôèëèíà. Ãèäðîñåòü âðàññìàòðèâàåìîì ïðèðîäíîì ðàéîíå ðàç-âèòà ìåíüøå, êàê ìåíüøå è âðåçàííîñòü ðåêâ ìàòåðèíñêèå ïîðîäû, ÷òî ñóùåñòâåííîóìåíüøàåò êîëè÷åñòâî ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæå-íèé, ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóåò îñòåïíåíèåêðóòîñêëîíîâ, è äîìèíèðóåò òåìíîõâîéíàÿ

Íàèáîëåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûìè äëÿ ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ôèëèíà ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãîðû Öåíòðàëüíî-ãî è Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ, Òàííó-Îëà, Ñåíãè-ëåíà è þæíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ñàÿíà(95592,78 êì2). Çäåñü èìååòñÿ õîðîøî ðàç-âèòàÿ ãèäðîñåòü ñ ïîëíîâîäíûìè ðåêàìè,ãëóáîêî âðåçàííûìè â ìàòåðèíñêèå ïîðî-äû, ñ ýëåìåíòàìè îñòåïíåíèÿ ïî êðóòîñê-ëîíàì þæíîé ýêñïîçèöèè, à ëåñà, â îñíîâ-íîì, ïðåäñòàâëåíû ðàçðåæåííûìèëèñòâåííè÷íèêàìè, áîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûìèäëÿ ôèëèíà ÷åì òåìíîõâîéíûå è ñîìêíó-òûå ëèñòâåííûå. Íà 2-õ êðóïíûõ ó÷¸òíûõïëîùàäÿõ çäåñü ëîêàëèçîâàíî 17 ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, è âñòðå÷åíû ôèëèíû â 2-õòî÷êàõ. Íà äàííûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ ïàðà ôè-ëèíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ â ñðåäíåì íà 9,5 êìðåêè, à ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì0,67 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïðîòÿ-æ¸ííîñòü ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, óñëîâíî ãíåçäîï-ðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîéòåððèòîðèè, ñîñòàâëÿåò 6749,75 êì, èç êî-òîðûõ 4721,5 êì ìàêñèìàëüíî ïðèãîäíûäëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, ò.å. èìåþò îïòè-ìàëüíóþ ñîâîêóïíîñòü ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæå-íèé è îòêðûòûõ áèîòîïîâ, âèäèìûõ íà êîñ-

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå.Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà. ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Eagle Owlin the nest. Republic ofTuva. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå. Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà. Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Eagle Owl in the nest. Republic of Tuva.Photo by I. Karyakin

Page 30: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1030

òàéãà, ÷òî äåëàåò äîëèíû íàè-ìåíåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûìè äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà. Òî, ÷òîôèëèí èçáåãàåò ñïëîøíûå ìàñ-ñèâû òåìíîõâîéíîé òàéãè, çà-ìåòèë åù¸ Ñ.Ì. Ïðîêîôüåâ(1994) íà Êóçíåöêîì Àëàòàó.

Ïðè áîëüøåé ïëîùàäè ðàñ-ñìàòðèâàåìîãî ïðèðîäíîãîðàéîíà â 1,6 ðàçà, ÷åì ïðå-äûäóùèé, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ðå÷-íûõ äîëèí, ìàêñèìàëüíî ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà,íàîáîðîò, ìåíüøå â 1,6 ðàç èñîñòàâëÿåò 2898,73 êì. Äàæååñëè ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü ñðåäíèåïî ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå ïîêàçà-òåëè ïëîòíîñòè (7,9 ïàð/100êì ðåêè èëè 0,27 ïàð/100 êì2

îáùåé ïëîùàäè), îöåíêà ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè ñîñòàâèò 103 – 354, âñðåäíåì 229 ïàð èëè 134 –

462, â ñðåäíåì 297,7 ïàð, ñ ó÷¸òîì òåõ 30%,÷òî ãíåçäÿòñÿ â áèîòîïàõ ïëîõî «âèäèìûõ»íà êîñìîñíèìêàõ. Âîçìîæíî, äàííàÿ îöåí-êà íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåíà.

Ãîðíî-ëåñíàÿ çîíà Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà(18506,16 êì2), â îòëè÷èå îò âñåõ ïðåäû-äóùèõ òåððèòîðèé, ñèëüíî îñâîåíà ÷å-ëîâåêîì, îäíàêî, ýòî íå âëèÿåò íåãàòèâ-íî íà ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ôèëèíà, ñêîðååíàîáîðîò, ìîçàèêà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõóãîäèé íà ïðèäîëèííûõ òåððàñàõ ñîçäàåòáîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûå óñëîâèÿ äëÿ îáèòà-íèÿ ôèëèíà. Êàê ñëåäñòâèå, ïëîòíîñòü ôè-ëèíà íà êðóïíûõ ðåêàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿ-

æà âûøå, ÷åì íà àíàëîãè÷íûõðåêàõ Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó.Çäåñü áûëà äîñòàòî÷íî õîðî-øî îáñëåäîâàíà äîëèíà ð.Áåðäü íà ó÷àñòêå íèæå ñ. Ìàñ-ëÿíèíî, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ32,63 êì, ãäå ëîêàëèçîâàíî 5ó÷àñòêîâ, çàíèìàåìûõ ôèëè-íàìè. Ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèåìåæäó ó÷àñòêàìè ôèëèíîâñîñòàâëÿåò 4,4 êì (2,4 – 6,0êì), ò.å. íà 1 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñ-òîê â îïòèìàëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõïðèõîäèòñÿ 4,4 êì ðåêè èëè4,84 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîéïëîùàäè äîëèíû (Êàðÿêèí èäð., 2005). Îáùàÿ ïëîòíîñòüäëÿ áàññåéíà Áåðäè ñîñòàâëÿ-åò 0,38 ïàð/100 êì2. Ó÷èòû-âàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü Ñàëàèð-ñêèõ ðåê, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà (308êì), è îáùóþ ïëîùàäü ãîð-

íî-ëåñíîé çîíû Ñàëàèðà, ìîæíî îöåíèòü÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â63–77, â ñðåäíåì 70 ïàð.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôè-ëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíåÀëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà îöåíèâàåòñÿ â822–1206, â ñðåäíåì 1014 ïàð, èç êîòî-ðûõ 39,9% ãíåçäèòñÿ â ãîðàõ Çàïàäíîãî èÖåíòðàëüíîãî Àëòàÿ.

Ñîëãîíñêèé êðÿæ (2937,93 êì2), îáðàì-ëÿþùèé ñ ñåâåðà Ìèíóñèíñêóþ êîòëîâè-íó, ëåæèò â çîíàëüíîé ïîäòàéãå. Íàìè ýòàòåððèòîðèÿ íå îáñëåäîâàëàñü, îäíàêî ïîäàííûì Ñ.Ì. Ïðîêîôüåâà ïëîòíîñòü ôè-ëèíà çäåñü àíàëîãè÷íà ïëîòíîñòè â ïðåä-ãîðüÿõ Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó. Èñõîäÿ èç ñðåä-íåé ïî ïðåäãîðüÿì ïëîòíîñòè â 0,61 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè, ìîæíî îöåíèòü÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â äàííîì ïðèðîäíîìðàéîíå â 12–24 ïàðû.

Ëåñîñòåïíàÿ è ñòåïíàÿ çîíû ïðåäãîðèéÇàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ çàíèìàþò ïëîùàäü29281,36 êì2, èç êîòîðîé ïîòåíöèàëüíîïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíà òåððèòî-ðèÿ – 24543,34 êì2, à ïëîùàäü òèïè÷íûõìåñò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, êàêèìè ÿâëÿþò-ñÿ ñòåïíûå ó÷àñòêè ñ ïåðåñå÷¸ííûì ðåëü-åôîì, ñîñòàâëÿåò 2174,21 êì2. Ïîíÿòíî,÷òî ïëîùàäü ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, êîòîðûåçàíèìàåò ôèëèí, åù¸ ìåíüøå, îäíàêî áî-ëåå 50% èç íèõ íå âèäèìû íà êîñìîñíèì-êàõ èç-çà íåáîëüøîé ïåðåñå÷¸ííîñòè ëàí-äøàôòà.

Ýòî ñàìûé çàïàäíûé ôîðïîñò íàñêàëü-íûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê ôèëèíà â Àë-òàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. Çäåñü èçâåñòíî 28ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ, 14 èç êîòî-ðûõ ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû íà 3-õ ó÷¸òíûõ ïëî-ùàäêàõ 2001–2004 ãã. îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ1310,66 êì2 â âåðõîâüÿõ Àëåÿ (804,18 êì2),Ëîêòåâêè (409,49 êì2) è íà ×àðûøå (96,99êì2). Çäåñü ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäóãí¸çäàìè ôèëèíîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 3,14 êì (1,4– 4,8 êì; n=10), ò.å. íà êàæäóþ ïàðó ïðè-õîäèòñÿ 7,75 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùà-äè èëè 100,82 êì2 ïëîùàäè, ïîòåíöèàëüíîïðèãîäíîé äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíà. Ïðÿìàÿýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ïëîùàäü,ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ ôè-ëèíà (24543,34 êì2), ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî â ïðå-äåëàõ âûäåëåííîãî ïîëèãîíà ìîæåò ãíåç-äèòüñÿ 243 ïàðû ôèëèíîâ. Îäíàêî ýòàöèôðà ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ íåñêîëüêî çàíèæåí-íîé. Ñðåäíÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü ôèëèíà â öåëîìïî ïðèðîäíîìó ðàéîíó ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,89ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè, ÷òî ñîîòâåò-ñòâóåò îöåíêå ÷èñëåííîñòè â ñðåäíåì â 262ïàðû. Áîëåå òî÷íàÿ ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿíà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû äà¸ò ÷èñëåí-

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà. Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà. ÔîòîÈ. ÊàðÿêèíàFledgling of the Eagle Owl. Republic ofTuva. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ïòåíåö ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå. ÐåñïóáëèêàÒûâà. Ôîòî È. ÊàðÿêèíàChick of the Eagle Owl in the nest. Republicof Tuva. Photo by I. Karyakin

Page 31: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 31

íîñòü â 253 – 309, â ñðåäíåì281 ïàð (Êàðÿêèí è äð.,2005).

Áèå-×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåí-íîñòü (23273,39 êì2) – ñèëü-íî òðàíñôîðìèðîâàííàÿ âîç-âûøåííîñòü â ïðåäãîðüÿõÑàëàèðà, ïîêðûòàÿ âòîðè÷íû-ìè ìåëêîëèñòâåííûìè ëåñà-ìè. Ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìåíèôèëèí ñîõðàíèëñÿ çäåñü ëèøüïî ñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíèÿì ðåê(â îñíîâíîì, ×óìûø è åãîïðèòîêè). Íàìè áûëè îáñëå-äîâàíû äîëèíû Øóáèíêè è×óìûøà íà ïðîòÿæåíèè 67êì, è îáíàðóæåí ëèøü îäèíãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ôèëèíîâ, à

òàêæå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû ñëåäû ïðåáûâà-íèÿ ôèëèíà â åù¸ îäíîé òî÷êå (Êàðÿêèí èäð., 2005). Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,09 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè èëè 1 ïàðà/33,5êì ðåêè. Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò18–22 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 20 ïàð è ìîæåòáûòü íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåííîé.

Ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè (3077,76 êì2)– ëåñîñòåïíàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ, çàæàòàÿ ìåæäóÏðåäàëòàéñêîé ðàâíèíîé (ëåñîñòåïü Îá-ñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ), Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîç-âûøåííîñòüþ è ïåðåäîâûìè ñêëàäêàìèÀëòàÿ, íåñ¸ò â ñåáå ÷åðòû âñåõ òð¸õ âûøå-

óêàçàííûõ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ. ÒåððàñàÁèè, ïîñëå âûõîäà ðåêè èç ãîð, ïîêðûòàáîðàìè, ê êîòîðûì äîñòàòî÷íî áëèçêî ïîä-õîäÿò ñòåïíûå óâàëû Àëòàÿ ñ ëèñòâåííûìèëåñàìè ïî ñåâåðíûì ñêëîíàì. Îäíàêîáîðû ïî ñâîèì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì äàëåêèêàê îò òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ Îáè, òàê è îò ëåí-òî÷íûõ áîðîâ Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ, à ïå-ðåäîâûå ñêëàäêè Àëòàÿ ñãëàæåíû è ïðàê-òè÷åñêè ëèøåíû ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Âñ¸ýòî äåëàåò òåððèòîðèþ ìåíåå ïðèâëåêà-òåëüíîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, ÷åì ñî-ñåäíèå. Êàê ñëåäñòâèå, çäåñü íå óäàëîñüíàéòè ãí¸çä ôèëèíà, õîòÿ ïðèçíàêè ïðå-áûâàíèÿ âçðîñëûõ ïòèö îáíàðóæåíû âáîðó áëèç ñ. Óñÿòñêîå è íà ñêàëàõ ð. Èøà.Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,16 ïàð/100 êì2

îáùåé ïëîùàäè, èñõîäÿ èç ÷åãî ìîæíîïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå â ìåæäóðå÷üåÁèè è Êàòóíè 3–7 ïàð ôèëèíîâ.

Ëåñíîå è ëåñîñòåïíîå Çàîáüå (13123,44êì2) – ñèëüíî òðàíñôîðìèðîâàííûé õîçÿé-ñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ ÷åëîâåêà õîëìèñ-òî-óâàëèñòûé ëåñîñòåïíîé ëàíäøàôò â ïðà-âîáåðåæüå Îáè. Ñòåïü ñîõðàíèëàñü ëèøüôðàãìåíòàìè ïî êðóòîñêëîíàì ðå÷íûõäîëèí, ëåñà ïðåäñòàâëåíû ïðåèìóùåñòâåí-íî âòîðè÷íûìè ìåëêîëèñòâåííûìè íà ìå-ñòå ñìåøàííûõ è õâîéíûõ. Òåððèòîðèÿñèëüíî íàñåëåíà (çäåñü íàõîäÿòñÿ êðóïíûåãîðîäà Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè: Íîâîñè-áèðñê, Áåðäñê, Èñêèòèì). Ñòåðåîòèïû ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà òóò áëèçêè ê òàêîâûì íàÏðèîáñêîì ïëàòî – óìåðåíî îáëåñåííûåêðóòîñêëîíû áàëîê áëèç îòêðûòûõ ïðî-ñòðàíñòâ è âîçâûøåííûå ó÷àñòêè òåððàñïðèòîêîâ Îáè, ïîêðûòûå áîðàìè èëè ñìå-øàííûìè ëåñàìè. Çäåñü ôèëèí óñòðàèâàåòãí¸çäà ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà çåìëå â îñíî-âàíèÿõ ñòâîëîâ äåðåâüåâ ïî âåðøèííûìýëåìåíòàì ðåëüåôà. Íà òåððèòîðèè ðàé-îíà âûÿâëåí 1 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ôèëèíà,è â 2-õ òî÷êàõ îáíàðóæåíû ñëåäû ïðåáû-âàíèÿ ïòèö. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,17 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 20–25 ïàðû.

Ëåñíàÿ çîíà ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãîïðàâîáåðåæüÿ (16437,17 êì2) ïðåäñòàâëå-íà ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî òåððàñíûìè áîðàìèÎáè. Çäåñü ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ íà îáðûâàõîáñêîé òåððàñû ëèáî âíóòðè áîðîâ ïî

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà áëèç ãíåçäà. ÐåñïóáëèêàÀëòàé. Ôîòî È. ÊàðÿêèíàFledgling of the Eagle Owl near the nest.Republic of Altai. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíà â Ïðèîáñêèõ è Àëòàéñêèõáîðàõ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå è Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè(ââåðõó) è â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ñàëàèðà (ð. Áåðäü) â Íîâîñè-áèðñêîé îáëàñòè (âíèçó). Ôîòî È. ÊàðÿêèíàInhabitant places of the Eagle Owl in pine forests in theAltai Kray and Novosibirsk district (upper) and in foothillsof the Salair Mountains (Berd river) in the Novosibirskdistrict (bottom). Photo by I. Karyakin

Page 32: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1032

áåðåãàì îç¸ð è áîëîò, óñòðàèâàÿ ãí¸çäà íàçåìëå â ïîäíîæèè ñòâîëîâ äåðåâüåâ. Íàòåððèòîðèè ðàéîíà èçâåñòíî 2 ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêà. Ïî ìàòåðèàëàì èññëåäîâàíèé1999 ã. (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000) â äîëèíå Îáèè âíóòðè Ñóçóíñêîãî áîðà (62,3 êì ñêëîíàíàäïîéìåííîé òåððàñû è 63 êì ïîáåðå-æèé îç¸ð è áîëîò) äëÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé ÷à-ñòè Ñóçóíñêîãî áîðà ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíàáûëà îïðåäåëåíà â 15 âîçìîæíûõ ïàð è â11 ïàð äëÿ äîëèíû Îáè, ïðèëåãàþùåé êáîðó. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,43 ïàðû/100êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè ïðè ñðåäíèõ ïîêàçà-òåëÿõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïî áèîòîïàì: 17,66ïàð/100 êì ðåêè è 0,24 ïàð/1 êì ïîáåðå-

¹ Ïðèðîäíûé ðàéîí Nature zones

Îáëàñòü

District

Ïëîùàäü(êì2)

Area (km2)

Êîëè÷åñòâî èçâåñòíûõ ãíåç-äîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ

Number of knownbreeding territories

Ïëîòíîñòü (ïàð/100 êì2

îáùåé ïëîùàäè)Density (pairs/100

êì2 of total area)

Îöåíêà÷èñëåííîñòè

(ïàðû)Estimation of

number (pairs)

11 Ìèíóñèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà, ëåâîáåðåæüå Åíèñåÿ

ÊÊ, ÊÎ, ÐÕ 32690.71 55 1.44 470 (273-668)

19 Ìèíóñèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà, ïðàâîáåðåæüå Åíèñåÿ

ÊÊ 17396.49 2 0.75 130 (117-143)

21 Òóâèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà ÐÒ 25133.22 30 1.19 299 (129-469)

26 Óáñóíóðñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà, þæíûé øëåéô Òàííó-Îëà

ÐÒ 9852.48 60 4.11 405 (347-462)

12 Óáñóíóðñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà, ëåâîáåðåæüå Òåñ-Õåìà

ÐÒ 2879.09 21 1.29 37 (33-41)

22 Òóðàíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà ÐÒ 1813.97 3 0.91 16 (15-18)

23 Óñèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà ÊÊ 197.22 1 3.80 7 (6-8)

10 Êóçíåöêàÿ êîòëîâèíà* ÊÎ, ÍÎ 26074.75 0 0.03 7 (5-10)*

24 Þãî-âîñòî÷íûé Àëòàé ÐÀ, ÐÒ 26692.50 11 0.28 74 (67-82)

25 ÃËÇ þæíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Çàïàäíîãî Ñàÿíà

ÊÊ, ÐÒ 23439.19 0 0.53 114 (103-125)

9 ÃËÇ õðåáòà Òàííó-Îëà ÐÒ 15008.03 11 0.68 92 (90-94)

8 ÃËÇ õðåáòà Ñåíãèëåí ÐÒ 6755.50 4 0.58 35 (32-38)

3 ÃËÇ Çàïàäíîãî è Öåíòðàëüíîãî Àëòàÿ

ÀÊ, ÐÀ 50390.06 3 0.88 405 (400-410)

20 ÃËÇ ñåâåðíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Çàïàäíîãî Ñàÿíà

ÊÊ, ÐÒ, ÐÕ 47882.42 0 0.16 76 (30-122)

4 ÃËÇ Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó ÊÎ, ÐÕ 68403.53 1 0.26 150 (59-241)

7 ÃËÇ Ñåâåðíîãî Àëòàÿ ÐÀ 25984.80 0 0.23 55 (35-75)

5 ÃËÇ õðåáòà Îáðó÷åâà ÐÒ 8890.38 0 0.20 17 (10-24)

6 ÃËÇ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà ÀÊ, ÊÎ, ÍÎ 18506.16 6 0.38 70 (63-77)

18 Ïîäòàéãà Ñîëãîíñêîãî êðÿæà* ÊÊ 2937.93 0 0.61 18 (12-24)*

15 ÑÇ è ËÑÇ Ïðåäãîðèé Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ

ÀÊ 29281.36 28 0.89 281 (253-309)

1 Áèå-×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü ÀÊ, ÍÎ 23273.39 1 0.09 20 (18-22)

17 Ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè* ÀÊ 3077.76 0 0.16 5 (3-7)*

14 Ëåñíîå è ëåñîñòåïíîå Çàîáüå ÍÎ 13123.44 1 0.17 22 (20-25)

13 ËÇ ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ

ÀÊ, ÍÎ 16437.17 2 0.43 73 (66-81)

16 ÑÇ è ËÑÇ ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ

ÀÊ 83410.45 80 0.53 445 (431-459)

2 Âûñîêîãîðüÿ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíà ÊÊ ,ÐÀ,ÐÒ,ÐÕ 15663.78 0 0 0

Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîí (âñåãî)

595195.78 320 0.56 3323 (2617-4034)

Òàáë. 2. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ôèëèíà ïî ïðèðîäíûì ðàéîíàì Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà.

Ïðèíÿòûå ñîêðàùåíèÿ:ÃËÇ – ãîðíî-ëåñíàÿ çîíà, ËÇ – ëåñíàÿ çîíà, ËÑÇ – ëåñîñòåïíàÿ çîíà, ÑÇ –ñòåïíàÿ çîíà.ÀÊ – Àëòàéñêèé êðàé, ÊÊ – Êðàñíîÿðñêèé êðàé, ÊÎ – Êåìåðîâñêàÿ îáëàñòü, ÍÎ –Íîâîñèáèðñêàÿ îáëàñòü, ÐÀ – Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé, ÐÒ – Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà, ÐX – Ðåñ-ïóáëèêà Õàêàñèÿ. Îáîçíà÷åíèå îáëàñòåé è ðåñïóáëèê ñîîòâåòñòâóåò îáîçíà÷åíè-ÿì íà ðèñ. 5. Íóìåðàöèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ â òàáëèöå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèèíà ðèñ. 1.

Table 2. Distribution of the Eagle Owl in the nature zones of the Altai-Sayan region

Used abbreviations:ÃËÇ – mountain-forest zone, ËÇ – forest zone, ËÑÇ – forest-steppe zone, ÑÇ –steppe zone.ÀÊ – Altai Kray, ÊÊ – Krasnoyarsk Kray, ÊÎ –Kemerovo district, ÍÎ – Novosibirskdistrict, ÐÀ – Republic of Altai, ÐÒ – Republic of Tuva, ÐX –Republic of Khakasia.Labels of districts and republics are similar ones in the fig. 5. Numbers of naturezones in the table are similar ones in the fig. 1.

Page 33: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 33

æüÿ îçåðà èëè áîëîòà âíóòðè áîðà (Êàðÿ-êèí è äð., 2005).

Ó÷èòûâàÿ ñõîäíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè Êàðà-êàíñêîãî áîðà è òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ Îáè âïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, à òàêæå ïðîòÿ-æ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîãî äëÿ ôèëèíàñêëîíà òåððàñû Îáè (158,6 êì) è ïîáåðå-æèé îç¸ð è áîëîò âíóòðè áîðîâ (176,4 êì)ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íà òåððèòîðèèäàííîãî ïðèðîäíîãî ðàéîíà ãíåçäèòñÿ 66–81, â ñðåäíåì 70 ïàð ôèëèíîâ, èç êîòî-ðûõ îêîëî 33,33% ãíåçäÿòñÿ âäîëü Îáè.

Íàèáîëåå êðóïíàÿ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòèðåãèîíà ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà ôèëèíàñîñðåäîòî÷åíà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå(83410,45 êì2). Çäåñü èçâåñòíî 83 ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíîâ è 45 òî÷åê ðåãèñòðà-öèè âèäà. Ìàêñèìàëüíîé ïëîòíîñòè ôèëèíäîñòèãàåò â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ, ãäå ãíåçäî-âûå ó÷àñòêè ýòèõ ïòèö â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó-÷àåâ ñîñåäñòâóþò, îäíàêî â êîëêîâûõ ëè-ñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ ôèëèí îòñóòñòâóåò íàáîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè, íàñåëÿÿ òîëü-êî êðóïíûå ðàçðåæåííûå êîëêè ïî áåðå-ãàì êðóïíûõ âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ.Ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ åãî ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ëåñîïîêðûòàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ â Îáñêîìëåâîáåðåæüå ñîñòàâëÿåò 4691 êì2 ïðè îá-ùåé ïëîùàäè ëåñîâ 10191 êì2. Äëÿ ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ ôèëèí ïðåäïî÷èòàåò ñîâîêóïíîñòüâîäíî-áîëîòíûõ óãîäèé è ëåñà, ïðè÷¸ì âëåñó òÿãîòååò ê ñòàðûì ó÷àñò-êàì.  áîðàõ îí èçáåãàåò ìî-ëîäûõ è çàêóñòàðåííûõ âûäå-ëîâ, ïðåäïî÷èòàÿ ãíåçäèòüñÿâ ñòàðûõ ðàçðåæåííûõ ëå-ñàõ. Îñíîâíûì êðèòåðèåì,ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì ê ãíåçäîâîìóáèîòîïó, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èåâîäî¸ìà èëè êðóïíîãî áîëî-

òà (íå ìåíåå 1 êì2) â íåïîñðåäñòâåííîéáëèçîñòè îò ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà èëè âíóòðèíåãî. Ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîëîñàëåñà âäîëü âîäíî-áîëîòíîãî êîìïëåêñà. Èñ-õîäÿ èç ýòèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê, ìîæíî îïðå-äåëèòü ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ â 970 êì.

Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïëîòíîñòü íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ(0,54±0,17 ïàð/ êì2), ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â 368 – 538 ïàð, â ñðåä-íåì 453 ïàðû. Îäíàêî ïåðåñ÷¸ò íà ëèíåé-íûå åäèíèöû äà¸ò ìåíüøóþ ïîãðåøíîñòü –371 – 394 ïàðû (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005).

Ïîìèìî ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîì-ïëåêñîâ ôèëèí îõîòíî ãíåçäèòñÿ â ñòàðûõáîðàõ âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïè,ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 437,5 êì.Ó÷¸òû â Óãëîâñêîì è Åãîðüåâñêîì ðàéîíàõÀëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî 1 ïàðà ôè-ëèíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà 7,95 êì îïóøêè ñòà-ðîãî áîðà âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííîé ñòåïè.Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåí-íîñòü âäîëü îïóøåê ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ âíåâîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ â 55 ïàð.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà âëåñàõ ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáå-ðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 426–449 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð.

Íåêîòîðîå êîëè÷åñòâî ôèëèíîâ îïðåäå-ë¸ííî ãíåçäèòñÿ â îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûõ ñèñ-òåìàõ âäîëü ïîáåðåæüÿ Îáè. Ýòà òåððèòî-ðèÿ â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ íàìè íåîáñëåäîâàëàñü, îäíàêî â àíàëîãè÷íûõ óñ-ëîâèÿõ íà òåððèòîðèè Íîâîñèáèðñêîéîáëàñòè ôèëèí îáíàðóæåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèèâ 1999 ã. è 2001 ã. Ñòîëü îòðûâî÷íûå äàí-íûå íå ïîçâîëÿþò áîëåå òî÷íî ïîäîéòè êîöåíêå ÷èñëåííîñòè, îäíàêî ìîæíî ïðåä-ïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå çäåñü êàê ìèíèìóì5–10 ïàð ôèëèíîâ.

Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â ñòåïíîé èëåñîñòåïíîé çîíå ðàâíèíîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãîëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ìîæåò áûòüîöåíåíà â 431 – 459, â ñðåäíåì 445 ïàð.

Ðèñ. 6. Ìåñòà óñòðîéñòâàãí¸çä ôèëèíà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíåFig. 6. Locations of theEagle Owl nests in theAltai-Sayan region

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà áëèç ãíåçäà. Ðåñïóá-ëèêà Òûâà. Ôîòî È. ÊàðÿêèíàFledgling of the Eagle Owl near thenest. Republic of Tuva. Photo by I.Karyakin

Page 34: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1034

Èñõîäÿ èç èìåþùèõñÿ äàí-íûõ, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëè-íà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Àëòàå-Ñà-ÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ïëîùàäüþ595195,78 êì2 îöåíèâàåòñÿ â2617 – 4034 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì3323 ïàð. (òàáë. 2, ðèñ. 6).

Ãíåçäîâûå áèîòîïû,ãí¸çäà

Îñíîâíûìè ãíåçäîâûìè áèîòîïàìè âèäàâ ðåãèîíå, íåñîìíåííî, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñêàëüíûåîáíàæåíèÿ íåçàâèñèìî îò èõ òèïà è ðàñ-ïîëîæåíèÿ (çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ñêàë ïî ñêëî-íàì õðåáòîâ â òà¸æíîé çîíå âíå ðå÷íûõäîëèí) – 85,67%.  ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè ðåãè-îíà áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ôèëèíîâ ãíåçäèòñÿ â áî-ðàõ, çàíèìàÿ èõ ïðèîïóøå÷íûå ÷àñòè è óñ-òðàèâàÿ ãí¸çäà â ïîäíîæèÿõ êðóïíûõ ñîñåí– 11,57%. Èç 363 ãí¸çä ôèëèíà (âêëþ÷àÿñòàðûå íà ó÷àñòêàõ ñ çàíÿòûìè ãí¸çäàìè),îáíàðóæåííûõ â ðåãèîíå, ëèøü 2 ðàñïî-ëàãàëèñü âíå ïðåäåëîâ òèïè÷íûõ ãíåçäîï-ðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò ìåíåå1% îò èõ îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà (òàáë. 3). Åñ-òåñòâåííî, îãðîìíóþ ðîëü â ýòîì ñûãðàëîöåëåíàïðàâëåííîå îáñëåäîâàíèå òèïè÷-íûõ äëÿ âèäà ìåñò ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä, íîïîëíîñòüþ ñïèñûâàòü âñ¸ íà ýòîò ôàêò íå-ïðàâèëüíî.  ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðè àíàëîãè÷íûõìåòîäàõ ðàáîòû â äðóãèõ ðåãèîíàõ (Ïîâîë-æüå, Óðàë, Çàóðàëüå) äîëÿ ãí¸çä â íåòèïè÷-íûõ áèîòîïàõ âàðüèðîâàëà îò 3 äî 7% èáûëà ìàêñèìàëüíîé â îñâîåííûõ ÷åëîâå-êîì ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíàõ (Ïðåäóðàëüå)ëèáî â ðàéîíàõ ñ îãðàíè÷åííûì êîëè÷å-

ñòâîì ïîäõîäÿùèõ ìåñò äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ èïîëíîöåííîé êîðìîäîáû÷è (ÑåâåðíûéÓðàë). Âî âñåõ âûøåóêàçàííûõ ñëó÷àÿõïëîòíîñòü ôèëèíà áûëà íèçêîé.  Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ñëó÷àè íåòèïè÷íîãîãíåçäîâàíèÿ âûÿâëåíû, íàîáîðîò, â ìåñòàõñ ìàêñèìàëüíîé ïëîòíîñòüþ âèäà, ïðè÷¸ìïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ áûëà â3 ðàçà ìåíüøå, ÷åì ïëîùàäü îõîòíè÷üèõ áèî-òîïîâ ñ îãðîìíûì çàïàñîì ïîòåíöèàëüíûõæåðòâ (ñîëîíîâàòûå îç¸ðà ñ ìàññîé ëèíÿþ-ùèõ óòîê). Èç ýòîãî ñëåäóåò, ÷òî âñå ñëó÷àèíåõàðàêòåðíîãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñëåäóåò îòíî-ñèòü ê ñëó÷àÿì äèñïåðñèè ïòèö çà ïðåäåëûòèïè÷íûõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ â ðå-çóëüòàòå èõ íàñûùåíèÿ âèäîì.

Îáñóæäåíèå ðåçóëüòàòîâ

×èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ôèëèíîâ âÀëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå, ïîëó÷åííàÿ ðàç-íûìè ìåòîäàìè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ó÷¸òíûõäàííûõ, âàðüèðóåò â ïðåäåëàõ îò 1981 äî4034 ïàð. Ñðåäíèå ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòèâèäà, ýêñòðàïîëèðóåìûå íà ïîòåíöèàëüíîïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ ôèëèíà ïëîùàäü

Òàáë. 3. Ìåñòà óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä ôèëèíà â îáëàñòÿõ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà

Table 3. Locations of the Eagle Owl nests in the zones of the Altai-Sayan region

Îáëàñòè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà Districts and Republics of Altai-Sayan Region

Ìåñòî ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãíåçäà Nest location

ÐåñïóáëèêàÒûâà

Republic of Tuva

Ðåñïóáëèêà Õàêàñèÿ

Republic of Khakasia

ÐåñïóáëèêàÀëòàé

Republic of Altai

Êðàñíîÿð-ñêèé êðàé

KrasnoyarskKray

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé

Altai Kray

Íîâîñèáèð-ñêàÿ îáëàñòüNovosibirsk

district

ÂñåãîTotal

Ñêàëüíîå îáíàæåíèå / Rock 188 57 16 11 32 7 311

Ðå÷íîé îáðûâ / River cliff 4 2 6Ïîëîãèé ñêëîí ðå÷íîé äîëèíû Slope of a river valley

2 1

Îâðàã / Ravine 1 2Ïðèîïóøå÷íàÿ ÷àñòü áîðà Pine-forest edge

42 42

Äðóãîå / Other 1 1

Âñåãî / Total 188 57 16 11 79 12 363

Ãíåçäî ôèëèíà, ïîêèíóòîå ñë¸òêàìè.Ðåñïóáëèêà Òûâà. Ôîòî È.ÊàðÿêèíàNest of the Eagle Owl leaved byfledglings. Republic of Tuva. Photo byI. Karyakin

Page 35: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 35

(1-é ìåòîä), ãíåçäîïðèãîäíóþ ïëîùàäü (2-é ìåòîä) è ðàçäåëüíûé ïåðåñ÷¸ò ïî ïðè-ðîäíûì ðàéîíàì íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèî-òîïû (3-é ìåòîä) áåç ó÷¸òà ýêñïåðòíûõîöåíîê, ïîêàçûâàþò ñëåäóþùóþ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ôèëèíà: 2539 (1981–3255) ïàð,3320 (2831–3893) ïàð è 3293 (2597–3993)ïàð. ×èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà, ïîëó÷åííàÿïîñëåäíèì ìåòîäîì, ñ ó÷¸òîì ýêñïåðòíûõîöåíîê (2617–4034, â ñðåäíåì 3323 ïàð),áîëüøå ÷èñëåííîñòè, ïîëó÷åííîé ïåðâûììåòîäîì, íà 23,59% è áëèçêà ê ÷èñëåííî-ñòè, ïîëó÷åííîé âòîðûì ìåòîäîì, ïðè íå-çíà÷èòåëüíîì óâåëè÷åíèè äîâåðèòåëüíîãîèíòåðâàëà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñî âòîðûì ìåòî-äîì ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìîæ-íî ãîâîðèòü î òîì, ÷òî äâà ïîñëåäíèõ ìå-òîäà äàþò íàèáîëåå òî÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòû,îäíàêî ðàçäåëüíûé ïåðåñ÷¸ò ìîæåò áûòüðåêîìåíäîâàí êàê íàèáîëåå îáúåêòèâíûé,òàê êàê ïîçâîëÿåò óâèäåòü íåäîñòàòêè ó÷¸-òà è ïîãðåøíîñòè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè äëÿ êàæ-äîãî ïðèðîäíîãî ðàéîíà, ÷òî íåîáõîäèìîïðè ðàáîòå ñ ðåäêèìè âèäàìè.

Âûâîäû

Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé ïîêàçûâàþò,÷òî ôèëèí øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í è ÿâëÿ-åòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî îáû÷íûì äëÿ ñâîåãî ðàç-ìåðíîãî êëàññà õèùíèêîì Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêî-ãî ðåãèîíà.

Ñîêðàùåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ôèëèíà â 60–70-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ íàáëþäàëîñü, ïî-âè-äèìîìó, ëèøü â îñâîåííûõ ÷åëîâåêîì ðàé-îíàõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé, Êåìåðîâñêîéîáëàñòåé è Àëòàéñêîì êðàå.  ðåçóëüòàòå âíàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ìû èìååì óãàñàþùèåãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïèðîâêè íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîéâîçâûøåííîñòè è â Êóçíåöêîé êîòëîâèíå.Íà áîëüøåé æå ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè ðåãèîíàôèëèí íå ïîñòðàäàë, è, ñêîðåå âñåãî, åãî÷èñëåííîñòü îñòàâàëàñü ñòàáèëüíîé.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè

Àâòîð áëàãîäàðèò âñåõ êîëëåã, ó÷àñòâî-âàâøèõ â ñáîðå ìàòåðèàëà, îñîáåííî Ñ.Â.Áàêêó, Ì.À. Ãðàáîâñêîãî, À.À. Ãðèøèíà,Þ.È. Êóñòîâà, Ë.È. Êîíîâàëîâà, Ð.Ä. Ëàï-øèíà, À.Â. Ìîøêèíà, Ý.Ã. Íèêîëåíêî, À.ÀÎðëåíêî, Ñ.Ì. Ïðîêîôüåâà, À.Â. Ðûáåí-êî, È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî, À.À. Øåñòàêîâó.

Àâòîð âûðàæàåò áëàãîäàðíîñòü âîäèòåëþÌ.Í. Êîæåâíèêîâó, áåç ìàñòåðñòâà êîòîðî-ãî âðÿä ëè áûëî âîçìîæíî ñòîëü óñïåøíîïåðåäâèãàòüñÿ ïî ãîðíûì ðàéîíàì Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà, äèðåêòîðó Ñàÿíî-Øó-øåíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà À.Ã. Ðàññîëîâó, áûâ-

øåìó äèðåêòîðó Õàêàññêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà Ã.Â.Äåâÿòêèíó, à òàêæå áûâøåìó çàì. äèðåêòî-ðà ïî ÍÈÐ çàïîâåäíèêà «Óáñóíóðñêàÿ êîò-ëîâèíà», íûíå äèðåêòîðó çàïîâåäíèêà«Àçàñ» Ì.Ì. Êûíûðàà, âñåöåëî ïîìîãàâ-øèì â îðãàíèçàöèè ýêñïåäèöèé, Ì.Þ. Äó-áèíèíó è À.Æ. Ïóðåõîâñêîìó, ïîìîãàâøèìâ ñîçäàíèè ÃÈÑ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà.

Îòäåëüíàÿ áëàãîäàðíîñòü Â.Ì. Ãàëóøèíó,âñÿ÷åñêè ñïîñîáñòâîâàâøåìó íà÷àëó íà-øåé ðàáîòû ïî èçó÷åíèþ ôàóíû õèùíûõïòèö Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà, À.Â. Äóáû-íèíó, ïîääåðæàâøåìó íàøè ñàìûå ïåðâûåíà÷èíàíèÿ ïî îáñëåäîâàíèþ ðåãèîíà,Íèêó Ôîêñó è Å.Ð. Ïîòàïîâó, ñ 1999 ïî2005 ã. îêàçûâàâøèì ôèíàíñîâóþ ïîääåð-æêó ðàáîò â Òóâå.

Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí ñ âçðîñëûì ôèëèíîì. ÐåñïóáëèêàÒûâà. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

Igor Karyakin and adult Eagle Owl. Tuva Republic. Photoby E. Nikolenko

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Áàðàíîâ À.À. Ðåäêèå è èñ÷åçàþùèå æèâîòíûåÊðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ. Ïòèöû è ìëåêîïèòàþùèå:Ó÷åá. ïîñîáèå. Êðàñíîÿðñê, 1988. – 127 ñ.

Áàðàíîâ À.À. Ðåäêèå è ìàëîèçó÷åííûå ïòèöûÒóâû: Ìîíîãðàôèÿ. – Èçä-âî Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî óí-òà, 1991. – 320 ñ.

Áàðàíîâ À.À., Çàáåëèí Â.È. Ôèëèí. – ÊðàñíàÿÊíèãà Ðåñïóáëèêè Òûâà: Æèâîòíûå. Íîâîñèáèðñê:Èçä-âî ÑÎ ÐÀÍ, 2002. Ñ. 117.

Áåëÿíêèí À.Ô. Î ÷èñëåííîñòè ôèëèíà â Êóçíåö-êîé êîòëîâèíå. – Ôèëèí â Ðîññèè, Áåëîðóññèè èíà Óêðàèíå. Ì.: Èçä. ÌÃÓ, 1994. Ñ. 118–119.

Áåðåçîâèêîâ Í.Í. Ê àâèôàóíå áàññåéíà ×àðû-øà (Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíûé Àëòàé). – Ìàòåðèàëû ê ðàñ-

Page 36: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

ÑîäåðæàíèåÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1036

ïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïòèö íà Óðàëå, â Ïðèóðàëüå è Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè.Åêàòåðèíáóðã: Èçä-âî «Àêàäåìêíèãà», 2002. Ñ. 31–34.

Âåëèæàíèí À.Ï., Âåëèæàíèí Ã.À. Ñïèñêè ïòèö Áàðíàóëüñêîãîîêðóãà. – Uragus. 1929. Êí. 9. ¹ 1. Ñ. 5–15.

Äàíèëîâ Î.Í. Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû Áàðàáû è ñåâåðíîé Êó-ëóíäû. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà, 1976. 158 ñ.

Äåðåâùèêîâ À.Ã. Ïòèöû Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîãî î÷àãà ÷óìû. – Äîê-ëàäû Èðêóòñêîãî ïðîòèâî÷óìíîãîèí-òà. Âûï. 10. ×èòà. 1974.Ñ. 192–197.

Äóëüêåéò À.Ã. Çèìíÿÿ æèçíü ïòèö â òàéãå Ñåâåðî-Âîñòî÷íîãîÀëòàÿ. – Òðóäû ïðîáëåìíûõ è òåìàòè÷åñêèõ ñîâåùàíèé (1-àÿ Âñåñ.îðíèòîë. êîíô.) Ì.-Ë.: Èçä-âî ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. 1960. Ñ. 175–190.

Åãîðîâ Í.Í. Èç íàáëþäåíèé íàä ïîçâîíî÷íûìè ëåíòî÷íûõ áî-ðîâ. – Èçâ. Àëò. îòä. ÃÎ ÑÑÑÐ. Âûï. I. Áàðíàóë, 1961. Ñ. 65–74.

Åêèìîâ Å.Â. Ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ñîâîîáðàçíûõ íà þãå Êðàñ-íîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ. – Ìàòåðèàëû ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïòèö íà Óðà-ëå, â Ïðèóðàëüå è Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Åêàòåðèíáóðã: Èçä-âî «Åêà-òåðèíáóðã», 2000. Ñ. 74.

Çàëåññêèé È.Ì., Çàëåññêèé Ï.Ì. Ïòèöû þãî-çàïàäíîé Ñè-áèðè. – Áþëë. ÌÎÈÏ. Îòä. áèîë. Âûï. 3–4'. Ì., 1931. Ò. 40.Ñ. 145–206.

Èîãàíçåí Ã.Ý. Ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ îðíèòîôàóíû ñòåïåé Òîìñêîãîêðàÿ. – Èçâåñòèÿ Èìïåðàòîðñêîãî Òîìñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, Ò.30;Òîìñê. 1907. 239 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Òåõíèêà âûÿâëåíèÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ (êðóïíûå ïåð-íàòûå õèùíèêè). Ïåðìü: Èçä-âî ÖÏÈ ÑÎÆ Óðàëà, ×.1.1996. 80 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Óðàëüñêîãî ðåãèîíà. Ñîêî-ëîîáðàçíûå (Falconiformes), Ñîâîîáðàçíûå (Strigiformes). –Ïåðìü: Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé Ñîþçà îõðàíû æèâîòíûõÓðàëà / Ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé ñîþç. 1998. 483 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ó÷¸òó ïåðíà-òûõ õèùíèêîâ è îáðàáîòêå ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ. – Íîâîñèáèðñê, èç-äàòåëüñêèé äîì «Ìàíóñêðèïò». 2000. 32 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè (ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäà-öèè ïî ó÷¸òó è èçó÷åíèþ ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ è ñîâîîáðàçíûõ). –Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä: Èçä-âî «Ïîâîëæüå». 2004. 351 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Âàñåíüêîâ Ä.À., Äóáûíèí À.Â. Ðàñïðîñòðàíå-íèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ ïòèö, ïðåäëàãàåìûõ â Êðàñ-íóþ êíèãó Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüåÍîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ñîâðåìåííûå ïðîáëåìû îðíèòîëî-ãèè Ñèáèðè è Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû I Ìåæäóíàðîäíîéîðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè. Óëàí-Óäý: Èçä-âî Áóðÿòñêîãîãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà, 2000. Ñ. 226–229.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Ãðàáîâñêèé Ì.À.,Ðûáåíêî À.Â., Åãîðîâà À.Â. Êðóïíûå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Àëòàéñ-êîãî êðàÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. ¹ 3. 2005. Ñ. 28–51.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ðûáåíêî À.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã. Íîâûå äàííûåïî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ è ÷èñëåííîñòè íåêîòîðûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö èñîâ â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ïåð-íàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. ¹ 3. 2005. Ñ. 54–64.

Êàùåíêî Í.Ô. Ðåçóëüòàòû Àëòàéñêîé çîîëîãè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäè-öèè 1898 ãîäà. Ïîçâîíî÷íûå. – Èçâ. Òîìñê, óí-òà. Êí. 16. Òîìñê,1900. Ñ. 49–158.

Êîçëîâ Í.À. Çèìóþùèå ïòèöû ã. Íîâîñèáèðñêà. – Ôàóíà è ýêîëî-ãèÿ æèâîòíûõ Ïðèîáüÿ. (Íàó÷íûå òðóäû). Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1976. Ñ. 58.

Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Ðåäêèå è íàõîäÿùèåñÿ ïîäóãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ âèäû æèâîòíûõ. Áàðíàóë: Èçä-âî Àëò. Óí-òà, 1998. 238 ñ.

Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè: ìëåêîïèòàþùèå, ïòè-öû, çåìíîâîäíûå, ðûáû, ÷åðâè, íàñåêîìûå /Îòâ. ðåä. Ì.Ã. Ñåð-ãååâ. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Ãîñêîìýêîëîãèè ÍÑÎ, 2000. 200 ñ.

Êó÷èí À.Ï. Ïòèöû Àëòàÿ. – Áàðíàóë: Àëòàéñêîå êí. èçä-âî,1976. – 232 ñ.

Êó÷èí À.Ï. Ðåäêèå æèâîòíûå Àëòàÿ. Íîâîñèáèðñê. 1991. 210 ñ.Êó÷èí À.Ï. Ôèëèí íà Àëòàå è ïðèëåæàùèõ ðàâíèíàõ. – Ôèëèí â

Ðîññèè, Áåëîðóññèè è íà Óêðàèíå. Ì.: Èçä. ÌÃÓ, 1994. Ñ. 110–116.Ìàëêîâ Â.Í., Ìàëêîâ Í.Ï. Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ î âñòðå÷àõ ðåä-

êèõ âèäîâ ïòèö. – Ìàòåðèàëû ê Êðàñíîé Êíèãå ðåñïóáëèêè Àë-òàé (æèâîòíûå). Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñê. 1995. Ñ. 52–55.

Ìîëîêîâà Í.È., Êàðòàøîâ Í.Ä. Çàïîâåäíèê «Àçàñ». – Çàïî-âåäíèêè Ñèáèðè. Ì.: ËÎÃÀÒÀ, 1999. Ò.1. Ñ. 160–161.

Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ., Òîðîïîâ Ê.Â. Ïòèöû Êóëóíäèíñêîãî îçåðà è åãîîêðåñòíîñòåé. // Ìàòåðèàëû ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïòèö íà Óðà-ëå, â Ïðèóðàëüå è Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Åêàòåðèíáóðã: Èçä-âî «Åêà-òåðèíáóðã», 2000. Ñ. 157–163.

Ïåòðîâ Ñ.Þ., Ðóäêîâñêèé Â.Ï. Ëåòíÿÿ îðíèòîôàóíà ïðèåíè-ñåéñêîé ÷àñòè Çàïàäíîãî Ñàÿíà. – Îðíèòîëîãèÿ. Âûï. 20. Ì.:Èçä-âî ÌÃÓ, 1985. Ñ. 76–83.

Ïðîêîôüåâ Ñ.Ì. Ôèëèí â Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå. – Ðåäêèå,èñ÷åçàþùèå è ìàëîèçó÷åííûå ïòèöû ÑÑÑÐ. Ì.: ÖÍÈË Ãëàâîõî-òû ÐÑÔÑÐ. 1986. Ñ. 52–53.

Ïðîêîôüåâ Ñ.Ì. Áèîëîãèÿ ôèëèíà íà òåððèòîðèè Õàêàñèè.– Ôèëèí â Ðîññèè, Áåëîðóññèè è íà Óêðàèíå: Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõñòàòåé. Ì.:Èçä-âî ÌÃÓ, 1994. Ñ.120–126.

Ïðîêîôüåâ Ñ.Ì., Êóñòîâ Þ.È., Äåâÿòêèí Ã.Â. Íàçåìíûå ïî-çâîíî÷íûå æèâîòíûå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïðèðîäíîãî çàïîâåäíè-êà «Õàêàññêèé» (àííîòèðîâàííûé ñïèñîê). – Íàçåìíûå ïîçâî-íî÷íûå åíèñåéñêèõ çàïîâåäíèêîâ. Øóøåíñêîå. 2000. Ñ.27–76.

Ðàâêèí Þ.Ñ. Ïòèöû Ñåâåðî-Âîñòî÷íîãî Àëòàÿ. Íîâîñèáèðñê:Íàóêà. 1973. 373 ñ.

Ñåëåâèí Â. À. Äîïîëíåíèå ê îðíèòîôàóíå Ïðèàëåéñêîé ñòå-ïè. – Uragus. 1929. Êí. IX. ¹ 1. Ñ. 15–23.

Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Åãîðîâà À.Â., Ãîí÷àðîâà Î.,Òîìèëåíêî À.À. Î ñîñòîÿíèè íåêîòîðûõ íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îõðà-íå âèäîâ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõðîññèéñêîãî Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ (Àëòàéñêèé êðàé). – Ãîðíûå ýêî-ñèñòåìû Þæíîé Ñèáèðè: èçó÷åíèå, îõðàíà è ðàöèîíàëüíîå ïðè-ðîäîïîëüçîâàíèå. Ìàòåðèàëû I ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé íàó÷íî-ïðàê-òè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè, ïîñâÿùåííîé 5-ëåòèþ îðãàíèçàöèèÒèãèðåêñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà. Òð. ÃÏÇ «Òèãèðåêñêèé». Âûï. 1. Áàð-íàóë: Èçä-âî «Àëòàéñêèå ñòðàíèöû». 2005. Ñ. 345–347.

Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Òîìèëåíêî À.À. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè ñòåï-íûõ ïðåäãîðèé Ðóññêîãî Àëòàÿ: íàõîäêè 2005 ãîäà. – Ïåðíàòûåõèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, ¹ 3. 2005. Ñ. 52–53.

Ñîêîëîâ Ã.À., Ïåòðîâ Ñ.Þ., Áàëàãóðà Í.Í., Ñòàõååâ Â.À., Çà-âàöêèé Á.Ï. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ôàóíèñòè÷åñêîãî ñîñòàâà è ýêîëî-ãèÿ íåêîòîðûõ ôîíîâûõ âèäîâ ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ è ïòèö. – Ñàÿ-íî-Øóøåíñêèé çàï-ê (ìàò-ëû ïî ïðîåêòó ¹ 2 Ñîâ. íàö.ïðîãðàììû ÌÀÁ). Êðàñíîÿðñê. 1983. Ñ. 30–54.

Ñóøêèí Ï.Ï. Ïòèöû Ìèíóñèíñêîãî êðàÿ, Çàïàäíîãî Ñàÿíà èÓðÿíõàéñêîé çåìëè. – Ì., 1914. 551 ñ.

Ñóøêèí Ï.Ï. Ïòèöû Ñîâåòñêîãî Àëòàÿ è ïðèëåæàùèõ ÷àñòåéÑåâåðî-Çàïàäíîé Ìîíãîëèè. Ò. 1–2. Ì. – Ë., Èçä. ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, 1938.754 ñ.

Ñòàõååâ Â.À. Ïòèöû Àëòàéñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà. Èòîãè èíâåíòà-ðèçàöèè îðíèòîôàóíû â 1970–1979 ãîäû. Øóøåíñêîå. 2000.192 ñ.

Òóãàðèíîâ À.ß., Áóòóðëèí Ñ.À. Ìàòåðèàëû ïî ïòèöàì Åíèñåé-ñêîé ãóáåðíèè. – Çàïèñêè Êðàñíîÿð. ïîäîòäåëà Âîñò.-Ñèá. îòä.èìï. Ðóñ. ãåãð. îá-âà ïî ôèç. ãåîãðàôèè. Ò.1. Âûï. 2–4. Êðàñíî-ÿðñê. 1911. Ñ. 440.

Ôîëèòàðåê Ñ.Ñ., Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Ïòèöû Àëòàéñêîãî ãîñóäàð-ñòâåííîãî çàïîâåäíèêà – Òð. Àëòàéñêîãî ãîñ. çàïîâ., 1938. –Âûï. 1. Ñ. 7–91.

ßíóøåâè÷ À.È., Þðëîâ Ê.Ò. Âåðòèêàëüíîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåìëåêîïèòàþùèõ è ïòèö â Çàïàäíîì Ñàÿíå. – Èçâ. Çàï.-Ñèá. ôèë.ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. Íîâîñèáèðñê. 1950.Ò.3. Âûï. 2. Ñ. 3–33.

ArcView GIS the geographic Information System for EveryoneEnvironmental System Research Institute Inc., Redlands, California,1996. 350 pp.

ERDAS IMAGINE Tour Guides, Erdas Inc, Atlanta, Georgia. 1991.694 pp.

Hooge P. N. and Eichenlaub B. Animal movement extension toarcview. ver. 1.1. Alaska Biological Science Center, U.S. GeologicalSurvey, Anchorage, AK, USA. 1997. P. 28.

Hooge P. N. Spatial Tools arcview extension. Alaska BiologicalScience Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK, USA.1998. P. 13.

Page 37: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 37

Êîíòàêò:

Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: +7 (831) 433 [email protected]Àëåêñåé ÏàæåíêîâÖåíòð ñîäåéñòâèÿ«Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîéýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè»Ðîññèÿ 443045Ñàìàðà, à/ÿ [email protected]://econet.universite.ru

Contact:

Igor KaryakinCenter of Field StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: +7 (831) 433 38 [email protected] PazhenkovThe Volga-Ural ECONETAssistance CentreP.O. Box 8001 SamaraRussia [email protected]://econet.universite.ru

Ââåäåíèå

Ïðèêàçîì Ìèíèñòåðñòâàïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóðñîâ è îõðà-íû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû Ñà-ìàðñêîé îáëàñòè (Ïðèêàç ¹4 îò 31 àâãóñòà 2005 ã.) óòâåð-æä¸í «Ïåðå÷åíü âèäîâ æèâîò-íûõ…, ðåêîìåíäîâàííûõ äëÿâêëþ÷åíèÿ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãóÑàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè».  «Ïåðå-÷åíü…» íàðÿäó ñ 43 âèäàìèïòèö ïîïàë è ôèëèí (Bubobubo) êàê ðåäêèé âèä, âñòðå-÷àþùèéñÿ âî âñåõ ðàéîíàõîáëàñòè è ïëàâíî ñíèæàþùèé ÷èñëåííîñòü(êàòåãîðèÿ 4/Á). Åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü â îáëàñ-òè îöåíåíà â 50 ïàð (Ëåáåäåâà è äð., 2007).Ìàòåðèàë, ñîáðàííûé àâòîðàìè ïî äàííî-ìó âèäó, ïîçâîëÿåò èíòåðïðåòèðîâàòü ñè-òóàöèþ ñ ôèëèíîì â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòèïî èíîìó, ÷åì ýòî ïðåäñòàâëåíî â «Ìàòå-ðèàëàõ ê Êðàñíîé êíèãå îáëàñòè».

Ïðèðîäíûå îñîáåííîñòèÑàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè

Ñàìàðñêàÿ îáëàñòü ëåæèò íà ãðàíèöå 2-õïðèðîäíûõ çîí – ñòåïè è ëåñîñòåïè, ãðà-íèöà ìåæäó êîòîðûìè óñëîâíî ïðîâîäèò-ñÿ ïî äîëèíå ð. Ñàìàðû (Ìèëüêîâ, 1977).Ïëîùàäü îáëàñòè 53565 êì2. Ëåñîïîêðû-òûå òåððèòîðèè çàíèìàþò 6556 êì2

(12,24% îò òåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè) áåç ó÷¸òàëåñîïîëîñ. Íà äîëþ óñëîâíî ñòåïíûõ ó÷à-ñòêîâ (ïàñòáèùà íà ñ.-õ. çåìëÿõ è çåìëÿõãîñ. çàïàñà, íåóäîáüÿ íà ñ.-õ. è ëåñíûõ óãî-äüÿõ) ïðèõîäèòñÿ 10020 êì2 (18,71%).

Áîëüøóþ ÷àñòü òåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè çà-íèìàþò õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûå ðàâíèíû ñïëîñêèìè âîäîðàçäåëàìè è ïîäíÿòûìè ñå-âåðíûìè ñêëîíàìè ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, à òàêæåäðåâíèå ìåëîâûå âîçâûøåííîñòè ñ ïëàòî-îáðàçíûìè âîäîðàçäåëàìè. Òåððèòîðèÿõàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ ðàçâèòîé ãèäðîãðàôè÷åñ-êîé ñåòüþ è ñëîæíîé îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íîéñèñòåìîé.  íàèáîëåå ïåðåñå÷¸ííîé ñå-âåðíîé ÷àñòè Ñàìàðñêîé Ëóêè (â òàê íàçû-âàåìûõ Æèãóëåâñêèõ ãîðàõ) âûõîäû ìàòå-ðèíñêèõ ïîðîä ïî ñêëîíàì âîäîðàçäåëîâ,

We surveyed 63 adult Eagle Owls (Bubobubo) and found 57 breeding territories (58breeding territories including the pair re-corded in the Buzuluk pine forest in the ter-ritory of the Orenburg district) in the Sama-ra district. (fig. 2). We found nests in 48breeding territories (82.76%). A total of 75nests including old were surveyed. We reg-istered breeding success in 28 territories(48.28%), including 25 territories with foundnests. We recorded only broods in 3 terri-tories but nests were not found. Also emp-ty or unsuccessful nests (with died clutchesor broods) were noted in 11 breeding terri-tories (18.97%). Only old nests were regis-tered in 12 breeding territories, and only 4from which were exactly occupied by EagleOwls and breeding were successful a yearbefore visiting a nest. We did not find nestsonly in 11 breeding territories, but we not-ed vocalizing birds (uttering mating-calls oralarming signals) in 8 territories and 3 terri-tories were revealed as a result of numer-ous registrations of Eagle Owls signs (pel-lets, feathers, remains of preys). A total of52 events of breeding were registered andsome nests were monitored in Samara Lukaduring several years.

Following our counts 21 pairs of EagleOwls were registered in 15 study plots.

Eagle�Owl�in�the�Samara�District,�Russia

ФИЛИН�В�САМАРСКОЙ�ОБЛАСТИ,�РОССИЯ

Karyakin�I.V.�(Center�for�Field�Studies,�N.Novgorod,�Russia)

Pazhenkov�A.S.�(The�Volga-Ural�ECONET�Assistance�Center,�Samara,�Russia)

Каря�ин�И.В.�(Центр�полевых�исследований,�Н.Нов�ород,�Россия)

Пажен�ов�А.С.�(Центр�содействия�Вол�о-Уральс�ой�э�оло�ичес�ой�сети,�Самара,

Россия)

Ìîëîäîé ôèëèí (Bubo bubo). Ôîòî À. ÏàæåíêîâàYoung Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). Photo by A. Pazhenkov

Page 38: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1038

Ïëîùàäêè / Plots

¹ Ïðåîáëàäàþùèå áèîòîïûDominating biotopes

Ïåðèìåòð(êì)

Perimeter(km)

Ïëîùàäü(êì2)Area

(km2)

Äëèíà ìàðøðóòîâ(êì)

Length of routes(km)

Ïðèñóòñòâèå ôèëèíà

Registrations of the Eagle Owl

1 Øèðîêîëèñòâåííûé ëåñ / Broadleaved forest 12.93 2.84 7.59 Ô2 Âîäî¸ì / Water body 16.61 13.17 - -3 Ëåñîïîëîñà / Forest line 17.04 2.35 9.00 -4 14.61 11.66 - -5

Âîäî¸ì / Water body --"-- 14.62 5.86 - -

6 Çåðíîâûå / Field 17.40 13.62 - -7 10.54 4.70 6.50 -8

Áîð / Pine forest --"-- 10.26 1.80 6.70 -

9 7.04 1.68 3.30 Ô10 7.07 1.73 2.60 Ô11

Ñìåøàííûé ëåñ / Mixed forest --"-- --"-- 4.29 0.65 2.50 Ô

12 Øèðîêîëèñòâåííûé ëåñ / Broadleaved forest 4.30 0.63 2.00 Ô13 Óðåìà / Flood forest 17.77 7.17 6.50 -14 Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûé ëåñîñòåïíîé êîìïëåêñ

Forest-steppe system of ravines 14.55 2.27 4.80 Ô

15 Óðåìà / Flood forest 15.65 10.38 8.80 -16 Âîäî¸ì / Water body 17.44 17.29 - -17 20.17 21.67 16.20 -18 13.79 8.20 22.50 -19

Áîëîòî / Bog --"-- --"-- 9.38 5.49 11.10 -

20 16.76 12.62 3.50 -21 10.74 7.28 10.00 -22

Óðåìà / Flood forest --"-- --"-- 8.55 3.80 8.50 -

23 Ëåñîïîëîñà / Forest line 12.90 3.68 5.50 -24 22.12 6.34 6.00 Ô25

Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûé ëåñîñòåïíîé êîìïëåêñ Forest-steppe system of ravines 6.65 2.37 11.50 -

26 Óðåìà / Flood forest 11.98 4.68 5.00 -27 Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûé ëåñîñòåïíîé êîìïëåêñ

Forest-steppe system of ravines 19.96 4.61 8.00 Ô

28 Çàëåæü / Old field 16.72 8.54 11.30 -29 33.02 6.91 5.00 Ô30

Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûé ëåñîñòåïíîé êîìïëåêñ Forest-steppe system of ravines 21.95 23.51 18.00 Ô

31 Óðåìà / Flood forest 10.65 5.59 13.70 -32 Âîäî¸ì / Water body 12.48 3.26 - -33 Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûé ëåñîñòåïíîé êîìïëåêñ

Forest-steppe system of ravines 18.39 14.56 6.50 -

34 Ñòåïü / Steppe 10.37 3.16 9.00 -35 Ëåñîïîëîñà / Forest line 55.44 4.50 7.00 -36 26.98 38.13 20.00 Ô37

Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûé ëåñîñòåïíîé êîìïëåêñ Forest-steppe system of ravines 45.25 92.40 17.00 Ô

38 17.72 13.94 20.00 -39 5.20 1.75 11.00 -40 14.17 2.72 4.00 -41 10.63 3.59 6.60 -42

Áîð / Pine forest --"-- --"-- --"-- --"-- 2.64 0.45 5.40 -

43 Áîëîòî / Bog 10.35 5.28 2.00 -44 15.36 15.42 5.90 -45 13.14 9.53 8.80 -46 20.56 9.78 7.40 Ô47 16.19 6.82 10.40 Ô48

Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûé ëåñîñòåïíîé êîìïëåêñ Forest-steppe system of ravines --"-- --"-- --"-- 17.75 15.37 8.50 -

49 Áîëîòî / Bog 24.43 26.50 20.0 -50 10.72 6.42 7.50 -51

Óðåìà / Flood forest --"-- 8.96 2.28 5.00 -

52 Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûé ëåñîñòåïíîé êîìïëåêñ Forest-steppe system of ravines

20.44 9.46 7.00 Ô

53 Áîð / Pine forest 5.13 1.16 3.60 -54 11.86 3.63 5.80 -55 4.13 1.17 2.50 -56

Ñìåøàííûé ëåñ / Mixed forest --"-- --"-- 8.50 12.30 7.70 -

Ñðåäíåå ± ñòàíäàðòíîå îòêëîíåíèå M±SD 15.08±9.17 9.4±13.41 8.5±5.12Ñóììà / Sum 844.25 526.67 424.79Ïðåäåëû / Lim 2.64 – 55.44 0.45 – 92.40 2.00 – 22.50

Òàáë. 1. Ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè

Table 1. Study plots

Page 39: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 39

îáðàùåííûõ ê äîëèíå Âîëãè, îáðàçóþòïîëíîöåííûå ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ.

Íà þãå ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå âîäîðàçäåëûðàñïàõàíû, ïðè÷¸ì 30% ïàõîòíûõ óãîäèéâ ïîñëåäíåå äåñÿòèëåòèå ïåðåâåäåíû â çà-ëåæè, à áîëüøèíñòâî ïàñòáèù çàáðîøåíû.Íà ñåâåðå âîäîðàçäåëû ïîêðûòû âòîðè÷-íûìè ìåëêîëèñòâåííûìè è øèðîêîëèñòâåí-íûìè ëåñàìè íà ìåñòå õâîéíî-øèðîêîëè-ñòâåííûõ. Ïîñëåäíèå ñîõðàíèëèñü â âèäåôðàãìåíòîâ ïî êðóòîñêëîíàì ðå÷íûõ äî-ëèí, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ïðàâîáåðåæüåÂîëãè. Íà àëëþâèàëüíûõ òåððàñàõ, êàê âëåâîáåðåæüå Âîëãè, òàê è â ïðàâîáåðåæüå,èìåþòñÿ îñòàòêè ñèëüíî ôðàãìåíòèðîâàí-íûõ áîðîâ.

Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäèêà

Äàííûå ïî ñîâðåìåííîìó ñîñòîÿíèþïîïóëÿöèè ôèëèíà â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòèñîáðàíû â 1995–2007 ãã. Îñíîâíûå ýêñ-ïåäèöèîííûå ðàáîòû îñóùåñòâëÿëèñü â1997–2000 ãã. Èìåííî â ýòîò ïåðèîä áûëîâûÿâëåíî áîëüøèíñòâî ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâôèëèíîâ, è îïðåäåëåíà èõ ÷èñëåííîñòü íàòîò ïåðèîä.  2005–2007 ãã. ïðîâîäèëñÿìîíèòîðèíã íåêîòîðûõ èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, à â ïîñëåäíèé ãîä áûëè âíîâüîáñëåäîâàíû ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè, íà êîòî-ðûõ ôèëèíû ó÷èòûâàëèñü â 1997–2000 ãã.

Âûÿâëåíèå ôèëèíîâ îñóùåñòâëÿëîñü ïîñòàíäàðòíîé ìåòîäèêå (Êàðÿêèí, 2004). Íààâòîìîáèëÿõ 4õ4 ìåòîäè÷íî îáúåçæàëèñüñëàáîîñâîåííûå ñòåïíûå è ëåñîñòåïíûå

A total of 88–108 pairs are estimated tobreed in the Samara district.

Research of nest locations in the districthas demonstrated that 50% of the EagleOwl’s nests were in rocky places (fig. 3),34% – in river valleys. Hardly less than ahalf of the Eagle Owl’s nests were notedin niches of rocks and cliffs (45%), thirdpart – on uncovered shelves and ledges(31%), other nests – in foot of trees andonly 8% – in covered niches located un-der roots of trees. Broods mostly (n=19)consisted of 2 (42.1%) and 3 (36.8%)chicks, 10% of recorded broods consistedof 1 and 4 chicks. The average brood sizewas 2.47±0.84 chicks.

Decreasing of number of the Eagle Owlwas not recorded for last 10 years, on thecontrary we noted the positive trend ofnumbers in some populations impacted bythe agriculture crushing.

One of the main modern threats for theEagle Owl is believed to be the develop-ment of the oil-mining industry. The geo-logical investigation of oil recourses thatcurried out in steppe territories of ObshiySyrt including protected areas in the southof the Samara district under the order ofTNK-BP caused the deaths of 2 broods ofthe Eagle Owl in 2007.

Ðèñ. 1. Ìàðøðóòû ýêñïåäèöèé è ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè

Fig.1. Field routes and study plots

Page 40: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1040

ó÷àñòêè, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî îâðàæíî-áà-ëî÷íûå ëàíäøàôòû.  íàèáîëåå ïåðåñå-÷¸ííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ çàêëàäûâàëèñü ïåøèåìàðøðóòû. Ó÷àñòêè, ïîäõîäÿùèå äëÿ ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà (âîçâûøåííîñòè åñòå-ñòâåííîãî è èñêóññòâåííîãî ïðîèñõîæäå-íèÿ ñðåäè ðîâíîé ñòåïè, ñêëîíû áàëîê),îñìàòðèâàëèñü â îïòèêó íà ïðåäìåò îáíà-ðóæåíèÿ ïðèçíàêîâ ïðåáûâàíèÿ ïòèö (ïóõ,ïåðüÿ, ïîì¸ò). Ïîáåðåæüå âîäîõðàíèëè-ùà îáñëåäîâàëîñü ñ ìàëîìåðíûõ ñóäîâ ñïîäâåñíûìè ìîòîðàìè.

Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ìàðøðóòîâ ýêñïå-äèöèé ê êîíöó 2000 ã. ñîñòàâèëà 6200,24êì. Èç íèõ àâòîìàðøðóòàìè íà àâòîìîáè-ëÿõ 4õ4 ïðîéäåíî 5754,54 êì, ïåøèìèìàðøðóòàìè – 337,05 êì (â ðàñ÷¸ò íå ïî-ïàëè âûõîäû âî âðåìÿ àâòîìàðøðóòîâ è ñòî÷åê ñòîÿíîê, íàïðàâëåííûå íà îáñëåäî-âàíèå ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, íåïðåâûøàþùèå 1 êì). Ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîùàäü íàìàðøðóòàõ ñîñòàâèëà 11160,43 êì2.

Äëÿ ó÷¸òà ïòèö â ðàçëè÷íûõ ïðèðîäíûõðàéîíàõ îáëàñòè çàêëàäûâàëèñü ïëîùàäêè(òàáë. 1).  îáùåé ñëîæíîñòè áûëî çàëî-æåíî 56 ïëîùàäîê îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ514,37 êì2. Ëåñîïîêðûòûå òåððèòîðèè íàó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäÿõ çàíèìàëè îêîëî 114,79êì2, è îêîëî 271,72 êì2 ïðèõîäèëîñü íàñòåïíûå èëè óñëîâíî ñòåïíûå ó÷àñòêè îâ-ðàæíî-áàëî÷íîé ñåòè. Îñòàëüíûå ïëîùà-äè áûëè çàíÿòû âîäî¸ìàìè èëè îêîëîâîä-íûìè àññîöèàöèÿìè è ñåëüõîçóãîäèÿìèðàçëè÷íîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ê êîíöó 2000 ã. èññëå-äîâàíèÿìè áûëà îõâà÷åíà äîâîëüíî îá-

øèðíàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòèïëîùàäüþ 11674,8 êì2 (21,79% îò îáùåéòåððèòîðèè îáëàñòè). Â 2007 ã. óäàëîñüïîâòîðèòü îáñëåäîâàíèå 57% ïëîùàäè ïëî-ùàäîê, çàëîæåííûõ äî 2000 ã.

Ìàðøðóòû è ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè îòîáðà-æåíû íà ðèñ. 1.

 ðåçóëüòàòå äåøèôðîâêè êîñìîñíèìêîâáûëà îïðåäåëåíà ïëîùàäü ëåñîâ è ïðîòÿ-æ¸ííîñòü èõ îïóøåê (âîäîðàçäåëüíûå ëåñà:ïëîùàäü 51170,2 êì2, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïó-øåê – 7449,4 êì; ïîéìåííûå ëåñà: 1385,7êì2 è 1996,6 êì; ëåñîïîëîñû: 638,8 êì2 è2390,3 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî), ïëîùàäü ñòåï-íûõ ó÷àñòêîâ è âîññòàíàâëèâàþùèõñÿ ñòå-ïåé íà çàëåæàõ (10020 êì2), ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòü è ïëîùàäü îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íîé ñåòè(13931,4 êì, 6965,7 êì2) (òàáë. 2).

Ðåçóëüòàòû

Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü

 Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè âñòðå÷åíî 63âçðîñëûõ ôèëèíà, îáíàðóæåíî 57 ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ (58 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, åñëèâêëþ÷àòü ïàðó, âûÿâëåííóþ â Áóçóëóêñêîìáîðó íà òåððèòîðèè Îðåíáóðãñêîé îáëà-ñòè) (ðèñ. 2). Íà 48 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ(82,76%) íàéäåíû ãí¸çäà. Îáùåå êîëè÷å-ñòâî îáíàðóæåííûõ ãí¸çä ñîñòàâèëî 75,âêëþ÷àÿ ñòàðûå. Íà 28 ó÷àñòêàõ (48,28%)óñòàíîâëåíî óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå, â òîì÷èñëå íà 25 ó÷àñòêàõ ñ îáíàðóæåííûìèãí¸çäàìè. Íà 3-õ ó÷àñòêàõ ãí¸çäà îáíàðó-æåíû íå áûëè, õîòÿ âñòðå÷åíû íåðàñïàâ-øèåñÿ âûâîäêè. Íà 11 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ(18,97%) îáíàðóæåíû ïóñòóþùèå ãí¸çäàëèáî ãí¸çäà ñ ïîãèáøèìè êëàäêàìè è âû-

Äîìèíèðóþùèé áèîòîï íà ïëîùàäêàõ Dominating biotopes on plots

Ïëîùàäüïëîùàäîê

(êì2)Area of plots

(km2)

Äëèíàìàðøðóòîâ

(êì)Length

of routes(km)

Ïëîùàäüáèîòîïîâ

(êì2)Area

of biotopes(km2)

Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïóøåê (êì)

Length of forest edges

(km)

Äîëÿ ïëîùàäè áèîòîïîâ íà ïëîùàäêàõ îò òàêîâîé

â îáëàñòè (%)Percent of biotope areas in plots on the total biotope

areas in district (%)

Áîëîòà / Bogs 67.14 71.90 506.40 13.3

Óðåìà / Flood forest 57.94 63.50 1385.70 1996.60 4.2Ñòåïü / Steppe 3.16 9.00 763.60 0.4

Çàëåæü / Old field 8.54 11.30 2290.70 0.4Îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûå ëåñîñòåïíûå êîìïëåêñû Forest-steppe systems of ravines

240.52 135.40 6965.70 3.5

Ëåñîïîëîñû / Forest lines 10.53 21.50 638.80 2390.30 1.6

Øèðîêîëèñòâåííûé ëåñ Broadleaved forest

3.47 9.59 1292.60 1862.40 0.3

Ëèñòâåííûé ëåñ Deciduous forest

9.78 7.40 2585.10 3724.70 0.4

Ñìåøàííûé ëåñ Mixed forest

22.32 28.00 775.50 1117.40 2.9

Áîð / Pine forest 38.41 67.20 517.00 744.90 7.4

Òàáë. 2. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäåé ïî áèîòîïàì Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè

Table 2. Distribution of study plots in different biotopes in the Samara district

Page 41: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 41

âîäêàìè. Íà 12 ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíû òîëüêîñòàðûå ãí¸çäà, ïðè÷¸ì ëèøü 4èç íèõ áûëè îäíîçíà÷íî çàíÿ-òûìè ôèëèíàìè, è óñïåøíîåðàçìíîæåíèå çàðåãèñòðèðî-âàíî â ãîä, ïðåäøåñòâóþùèéîáíàðóæåíèþ ãíåçäà. Ëèøü íà11 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ôèëè-íîâ ãí¸çäà íå îáíàðóæåíû,ïðè÷¸ì íà 8 èç íèõ âñòðå÷å-íû âîêàëèçèðóþùèå (òîêóþ-ùèå èëè áåñïîêîÿùèåñÿ) ïòè-öû, è 3 ó÷àñòêà âûÿâëåíî íàîñíîâàíèè ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõñëåäîâ ôèëèíîâ (ïîåäè, ïî-ãàäêè, ïåðüÿ).  îáùåé ñëîæ-íîñòè ïðîñëåæåíî 52 ñëó÷àÿðàçìíîæåíèÿ, ïðè÷¸ì íà íå-êîòîðûõ ãí¸çäàõ íà Ñàìàðñ-êîé Ëóêå â òå÷åíèå ðÿäà ëåò.

 õîäå ó÷¸òîâ 21 ïàðà ôè-ëèíîâ îáíàðóæåíà â ïðåäåëàõ15 ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê.

Íàèáîëüøàÿ êàê ïî ÷èñëåí-íîñòè, òàê è ïî ïëîòíîñòèãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà ôèëè-íà ñîñðåäîòî÷åíà íà ïðàâîáå-ðåæíîé òåððàñå Âîëãè ñ ÿä-ðîì íà Ñàìàðñêîé Ëóêå. Çäåñüôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ íà êðóïíûõ îñòåïí¸ííûõñêëîíàõ ëîãîâ, âûõîäÿùèõ ê Âîëãå, çàíè-ìàÿ íåáîëüøèå íèøè è óñòóïû â ïîäíîæèèñêàëüíûõ âûõîäîâ, ðàñïîëîæåííûõ â âåð-õíèõ ÷àñòÿõ ñêëîíîâ. Íà Ñàìàðñêîé Ëóêåâ 1997 ã. íà ïëîùàäè 47 êì2 ôèëèí âñòðå-÷åí íà 13 ó÷àñòêàõ. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó 7ãí¸çäàìè â Æèãóëÿõ ñîñòàâëÿëî 1–3 êì.  öåëîì ïî Ëóêå â òîò ïåðèîä áûëî âûÿâëå-

íî 10 ãí¸çä, ïîêèíóòûõ ñë¸òêàìè, è 6 ìåñòâåðîÿòíîãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà. Ïëîò-íîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 11 ïàð/100 êì2, à ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ôèëèíîâ îöåíåíà â 20ïàð (Êàðÿêèí, 1998; Êàðÿêèí, Ïàæåíêîâ,1999). Ê 2007 ã. íà Ñàìàðñêîé Ëóêå îá-ñëåäîâàíû ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûå äëÿ ôèëèíà áèîòîïû, è îáíàðóæåíûãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè 21 ïàðû, ÷òî áëèçêî êàáñîëþòíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè.  2007 ã. áûëèâûáîðî÷íî ïðîâåðåíû 6 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ – îíè âñå îêàçàëèñü æèëûìè, õîòÿ íà4-õ ó÷àñòêàõ ôèëèíû ñìåíèëè ñâîè ñòàðûåãíåçäîâûå íèøè íà íîâûå.

×èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà âñåé òåððèòîðèèÂîëæñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ, áåç Ðà÷åéñêî-ãî áîðà, â 2004 ã. áûëà îöåíåíà â 34 – 38,â ñðåäíåì 36 ïàð. Îäíàêî ïîçæå áûëèîáñëåäîâàíû îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûå ñèñòåìûÍîâîäåâè÷üèõ è Ñåíãèëååâñêèõ ãîð, ãäåóñòàíîâëåíî ãíåçäîâàíèå ôèëèíà ñ âûñî-

Ðèñ. 2. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèåèçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà â Ñà-ìàðñêîé îáëàñòè

Fig. 2. Distribution of theknown Eagle Owl’sbreeding territories in theSamara district

Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ôèëèíà íà Êóéáûøåâñêîì âîäî-õðàíèëèùå: Ïîäâàëüñêèå ÿðû (ââåðõó) è Óñèíñêèéçàëèâ (âíèçó). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Breeding territories of the Eagle Owl in the Kuiby-shevskoe Reservoir: Podvalskie Yary (upper) and theUsinskiy Gulf (bottom). Photos by I. Karyakin

Page 42: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1042

êîé ïëîòíîñòüþ âíå ìåëîâûõ îáíàæåíèé. ðåçóëüòàòå óâåëè÷åíèÿ ïëîùàäè äëÿ ýê-ñòðàïîëÿöèè ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ ÷èñëåííîñòüâèäà äëÿ Âîëæñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ îöåíå-íà â 45–55 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 50 ïàð.

Âòîðàÿ êðóïíàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêàîõâàòûâàåò ñòåïíûå ðàéîíû íà êðàéíåìþãå Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè. Íàèáîëüøåé ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè ôèëèí äîñòèãàåò â ñòåïíûõ ðàé-îíàõ Îáùåãî Ñûðòà íà þãî-âîñòîêå îáëà-ñòè.  1999–2000 ã. íàìè áûëè íàèáîëååïîëíî îáñëåäîâàíû îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûåñèñòåìû âåðõîâüåâ Èðãèçà è Ðîñòîøè, èîáíàðóæåíî 6 ãí¸çä ôèëèíà. Âñå ãí¸çäàðàñïîëàãàëèñü â íèøàõ â îñíîâàíèè èëè íàâåðøèíàõ îïîëçíåâûõ îáðûâîâ â âåðõî-âüÿõ ñòåïíûõ áàëîê. Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâà-íèÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 5,4 ïàð/ 100 êì2. Ïî ñî-ñòîÿíèþ íà 2004 ã. ÷èñëåííîñòüãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ôèëèíîâ íà òåððèòîðèè Îá-ùåãî Ñûðòà îöåíåíà â 14–16 ïàð. Ïîâòîð-íîå îáñëåäîâàíèå òåððèòîðèè ïîêàçàëî,

÷òî îäèí èçâåñòíûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîêôèëèíîâ ïðåêðàòèë ñâî¸ ñóùåñòâîâàíèåèç-çà çàðàñòàíèÿ áàëêè êóñòàðíèêàìè ñïè-ðåè, âèøíè è ìèíäàëÿ, çàòî â ìåñòàõ áû-ëîãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ (Aquilanipalensis), ïîêèíóòûõ ïòèöàìè èç-çà îòñóò-ñòâèÿ âûïàñà è èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ êîëîíèé ìà-ëîãî ñóñëèêà, ïîÿâèëèñü 3 íîâûõ ó÷àñòêàôèëèíîâ.  èòîãå, ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà2007 ã. ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà ÎáùåìÑûðòå îöåíåíà â 15–20 ïàð.

Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ðàçíûõ ïàðîïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ðàñïðåäåëåíèåì â ïðîñòðàí-ñòâå ìåñò, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä(ñêàë, îáðûâîâ, êðóòîñêëîíîâ áàëîê), è ñî-ñòàâëÿåò (n=12) 2,1–8,3 êì, â ñðåäíåì4,49±1,96 êì íà Îáùåì Ñûðòå è (n=27)1,4–7,8 êì, â ñðåäíåì 3,84±1,92 êì – íàÏðèâîëæñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè.  öåëîì ïîýòèì äâóì ãíåçäîâûì ãðóïïèðîâêàì ðàñ-ñòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäàìè ðàçíûõ ïàð ôè-ëèíîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 4,04±1,93 êì (E

x – 0,1) è

áëèçêî ê íîðìàëüíîìó (K-S d=0.099, p>0.20). Íà îñòàëüíîé òåððèòîðèè îáëàñòèôèëèí ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í ñïîðàäè÷íî, è êà-êèå-ëèáî çàêîíîìåðíîñòè â ðàñïðåäåëå-íèè îòñóòñòâóþò.

Íà þãî-çàïàäå Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè íàõî-äèòñÿ òàê íàçûâàåìûé Êàìåííûé Ñûðò, íå-ñêîëüêî îòëè÷àþùèéñÿ ïî ñòðóêòóðå ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà áèîòîïîâ îòÎáùåãî Ñûðòà. Áàëêè çäåñü ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî ïîêðûòû ëåñîì, îïîëçíåâûå îá-íàæåíèÿ ïî ñêëîíàì áàëîê îòñóòñòâóþò, ââåðõîâüÿõ áàëîê ðàçâèòû óçêèå îâðàãè.Çäåñü ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ â øèðîêèõ ÷àñòÿõáàëîê, óñòðàèâàÿ ãíåçäà íà îáëåñåííûõñêëîíàõ â ïîäíîæèè äåðåâüåâ. Íàéäåíî 5ãí¸çä íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ 2-õ ïàð, è íà3-õ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ âñòðå÷åíû òîêóþ-ùèå ïòèöû. ×èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà äàí-íîé òåððèòîðèè îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 8–10 ïàð.

Ñðåäíèé Ñûðò ïî ñâîåé ñòðóêòóðå çàíè-ìàåò ïðîìåæóòî÷íîå ïîëîæåíèå ìåæäóÊàìåííûì è Îáùèì. Çäåñü èìåþòñÿ êàêîáëåñåííûå áàëêè ñ ïîëîãèìè ñêëîíàìè,òàê è ñòåïíûå áàëêè ñ îïîëçíåâûìè îáðû-âàìè. Ýòîò Ñûðò íå îáñëåäîâàí, îäíàêî,ñóäÿ ïî íàëè÷èþ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòî-ïîâ, çäåñü âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå 6ïàð ôèëèíîâ.

Òåððèòîðèÿ ëåâîãî áåðåãà Âîëãè ñåâåð-íåå äîëèíû ð. Ñàìàðû ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîéõîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòóþ ëåñîñòåïü – ýòî òàêíàçûâàåìîå Âûñîêîå Çàâîëæüå. Áîëüøàÿ÷àñòü òåððèòîðèè, èñêëþ÷àÿ òåððàñíûåáîðû Âîëãè, Êîíäóð÷è è Ñàìàðû, ïîêðûòàîñòðîâíûìè ëèñòâåííûìè ëåñàìè, áîëüøàÿ÷àñòü èç êîòîðûõ ñîõðàíèëàñü â íàèáîëåå

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäåíà Ìîëîäåöêîì êóðãàíå.17.06.2007. Ôîòî È. Êà-ðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Eagle Owlin the nest on Molodet-skiy Kurgan cliff. 17/06/2007. Photos by I. Kar-yakin.

Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ôèëè-íà â Íîâîäåâè÷üèõ ãî-ðàõ: Ëåâàøîâñêàÿ ñòåïü(ââåðõó) è Ïîäâàëüñêèåÿðû (âíèçó). Ôîòî È. Êà-ðÿêèíà

Breeding territories of theEagle Owl in the Novode-vichy Mountains: Le-vashovskaya steppe (up-per) and Podvalskie Yary(bottom). Photos by I.Karyakin

Page 43: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 43

ïåðåñå÷¸ííûõ ëàíäøàôòàõ ñåâåðî-âîñòî-êà îáëàñòè. Çäåñü â 90-õ ãã. áûëè îáñëåäî-âàíû Øóíãóò-Ñóðãóòñêîå ìåæäóðå÷üå èâåðõîâüÿ Ñîêà â ðàéîíå Áàéòóãàíà. Íà ïîñ-ëåäíåé òåððèòîðèè íàéäåíû ãí¸çäà 2-õ ïàðôèëèíîâ, êîòîðûå ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà îñòåï-íåííûõ êðóòîñêëîíàõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé âïîäíîæèè äåðåâüåâ. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà4,8 ïàð/100 êì2. Åù¸ îäíî æèëîå ãíåçäîôèëèíîâ, ïîêèíóòîå ñë¸òêàìè, îáíàðóæå-íî â èþëå 2007 ã. íà ïðèðå÷íîì îáðûâå ââåðõîâüÿõ îäíîãî èç ïðèòîêîâ ð. Ñóðãóò.

Îáñëåäîâàíèå Êóòóëóêñêèõ è Êèíåëüñêèõÿðîâ íà ïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà íåïðèíåñëî ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Âèòîãå ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèèíà òåððèòîðèè Âûñîêîãî Çàâîëæüÿ (èñêëþ-÷àÿ áîðû) îöåíåíà â 13–15 ïàð.

Âåðîÿòíî, 2–3 ïàðû ôèëèíîâ ãíåçäèòñÿâ îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûõ ñèñòåìàõ ìåæäóðå-÷üÿ ×àïàåâêè è Ñàìàðû, ãäå â àâãóñòå 2007ã. â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Äîìàøêà îáíàðóæåí ãíåç-äîâîé ó÷àñòîê, ïðè÷¸ì åäèíñòâåííûé âöåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè îáëàñòè.

Âñå âûøåóêàçàííûå ãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïè-ðîâêè ôèëèíà òÿãîòåþò ê îâðàæíî-áàëî÷-íîé ñåòè, êàê îáëåñåííîé, òàê è îñòåï-í¸ííîé, ïîýòîìó ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå ïîïëîòíîñòè â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ(êðóòîñêëîíû ñ îáíàæåíèÿìè ìàòåðèíñ-êèõ ïîðîä, îïîëçíåâûìè è ýðîçèîííû-ìè îáðûâàìè) íà ïëîùàäêàõ ýêñòðàïîëè-ðîâàëè íà ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ âñåé îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íîé ñåòè âîáëàñòè (òàáë. 3).

Ïëîùàäêà Plots

Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ

áèîòîïîâ íà ïëîùàäêàõ

(êì2)Area of nesting

biotopes in plots(km2)

Êîëè÷åñòâî ó÷ò¸ííûõ ïàð

Number of pairs

Ïëîòíîñòü (ïàð/êì2)

Density (pair/km2)

Äîëÿ ïëîùàäîê, íàñåë¸ííûõ

âèäîì, îò ÷èñëà îáñëåäîâàííûõ (%)

Percent of plots with Eagle Owls

on the total number of plots (%)

Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ

áèîòîïîâ â Ñàìàðñêîé

îáëàñòè (êì2)Area of nesting biotopes in the

Samara district (km2)

Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè

(ïàðû)Estimated

number (pairs)

1 2.20 1 0.459 1.60 1 0.6310 1.50 1 0.67

11 1.40 1 0.7112 1.50 1 0.67

50.00 44.5 22 (±3)

14 2.00 1 0.50

24 2.50 1 0.4027 3.30 1 0.30

29 3.50 1 0.2930 3.70 1 0.2736 5.70 3 0.53

37 5.50 4 0.7346 2.20 1 0.4547 2.00 1 0.50

71.43 115.7 58 (±9)

Âñåãî

Total

41.1 20 0.5±0.15 160.2 80 (±12)

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå ïîä îïîëçíåâûì îáðûâîì íà ð. Èðãèç.24.06.2007. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Chicks of the Eagle Owl in the nest on the Irgiz river’s cliff. 24/06/2007. Photos by I. Karyakin

Ãíåçäî ôèëèíà áëèç Êàøïèðà. 03.07.2007. Ôîòî À. Ïàæåíêîâà

Nest of the Eagle Owl near Kashpir. 03/07/2007. Photo by A. Pazhenkov

Òàáë. 3. Ðåçóëüòàòû ó÷¸òîâ ôèëèíà â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè

Table 3. Results of Eagle Owl counts in the Samara District

Page 44: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1044

Áîðû – íàèáîëåå ïðåäïî÷è-òàåìûé ôèëèíîì òèï ëåñà âïðåäåëàõ âñåãî àðåàëà. Âñòåïíîé çîíå îíè çàñåëÿþòñÿäîñòàòî÷íî ïëîòíî, îäíàêî, âÑàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè îíè ñëàáîèçó÷åíû, îñîáåííî íà ïðåä-ìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, âñâÿçè ñ ÷åì òðóäíî îïðåäåëèòüòî÷íûå ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòèýòîãî âèäà.  ïðåäåëàõ îáëàñ-òè â 1999 ã. íàéäåíî åäèí-ñòâåííîå ñòàðîå ãíåçäî ôèëè-íà â Ðà÷åéñêîì áîðó, êîòîðîåðàñïîëàãàëîñü â îñíîâàíèè êàìåííîãî âà-ëóíà â 50 ì îò îïóøêè áîðà íà êðóòîñêëî-íå, ïðè÷¸ì ïîäòâåðäèòü çäåñü ãíåçäîâàíèåôèëèíà â 2007 ã. íå óäàëîñü.  Áóçóëóêñ-êîì áîðó ãíåçäî ôèëèíà èçâåñòíî ñ òåð-ðèòîðèè Îðåíáóðãñêîé îáëàñòè – îíî ðàñ-ïîëàãàëîñü áëèç îïóøêè â ïîäíîæèè ñîñíû. òåððàñíûõ áîðàõ Âîëãè è Êîíäóð÷è èç-âåñòíû ëèøü ðåãèñòðàöèè ñëåäîâ ïðåáûâà-íèÿ ôèëèíà, à òàêæå âñòðå÷à â íåãíåçäî-âîé ïåðèîä. Òàê èëè èíà÷å, ôèëèí âñòðå÷åíâî âñåõ òèïàõ áîðîâ îáëàñòè, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì,

îïèðàÿñü íà ìèíèìàëüíûå ïîêàçàòåëè åãîïëîòíîñòè â ñòåïíûõ áîðàõ â öåëîì ïî àðå-àëó (1 ïàðà/36,6 êì îïóøêè èëè 1 ïàðà/16,8 êì íåîñâîåííîé ÷àñòè îïóøêè íàïðî-òèâ ïàñòáèùà), ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåç-äîâàíèå â îáëàñòè êàê ìèíèìóì 5 ïàð.

Âñå âûøåïðèâåä¸ííûå äàííûå äàþò îñ-íîâàíèå ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåçäîâàíèå â Ñà-ìàðñêîé îáëàñòè 88–108 ïàð ôèëèíîâ.

Ãíåçäîâûå áèîòîïû, ãí¸çäà,îñîáåííîñòè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ

Êàê óæå îòìå÷àëîñü âûøå, ôèëèí â Ñà-ìàðñêîé îáëàñòè òÿãîòååò íà ãíåçäîâàíèèê îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íîé ñåòè âíå çàâèñèìîñ-òè îò ñòåïåíè å¸ îáëåñåííîñòè. Íà ÎáùåìÑûðòå âèä ãíåçäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî íà áåç-ëåñíûõ îïîëçíåâûõ îáðûâàõ ëèáî â îâðà-ãàõ ïîä íèìè, âûáèðàÿ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿíèøè â ïîäíîæèè îáðûâîâ ëèáî ïðîìîè-íàõ â âåðõíèõ ÷àñòÿõ áàëîê. Áëèæå ê Âîë-ãå áåçëåñíûå îâðàãè âñòðå÷àþòñÿ âñ¸ åù¸â áîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå, îäíàêî ôèëèí çäåñüïðåäïî÷èòàåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ â îáëåñåííûõ îâ-ðàãàõ, óñòðàèâàÿ ãí¸çäà â ïîäíîæèè äåðå-âüåâ, ðàñòóùèõ íà ñêëîíàõ, ëèáî â ïðèêîð-íåâûõ íèøàõ. Àíàëîãè÷íûé ñòåðåîòèïãíåçäîâàíèÿ õàðàêòåðåí è äëÿ ôèëèíîâ,íàñåëÿþùèõ Íîâîäåâè÷üè ãîðû. Íåñìîòðÿíà îáèëèå ìåëîâûõ îáíàæåíèé, ôèëèíçäåñü ïðåäïî÷èòàåò óñòðàèâàòü ãí¸çäà âïîäíîæèè äåðåâüåâ íà ñêëîíàõ îáëåñåí-íûõ îâðàãîâ, ïîä ìåëîâûìè âûõîäàìè ëèáîíàïðîòèâ íèõ.  áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåââçðîñëûå ïòèöû íà ìåëîâûõ îáíàæåíèÿõðàçäåëûâàþò äîáû÷ó, ïîýòîìó ëîêàëèçî-âàòü ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê íà äàííîé òåððè-òîðèè ìîæíî äîâîëüíî ëåãêî, îáñëåäóÿ«ìåëû» íà ïðåäìåò ïîãàäîê, øêóðîê åæåéè îñòàíêîâ èíîé äîáû÷è ôèëèíà. Þæíåå

Ãíåçäî ôèëèíà íà îáëåñåííîé ñêàëå. Ìîãóòîâà ãîðà.16.06.2007. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Eagle Owl on a rock covered by a for-est. Mogutova mountain. 16/06/2007. Photo by I. Kar-yakin

Ãí¸çäà ôèëèíà íà ÎáùåìÑûðòå â íèøå ïîä êàì-íåì íà ñêëîíå áàëêè(ââåðõó) è â Íîâîäåâè÷ü-èõ ãîðàõ â ïðèêîðíåâîéíèøå â îáëåñåííîì ëîãó(âíèçó).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Nests of the Eagle Owl inthe Obschiy Syrt uplandand the NovodevichyMountains: in niche on aslope of a gully (upper)and niche in the foot oftree on a slope of the for-ested ravine (bottom).Photos by I. Karyakin

Page 45: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 45

Ñàìàðñêîé Ëóêè ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ ñ âûñî-êîé ïëîòíîñòüþ íà ó÷àñòêå îò Ñûçðàíè äîÕâàëûíñêà, òÿãîòåÿ ê ìåëîâûì îáðûâàì,ïðè÷¸ì çäåñü îí ïðåäïî÷èòàåò ãíåçäèòüñÿäîâîëüíî îòêðûòî â ïîäíîæèè èëè ñðåä-íåé ÷àñòè «ìåëîâ» â íèøàõ-ïðîìîèíàõ èëèïîä ïðèêðûòèåì îòäåëüíûõ êàìíåé èëèêóñòîâ, ÿâíî èçáåãàÿ ëåñîíàñàæäåíèé.Åäèíñòâåííîå ãíåçäî þæíåå ÑàìàðñêîéËóêè, ðàñïîëàãàâøååñÿ íà îáðûâå â ïðè-êîðíåâîé íèøå, áûëî îáíàðóæåíî â2007 ã. áëèç Êàøïèðà. Íà ÑàìàðñêîéËóêå ôèëèí òÿãîòååò ê ñêàëàì. Ñòåðåî-òèïû ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíîâ íà Ëóêå âïîñëåäíåå ñòîëåòèå ïðåòåðïåëè îïðåäå-ë¸ííûå èçìåíåíèÿ, è åñëè ðàíåå âèä ãíåç-äèëñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â ãëóáî-êèõ è ïðîñòîðíûõ íèøàõ íà îáëåñåííûõñêàëàõ, î ÷¸ì ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò ñòàðûå ãí¸ç-äà ñ îáèëèåì êîñòåé æåðòâ, òî â íàñòîÿ-ùåå âðåìÿ ïòèöû ÷àñòî ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà îòêðû-òûõ îñòåïí¸ííûõ ñêëîíàõ íà íåáîëüøèõóñòóïàõ. Ïîñëåäíåå ñâÿçàíî, ñêîðåå âñå-

ãî, ñ ôàêòîðîì áåñïîêîéñòâà, ò.ê. ñêàëûàêòèâíî ïîñåùàþòñÿ òóðèñòàìè, îñîáåííîâ ìàéñêèå ïðàçäíèêè.

Èç íåòèïè÷íûõ ãí¸çä ôèëèíà ñëåäóåòîáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå íà ãíåçäî â Ñóñêàíñ-êîì ðûáõîçå, êîòîðîå ðàñïîëàãàëîñü âïîäíîæèè òîïîëÿ ñðåäè àáñîëþòíî ðîâíîéìåñòíîñòè â íåáîëüøîì êîëêå ñðåäè òðîñ-òíèêîâûõ çàéìèù.

 öåëîì ïî îáëàñòè 50% ãí¸çä ôèëèíàîáíàðóæåíî íà ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäàõ (ðèñ. 3),34% – â ðå÷íûõ äîëèíàõ. Åñëè, îöåíèâàÿïðèóðî÷åííîñòü ôèëèíà ê ðåêàì, ó÷èòû-âàòü è îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûå ñèñòåìû ïðà-âîáåðåæüÿ Âîëãè, òî ïîëó÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî îêî-ëî 80% ïàð ôèëèíîâ òÿãîòååò ê ðåêàì.Âûñîêàÿ äîëÿ ãí¸çä ôèëèíà íà ñêàëàõñâÿçàíà, âî-ïåðâûõ, ñ ïåðâîî÷åðåäíûìèõ îáñëåäîâàíèåì, âî-âòîðûõ, ñ òåì, ÷òîïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ñêàëû, íåñìîòðÿ íà èõðåäêîñòü â îáëàñòè, çàíÿòû ôèëèíàìè.Õîòÿ âñ¸ æå áîëüøèíñòâî ïàð ôèëèíîâãíåçäèòñÿ íå íà ñêàëàõ, à íà ðàçëè÷íûõîáíàæåíèÿõ áîðòîâ áàëîê ëèáî â ïîäíî-æèè äåðåâüåâ íà ñêëîíàõ ëîãîâ, òàê êàêèìåííî ýòè áèîòîïû äîìèíèðóþò â îá-ëàñòè, è èìåííî â íèõ òðóäíåå âñåãî èñ-êàòü ãíåçäà ôèëèíà.

×óòü ìåíåå ïîëîâèíû ãí¸çä ôèëèíîâ óñ-òðîåíî íà ñêàëàõ è îáðûâàõ â íèøàõ (45%),

è òðåòü – íà ïîëêàõ è óñòóïàõ,íåçàùèùåííûõ ñâåðõó (31%),îñòàëüíûå ãíåçäÿòñÿ â ïîäíî-æèè äåðåâüåâ, ïðè÷¸ì ëèøü8% – â ïðèêîðíåâûõ íèøàõ,çàêðûòûõ ñâåðõó (ðèñ. 4). Íèç-êàÿ äîëÿ ïîñëåäíåãî òèïà óñò-ðîéñòâà ãí¸çä ñâÿçàíà íàïðÿ-ìóþ ñ òðóäíîñòüþ èõ ïîèñêà.

Ôèëèíîâ íà êëàäêàõ ñòàðà-ëèñü íå áåñïîêîèòü. Åäèí-ñòâåííàÿ îñìîòðåííàÿ êëàä-

êà ñîäåðæàëà 2 ÿéöà. Êîëè÷åñòâî ïòåíöîâóäàëîñü ñîñ÷èòàòü ëèøü â 19 âûâîäêàõ.Áîëüøèíñòâî âûâîäêîâ ñîäåðæàëè 2(42,1%) è 3 (36,8%) ïòåíöà. Ïî 1 è 4ïòåíöà áûëî îáíàðóæåíî â 10% âûâîä-êîâ ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ñðåäíåå êîëè÷åñòâîïòåíöîâ â âûâîäêå – 2,47±0,84. Èñõîäÿèç ýòîãî, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî èêëàäêè ôèëèíà â îáëàñòè ñîñòîÿò â îñ-íîâíîì èç 2–3-õ ÿèö.

Çàêëþ÷åíèå

Ðàáîòà ïî èçó÷åíèþ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿôèëèíà â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè ïîêàçàëà,÷òî âèä ÿâëÿåòñÿ áîëåå èëè ìåíåå îáû÷-íûì ëèøü â óçêîé ïîëîñå Âîëæñêîãî ïðà-

Ðèñ. 4. Õàðàêòåð óñòðîé-ñòâà ãí¸çä ôèëèíîâ

Fig. 4. Peculiarities of theEagle Owl’s nest sites

Ðèñ. 3. Ìåñòà óñòðîéñòâàãí¸çä ôèëèíîâ

Fig. 3. Locations of theEagle Owl’s nests

Page 46: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1046

âîáåðåæüÿ è â îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûõ ñèñ-òåìàõ Îáùåãî Ñûðòà íà êðàéíåì þãî-çà-ïàäå îáëàñòè. Íà îñòàëüíîé òåððèòîðèèîáëàñòè âèä ðåäîê ëèáî êðàéíå ðåäîê,îñîáåííî â ïîëîñå þæíîé ëåñîñòåïèìåæäó ðåêàìè Ñàìàðà è Ñîê, íåñìîòðÿíà íàëè÷èå ìåñò, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ åãî ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ñîêðàùåíèÿ ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè ôèëèíà çà ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò íåâûÿâëåíî, íàîáîðîò, â ðÿäå ãíåçäîâûõãðóïïèðîâîê, â ñâÿçè ñ ðàçðóõîé â ñåëü-ñêîì õîçÿéñòâå, íàáëþäàåòñÿ íåêîòîðûéðîñò åãî ÷èñëåííîñòè. Íåñîìíåííî, ðîñò

÷èñëåííîñòè ôèëèíàîáóñëîâëåí ïðåêðàùåíè-åì âûïàñà â ñòåïíîéçîíå, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãîñîêðàòèëñÿ ôàêòîð áåñ-ïîêîéñòâà, è ðåçêî óïà-ëà ÷èñëåííîñòü îñíîâíûõïèùåâûõ êîíêóðåíòîâ –ñòåïíîãî îðëà è êóðãàí-íèêà (Buteo rufinus).  òîæå âðåìÿ çàðàñòàíèåïàñòáèù âåä¸ò ê îñêóäå-íèþ êîðìîâîé áàçû, àçàêóñòàðèâàíèå áàëîê âîòñóòñòâèå âûïàñà ïðè-âîäèò ê ñíèæåíèþ èõãíåçäîïðèãîäíîñòè äëÿôèëèíà. Âîçìîæíî, âáóäóùåì ýòè ïðîöåññû

ïðèâåäóò ê íåêîòîðîìó ñîêðàùåíèþ ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè âèäà, íî â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ êàêìèíèìóì íà Ïðèâîëæñêîé âîçâûøåííî-ñòè è Îáùåì Ñûðòå ñèòóàöèÿ ñ ôèëèíîìáëàãîïîëó÷íà. Îïòèìèçì âñåëÿåò è òî,÷òî, íåñìîòðÿ íà ðåçêîå óâåëè÷åíèå ðåê-ðåàöèîííîé íàãðóçêè íà òåððèòîðèþ Ñà-ìàðñêîé Ëóêè, ôèëèí ïðîäîëæàåò ãíåç-äèòüñÿ çäåñü ïðàêòè÷åñêè íà âñåõãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ, âûÿâëåííûõ 10 ëåòíàçàä.

Èç ñîâðåìåííûõ óãðîç îñíîâíàÿ – ðàç-âèòèå íåôòåäîáûâàþùåãî êîìïëåêñà.Ðàçâåäêà, à ñëåäîì è äîáû÷à íåôòè îñó-ùåñòâëÿåòñÿ íà ñîõðàíèâøèõñÿ ñòåïíûõó÷àñòêàõ (íåóäîáüÿõ), ÷òî âåä¸ò ê óíè÷-òîæåíèþ ìåñò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà. Ðàç-âèòèå èíôðàñòðóêòóðû ËÝÏ, íå îñíàù¸í-íûõ ïòèöåçàùèòíûìè ñîîðóæåíèÿìè,âåä¸ò ê ãèáåëè ôèëèíîâ íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏîò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì.  ñåçîí2007 ã. íà þãå Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè ïðàê-òè÷åñêè íà âñåõ ñòåïíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ Îáùå-ãî Ñûðòà, âêëþ÷àÿ òåððèòîðèè ÎÎÏÒ, ïîçàêàçó ÒÍÊ-BP, îñóùåñòâëÿëàñü ãåîëîãè-÷åñêàÿ ðàçâåäêà ðåñóðñîâ íåôòè.  ðå-çóëüòàòå ôàêòîðà áåñïîêîéñòâà è óíè÷-

òîæåíèÿ ñòåïè íà ëáàõ â âåðõîâüÿõ áà-ëîê ïîãèáëè âûâîäêè ó 2-õ ïàð ôèëèíîâ.Îáùèé óùåðá Èðãèçñêî-Ðîñòàøèíñêîéãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêå ôèëèíîâ â ðå-çóëüòàòå ãåîðàçâåäêè áûë íàíåñ¸í, âèäè-ìî, êóäà áîëåå ñåðü¸çíûé, îäíàêî îöå-íèòü åãî íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûìèç-çà òîãî, ÷òî îáñëåäîâàíèå áîëüøåé ÷à-ñòè òåððèòîðèè ïðîâîäèëîñü â èþíå, êîã-äà âûâîäêè ïîêèíóëè ãí¸çäà.

Äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ ôèëèíà íàñóùíî íå-îáõîäèìî çàïðåùåíèå îñâîåíèÿ ïîñëå-äíèõ ñòåïíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ íà Îáùåì Ñûðòåè Ïðèâîëæñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè: ñîçäàíèåçàêàçíèêà «Ñèíèé Ñûðò», êîòîðûé áûëñïðîåêòèðîâàí åù¸ â 1994 ã., íî òàê èíå ñîçäàí äî ñèõ ïîð, ñîçäàíèå ïàìÿò-íèêîâ ïðèðîäû «Êàøïèðñêàÿ ñòåïü»,«Êóáðèíñêàÿ ñòåïü», «Ïîäâàëüñêèå ÿðû»,«Àêòàøñêèå ÿðû» è «Ëåâàøîâñêàÿ ñòåïü»(Ñìåëÿíñêèé, Ïàæåíêîâ, 2007).

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Óðàëüñêî-ãî ðåãèîíà. Ñîêîëîîáðàçíûå (Falconiformes),Ñîâîîáðàçíûå (Strigiformes). Ïåðìü: ÖÏÈÑÎÆ Óðàëà / ÑîÝÑ, 1998. 483 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè (ìåòîäè÷åñ-êèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî èçó÷åíèþ ñîêîëîîáðàç-íûõ è ñîâîîáðàçíûõ). Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä: Èçä-âî «Ïîâîëæüå». 2004. 351 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ. Íåêîòîðûå àñ-ïåêòû ñîâðåìåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ôàóíû êðóï-íûõ ïåðíàòûõ è ÷åòâåðîíîãèõ õèùíèêîâ Ñà-ìàðñêîé Ëóêè. – Ñàìàðñêàÿ Ëóêà íà ïîðîãåòðåòüåãî òûñÿ÷åëåòèÿ (Ìàòåðèàëû ê äîêëàäó«Ñîñòîÿíèå ïðèðîäíîãî è êóëüòóðíîãî íàñëå-äèÿ Ñàìàðñêîé Ëóêè»). Òîëüÿòòè: ÈÝÂÁ ÐÀÍ,ÎÑÍÏ «Ïàðêâåé», 1999. Ñ. 214–219.

Ëåáåäåâà Ã.Ï., Ïàíòåëååâ È.Â., Ïàâëîâ Ñ.È.,Øàïîøíèêîâ Â.Ì., Äóáðîâñêèé Å.Í., ßñþê Â.Ï.,Ìàãäååâ Ä.Â., Ñèìàê Ñ.Â., Áûêîâ Å.Â., Äþæàå-âà È.Â., Âèíîãðàäîâ À.Â., Òàðàíîâà À.Ì., Ãó-ðèíåíêî À. Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ðåäêèõâèäîâ ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè.– Ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê ×óâàøñêîé ðåñïóá-ëèêè. Âûï. 57. Ìàòåðèàëû âñåðîññèéñêîé íà-ó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè «Èçó÷åíèåïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè Âîëæñêî-Êàìñêîãî êðàÿ».24–26 ìàðòà 2007 ã., ã. ×åáîêñàðû ×óâàøñêîéðåñïóáëèêè. ×åáîêñàðû. 2007. Ñ. 48–53.

Ìèëüêîâ Ô.Í. Ïðèðîäíûå çîíû ÑÑÑÐ. Ì.1977. 293 ñ.

Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ. Ñòåïè ñà-ìàðñêîé îáëàñòè. Àòëàñ-ôîòîàëüáîì. Ñàìàðà:ÄÑÌ, 2007. 28 ñ.

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà â ãíåçäå.Îêðåñòíîñòè Êàøïèðà.03.07.2007. Ôîòî À. Ïà-æåíêîâà

Chicks of the Eagle Owlin nest. Vicinities of Kash-pir. 03/07/2007. Photoby A. Pazhenkov

Page 47: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 47

Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ õèùíûõïòèö è ñîâ ïðîâîäèëèñü íà òåððèòîðèèÂåðõíåãî Ïðèàíãàðüÿ â òå÷åíèå âñåãî ãîäà. îñíîâíîì íàìè áûëè îáñëåäîâàíû ñòåï-íûå è ëåñîñòåïíûå ðàéîíû íà òåððèòîðèèÓñòü-Îðäûíñêîãî Áóðÿòñêîãî àâòîíîìíîãîîêðóãà (ÓÎÁÀÎ), ÷àñòè÷íî èññëåäîâàíèÿ-ìè îõâà÷åíû ðÿä ïðèëåãàþùèõ ê îêðóãó ëå-ñîñòåïíûõ òåððèòîðèé Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñ-òè. Ó÷¸òû õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâ ïðîâîäèëèñüâî âðåìÿ àâòîìîáèëüíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ, êîòî-ðûìè îòíîñèòåëüíî ðàâíîìåðíî îõâà÷åíûâñå øåñòü ðàéîíîâ îêðóãà. Âñåãî â òå÷å-íèå 2006 ã. àâòîìîáèëüíûìè ìàðøðóòàìèïðîéäåíî 13155 êì. Ðåçóëüòàòû ó÷¸òà õèù-íûõ ïòèö ïðèâåäåíû â òàáëèöå 1, à ñîâ – âòàáëèöå 2.  íàèáîëåå èíòåðåñíûõ ìåñòàõïðîâîäèëèñü ðàäèàëüíûå ïåøèå ìàðøðó-òû ñ öåëüþ ïîèñêà ãí¸çä. Ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñüâñå âñòðå÷è õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâ. Çà ñåçîí2006 ã. íàìè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî âñåãî 19âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö è 6 âèäîâ ñîâ.  äàí-íîì ñîîáùåíèè ïðèâîäèòñÿ òîëüêî èíôîð-ìàöèÿ, ñîáðàííàÿ â õîäå äàííûõ èññëåäî-âàíèé, áåç àíàëèçà ëèòåðàòóðíûõ è èíûõñâåäåíèé.

Êîíòàêò:

Âàëåðèé ÌàëååâÃîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ äóìàÐîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè[email protected]Âèêòîð ÏîïîâÈðêóòñêîå îòäåëåíèåÑÎÏÐÐîññèÿ 669001ÓÎÁÀÎóë. Ëåíèíà, 18òåë.: +7 (3952) 48 04 [email protected]

Contact:

Valeriy MaleevState Duma of theRussian [email protected] PopovThe Irkutskbranch of RBCULenina str., 18Ust-OrdynskiyRussia 669001tel.: +7 (3952) 48 04 [email protected]

We surveyed the birds of prey and owls onthe carried out on the territories of forest-steppe regions of the Ust-Ordynsk autono-mous district in 2006. Surveys were carriedout during vehicle routes and covered all of6 regions of the district. The total length ofvehicle routes was 13155 km in 2006. Theresults of surveys of birds of prey are in thetable 1, owls – in the table 2. We registered19 species of birds of prey and 6 species ofowls in 2006. We revealed following spe-cies as common: Black-eared Kite (Milvusmigrans lineatus), Hen Harrier (Circus cy-aneus), Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo),Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius), Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus), and Rough-legged Buz-zard (Buteo lagopus) as common winteringspecies. Following species were noted asrare: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Im-perial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Great SpottedEagle (Aquila clanga), Steppe Eagle (Aquilanipalensis), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pen-natus), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus),Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), Eagle Owl(Bubo bubo). We found nests of UplandBuzzard, Golden Eagle, Peregrine Falcon,Kestrel, Eagle Owl, Long-eared Owl (Asiootus) and Ural Owl (Strix uralensis). Therewere the new record of the Merlin (Falcocolumbarius) in summer and new recordsof Western and Eastern Marsh Harriers (Cir-cus aeruginosus aeruginosus, C. a. spilono-tus). Besides the Rough-legged Buzzard wenoted as wintering Upland Buzzard, Gos-hawk (Accipiter gentilis), Golden Eagle,Merlin and may be Kestrel. We noted thenumber of rodents has decreased in 2006and certainly impacted on the number ofraptors. Despite of this fact the number ofraptors on the territory of the Ust-Ordynskautonomous district is higher than on near-est territories of the Irkutsk district. Partly itcan be explained as the result of traditionalcareful respect of local people to the birdsof prey.

Birds�of�Prey�and�Owls�of�Forest-Steppes�in�the�Upper�Angara

Region,�Russia

ХИЩНЫЕ�ПТИЦЫ�И�СОВЫ�ЛЕСОСТЕПЕЙ�ВЕРХНЕГОПРИАНГАРЬЯ,�РОССИЯ

Popov�V.V.�(Irkutsk�Branch�of�the�Russian�Birds�Conservation�Union,�Russia)

Maleev�V.G.�(State�Duma�of�the�Russian�Federation,�Russia)

Попов�В.В.�(Иртсое�отделение�Союза�охраны�птиц�России,�Иртс,�Россия)

Малеев�В.Г.�(Госдарственная�дма�РФ,�Мосва,�Россия)

×åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans lineatus). Ôîòî Â. Ìàëååâà

Black-eared Kite (Milvus migrans lineatus). Photo by V. Maleev

Page 48: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1048

Õîõëàòûé îñîåä(Pernis ptilorhynchus)

Âñòðå÷åí âñåãî îäèí ðàç – ïòèöà ñâåò-ëîé ìîðôû – 25 àâãóñòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äå-ðåâíè Çàõàðîâêà â Áîõàíñêîì ðàéîíå.

×åðíîóõèé êîðøóí(Milvus migrans lineatus)

Îáû÷íûé øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûéâèä. Âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîâñåìåñò-íî, íî ñêîïëåíèé, õàðàêòåðíûõ äëÿ Òóâû èÌîíãîëèè, íå îáðàçóåò. Ïåðâàÿ âñòðå÷à â2006 ã. íà òåððèòîðèè îêðóãà ïðîèçîøëà12 àïðåëÿ – ïî îäíîìó êîðøóíó âñòðå÷å-íî â Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêîì ðàéîíå íà îç.Îðäûíñêîì è â Áàÿíäàåâñêîì ðàéîíå â

îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Îëüçîíû. Ñòîëü ïîçäíÿÿâñòðå÷à êîðøóíà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñî ñðåä-íåãîäîâûìè äàííûìè (êîíåö ìàðòà – íà-÷àëî àïðåëÿ), ñêîðåå âñåãî, ñâÿçàíà ñ àíî-ìàëüíî õîëîäíîé âåñíîé. Îòìå÷åíàïîâûøåííàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü â êîíöå ìàÿ â îê-ðåñòíîñòÿõ ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà «Áàòûðîâàðîùà» â Àëàðñêîì ðàéîíå, ãäå íà 3 êì îò-ìå÷åíî 5 êîðøóíîâ. Ãí¸çä ÷åðíîóõîãî êîð-øóíà íå íàéäåíî, òàê æå êàê è íå âñòðå÷å-íî âûâîäêîâ. Êîðøóí ÷àùå äðóãèõ õèùíûõïòèö âñòðå÷àåòñÿ â íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòàõ. Âîòëè÷èå îò äðóãèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö ÷èñëåí-íîñòü â òå÷åíèå ñåçîíà, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåìñåíòÿáðÿ (â ñâÿçè ñ îòë¸òîì), íå ïðåòåð-ïåâàåò èçìåíåíèé è ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ â ïðåäå-

¹ ï/ï

 è ä Species

01.06* 300**

02.06350

03.06800

04.061000

05.06 1875

06.061490

07.061615

08.06 2065

09.061415

10.06640

11.06 755

12.06850

1 Õîõëàòûé îñîåä (Pernis ptilorhynchus)

- - - - - - - 1/ 0.01

- - - -

2 ×åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans lineatus)

- - - 15/0.15

29/ 0.15

25/0.17

30/0.18

44/ 0.21

7/0.05

- - -

3 Ïîëåâîé ëóíü (Circus cyaneus)

- - - - 4/ 0.02

8/0.05

3/0.02

47/ 0.23

18/0.13

- - -

4 Áîëîòíûé ëóíü (Circus aeruginosus)

- - - - 5/ 0.03

2/0.01

1/0.01

1/ 0.01

- - - -

5 Òåòåðåâÿòíèê (Accipiter gentiles)

- - - - - - - 1/ 0.01

2/0.01

- - 1/0.01

6 Ïåðåïåëÿòíèê (Accipiter nisus)

- - - - 1/ 0.01

1/0.01

2/0.01

3/ 0.01

3/0.02

- - -

7 Çèìíÿê (Buteo lagopus)

12/ 0.40

8/0.22

6/0.08

11/0.11

5/ 0.03

- - - - 2/0.03

7/ 0.09

2/0.02

8 Ìîõíîíîãèé êóðãàííèê(Buteo hemilasius)

3/ 0.10

2/0.06

- 2/0.02

8/ 0.04

1/0.01

12/0.07

11/ 0.05

5/0.03

1/0.02

1/ 0.01

1/0.01

9 Êàíþê (Buteo buteo)

- - - 7/0.07

13/ 0.07

5/0.03

9/0.05

6/ 0.03

40/0.28

- - -

10 Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus)

- - - - - - - 3/ 0.01

- - - -

11 Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis)

- - - - - 1/0.01

- 2/ 0.01

- - - -

12 Áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga)

- - - - 1/ 0.01

- 1/0.01

4/ 0.02

1/0.01

- - -

13 Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca)

- - - - 1/ 0.01

4/0.02

3/0.02

2/ 0.01

4/0.03

- - -

14 Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos)

1/ 0.33

- - - - 1/0.01

- 1/ 0.01

- - - -

15 Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug)

- - - - 1/ 0.01

- 1/0.01

- 1/0.01

- - -

16 Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus)

- - - - - - - 1/ 0.01

- - - -

17 ×åãëîê (Falco subbuteo)

- - - - - 1/0.01

2/0.01

5/ 0.02

1/0.01

- - -

18 Äåðáíèê (Falco columbarius)

- - - 1/0.01

- - - 1/ 0.01

- - - 1/0.01

19 Ïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus)

- - 1/0.01

9/0.09

21/ 0.11

15/0.10

34/0.21

139/ 0.67

9/0.06

- - -

Âñåãî

Total

16/

0.53

10/

0.28

7/

0.09

45/

0.45

89/

0.47

64/

0.43

98/

0.61

271/

1.31

91/

0.64

3/

0.05

8/

0.10

5/

0.06

* – ìåñÿö 2006 ã. / month of 2006** – ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ìàðøðóòîâ, êì / length of routes, km

Òàáë. 1. ×èñëåííîñòü õèùíûõ ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàéîíîâ ÓÎÁÀÎ â 2006 ã.

Table 1. Numbers of birds of prey on the territories of forest-steppe regions of the Ust-Ordynsk autonomous district in 2006

Page 49: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 49

ëàõ 0,15 (ìàé – àïðåëü) – 0,21 (àâãóñò) îñî-áåé íà 10 êì ìàðøðóòà. Íåñêîëüêî ïîâû-øåíà ÷èñëåííîñòü â êîíöå àâãóñòà, íî ýòî,ñêîðåå âñåãî, ñâÿçàíî ñ ïîäë¸òîì ïòèö ññåâåðà.  ñåíòÿáðå ÷èñëåííîñòü ÷åðíîóõî-ãî êîðøóíà ðåçêî ïàäàåò. Íà ïîáåðåæüåÎáóñèíñêîãî çàëèâà 7 ñåíòÿáðÿ âñòðå÷å-íî 5 ÿâíî ïðîë¸òíûõ ïòèö. Åù¸ ïî îäíîéïòèöå âñòðå÷åíî 12 ñåíòÿáðÿ â îêðåñò-íîñòÿõ ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé è ÷åðåç äåíüâ îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Áàòõàé Ýõèðèò-Áó-ëàãàòñêîãî ðàéîíà.

Ïîëåâîé ëóíü (Circus cyaneus)

Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä. Ïåðâàÿâñòðå÷à â 2006 ã. îòìå÷åíà 31 ìàðòà â îê-ðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Õîìóòîâî (Èðêóòñêèé ðàé-îí). Íà òåððèòîðèè îêðóãà ïåðâûå âñòðå-÷è – 1 ìàÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Áàòõàé è 3ìàÿ â âåðõíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Êóäà ê þãó îòäåð. Áóõòóìóð (îáå âñòðå÷è â Ýõèðèò-Áó-ëàãàòñêîì ðàéîíå). Âñòðå÷è â îñíîâíîìïðèóðî÷åíû ê çàáîëî÷åííûì è âëàæíûìëóãàì â äîëèíàõ ðåê è ðó÷ü¸â è ê çàáðî-øåííûì ïîëÿì. ×èñëåííîñòü ïîëåâûõ ëó-íåé ðåçêî âîçðàñòàåò â àâãóñòå ïîñëå âû-ëåòà ìîëîäûõ ïòèö. Âûâîäêè ìû íàáëþäàëè4 àâãóñòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåðåâåíü Çàäû èÁóëóñà è â óðî÷èùå Øåðòîé ñåâåðíåå ñ.Íîâîíèêîëàåâñê (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàé-îí). Áîëåå âûñîêàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ïîëåâûõëóíåé îòìå÷åíà â Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêîì èÀëàðñêîì ðàéîíàõ. Íàìè âñòðå÷åíî äâàìîëîäûõ ïîëåâûõ ëóíÿ ïðîøëîãî ãîäà,ñî÷åòàþùèõ ýëåìåíòû îêðàñêè ñàìöà èñàìêè. Ê ñåðåäèíå ñåíòÿáðÿ îñíîâíàÿ÷àñòü ïîëåâûõ ëóíåé îòëåòàåò. Ïîñëåäíèåâñòðå÷è ïðèøëèñü íà 14 ñåíòÿáðÿ â äîëè-

íå ð. Èäà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Óêûð â Áî-õàíñêîì ðàéîíå è íà 15 ñåíòÿáðÿ â äîëè-íå ð. Ìóðèí â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Õàðàíóò(Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàéîí).

Áîëîòíûé ëóíü (Circus aeruginosus

aeruginosus, C. a. spilonotus)

Ðåäêèé âèä.  Àëàðñêîì ðàéîíå íàìèíàáëþäàëñÿ â òð¸õ ïóíêòàõ – 2 ñàìöà çà-ïàäíîãî ïîäâèäà (C. a. aeruginosus) 5 ìàÿ âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Íûãäà, 31 ìàÿ ñàìåö âî-ñòî÷íîãî ïîäâèäà (C. a. spilonotus) íà þãåîç. Àëÿòû è ñàìåö çàïàäíîãî ïîäâèäà íàïðóäó â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Çàáèòóé.  Ýõè-ðèò-Áóëàãàòñêîì ðàéîíå áîëîòíûõ ëóíåéçàïàäíîãî ïîäâèäà íàáëþäàëè: ñàìêó – 24ìàÿ, ñàìöîâ – 8 è 21 èþíÿ íà ïðóäó â îê-ðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûíñêîãî, 27 èþëÿâ äîëèíå ð. Èøèí-Ãîë ó îç. Îðäûíñêîãî èñàìêó – 21 àâãóñòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Íî-âîíèêîëàåâñêèé.

Òåòåðåâÿòíèê (Accipiter gentilis)

Çà ñåçîí 2006 ã. âñòðå÷åí âñåãî 4 ðàçà:29 àâãóñòà â äîëèíå ð. Óíãóðà â îêðåñòíî-ñòÿõ äåð. Øèòõóëóí (Áàÿíäàåâñêèé ðàéîí);7 ñåíòÿáðÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Íîâî-Ëå-íèíî (Îñèíñêèé ðàéîí) è 14 ñåíòÿáðÿ âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Áàòõàé (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàò-ñêèé ðàéîí). 15 äåêàáðÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõäåð. Øàðàãóí (Áîõàíñêèé ðàéîí) íàáëþ-äàëè òåòåðåâÿòíèêà, äîáûâøåãî áîðîäàòóþêóðîïàòêó.

Ïåðåïåëÿòíèê (Accipiter nisus)

 ãíåçäîâîå âðåìÿ âñòðå÷åí âñåãî 4 ðàçà:24 ìàÿ ê ñåâåðó îò äåð. Õàðàãóí è 7 èþëÿâ äîëèíå ð. Êàìåíêà ê þãó îò äåð. Íàãàëûê

¹ ï/ï

 è ä Species

01.06*300**

02.06350

03.06800

04.061000

05.061875

06.061490

07.061615

08.062065

09.061415

10.06640

11.06755

12.06850

1 Áåëàÿ ñîâà (Nyctea scandiaca)

- - 2/0.02

- - - - - - - - 3/0.03

2 Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo)

- - - - - - 2/0.01

1/0.01

- - - -

3 Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà (Asio otus)

- - - - - 1/0.01

- - - - - -

4 Áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà (Asio flammeus)

- - - - - - - - - - - 1/0.01

5 ßñòðåáèíàÿ ñîâà (Surnia ulula)

- - - 1/0.01

- - - - - - 1/0.01

2/0.02

6 Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix uralensis)

- - - - 1/0.01

- - - - - 1/0.01

2/0.02

Âñåãî

Total

- - 2/

0.02

1/

0.01

1/

0.01

1/

0/01

2/

0.01

1/

0.01

- - 2/

0.02

8/

0.09

* – ìåñÿö 2006 ã. / month of 2006** – ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ìàðøðóòîâ, êì / length of routes, km

Òàáë. 2. ×èñëåííîñòü ñîâ íà òåððèòîðèè ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàéîíîâ ÓÎÁÀÎ â 2006 ã.

Table 2. Numbers of owls on the territories of forest-steppe regions of the Ust-Ordynsk autonomous district in 2006

Page 50: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1050

â Áàÿíäàåâñêîì ðàéîíå, 6 èþíÿ â äîëèíåð. Èäà ê çàïàäó îò äåð. Òàï÷åãèð â Áîõàíñ-êîì ðàéîíå è 14 èþëÿ â äîëèíå ð. Èøèí-Ãîë ê ñåâåðî-âîñòîêó îò äåð. Áàÿíãàçóé. Íàîñåííåì ïðîë¸òå äâóõ ïåðåïåëÿòíèêîââñòðåòèëè 5 ñåíòÿáðÿ ê þãó îò ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé è 13 ñåíòÿáðÿ îäíîãî â îêðåñò-íîñòÿõ ïîñ. Ìîãî¸íîê â Àëàðñêîì ðàéîíå.

Çèìíÿê (Buteo lagopus)

Îáû÷íûé çèìóþùèé âèä, ñîñòàâëÿåò âñðåäíåì äî 80% îò îáùåãî ÷èñëà õèùíûõïòèö, âñòðå÷àþùèõñÿ â çèìíèé ïåðèîä. Âîñíîâíîì âñòðå÷àåòñÿ â ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ,íàèáîëüøàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áûëà îòìå÷åíà âäîëèíå ð. Êóäà îò ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé äîÊàïñàëüñêîé ãîðû – â îòäåëüíûå äíè â ÿí-âàðå âñòðå÷àëè äî 3–4 ïòèö íà 20-òè êììàðøðóòå. Âñòðå÷åí âî âñåõ ðàéîíàõ îê-ðóãà.  ìàðòå ÷èñëåííîñòü çèìíÿêà ïàäà-åò, ñêîðåå âñåãî, çà ñ÷¸ò îòë¸òà ÷àñòè îñî-áåé è èõ ðàññðåäîòî÷åíèÿ ïî òåððèòîðèè,â àïðåëå ñíîâà âîçðàñòàåò çà ñ÷¸ò ïîäë¸òàîñîáåé ñ þãà ðåãèîíà.  ìàå ÷èñëåííîñòüïàäàåò â ñâÿçè ñ îòë¸òîì íà ñåâåð, ïîñëå-äíèå âñòðå÷è â ìàå ýòîãî ãîäà ïðîèçîøëè11 ÷èñëà â äîëèíå ð. Êóäà îêîëî Êàïñàëüñ-êîé ãîðû è 15 ÷èñëà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð.Íîâîâîñêðåñåíêà â äîëèíå ð. Èäà â Áî-õàíñêîì ðàéîíå. Îñåíüþ 2006 ã. ïåðâàÿâñòðå÷à îòìå÷åíà 16 îêòÿáðÿ â Îñèíñêîìðàéîíå â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Óñòü-Àëòàí. Ñêîíöà îêòÿáðÿ ðåãóëÿðíî âñòðå÷àëñÿ íàáîëüøåé ÷àñòè ñòåïíûõ è ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàé-îíîâ. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî çèìîé 2006–2007 ãã., â ñâÿçè ñ íàñòóïèâøåé äåïðåññè-åé ÷èñëåííîñòè ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ,÷èñëåííîñòü çèìíÿêà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ çèì-íèì ñåçîíîì 2005–06 ãã. çíà÷èòåëüíî ñíè-çèëàñü. Íàïðèìåð, 16 äåêàáðÿ 2005 ã. íà

20-òè êì ìàðøðóòå îò ïîñ¸ëêà Óñòü-Îðäûí-ñêèé äî Êàïñàëüñêîé ãîðû áûëà âñòðå÷åíà21 õèùíàÿ ïòèöà – 17 çèìíÿêîâ è 4 ìîõ-íîíîãèõ êóðãàííèêîâ, à â àíàëîãè÷íûé ïå-ðèîä 2006 ã. íà ýòîì ìàðøðóòå âñòðå÷àëîñüíå áîëåå äâóõ-òð¸õ çèìíÿêîâ.

Ìîõíîíîãèé êóðãàííèê(Buteo hemilasius)

Îáû÷íûé îñ¸äëûé âèä.  2006 ã. íàìèîòìå÷àëñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè íà ïðîòÿæåíèèâñåãî ãîäà çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ìàðòà, íî, ñêî-ðåå âñåãî, ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ ìàëûì îáú¸ìîìðàáîò â ýòîì ìåñÿöå. Âñòðå÷àåòñÿ â îñíîâ-íîì â ñòåïíûõ è ëåñîñòåïíûõ ëàíäøàôòàõ.Òîêîâîé ïîë¸ò îòìå÷åí 22 ìàÿ â îêðåñò-íîñòÿõ îç. Îðäûíñêîå è 25 ìàÿ ñåâåðíååäåð. Øåðàãóë â Áîõàíñêîì ðàéîíå. Íå-ñêîëüêî ïàð îòìå÷åíî íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êàõ. Ãíåçäî, ðàñïîëîæåííîå íà ñîñíå íàñêëîíå þæíîé ýêñïîçèöèè, îáíàðóæåíî17 èþëÿ ê âîñòîêó îò äåð. Ñåðàôèìîâñê. ãíåçäå áûëî íå ìåíåå 2-õ îïåðèâøèõñÿïòåíöîâ. Ðîäèòåëÿìè îêàçàëèñü ïòèöû ñâåò-ëîé è ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû. Äâà ãíåçäà, îáíàðó-æåííûå â ïðîøëûå ãîäû, â 2006 ã. áûëèïóñòûå.  öåëîì ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ñðå-äè âñòðå÷åííûõ ìîõíîíîãèõ êóðãàííèêîâðåçêî ïðåîáëàäàþò ïòèöû ñâåòëîé ìîðôû,ïòèöû ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû âñòðå÷àþòñÿ åäèíè÷-íî è òîëüêî ëåòîì. ×èñëåííîñòü çèìóþùèõïòèö çàâèñèò îò êîëè÷åñòâà ãðûçóíîâ, ýòîâèäíî ïî êîëè÷åñòâó âñòðå÷ â çèìíèå ïå-ðèîäû 2005–2006 ãã. (â íà÷àëå çèìû âû-ñîêàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü è ñïàä â êîíöå çèìíåãîïåðèîäà) è 2006–2007 ãã. (äåïðåññèÿ ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè ãðûçóíîâ íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåð-ðèòîðèè îêðóãà). Ñïàä ÷èñëåííîñòè â èþíåñâÿçàí ñ òåì, ÷òî ïòèöû, ïðèñòóïèâ ê ãíåç-äîâàíèþ, âåëè ñêðûòûé îáðàç æèçíè, àïîâûøåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè â êîíöå èþëÿ èàâãóñòå – ñ âûëåòîì ìîëîäûõ ïòèö. ×àñòüïòèö ïîêèäàåò Ïðèàíãàðüå â ñåíòÿáðå,÷àñòü îñòàåòñÿ íà çèìîâêó.

Êàíþê (Buteo buteo)

Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä. Ïåðâàÿâñòðå÷à â 2006 ã. ïðîèçîøëà 12 àïðåëÿ âäîëèíå ð. Êàìåíêà â 5-òè êì ê þãó îò äåð.Ìóðîìöîâêà (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàéîí).Ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í â îêðóãå ïîâñåìåñòíî, íîñòàðàåòñÿ ïðèäåðæèâàòüñÿ êðóïíûõ ëåñíûõìàññèâîâ.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì êàíþê áîëåå îáû-÷åí â Áîõàíñêîì ðàéîíå è â çàïàäíîé ÷àñ-òè Àëàðñêîãî ðàéîíà. ×èñëåííîñòü â öå-ëîì ïî ñåçîíó îòíîñèòåëüíî ñòàáèëüíà ñîñïàäîì â èþíå (â ýòî âðåìÿ ïòèöû ñèäÿòíà ãí¸çäàõ) è ðåçêèì ïîäú¸ìîì â ñåíòÿá-ðå, êîãäà êàíþê âûõîäèò íà ïåðâîå ìåñòîïî âñòðå÷àåìîñòè ñðåäè õèùíûõ ïòèö. Íà

Êàíþê (Buteo buteo). Ôîòî Â. ÌàëååâàCommon Buzzard (Buteo buteo). Photo by V. Maleev

Page 51: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 51

íàø âçãëÿä, ýòîò ïîäú¸ì îáóñëîâëåí ìèã-ðèðóþùèìè ñ äðóãèõ ðåãèîíîâ ïòèöàìè.Ïèê ïðîë¸òà ïðèø¸ëñÿ íà êîíåö ïåðâîé –íà÷àëî âòîðîé äåêàäû ñåíòÿáðÿ, êîãäà âäåíü ìîæíî áûëî íàáëþäàòü äî 7–8 îñî-áåé. Âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå ñåíòÿáðÿ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ïîñòåïåííî ïàäàåò. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ âñòðå-÷à – 27 ñåíòÿáðÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð.Áàòõàé (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàéîí). Ñëå-äóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â 2005 ã. ïðè î÷åíü âû-ñîêîé ÷èñëåííîñòè ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâïîñëåäíÿÿ âñòðå÷à êàíþêà ïðèøëàñü íà 29îêòÿáðÿ íà ãîðå Áóëåí â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ.Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé.

Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus)

Âñòðå÷åí òðèæäû: 17 àâãóñòà íà ãîðåÁóëåí â 5 êì ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íåé ïîñ. Óñòü-

Îðäûíñêèé è äâå ïòèöû 29àâãóñòà â 5 è â 7 êì âîñòî÷íåéïîñ. Áàÿíäàé. Âñå âñòðå÷åííûåïòèöû áûëè ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû.

Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë(Aquila nipalensis)

Îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà âñòðå÷åíàíà ãîðå íà ëåâîì áåðåãó ð.Êóäà â 5 êì ñåâåðíåå ïîñ. Ãà-õàíû. Ïðè îáñëåäîâàíèèñêëîíîâ ãîðû ãíåçäà íàéòè íåóäàëîñü. Âòîðîé ðàç äâà îðëàâñòðå÷åíû 28 àâãóñòà â äîëè-íå ð. Ìóðèí â 2-õ êì ê çàïà-äó îò ïîñ. Àëóæèíî, ïòèöûëåòåëè âäîëü ñêëîíà íà íå-áîëüøîé âûñîòå.

Áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê(Aquila clanga)

Ïåðâàÿ âñòðå÷à – 19 àïðåëÿ â äîëèíå ð.Áàëåé â Èðêóòñêîì ðàéîíå. 15 ìàÿ âñòðå-÷åí â Áîõàíñêîì ðàéîíå â äîëèíå ð. Èäà âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Íîâîâîñêðåñåíñê. Ñè-äÿùåãî íà ñòîëáå ïîäîðëèêà íàáëþäàëè 27èþëÿ íà Êà÷óãñêîì òðàêòå îêîëî ñâîðîòàíà ïîñ. Áàçîé â 5 êì îò ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûíñ-êèé. Ìåæäó íàñåë¸ííûìè ïóíêòàìè Íûãäàè Àëàðü â Àëàðñêîì ðàéîíå áîëüøîãî ïî-äîðëèêà íàáëþäàëè äâàæäû – 16 àâãóñòà 3ïòèöû è îäíà 24 àâãóñòà.  Áàÿíäàåâñêîìðàéîíå âñòðå÷åí 24 ñåíòÿáðÿ íà Êà÷óãñ-êîì òðàêòå â äîëèíå ð. Êàìåíêà.

Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca)

Íàèáîëåå îáû÷íûé âèä èç îðëîâ. Çà ïðå-äåëàìè îêðóãà 30 ìàÿ âñòðå÷åíà ïàðà âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Áàëóõàðü ×åðåìõîâñêî-ãî ðàéîíà. Ïåðâàÿ âñòðå÷à â îêðóãå ïðî-èçîøëà 11 ìàÿ â Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêîì ðàé-îíå â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Ñòàðûé Îëîé, òàì

æå îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà áûëà âñòðå÷åíà 7èþëÿ. Òàêæå ìîãèëüíèêà íàáëþäàëè 1 èþíÿíà ïðóäó â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûí-ñêèé è íà Êà÷óãñêîì òðàêòå, 21 àâãóñòà íàñâîðîòå íà ïîñ. Áàçîé è 15 ñåíòÿáðÿ íàñâîðîòå â äåð. Çàäû.  Áàÿíäàåâñêîì ðàé-îíå âñòðå÷åí äâàæäû – 22 èþíÿ â äîëèíåð. Óíãóðà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Êàéçåðàí è29 àâãóñòà ìåæäó ïîñåëêàìè Øàìàíêà èÁàÿíäàé.  Áîõàíñêîì ðàéîíå ìîãèëüíèêàíàáëþäàëè 29 èþíÿ â ïîñ. Íîâàÿ Èäà. ÂÎñèíñêîì ðàéîíå ýòîò îð¸ë âñòðå÷åí 7àâãóñòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ¸ëêîâ Íîâî-Ëå-íèíî è Ïðèìîðñêèé ïî ðàçíûì áåðåãàìÎáóñèíñêîãî çàëèâà. Íà òåððèòîðèè Íó-êóòñêîãî ðàéîíà îòìå÷åí 14 èþíÿ â îêðå-ñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Âîðîò-Îíãîé è 12 èþëÿ âÆåðáàíîâñêîé ïàäè ñåâåðíåå ñ. Ïåðâî-ìàéñêîå.  Àëàðñêîì ðàéîíå ìîãèëüíèêâñòðå÷åí 5 èþëÿ â äîëèíå ð. Êàìåíêà êþãî-çàïàäó îò ñ. Àïõóëüòà è 13 ñåíòÿáðÿìåæäó íàñåë¸ííûìè ïóíêòàìè Èäåàë èÊóéòà.

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos)

Íà 65 êì Êà÷óãñêîãî òðàêòà îäèíî÷íûéîð¸ë âñòðå÷åí 15 ÿíâàðÿ. Îäíó ïòèöó íà-áëþäàëè 22 èþíÿ â äîëèíå ð. Óíãóðà ìåæ-äó äåðåâíÿìè Äóõîâùèíà è Êàéçåðàí (Áà-ÿíäàåâñêèé ðàéîí), à 23 àâãóñòà áåðêóòâñòðå÷åí â 5 êì âîñòî÷íåå ïîñ. Óñòü-Îð-äûíñêèé. Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà áûëî îáíàðóæå-íî â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ áûâøåãî ïîñ¸ëêà Äàíè-ëîâñêîå (Áàÿíäàåâñêèé ðàéîí). Ãíåçäîáûëî ðàñïîëîæåíî íà ñòàðîé ëèñòâåííè-öå íà âûñîòå 10 ì íà çàðàñòàþùåé ãàðè. Âñåðåäèíå èþíÿ â ãíåçäå íàõîäèëîñü 2 ïòåí-öà. Ðÿäîì â 150 ì òàêæå íà ñòàðîé ëèñòâåí-íèöå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî âòîðîå íåæèëîåãíåçäî.

Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug)

Çà ñåçîí âñòðå÷åí âñåãî 3 ðàçà, íî ñëå-äóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî îñíîâíûå ìåñòà åãî îáè-òàíèÿ â Íóêóòñêîì ðàéîíå ìû ïîñåùàëèâñåãî îäèí ðàç è ñïåöèàëüíûõ ðàáîò ïîïîèñêó ãí¸çä íå âåëè.  Àëàðñêîì ðàéîíåáàëîáàíà íàáëþäàëè 31 ìàÿ íà ïðóäó âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Çàáèòóé.  Íóêóòñêîìðàéîíå áàëîáàí áûë âñòðå÷åí 12 èþëÿ âäîëèíå ð. Óíãà ñåâåðíåå ãîðû Õàøêàé âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Íîâîíóêóòñêèé. Åù¸îäíó ïòèöó äâàæäû â òå÷åíèå äíÿ íàáëþ-äàëè 7 ñåíòÿáðÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Íîâî-Ëåíèíî â Îñèíñêîì ðàéîíå íà ïîáåðåæüåÎáóñèíñêîãî çàëèâà.

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus)

Ðàçîð¸ííîå ãíåçäî ñàïñàíà íàéäåíî 7èþëÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Íàãàëûê Áàÿí-

Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetuspennatus). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿ-êèíà

Booted Eagle (Hieraaetuspennatus). Photo by I.Karyakin

Page 52: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1052

äàåâñêîãî ðàéîíà.  ãíåçäå, ðàñïîëîæåí-íîì â ñêàëüíîé íèøå, íàéäåíû ïîãàäêèïòåíöîâ è âçðîñëûõ ïòèö, îñòàòêè ïèùè. Ïîâñåé âèäèìîñòè, ãíåçäî áûëî ðàçîðåíî âêîíöå èþíÿ. Âçðîñëûõ ïòèö ðÿäîì ñ ãíåç-äîì îáíàðóæåíî íå áûëî. Ïðîë¸òíûé ñàï-ñàí áûë âñòðå÷åí 28 àâãóñòà â äîëèíå ð.Ìóðèí â 3-õ êì çàïàäíåå ïîñ. Àëóæèíî(Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàéîí). Íà ñèäÿùåãîíà ïíå ñàïñàíà íàïàäàëè ïóñòåëüãà è ïîëå-âîé ëóíü.

×åãëîê (Falco subbuteo)

 2006 ã. ÷åãëîê îêàçàëñÿ ðåäêèì âèäîì,çà ñåçîí âñòðå÷åí âñåãî 8 ðàç. Ïåðâàÿâñòðå÷à – 6 èþíÿ â ïîñ. Àëåêñàíäðîâñêèéâ Áîõàíñêîì ðàéîíå.  Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñ-êîì ðàéîíå âñòðå÷åí 14 èþëÿ íà îç. Îð-

äûíñêîå, 17 èþëÿ â 4-õ êìâîñòî÷íåå äåð. Ñåðàôèìîâñêâ ëåñó íà ñêëîíå ãîðû è 21àâãóñòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Íî-âîíèêîëàåâñê.  Àëàðñêîìðàéîíå ïàðó íàáëþäàëè 8 àâ-ãóñòà ñåâåðíåå ïîñ. Áàõòàé âîäíîèìåííîé ïàäè è ïî îäíîéïòèöå 16 àâãóñòà ìåæäó äå-ðåâíÿìè Êèðêåé è Êóðêóò è21 àâãóñòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð.Íàðåíû â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Êà-ìåíêà. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ âñòðå÷à – 7ñåíòÿáðÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ.Íîâî-Ëåíèíî â Îñèíñêîìðàéîíå.  ïðîøëûå ñåçîíû÷åãëîê áûë îäíèì èç îáû÷íûõâèäîâ ëåñîñòåïè.

Äåðáíèê(Falco columbarius)

Âñòðå÷åí çà ñåçîí âñåãî 4 ðàçà. Ïåðâî-ãî äåðáíèêà íàáëþäàëè íà îç. Îðäûíñêîå(Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàéîí) 24 àïðåëÿ.Ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èíòåðåñ âñòðå÷à ñàìêè äåð-áíèêà â ãíåçäîâîå âðåìÿ 11 èþëÿ â 5-òèêì ê þãó îò ïîñ. Çàëàðè (Çàëàðèíñêèé ðàé-îí Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè), ýòà âñòðå÷à ãîâî-ðèò î âîçìîæíîñòè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ýòîãî âèäàâ ëåñîñòåïè. Ñàìåö âñòðå÷åí 30 àâãóñòà íàñâÿùåííîé ãîðå â 1 êì ê âîñòîêó îò äåð.Áàéòîã. Ñàìêà âñòðå÷åíà 12 äåêàáðÿ â îê-ðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Îëîé (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèéðàéîí).

Ïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus)

Íàèáîëåå îáû÷íûé è øèðîêî ðàñïðîñò-ðàí¸ííûé âèä õèùíûõ ïòèö èññëåäóåìîãîðàéîíà. Ïåðâàÿ âñòðå÷à â 2006 ã. ïðîèçîø-ëà 21 ìàðòà íà îêðàèíå ïîñ. Îñà. Ñ íåêî-òîðîé íàòÿæêîé ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü, ÷òî ýòàïòèöà áûëà çèìóþùàÿ, òàê êàê ñëåäóþùèé

ðàç ïóñòåëüãó óäàëîñü íàáëþäàòü òîëüêî 12àïðåëÿ – ñàìöà â äåð. Íóõóíóð (Áàÿíäàåâ-ñêèé ðàéîí) è ñàìêó ìåæäó íàñåë¸ííûìèïóíêòàìè Ìóðîìöîâêà è Íîâîíèêîëàåâñê(Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàéîí). Íà÷èíàÿ ñîâòîðîé ïîëîâèíû àïðåëÿ, ïóñòåëüãà âñòðå-÷àåòñÿ ðåãóëÿðíî, çàíèìàÿ ïî ÷èñëåííîñ-òè â ìàå, èþíå è ñåíòÿáðå âòîðîå ìåñòî, àâ èþëå è àâãóñòå – ïåðâîå ñðåäè õèùíûõïòèö. Ãíåçäî ñ êëàäêîé 6 ÿèö íàéäåíî 30ìàÿ â Áàõòàéñêîé ïàäè çàïàäíåå ïîñ. Àí-ãàðñêèé (Àëàðñêèé ðàéîí). Ãíåçäî ðàñïî-ëàãàëîñü â ñòàðîì ñîðî÷üåì ãíåçäå íà áå-ð¸çå íà âûñîòå 4 ì. Âòîðîå ãíåçäîîáíàðóæåíî 8 èþíÿ íà ãîðå Áóëåí â îê-ðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé. Ãíåçäîðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ñîñíå â ñòàðîì ñîðî÷ü-åì ãíåçäå íà âûñîòå 8 ì íà ñêëîíå, îáðà-ùåííîì ê ð. Êóäà. Ñàìêà ñèäåëà íà ãíåçäå.Âûâîäêè ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíåèþëÿ. 21 èþëÿ â íèçîâüÿõ ð. Èäà (Áîõàíñ-êèé ðàéîí) áûëî âñòðå÷åíî äâà ïëîõî ëå-òàþùèõ ñë¸òêà.  íà÷àëå àâãóñòà íà îòäåëü-íûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ïóñòåëüãà äîñòèãàåò âûñîêîé÷èñëåííîñòè (â ñðåäíåì, â àâãóñòå 0,67 îñ.íà 10 êì).  Àëàðñêîì ðàéîíå â îêðåñòíî-ñòÿõ ñ. Õàäàõàí 9 àâãóñòà ïðèìåðíî íà 10êì ìû íàñ÷èòàëè 15 ïòèö, ÷àñòü èç êîòî-ðûõ áûëè ìîëîäûìè. Íà ìàðøðóòå ìåæäóíàñåë¸ííûìè ïóíêòàìè Ãàõàíû è Áàéòîã âÝõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêîì ðàéîíå 21 àâãóñòàíàìè âñòðå÷åíî 25 îñîáåé, â òîì ÷èñëå 2âûâîäêà ïî 5 ïòåíöîâ. ×åðåç äåíü â Áàÿí-äàåâñêîì ðàéîíå âñòðå÷åíî â îáùåé ñëîæ-íîñòè 25 ïòèö ýòîãî âèäà.  Àëàðñêîì ðàé-îíå ìåæäó ñ¸ëàìè Íûãäà è Àëàðü áûëîâñòðå÷åíî 16 îñîáåé, â ÷èñëå êîòîðûõâûâîäîê èç 7 ïòèö. Îòë¸ò íà÷èíàåòñÿ â ïîñ-ëåäíèå äíè àâãóñòà, â ñåíòÿáðå ÷èñëåííîñòüïóñòåëüãè ðåçêî ïàäàåò. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ âñòðå-÷à ïóñòåëüãè â ýòîì ãîäó – 12 ñåíòÿáðÿ âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Îëîé (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèéðàéîí).

Áåëàÿ ñîâà (Nyctea scandiaca)

Íàìè áûëà âñòðå÷åíà 14 ìàðòà 2006 ã. â5 êì ê çàïàäó îò ïîñ. Óñòü-Îðäûíñêèé, èîäíà ìîëîäàÿ ïòèöà 12 è 27 äåêàáðÿ íàó÷àñòêå âîñòî÷íåå Êàïñàëüñêîé ãîðû. Êðî-ìå ýòîãî, áåëûõ ñîâ íàáëþäàëè 20 ìàðòà âóðî÷èùå Äàíèëîâñêîì, 25 ìàðòà â îêðåñ-òíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Áàÿíäàé (Áàÿíäàåâñêèé ðàé-îí) è 20 ìàðòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Áóëàê(Áîõàíñêèé ðàéîí).

Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo)

Âñòðå÷åí íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ñ ãí¸ç-äàìè ýòîãî ãîäà íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ14 èþëÿ â äîëèíå ð. Èøèí-Ãîë â îêðåñòíî-ñòÿõ äåð. Áàÿíãàçóé è 17 èþëÿ â îêðåñòíî-

Áåëàÿ ñîâà (Nyctea scan-diaca). Ôîòî Â. Ìàëååâà

Snow Owl (Nyctea scan-diaca) . Photo by V.Maleev

Page 53: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 53

Áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà (Asio flammeus)

Âñòðå÷åíà òîëüêî îäèí ðàç – 20 äåêàáðÿâ îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Òûðãåòóé Àëàðñêîãîðàéîíà.

ßñòðåáèíàÿ ñîâà (Surnia ulula)

Âåñíîé âñòðå÷åíà 2 ðàçà – 9 àïðåëÿ âóðî÷èùå Äàíèëîâñêîå (Áàÿíäàåâñêèé ðàé-îí) è 14 àïðåëÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Ìó-ðîìöîâêà (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàéîí). Âçèìíåå âðåìÿ ÿñòðåáèíóþ ñîâó íàáëþäà-ëè 28 íîÿáðÿ â ñòåïè íà ñòîëáå ñåâåðíååïîñ. Áàçîé (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêèé ðàéîí), 12äåêàáðÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Áàÿíäàé è 20äåêàáðÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Àïõóëüòà (Àëàð-ñêèé ðàéîí).

Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü(Strix uralensis)

Ãíåçäî íàéäåíî 25 ìàÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõïîñ. Êàçà÷èé â Áîõàíñêîì ðàéîíå. Ãíåçäîðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ñòàðîì ãíåçäå âîðîíû íàáåð¸çå íà âûñîòå 8 ì. Ñàìêà ñèäåëà íàãíåçäå. Âòîðîé ðàç âñòðå÷åíà 16 íîÿáðÿ âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Ãðåõíåâêà (Áîõàíñêèéðàéîí). 12 äåêàáðÿ íåÿñûòü íàáëþäàëè âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Ðåâÿêèíî Èðêóòñêîãîðàéîíà. 15 äåêàáðÿ âñòðå÷åíà â îêðåñò-íîñòÿõ ïîñ. Áóðåòü â Áîõàíñêîì ðàéîíå.

Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ñåçîí 2006 ã. õà-ðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ äåïðåññèåé ÷èñëåííîñòèìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, ÷òî íå ìîãëî íåñêàçàòüñÿ íà ÷èñëåííîñòè õèùíûõ ïòèö,îñîáåííî âèäîâ, îñíîâó ïèòàíèÿ êîòîðûõñîñòàâëÿþò ãðûçóíû. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ÷èñëåí-íîñòü õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâ íà òåððèòîðèèÓñòü-Îðäûíñêîãî Áóðÿòñêîãî àâòîíîìíîãîîêðóãà çíà÷èòåëüíî âûøå, ÷åì íà ïðèëå-ãàþùèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè.Îò÷àñòè ýòî ìîæíî îáúÿñíèòü òðàäèöèîí-íî áåðåæíûì îòíîøåíèåì áóðÿòñêîãî íà-ñåëåíèÿ ê õèùíûì ïòèöàì.

Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix uralensis). Ôîòî Â. Ìàëååâà

Ural Owl (Strix uralensis). Photo by V. Maleev

ßñòðåáèíàÿ ñîâà (Surnia ulula). Ôîòî Â. Ìàëååâà

Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula). Photo by V. Maleev

ñòÿõ äåð. Ñåðàôèìîâñê (Ýõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñ-êèé ðàéîí). Êðîìå ýòîãî, ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñ-òêè ñ ïîêèíóòûìè ãí¸çäàìè ýòîãî ãîäà íàé-äåíû â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ äåð. Íàãàëûê(Áàÿíäàåâñêèé ðàéîí) è â äîëèíå ð. Êàìåí-êà (Àëàðñêèé ðàéîí). Îäèíî÷íûé ôèëèíâñòðå÷åí 23 àâãóñòà â ñìåøàííîì ëåñó íàáåðåãó íåáîëüøîãî îçåðêà â èñòîêàõ ð.Ìóðèí (Áàÿíäàåâñêèé ðàéîí).

Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà (Asio otus)

 Àëàðñêîì ðàéîíå â Áàõòàé-ñêîé ïàäè ê çàïàäó îò ïîñ. Àí-ãàðñêèé â êîëîíèè ãðà÷åé 30ìàÿ áûëî íàéäåíî ãíåçäî, êî-òîðîå ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ñòàðîìãíåçäå ãðà÷à íà èâå íà âûñîòå5 ì. Ïðè ïðèáëèæåíèè ñîâàâûëåòåëà èç ãíåçäà. 2 èþíÿ óøà-ñòàÿ ñîâà âñòðå÷åíà â äîëèíå ð.Êóäà, ñåâåðíåå äåð. Áàéòîã âÝõèðèò-Áóëàãàòñêîì ðàéîíå.

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo). Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

Juvenile Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). Photo by E. Nikolenko

Page 54: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1054

Êîíòàêò:

Ýëüâèðà ÍèêîëåíêîÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñêà/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ: +7 (383)339 78 [email protected]

Contact:

Elvira NikolenkoNGO SiberianEnvironmental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax: +7 (383)339 78 [email protected]

Äàííàÿ ñòàòüÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåçóëüòàòîì íå-ñêîëüêèõ ýêñêóðñèé ïî ëåñíûì óãîäüÿìÐûáíî-Ñëîáîäñêîãî è Ìàìàäûøñêîãî ðàé-îíîâ ðåñïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí â 2006–07 ãã.(â èþëå 2006 ã., â íîÿáðå 2006 ã. è âî âòî-ðîé ïîëîâèíå èþíÿ 2007 ã). Îáùàÿ ïðî-òÿæ¸ííîñòü ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëàîêîëî 60 êì.

Òåððèòîðèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé îãðàíè÷åíàëåñíûì ìàññèâîì, ðàñïîëîæåííûì íà ïî-áåðåæüå Êóéáûøåâñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùàñåâåðíåå ã. ×èñòîïîëü. Íà äàííîé òåððè-òîðèè îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ àêòèâíîå ëåñîïîëü-çîâàíèå, êàê ìèíèìóì, ñ íà÷àëà ïðîøëîãîâåêà. Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ìàññèâà – âòîðè÷íûéëåñ, âûðîñøèé íà ìåñòå ðóáîê, ïðåäñòàâ-ëåííûé ëèñòâåííûìè ïîðîäàìè (áåð¸çà,äóá, êë¸í, îñèíà, ëèïà) ñ ðåäêèìè ìàÿ÷íû-ìè ñîñíàìè 150–250-òè ëåòíåãî âîçðàñòà.Ñðåäè âòîðè÷íîãî ëèñòâåííîãî ëåñà èìå-

This paper is the result of several excursionsthrough the forests of Rybno-Slobodskoy andMamadysh regions of the Republic of Tatar-stan in 2006–07. The total length of pedes-trian routes was about 60 km. Three typesof inhabitant places of raptors were recog-nized in the surveyed forest: forest along theside of reservoir, the edge of forest and nofragmented disturbed forest. Found nestsand observed birds are in fig. 1.

We found 4 breeding territories of theBlack Kite (Milvus migrans), nests werefound only in 3 (fig. 1, points 5–7) in theforest along the side of reservoir. Also wenoted here the nest of the Booted Eagle(Hieraaetus pennatus) with 2 fledglings; 2breeding territories of the White-Tailed Ea-gle (Haliaeetus albicilla) with 3 nests (fig. 1,points 1–3), the breeding were noted inboth territories in 2006 and 2007; emptybut occupied nests of the Common Buzzard(Buteo buteo) (fig. 1/4).

We noted an old nest of the Imperial Ea-gle (Aquila heliaca) and observed the adultin the edge of forest (fig. 1/10–11). Alsowe found a nest of the Honey Buzzard(Pernis apivorus) with chicks (fig. 1/12).

Despite of the high level of human distur-bance the forest between Shumbut and Ber-sut rivers is the important inhabitant placefor different species of raptors. The coastalzone of the Kuibyshevskoe reservoir and theedges of the forest surrounded by fields andpastures that inhabited by rare raptors suchas the White Tailed Eagle and the ImperialEagle have the special significance.

Short�Reports

КРАТКИЕ� СООБЩЕНИЯ

Birds�of�Prey�of�Forests�Between�the�Shumbut�and�the�Bersut

Rivers,�Tatarstan�Republic,�Russia

ХИЩНЫЕ�ПТИЦЫ�ЛЕСНЫХ�УГОДИЙ�МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ�РЕК�ШУМБУТИ�БЕРСУТ,�ТАТАРСТАН,�РОССИЯ

Nikolenko�E.G.�(Siberian�Environmental�Center,�Novosibirsk,�Russia)

Ни�олен�о�Э.Г.�(МБОО�«Сибирс�ий�э�оло�ичес�ий�центр»,�Новосибирс�,�Россия)

Ðèñ. 1. Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè è ìåñòà âñòðå÷ õèùíûõ ïòèö

Fig. 1. Breeding territories and registration places ofbirds of prey

Page 55: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 55

þòñÿ ïîñàäêè ñîñíû è åëè äî 50 ëåò. Ñòà-ðîâîçðàñòíûå ñîñíû ñîõðàíèëèñü ëèøü ââîäîîõðàííîé çîíå âîäîõðàíèëèùà è â íå-êîòîðûõ ïîéìàõ ðó÷ü¸â, ãäå ãëóáèíà ðàñ-ïàäêîâ çàòðóäíÿëà èõ âûðóáêó. Òàêèì îá-ðàçîì, â ïëàíå ìåñòîîáèòàíèé õèùíûõïòèö â äàííîì ëåñíîì ìàññèâå ìîæíî âû-äåëèòü 3 çîíû: óçêóþ ïðèáðåæíóþ, îïó-øå÷íóþ (îáðàù¸ííóþ ê ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííûì ïîëÿì) è ñïëîøíûå ìàññèâûâòîðè÷íîãî ëåñà, ðàçäåë¸ííûå êâàðòàëüíû-ìè ïðîñåêàìè.

Ïîçæå, 24 èþëÿ â 1 êì îò ìåñòà íàáëþäå-íèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ñòàðîåãíåçäî (ðèñ. 1/11). Ïîñòðîéêà ðàñïîëàãà-ëàñü íà âåðøèíå ñòàðîé ìàÿ÷íîé ñîñíû,íà ñåâåðíîé îïóøêå òîãî æå ñòàðîâîçðàñ-òíîãî ìàññèâà ó çàáðîøåííîãî è ïîëíîñ-òüþ ðàçðóøåííîãî ëàãåðÿ ñêîòà. Ñîêðàùå-íèå âûïàñà ïðèâåëî ê çàðàñòàíèþ ïàñòáèù,è îðëû ëèáî íå ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ, ëèáî ïîñò-ðîèëè íîâîå ãíåçäî, êîòîðîå îáíàðóæèòüíå óäàëîñü.

Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla)

 âîäîîõðàííîé çîíå âîäîõðàíèëèùàíàéäåíî 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà îðëàíîâ, ñî-âïàäàþùèõ ïî ìåñòîïîëîæåíèþ ñ ó÷àñò-êàìè, âûÿâëåííûìè â 1992 ã. (È.Â. Êàðÿ-êèí, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå).  èþëå 2006 ã.íà îáîèõ ó÷àñòêàõ âñòðå÷åíû âçðîñëûåïòèöû, à â íîÿáðå – íàéäåíû ãí¸çäà.

Íà çàïàäíîì ó÷àñòêå îáíàðóæåíî äâåìíîãîëåòíèå ïîñòðîéêè îäíîé ïàðû íàðàññòîÿíèè 370 ì äðóã îò äðóãà. Îáå ðàñ-ïîëàãàþòñÿ íà âåðõóøêàõ ìàÿ÷íûõ ñîñåíîêîëî 250- è 300-ëåòíåãî âîçðàñòà (ðèñ.1/1–2).  2006 è 2007 ãã. ðàçìíîæåíèåáûëî çàôèêñèðîâàíî â ïîñòðîéêå íà áî-ëåå ìîëîäîé ñîñíå.

Íà âîñòî÷íîì ó÷àñòêå ãíåçäî òàêæå ðàñ-ïîëàãàëîñü íà âåðøèíå ìàÿ÷íîé ñîñíû íàâûñîòå 30 ì.  ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä ýòî ãíåç-

׸ðíûé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans)

 ïðèáðåæíîé çîíå âîäîõðàíèëèùà îá-íàðóæåíî 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà, íà òð¸õ èçêîòîðûõ íàéäåíû ãí¸çäà (ðèñ. 1, òî÷êè 5–7). Âñå ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü ó ñàìîé êðîì-êè êîðåííîãî áåðåãà, â 50–80 ì îò âîäû.Íà îäíîì ó÷àñòêå â 50 ì îò æèëîãî ãíåçäàíàéäåíà ñòàðàÿ ïîñòðîéêà. Íà ìîìåíò îá-ñëåäîâàíèÿ 22.07.2006 ã. ñë¸òêè óæå ïî-êèíóëè ãí¸çäà è íàáëþäàëèñü ïîáëèçîñòè.Ïðè ïðèáëèæåíèè ê ãíåçäó âçðîñëûå ïòè-öû, êàê ïðàâèëî, àêòèâíî áåñïîêîèëèñü.Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìè ãí¸çäàìè êîð-øóíîâ ñîñòàâèëî â ñðåäíåì 650 ì (n=3).

Áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî êîðøóíîâ íàáëþäà-ëîñü íàä âîäîõðàíèëèùåì è â èþëå 2006 ã.,è â èþíå 2007 ã. Òàêæå 2–3 äåñÿòêà êîð-øóíîâ ðåãóëÿðíî êðóæèëè âìåñòå ñ âîðî-íàìè íàä àâòîòðàññîé ó äåð. Óðìàí÷ååâîâáëèçè çâåðîñîâõîçà, â 7 êì îò âîäîõðà-íèëèùà.

Îð¸ë-ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca)

Âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà íàáëþäàëàñü 20.07.2006 ã.íà îïóøêå íåáîëüøîãî ñòàðîâîçðàñòíîãîáîðà ó äåð. Øóìáóò (ðèñ. 1/10). Ïòèöàñèäåëà â êðàéíåì ðÿäó äåðåâüåâ è áûëàõîðîøî âèäíà ñ äîðîãè. Ïðè ïðèáëèæå-íèè îð¸ë ïåðåëåòåë âäîëü îïóøêè âãëóáüìàññèâà, äàâ ñåáÿ õîðîøî ðàññìîòðåòü.

Ïðèáðåæíàÿ çîíà Êóé-áûøåâñêîãî âîäîõðàíè-ëèùà ñî ñòàðîâîçðàñòíû-ìè ñîñíàìè. Ôîòî Ý.Íèêîëåíêî

Coastal zone of the Kuiby-shevskoe reservoir:mixed forest with oldpine trees. Photo by E.Nikolenko

Ñòàðîå ãíåçäî ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) íà îïóøêåíàä ðàçâàëèíàìè ëàãåðÿ ñêîòà, òî÷êà 11. Ôîòî Ý. Íè-êîëåíêî

Old nest of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) at theedge near ruins of a cattle camp, point 11. Photo by E.Nikolenko

Page 56: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1056

äî íå ïðîâåðÿëîñü, îäíàêîâáëèçè íåãî è â 2006, è â2007 ãã. íàä âîäîõðàíèëèùåìíàáëþäàëèñü âçðîñëûå îðëà-íû (ðèñ. 1/3).

Èíòåðåñíî îòìåòèòü, ÷òîâñå 3 ãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íàìàÿ÷íûõ ñîñíàõ, ðàñòóùèõ íàáîðòó íåáîëüøèõ ðàñïàäêîâ,ó äàëüíåãî êðàÿ âîäîîõðàí-íîé çîíû, íåòðîíóòîé ðóáêà-ìè. Èõ óäàëåíèå îò áåðåãà ñî-ñòàâèëî 160, 200 è 280 ì.

Îñîåä (Pernis apivorus)

Ãíåçäî îñîåäà ñ äâóìÿ îïå-ðÿþùèìèñÿ ïòåíöàìè íàéäå-

íî â ñåâåðíî-çàïàäíîé ïðèîïóøå÷íîé ÷à-ñòè ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà âáëèçè äåð. Øóìáóò24.07.2006 ã. (ðèñ. 1/12). Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãà-ëîñü â 300 ì îò êðîìêè ëåñà, íà äîñòàòî÷íîìîëîäîé ñîñíå ñðåäè ëèñòâåííûõ ïîðîä,îáðàçóþùèõ ñïëîøíîé ïîëîã. Ïîñëå îñìîò-ðà ãíåçäà íàä áëèæàéøèì ïîëåì áûëèâñòðå÷åíû ñàìåö è ñàìêà ñ ýòîãî ãíåçäà.

Îäèíî÷íûé îñîåä íàáëþäàëñÿ 25.06.2007 ã.íàä âîñòî÷íîé îïóøêîé òîãî æå ëåñíîãîìàññèâà, îáðàù¸ííîé ê ð. Áåðñóò, â 4-õêì îò èçâåñòíîãî ãíåçäà. Ïòèöà êðóæèëàâûñîêî íàä ëåñîì, ñêîðåå âñåãî, íàä ñâî-èì ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêîì (ðèñ. 1/13).

Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus)

Ãíåçäî îðëà-êàðëèêà áûëî îáíàðóæåíîâ ïðèáðåæíîé çîíå âîäîõðàíèëèùà22.07.2006 ã. (Íèêîëåíêî, Áåêìàíñóðîâ,2006).  ãíåçäå íàõîäèëèñü 2 ïðàêòè÷åñêèïîëíîñòüþ îïåðåííûõ ïòåíöà. Ìíîãîëåòíÿÿïîñòðîéêà ðàñïîëàãàëàñü íà ñòàðîé áåð¸çåñðåäè ïëîòíûõ çàðîñëåé ëèïû. Ãíåçäî óäà-ëîñü îáíàðóæèòü òîëüêî ïî ïèñêó ïòåíöîâ.

Íàäî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ãíåçäî îðëà-êàðëèêàðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ðÿäó 4-õ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-

êîâ êîðøóíà, â 500-õ ìåòðàõ îò áëèæàé-øèõ ãí¸çä. Îäíàêî, â îòëè÷èå îò ïîñòðîåêêîðøóíà, êîòîðûå äîñòàòî÷íî ëåãêî îáíà-ðóæèâàëèñü, ãíåçäî êàðëèêà áûëî çíà÷è-òåëüíî ìåíåå çàìåòíî è ðàñïîëàãàëîñüäàëüøå îò áåðåãà (ðèñ. 1/9).

Êàíþê (Buteo buteo)

Ãíåçäî, ïîñåùàåìîå êàíþêîì, íàéäåíîâ ïðèáðåæíîé ÷àñòè ëåñà 13.11.2006 ã.(ðèñ. 1/4). Ïîñòðîéêà ðàñïîëàãàëàñü íàëèïå â ïëîòíîì ëèïîâîì ëåñó íà êðàþ íå-áîëüøîãî ëîãà.  èþíå 2007 ã. ãíåçäî îêà-çàëîñü ïóñòûì, íî àáîíèðóåìî ïòèöàìè –òóò áûëî íàéäåíî ïåðî êàíþêà è ñâåæàÿâåòî÷êà ëèñòâåííèöû.

Îäèíî÷íûå êàíþêè íàáëþäàëèñü20.07.2006 ã. íà îïóøêå ñòàðîâîçðàñòíî-ãî ó÷àñòêà áîðà ó äåð. Øóìáóò (ðèñ. 1/14)è 24.06.2007 ã. íà âîñòî÷íîé îïóøêå ëåñ-íîãî ìàññèâà, îáðàùåííîãî ê ð. Áåðñóò(ðèñ. 1/15).

Ãíåçäî îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñ-òà (Haliaeetus albicilla),òî÷êà 3. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêî-ëåíêî

Nest of the White-TailedEagle (Haliaeetus albicil-

la), point 3. Photo by E.Nikolenko

Ïòåíöû îñîåäà (Pernis

apivorus) â ãíåçäå, òî÷êà12. 24.07.2006. Ôîòî Ý.Íèêîëåíêî

Chicks of the Honey Buz-zard (Pernis apivorus) inthe nest, point 12. 24/07/2006. Photo by E. Niko-lenko

Ïòåíåö îðëà-êàðëèêà (Hieraaetus pennatus) â ãíåçäå,òî÷êà 9. 24.07.2006. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

Chick of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) in thenest, point 9. Photo by E. Nikolenko

Ïîëåâîé ëóíü (Circus cyaneus)

Îáíàðóæåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ïîëå-âûõ ëóíåé (ðèñ. 1, òî÷êè 16–18).

Îäèí ñàìåö ïîëåâîãî ëóíÿ íàáëþäàëñÿíåñêîëüêî ðàç â 2006 ã. è â 2007 ã. âáëèçèàâòîòðàññû íà äåð. Áåðñóò (ðèñ. 1/16), äðó-ãîé áûë âñòðå÷åí íà ïîëÿõ ó âîñòî÷íîéîïóøêè ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà, îáðàùåííîãî êð. Áåðñóò 24.06.2007 ã. (ðèñ. 1/17), â 4-õêì îò ïðåäûäóùåãî ó÷àñòêà. Ïàðà íàáëþ-äàëàñü íà çàïàäíîé îïóøêå ëåñíîãî ìàñ-ñèâà, íà âîäîðàçäåëå íàä äåð. Øóìáóò24.07.2006 ã. (ðèñ. 1/18).

Êàê ïîêàçûâàþò ïðîâåä¸ííûå èññëåäî-âàíèÿ, ëåñíîé ìàññèâ Êàìñêîãî ëåñïðîì-õîçà â ìåæäóðå÷üå ðåê Øóìáóò è Áåðñóò,íåñìîòðÿ íà âûñîêóþ îñâîåííîñòü, îñòà-¸òñÿ âàæíûì ìåñòîì îáèòàíèÿ õèùíûõïòèö. Îñîáóþ öåííîñòü ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ïðè-áðåæíàÿ çîíà Êóéáûøåâñêîãî âîäîõðàíè-

Page 57: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 57

ëèùà, ãäå, áëàãîäàðÿ å¸ âîäîîõðàííîìó ñòà-òóñó, ñîõðàíÿþòñÿ ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûå äåðå-âüÿ, íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ðåäêèõâèäîâ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà.

Îïóøå÷íàÿ ÷àñòü ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà, îê-ðóæ¸ííàÿ ïîëÿìè è ïàñòáèùàìè, òàêæå ÿâ-ëÿåòñÿ ìåñòîì ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèù-íèêîâ, â ò.÷. ðåäêîãî îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà,îäíàêî äëÿ ïîñëåäíåãî íåîáõîäèìà ñîâî-êóïíîñòü äâóõ ôàêòîðîâ: íàëè÷èå ñòàðîâîç-ðàñòíûõ ñîñåí, ÷èñëî êîòîðûõ ñ êàæäûì ãî-

äîì ñíèæàåòñÿ, è ïàñòáèù, íàñåë¸ííûõ ñóñ-ëèêîì, ïëîùàäü êîòîðûõ çíà÷èòåëüíî ñî-êðàòèëàñü çà ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ. Ýòàïðîáëåìà, âîçìîæíî, àêòóàëüíà äëÿ âñåéëåñîñòåïíîé çîíû Òàòàðñòàíà, è å¸ ðåøå-íèþ íåîáõîäèìî óäåëÿòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå.

ËèòåðàòóðàÍèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã., Áåêìàíñóðîâ Ð.Õ. Íîâûå

íàõîäêè íà ãíåçäîâàíèè îðëà-êàðëèêà â Òàòàð-

ñòàíå – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2006.

¹ 6. Ñ. 65–66.

Îòëè÷èòåëüíîé ñïîñîáíîñòüþ ÷åðíîóõîãîêîðøóíà (Milvus migrans lineatus) â îòëè-÷èå îò äðóãèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö ÿâëÿåòñÿñïîñîáíîñòü îáðàçîâûâàòü âíåãíåçäîâûåñêîïëåíèÿ, ïðèðîäà êîòîðûõ íå ÿñíà. Ìà-òåðèàëû äëÿ äàííîãî ñîîáùåíèÿ áûëè ñî-áðàíû âî âðåìÿ ïîëåâûõ ðàáîò â Áàéêàëü-ñêîì ðåãèîíå ñ 1976 ã., â Þãî-ÇàïàäíîéÒóâå ñ 1983 ïî 1988 ãã. è â Ìîíãîëèè ñ1987 ïî 1990 ãã. Òàêæå áûë ïðîâåä¸í àíà-ëèç ëèòåðàòóðíûõ äàííûõ è ñáîð îïðîñ-íûõ ñâåäåíèé. Âûÿñíåíî, ÷òî ÷åðíîóõèéêîðøóí ìîæåò îáðàçîâûâàòü âíåãíåçäîâûåñêîïëåíèÿ âî ìíîãèõ ìåñòàõ íåçàâèñèìîîò òèïà ëàíäøàôòà, íî âñ¸ æå èõ áîëüøåîòìå÷åíî â ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ.

 Þãî-Çàïàäíîé Òóâå íàèáîëåå çíà÷è-òåëüíîå ïî ðàçìåðàì ñêîïëåíèå â òå÷åíèåíåñêîëüêèõ ëåò (ñ 1983 ã. ïî 1988 ã.) ìûíàáëþäàëè â äîëèíå ð. Êàðãû â óðî÷èùå«Ñåìèãîðêè» íà ãðàíèöå ñ Ìîíãîëèåé. Âýòîì ñêîïëåíèè íàñ÷èòûâàëîñü îò 80 äî120–130 ÷åðíîóõèõ êîðøóíîâ. Ñêîïëåíèåîáðàçîâûâàëîñü â êîíöå àïðåëÿ è ñóùå-ñòâîâàëî äî àâãóñòà, ÷èñëåííîñòü êîðøóíàâ òå÷åíèå ñåçîíà ñèëüíî íå ìåíÿëàñü, ëèøüê àâãóñòó ïðîèñõîäèëî íåêîòîðîå ñíèæå-íèå ÷èñëåííîñòè. Íî÷åâàëè ïòèöû íà îã-ðàíè÷åííîì ó÷àñòêå íà òîïîëÿõ â ïîéìåð. Êàðãû, ïðè÷¸ì íà îäíîì äåðåâå ìîãëîñèäåòü ñâûøå 10 ïòèö, ìàêñèìàëüíîå ÷èñ-ëî çà âñ¸ âðåìÿ íàáëþäåíèé – 35 ïòèö.

Êîíòàêò:

Âèêòîð ÏîïîâÈðêóòñêîå îòäåëåíèåÑÎÏÐòåë.: +7 (3952) 48 04 [email protected]

Contact:

Viktor PopovThe Irkutskbranch of RBCUtel.: +7 (3952) 48 04 [email protected]

There is very interesting peculiarity typicalonly for the Black-eared Kite (Milvus migranslineatus) to create the no breeding concen-trations consisting of up to 100 and morenumber of birds. There are known the suchconglomerations existing on the south-western of Tuva, Mongolia, Irkutsk districtand Buryatia. These conglomerations areoften noted near built-up areas, farms anddumps, but some of ones are unusual. Someconcentrations are stable and can exist dur-ing several seasons or years. However themechanisms forming and reasons of suchconcentrations have not known. We sup-pose they to be a population reserve pro-viding the stable number. Some disparitybetween the high number of the Black-earedKite and the little number of found nestswere noted. We expect that breeding pairscan not keep the high number of the spe-cies. Therefore it is essential to mark of birdsfrom such concentrations for the Black-earedKite researching.

No�Breeding�Concentrations�of�the�Black-eared�Kite

in�the�South�of�Siberia�and�in�Mongolia

ВНЕГНЕЗДОВЫЕСКОПЛЕНИЯЧЕРНОУХОГОКОРШУНА

НАЮГЕСИБИРИИВМОНГОЛИИ

Popov�V.V.�(Irkutsk�Branch�of�the�Russian�Birds�Conservation�Union,�Russia)

Попов�В.В.�(Иртсое�отделение�Союза�охраны�птиц�России,�Иртс,�Россия)

×åðíîóõèå êîðøóíû (Milvus migrans lineatus). ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

Black-Yeared Kites (Milvus migrans lineatus). Photo byI. Karyakin

Page 58: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1058

Ìåñòî íî÷¸âêè áûëî ïîñòîÿííûì, è â ðå-çóëüòàòå ïîä äåðåâüÿìè îáðàçîâàëñÿ òîë-ñòûé ñëîé èç ïîì¸òà è ïîãàäîê êîðøóíîâ.Äí¸ì êîðøóíû îáû÷íî êðóæèëèñü âáëèçèîò ìåñòà íî÷¸âêè.  îêðåñòíîé ñòåïè áûëèîòìå÷åíû íåçíà÷èòåëüíûå ïî ïëîòíîñòèïîñåëåíèÿ ìîíãîëüñêîé ïèùóõè (Ochotonapallasi), íà ïîëÿõ è â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ôåðìûñóùåñòâîâàëî äîâîëüíî ïëîòíîå ïîñåëåíèåìîíãîëüñêîé ïåñ÷àíêè (Meriones unguicu-latus), äëÿ ïîéìû áûëà îòìå÷åíà âûñîêàÿ÷èñëåííîñòü õîìÿ÷êîâ äàóðñêîãî (Cricetulusbarabensis) è äæóíãàðñêîãî (Phodopussungorus) è òóøêàí÷èêà-ïðûãóíà (Allactagasibirica), îäíàêî àíàëèç ïîãàäîê êîðøóíîâïîêàçàë, ÷òî îíè â îñíîâíîì ñîñòîÿëè èçøåðñòè äîìàøíèõ æèâîòíûõ. Ò.å. ñêîðååâñåãî êîðøóíû ïèòàëèñü ïàäàëüþ.  äîëè-íå ð. Êàðãû, íà 30-êì ó÷àñòêå óñòàíîâëåíîãíåçäîâàíèå ïðèìåðíî 10 ïàð ÷åðíîóõî-ãî êîðøóíà, ïðè÷¸ì íà 5-êì ó÷àñòêå ïîé-ìû, ïðèìûêàþùåì ê ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ãðà-íèöå, îòìå÷åíî åæåãîäíî ãíåçäîâàíèå îò5 äî 7 ïàð. Êðîìå ïîéìû ð. Êàðãè, äðóãèåìåñòà, ïðèãîäíûå äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ÷åðíî-óõîãî êîðøóíà, ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóþò.Êðîìå ýòîãî ñêîïëåíèÿ â 25 êì íà îêðàè-íàõ ïîñ. Ìóãóð-Àêñû ïîñòîÿííî äåðæàëîñüåù¸ 20–25 êîðøóíîâ, êîòîðûå êîðìèëèñüíà ñâàëêàõ îòáðîñàìè è ôàêòè÷åñêè çàíè-ìàëè ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþ íèøó âîðîí. Êðîìåýòîãî, Â.Í. Ñòåïàíåíêî ñîîáùàåò î ñêîï-ëåíèè ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà ëåòîì 1984 ã.â ïîñ. Òîðà-Õåì (Òîäæèíñêèé ðàéîí).

 Ìîíãîëèè ñêîïëåíèÿ ÷åðíîóõîãî êîð-øóíà óäàëîñü îòìå÷àòü äîâîëüíî ÷àñòî. Âîìíîãèõ íåáîëüøèõ íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòàõ âÕýíòåéñêîì, Óáñó-Íóðñêîì è Öåíòðàëüíîìàéìàêàõ áûëè îòìå÷åíû ñêîïëåíèÿ îò 10äî 25, à èíîãäà è áîëåå ïòèö. ×åðíîóõèõêîðøóíîâ (îêîëî 5–6 îñîáåé) ìû âñòðå÷à-ëè â öåíòðå Óëàí-Áàòîðà. Èç êðóïíûõ ñêîï-ëåíèé ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü âñòðå÷è â èþëå1988 ã. â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Áýðõ (Õýíòåé-ñêèé àéìàê) – 46 ïòèö è 24 èþíÿ 1979 ã. âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ Êîáäî – ñâûøå 100 ïòèö (Ïî-ïîâ è äð., 1998).

 Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè ñêîïëåíèÿ ÷åðíî-óõîãî êîðøóíà îòìå÷åíû â îñíîâíîì â îê-ðåñòíîñòÿõ íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ. Â.Â. Ðÿá-öåâ (1991) îòìåòèë ñêîïëåíèÿ ÷åðíîóõîãîêîðøóíà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ôåðìû â äåð. Áû-ñòðîé (Ñëþäÿíñêèé ðàéîí): 6 àïðåëÿ 1982 ã.òàì áûëî îòìå÷åíî 20–25 êîðøóíîâ; íàñëåäóþùèé äåíü – 15–18; 24 àâãóñòà 1981 ã.– 50–70; 26 àâãóñòà 1979 ã. – 89–100; 6ñåíòÿáðÿ 1980 ã. – 40; 10 è 11 ñåíòÿáðÿ1978 ã. – 40–50 ïòèö. Âòîðîå ñêîïëåíèåèç 50 êîðøóíîâ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî èì 4

àâãóñòà 1988 ã. íà áåðåãó ð. Àíãàðà â 3-õêì âûøå ïî òå÷åíèþ îò ìåñòà âïàäåíèÿ ð.Êóäà (Èðêóòñêèé ðàéîí). Íàìè ñêîïëåíèåèç 50–80 ïòèö íåñêîëüêî ðàç îòìå÷àëîñü âèþíå-èþëå 1998 ã. â ðàéîíå çîëîîòâàëàÍîâî-Èðêóòñêîé ÒÝÖ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ.Ìàðêîâî. Íåïîäàëåêó îò ýòîãî ìåñòà íà-õîäèëàñü ïòèöåôàáðèêà, è êîðøóíû, ñêî-ðåå âñåãî, ïèòàëèñü å¸ îòõîäàìè.  ìàå2006 ã. ñêîïëåíèå èç 30–35 ïòèö îòìå÷å-íî â ïîñåëêå Áîëüøàÿ Ðå÷êà â îêðåñòíîñ-òÿõ çâåðîôåðìû.  óñòüå ð. Óíãà (Íóêóòñ-êèé ðàéîí) 1 èþëÿ 2007 ã. îòìå÷åíîñêîïëåíèå èç 9 êîðøóíîâ. È.Í. Ñèðîõèí26 àâãóñòà 1991 ã. íàáëþäàë ñêîïëåíèå îêî-ëî 50 êîðøóíîâ íà ãîðîäñêîé ñâàëêå ã. Òàé-øåò (êàðòîòåêà áèîôàêà ÈÃÓ). Ïî îïðîñ-íûì äàííûì, â 80-õ ãîäàõ ñêîïëåíèÿêîðøóíà íåîäíîêðàòíî íàáëþäàëèñü â îê-ðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Êàðëóê ó ïòèöåôàáðèêè.

 Áóðÿòèè ñêîïëåíèÿ ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøó-íà îòìå÷åíû 2 èþëÿ 1957 ã. – îêîëî 40îñîáåé â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Èñèíãà, 1 èþëÿ1960 ã. – îêîëî 30 ïòèö ó îç. Ìàëîå Åðàâ-íîå è ñòîëüêî æå ïòèö 18–19 èþëÿ 1961 ã.â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Ñîñíîâîîçåðñêà (Èç-ìàéëîâ, 1967).

Êàê ìû âèäèì, âíåãíåçäîâûå ñêîïëåíèÿäëÿ ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà äîâîëüíî îáû÷-íîå ÿâëåíèå, è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû îíè, ñêî-ðåå âñåãî, øèðå, ÷åì îòìå÷åíî íàìè. Ïðè-÷èíû, ïîðîæäàþùèå îáðàçîâàíèÿñêîïëåíèé, íå âñåãäà ÿñíû.  ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ(îêðàèíû ïîñ¸ëêîâ, îêðåñòíîñòè ïòèöå-ôàáðèê è çâåðîôåðì) èõ ìîæíî îáúÿñ-íèòü íàëè÷èåì äîñòóïíîãî èñòî÷íèêà ïè-òàíèÿ. Íî â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ (ñêîïëåíèåâ óðî÷èùå «Ñåìèãîðêè», íåïîäàëåêó îòóñòüÿ ð. Êóäà) ýòî îáúÿñíåíèå íå ïîäõî-äèò. Îáðàùàåò íà ñåáÿ âíèìàíèå è ñòàáèëü-íîñòü ìåñò îáðàçîâàíèÿ ñêîïëåíèé, êàê âòå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõ ëåò, òàê è â òå÷åíèåñåçîíà (íàïðèìåð, óðî÷èùå «Ñåìèãîðêè»,îêðåñòíîñòè ïîñ. Áûñòðîé). Òàêæå ñëåäóåòîòìåòèòü, ÷òî ñêîïëåíèÿ ñîñòîÿò èç ðàçíî-âîçðàñòíûõ ïòèö, à íå òîëüêî èç ìîëîäûõ,íå ïðåñòóïèâøèõ ê ðàçìíîæåíèþ. ßñíîãîîáúÿñíåíèÿ ïðè÷èí îáðàçîâàíèÿ ñêîïëå-íèé ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà íåò.

Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü åù¸ îäíó îñîáåííîñòü÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà – íåêîòîðîå íåñîîò-âåòñòâèå îòíîñèòåëüíî âûñîêîé îáùåé ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè âèäà è ìàëîãî êîëè÷åñòâà íàéäåí-íûõ ãí¸çä. Íàïðèìåð, ïî ðåçóëüòàòàìðàáîòû â Ìîíãîëèè (Ïîïîâ è äð., 1998),ãäå çà 4 ãîäà áûëî ïðîéäåíî 1070 êì ïå-øèõ è 9795 êì àâòîìîáèëüíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ,â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ êîðøóí çàíèìàëïåðâîå, èíîãäà âòîðîå ìåñòî ïî ÷èñëåí-

Page 59: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 59

íîñòè, â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ ñ áîëüøèì îòðûâîìîò äðóãèõ âèäîâ.  òî æå âðåìÿ áûëî íàé-äåíî 43 æèëûõ ãíåçäà äðóãèõ âèäîâ õèù-íûõ ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå ðåäêèõ, íî íå áûëîîáíàðóæåíî íè îäíîãî ãíåçäà è íè îäíîãîâûâîäêà ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà. Â.Â. Ðÿáöå-âûì (1991) áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 13 ãí¸çä ýòî-ãî âèäà, ìåíüøå, ÷åì ãí¸çä áîëåå ðåäêèõâèäîâ – ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) è áà-ëîáàíà (Falco cherrug).  2006 ã. â ëåñî-ñòåïÿõ Âåðõíåãî Ïðèàíãàðüÿ ïî ÷èñëåííî-ñòè ÷åðíîóõèé êîðøóí òàêæå çàíÿë ïîìåñÿöàì ïåðâîå-âòîðîå ìåñòî, íî îïÿòüãí¸çä è âûâîäêîâ íàéäåíî íå áûëî (Ìàëå-åâ, Ïîïîâ, 2007).  ëèòåðàòóðå òàêæå èìå-åòñÿ ìàëî óïîìèíàíèé î íàõîäêàõ ãí¸çäêîðøóíà (ïî Áàéêàëüñêîìó ðåãèîíó íå áî-ëåå 25 óêàçàíèé íà íàõîäêè ãí¸çä), íî ïðàê-òè÷åñêè âñåãäà îòìå÷àåòñÿ åãî âûñîêàÿ ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü.  Þãî-çàïàäíîé Òóâå íà 10 ïàðãíåçäÿùèõñÿ êîðøóíîâ ïðèõîäèëîñü ñâûøå130 íåãíåçäÿùèõñÿ òîëüêî â ñîñòàâå ñêîï-ëåíèé, åù¸ íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòêîâ íåãíåçäÿ-ùèõñÿ ïòèö íàõîäèëîñü âíå ñêîïëåíèé. Òà-êèì îáðàçîì, ñîîòíîøåíèå ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ èíåãíåçäÿùèõñÿ îñîáåé ìîæåò íà ïðèìåðåÞãî-Çàïàäíîé Òóâû äîñòèãàòü 1:8 – 1:10.Ïîëó÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ïîïóëÿöèèêîðøóíà íå ó÷àñòâóåò â ðàçìíîæåíèè.Ìîæåò âñòàòü âîïðîñ î âîçìîæíîñòè ãíåç-äÿùèõñÿ îñîáåé ïðè óñïåøíîñòè ðàçìíî-æåíèÿ 1,5 ñë¸òêà íà ðàçìíîæàâøóþñÿ ïàðó

(Ðÿáöåâ, 1991) ñòàáèëüíî îáåñïå÷èâàòüñòîëü âûñîêóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà.

Ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ðîëü ñêîïëåíèé ÷åðíî-óõîãî êîðøóíà â íåêîòîðîé ñòåïåíè ìî-æåò çàêëþ÷àòüñÿ â òîì, ÷òî îíè ÿâëÿþòñÿñâîåîáðàçíûì ðåçåðâîì ïîïóëÿöèè, îáåñ-ïå÷èâàþùèì ñòàáèëüíóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà.Íî äëÿ ïîëíîãî ïîíèìàíèÿ ýòîãî ÿâëåíèÿíåîáõîäèìî ïðîâåäåíèå ñïåöèàëüíûõ ðà-áîò, âêëþ÷àþùèõ â ñåáÿ êàê ìå÷åíèå îñî-áåé êðûëîìåòêàìè, òàê è ðàäèîïåðåäàò÷è-êàìè, äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ïðîñëåäèòü ïîâåäåíèåïòèö, âõîäÿùèõ â ñîñòàâ ñêîïëåíèé âî âðå-ìÿ çèìîâîê, è èõ ó÷àñòèå â ðàçìíîæåíèè âáóäóùåì. Òàê èëè èíà÷å, âíåãíåçäîâûåñêîïëåíèÿ ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà ÿâëÿþòñÿèíòåðåñíûì ôàêòîì, íà êîòîðûé ñëåäóåòîáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå.

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Èçìàéëîâ È.Â. Ïòèöû Âèòèìñêîãî ïëîñêîãî-ðüÿ. Óëàí-Óäý, 1967. 305 ñ.

Ìàëååâ Â.Ã., Ïîïîâ Â.Â. Ïòèöû ëåñîñòåïåéÂåðõíåãî Ïðèàíãàðüÿ. Èðêóòñê: ÍÖ ÐÂÕ ÂÑÍÖÑÎ ÐÀÌÍ, 2007. 276 ñ.

Ïîïîâ Â.Â., Êàðäàø À.È., Âåðæóöêèé Ä.Á. Êðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ è ýêîëîãèè õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâíà âîñòîêå è çàïàäå Ìîíãîëèè. – Òðóäû Áàéêàëî-Ëåíñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïðèðîäíîãî çàïîâåä-íèêà. Âûï.1. Ì., «Èíêîìáóê» 1998. Ñ. 85–91.

Ðÿáöåâ Â.Â. Ýêîëîãèÿ ÷åðíîãî êîðøóíà â ëå-ñîñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ Ïðåäáàéêàëüÿ. – Ýêîëîãèÿè ôàóíà ïòèö Âîñòî÷íîé Ñèáèðè. Óëàí-Óäý,

1991. Ñ. 152–161.

Êîðøóí (Milvus migrans)ñêëîíåí îáðàçîâûâàòü ãíåçäî-âûå êîëîíèè ÷èñëåííîñòüþ äîíåñêîëüêèõ äåñÿòêîâ ïàð, âêîòîðûõ ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäóãíåçäàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò íåñêîëü-êî äåñÿòêîâ ìåòðîâ (Äåìåíòü-åâ, 1951; Êàðÿêèí, 2004). Òà-êèå êîëîíèè îïèñàíû âÏîâîëæüå, Ïðåäóðàëüå è Àë-òàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå, îäíà-

êî äëÿ Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè èíôîðìàöèÿ îãíåçäîâûõ êîëîíèÿõ êîðøóíà ïðàêòè÷åñ-êè îòñóòñòâóåò. Áëèæàéøàÿ ê Íîâîñèáèðñ-êó êîëîíèÿ êîðøóíîâ îïèñàíà â Êåìåðîâ-ñêîé îáëàñòè â Âàãàíîâñêîì áîðó(Êàðÿêèí, Áàêêà, 2004).

A�Colony�of�the�Black�Kite�at�the�Ob’�Reservoir�Terrace,�Russia

КОЛОНИЯ�ЧЁРНОГО�КОРШУНА�НА�ПОБЕРЕЖЬЕ�ОБСКОГОВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА,�РОССИЯ

Nikolenko�E.G.�(Siberian�Environmental�Center,�Novosibirsk,�Russia)

Ни�олен�о�Э.Г.�(МБОО�«Сибирс�ий�э�оло�ичес�ий�центр»,�Новосибирс�,�Россия)

We found a colony of the Black Kite (Milvusmigrans) in a pine forest located on the Ob’Reservoir terrace in the Iskitim region of theNovosibirsk district on 19 August, 2006. Thecolony consists of 14 perennial nests locat-ed on the area of 400 m2 (fig. 1), we noted12 nests occupyied in 2006.

The average distance between living nestswas 100 m (n=12; range 70–160 m). Nestslocated at the edge of the colony were atthe distance of 300–400 m from the reser-voir bank and only in 200 m far from a san-atorium. The main object of the Black Kite’sdiet was fish.

No less than 24 adults (40 including youngbirds) were observed to inhabit the colonyin 2006.

׸ðíûé êîðøóí (Milvus

migrans). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿ-êèíà

Black Kite (Milvus mi-

grans). Photo by I. Kar-yakin

Page 60: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1060

 ïðèòåððàñíîì áîðó Îáñêîãî âîäîõðà-íèëèùà â Èñêèòèìñêîì ðàéîíå Íîâîñèáèð-ñêîé îáëàñòè 19 àâãóñòà 2006 ã. áûëà îáíà-ðóæåíà êîëîíèÿ ÷¸ðíûõ êîðøóíîâ,ñîñòîÿùàÿ èç 14 ìíîãîëåòíèõ ïîñòðîåê, ðàñ-ïîëàãàþùèõñÿ íà ó÷àñòêå ïëîùàäüþ 400 ì2

(ðèñ. 1).Êîëîíèÿ ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ â íåáîëüøîì ó÷à-

ñòêå ëåñà, îñòàâøåìñÿ îò äðåâíåãî ïðèòåð-ðàñíîãî áîðà íà áåðåãó âîäîõðàíèëèùà.Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ëåñà âäîëü êðîìêè âîäûñîñòàâëÿåò 14 êì, à ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ øèðèíà– 2,3 êì.  27 êì âûøå ïî âîäîõðàíèëèùóíà÷èíàåòñÿ Êàðàêàíñêèé áîð – îäèí èç ñà-ìûõ êðóïíûõ òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ Íîâîñèáèð-ñêîé îáëàñòè. Îñòàëüíàÿ îáøèðíàÿ òåððè-òîðèÿ Èñêèòèìñêîãî ðàéîíà, ïðèëåãàþùàÿê âîäîõðàíèëèùó, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïîëÿè çàëåæè ñ ðåäêèìè áåð¸çîâûìè êîëêàìè.

Ó÷àñòîê ëåñà, â êîòîðîì îáíàðóæåíàêîëîíèÿ, íåñ¸ò ñèëüíóþðåêðåàöèîííóþ íàãðóç-êó. Çäåñü ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿíåñêîëüêî âåäîìñòâåí-íûõ áàç îòäûõà, à òàêæåâåäóòñÿ ðóáêè, âñëåäñòâèåêîòîðûõ áîëüøàÿ òåððè-òîðèÿ ìàññèâà ïðåäñòàâ-ëÿåò ñîáîé ñìåøàííûéáåð¸çîâî-ñîñíîâûé ëåñ ñíåáîëüøèìè ôðàãìåíòà-ìè ÷èñòûõ ñðåäíåâîçðàñ-òíûõ ñîñíÿêîâ. Èìåííî âòàêîì ñîñíÿêå, ïëîùàäüþìåíåå 1 êì2, áûëà íàéäå-íà êîëîíèÿ. Ïðèìå÷à-òåëüíî òî, ÷òî â îêðåñò-íîñòè íåñêîëüêèõ ñîòìåòðîâ âîêðóã êîëîíèè

áîëåå íå áûëî íàéäåíî íè îäíîé ïîñò-ðîéêè êîðøóíîâ, êàê, ñîáñòâåííî, è äðó-ãèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, íåñìîòðÿ íà íàëè÷èåãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ ñîñåí. Êðàéíèå ïîñò-ðîéêè â êîëîíèè ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â 300–400 ì îò áåðåãà âîäîõðàíèëèùà è âñåãîâ 200-õ ì îò áëèæàéøåé áàçû îòäûõà.Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìè ãí¸çäàìè âà-ðüèðóåò îò 70 äî 160 ì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåä-íåì 100 ì (n=12). Ñðåäíèé âîçðàñò ñî-ñåí íà ó÷àñòêå ñ êîëîíèåé – îêîëî 50 ëåò.Âñå ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà ñàìûõ ñòà-ðûõ äåðåâüÿõ – âîçðàñòîì îêîëî 80 ëåòè áîëåå. Âûñîòà ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ïîñòðî-åê êîëåáëåòñÿ îò 8 äî 20 ì, ñðåäíÿÿ âû-ñîòà – 14,8 ì (n=14), âûñîòà îò âåðøèíûäåðåâà – 4–10, â ñðåäíåì 6,9 ì (n=14).

 ìîìåíò îáíàðóæåíèÿ êîëîíèè ïòåí-öû óæå ïîêèíóëè ãí¸çäà è îõîòèëèñü âìå-ñòå ñî âçðîñëûìè ïòèöàìè íà ïîáåðåæüå,ïîýòîìó îïðåäåëèòü êîëè÷åñòâî ñë¸òêîââ êàæäîì ãíåçäå áûëî íåâîçìîæíî. Òåìíå ìåíåå, íàä ìíîãèìè ãí¸çäàìè áûëè çà-ôèêñèðîâàíû áåñïîêîÿùèåñÿ ïòèöû –êàê ñë¸òêè, òàê è âçðîñëûå, à î çàíÿòîñòèãí¸çä ìîæíî áûëî ñóäèòü ïî ïèùåâûìîñòàòêàì è ïîì¸òó ïîä íèìè. Èç 14 ïîñò-ðîåê 12, îïðåäåë¸ííî, áûëè æèëûìè â2006 ã.

Îñíîâó ïèòàíèÿ ÷¸ðíîãî êîðøóíà íà ïî-áåðåæüå, ñóäÿ ïî ïîåäÿì, ñîñòàâëÿåò ðûáà.Âîçìîæíî, ÷òî çíà÷èòåëüíóþ ÷àñòü ðàöè-îíà îáåñïå÷èâàþò áàçû îòäûõà è ñòîÿíêèîòäûõàþùèõ.

Ìîæíî ñäåëàòü âûâîä, ÷òî êîëè÷åñòâîêîðøóíîâ, ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ â 2006 ã. âîáíàðóæåííîé êîëîíèè, áûëî íå ìåíåå24, à ÷èñëåííîñòü ïòèö ïîñëå âûëåòà ïòåí-öîâ áëèçêà ê 40.

Ðèñ. 1. Êîëîíèÿ ÷¸ðíîãîêîðøóíà (Milvus migrans)

â ïðèòåððàñíîì áîðóÎáñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà.MM01-MM14 – ãí¸çäàêîðøóíà

Fig. 1. A colony of theBlack Kite (Milvus mi-

grans) in a pine forest atthe Ob’ reservoir terrace.MM01-MM14 – BlackKite’s nests

Áîð íà ó÷àñòêå ñ êîëîíè-åé ÷¸ðíîãî êîðøóíà.

Ãíåçäî ÌÌ11.Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

Fragment of the pine for-est with the colony of theBlack Kite. Nest ÌÌ11.Photo by E. Nikolenko

Page 61: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 61

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Îòðÿä õèùíûå ïòèöû. – Ïòè-öû Ñîâåòñêîãî Ñîþçà. Ì.: Ñîâåòñêàÿ íàóêà,1951. Ò.1. Ñ. 70–341.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè (ìåòîäè÷åñ-êèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî èçó÷åíèþ ñîêîëîîáðàç-íûõ è ñîâîîáðàçíûõ). Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä: Èç-äàòåëüñòâî «Ïîâîëæüå», 2004. 351 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Áàêêà Ñ.Â. ÈíâåíòàðèçàöèÿÊÎÒÐ ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ íà þãå Çàïàä-íîé Ñèáèðè. – Èíôîðìàöèîííûé áþëëåòåíü«Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Ðîñ-

ñèè». 2004. ¹ 2 (20). Ñ. 34–36.

 êëàäêàõ êðå÷åòà (Falco rusticolus) îáû÷-íî áûâàåò îò äâóõ äî ÷åòûð¸õ ÿèö, à ââûâîäêàõ – îò îäíîãî äî ÷åòûð¸õ ïòåí-öîâ (Potapov, Sale, 2005). Êëàäêè èç ïÿòèÿèö è âûâîäêè èç ïÿòè ïòåíöîâ âñòðå÷à-þòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ðåäêî.  ëèòåðàòó-ðå íàì óäàëîñü íàéòè òîëüêî äâà ñîîá-ùåíèÿ î òàêèõ ñëó÷àÿõ: äâå êëàäêè ïî 5ÿèö íàõîäèë Î.Ê. Íèëüñåí (O.K. Nielsen)â Èñëàíäèè (Cade et al., 1998); è îäíóãíåçäÿùóþñÿ ïàðó ñ ïÿòüþ ñë¸òêàìè îá-íàðóæèë Ï. Êîñêèìèåñ (P. Koskimies) âñåâåðíîé Øâåöèè â 2004 ã., ïðè ýòîì÷èñëåííîñòü áåëîé êóðîïàòêè (Lagopuslagopus) â òîì ðàéîíå áûëà î÷åíü âûñî-êîé (Koskimies, 2005).

Ìû íàáëþäàëè âûâîäîê êðå÷åòà ñ ïÿ-òüþ ïîëíîñòüþ îïåð¸ííûìè ñë¸òêàìè íàþãå ïîëóîñòðîâà ßìàë (áàññåéí ð. Ùó÷ü-åé) 12 èþëÿ 2007 ã. Âñå ìîëîäûå äåðæà-ëèñü îêîëî ãíåçäà, ëåòàëè åù¸ íå î÷åíüõîðîøî.  òî æå âðåìÿ â òð¸õ äðóãèõîáíàðóæåííûõ íàìè âûâîäêàõ êðå÷åòîâáûëè îäèí, äâà è òðè ñë¸òêà. ×èñëåííîñòüáåëîé êóðîïàòêè â ýòîì ãîäó áûëà ñðåä-íåé, è óñïåøíîå âûêàðìëèâàíèå êðå÷å-òàìè âûâîäêà èç 5 ïòåíöîâ íèêàê íå ñâÿ-çàíî ñ îáùèì óâåëè÷åíèåì ÷èñëåííîñòèêóðîïàòêè íà Þæíîì ßìàëå.

Êîíòàêò:

Ìå÷íèêîâà ÑâåòëàíàÌîñêîâñêèé ãîðîäñêîéïåäàãîãè÷åñêèéóíèâåðñèòåòÊàôåäðà çîîëîãèè èáîòàíèêèÐîññèÿ 105043Ìîñêâà, óë. 3-ÿ Ïàðêîâàÿ8/19, êâ. 50òåë.: +7 (495) 367 60 [email protected]

Êóäðÿâöåâ Íèêîëàéòåë.: +7 (495) 654 36 [email protected]

Contact:

Mechnikova SvetlanaDepartment of Zoologyand Botany,Moscow MunicipalPedagogical UniversityTretya Parkovaya Str.,8/19 – 50, Moscow105043 Russiatel.: +7 (495) 367 60 [email protected]

Kudryavtsev Nikolaytel.: +7 (495) 654 36 [email protected]

The Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) brood sizevaries usually from one to four (Potapov,Sale, 2005). Clutches of 5 eggs and broodsof 5 chicks are extremely rare. In all availa-ble for us literature we found only two suchreports: O.K. Nielsen found two clutches of5 eggs in Iceland (Cade et al., 1998); and P.Koskimies observed a breeding pair with fivefull-grown fledglings in northenmost Swe-den in 2004, where Willow Grouse (Lago-pus lagopus) population was very high (Ko-skimies, 2005). 12.07.2007 we also observeda Gyrfalcon brood of five full-grown fledglingsin the south of the Yamal peninsula (Schuchyariver basin). All fledglings were near theirnest, they flew not very well. In three an-other broods were one, two and three fledg-lings. Willow Grouse population was mean.

References

Cade, T.J., Koskimies, P. & Nielsen, O.K. Falco

rusticolus Gyrfalcon. – The Birds of Western Pal-earctic Update, 1998. 2(1). P. 1–25.

Koskimies, P. Locality report from Finnish La-pland, Finland. – Arctic Birds. Newsletter of theInternational Breeding Conditions Survey (com-piled by M. Soloviev and P. Tomkovich). 2005.No.7. P. 4.

Potapov E.R., Sale R. The Gyrfalcon. Yale Uni-versity Press. 2005. 288 p.

Five�Fledglings�in�Brood�of�the�Gyrfalcon�on�the�Yamal

Peninsula,� Russia

ПЯТЬ�СЛЁТКОВ�В�ВЫВОДКЕ�КРЕЧЕТА�НА�ЯМАЛЕ,�РОССИЯ

Mechnikova�S.A.,�Kudryavtsev�N.V.�(Moscow�Municipal�Pedagogical�University,

Moscow,�Russia)

Мечни�ова�С.А.,�К�дрявцев�Н.В.�(Мос�овс�ий��ородс�ой�педа�о�ичес�ий

�ниверситет,�Мос�ва,�Россия)

Ìíîãîëåòíåå ãíåçäî êîðøóíà ÌÌ04. 19.08.2007.Ôîòî Ý. ÍèêîëåíêîPerennial nest of the Black Kite ÌÌ04. 19/08/2007.Photo by E. Nikolenko

Êîíòàêò:

Ýëüâèðà ÍèêîëåíêîÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñêà/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ: +7 (383)339 78 [email protected]

Contact:

Elvira NikolenkoNGO SiberianEnvironmental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax: +7 (383)339 78 [email protected]

Page 62: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1062

Íà òåððèòîðèè Ðåñïóáëèêè Ìîðäîâèÿ áà-ëîáàí (Falco cherrug) – ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿùèé-ñÿ óÿçâèìûé âèä, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ ïîä óãðî-çîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ. Íà ãíåçäîâàíèèîòìå÷àëñÿ áîëåå 25 ëåò íàçàä. Ïî ñîîáùå-íèþ Ë.Ï. Áîðîäèíà (1967) â èþíå 1962 ã.îðíèòîëîãîì Ìîðäîâñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêàÈ.Ä. Ùåðáàêîâûì íåäàëåêî îò ãíåçäà, ðàñ-ïîëîæåííîãî íà ñîñíå,ïîéìàí ñë¸òîê áàëîáàíà.Ïîñëåäíèå íàáëþäåíèÿäàííîãî âèäà â Ìîðäîâèèîòíîñÿòñÿ ê 1996 ãîäó:îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà íàáëþ-äàëàñü 11 àâãóñòà â ïîéìåð. Âàä áëèç ñ. Æóðàâêèíîâ Çóáîâî-Ïîëÿíñêîì ðàé-îíå (Ëàïøèí, Ëûñåíêîâ,2001).

Âî âðåìÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿýêñïåäèöèîííûõ èññëåäî-âàíèé íà òåððèòîðèè Íè-æåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè èÐåñïóáëèêè Ìîðäîâèè âìàå 2007 ã. íàìè îòìå÷å-íà ïàðà áàëîáàíîâ. Ïòè-öû íàáëþäàëèñü 11 ìàÿ âïîéìå ð. Ìîêøà íåäàëå-êî îò ä. Ñòàðûé Òåøòåëèì (Åëüíèêîâñêèéðàéîí) (ðèñ. 1). Îäíà èç íèõ èìåëà âûðà-æåííóþ ðûæåâàòóþ îêðàñêó, ó äðóãîé âöâåòå îïåðåíèÿ ïðåîáëàäàëè ñåðûå òîíà.Ñóäÿ ïî ïîâåäåíèþ áàëîáàíîâ (ïòèöû ïå-ðèîäè÷åñêè îáëåòàëè ïîéìåííûå ó÷àñòêèè ïîäâåðãàëèñü àòàêàì ñî ñòîðîíû áåëî-êðûëûõ êðà÷åê (Chliodonias leucopterus) è÷èáèñîâ (Vanellus vanellus)), ñîêîëû, ñêî-ðåå âñåãî, ðàçìíîæàëèñü ãäå-òî íåïîäàë¸-êó. Îñìîòð áëèæàéøèõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõó÷àñòêîâ íå ïðèí¸ñ ïîëîæèòåëüíîãî ðå-çóëüòàòà. Çà ïîñëåäíåå äåñÿòèëåòèå ýòî ïåð-âîå íàáëþäåíèå ïàðû áàëîáàíîâ â ãíåç-äîâîé ïåðèîä íà òåððèòîðèè ÑðåäíåãîÏîâîëæüÿ.

Êîíòàêò:

Ìàêñèì Êîðîëüêîâ[email protected]Àëåêñàíäð Ìàöûíà[email protected]

Contact:

Maxim [email protected] [email protected]

Ðèñ. 1. Ìåñòî âñòðå÷è ïàðû áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug)

Fig. 1. Place of observation of the Saker Falcon (Falco

cherrug)

A pair of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug)was observed in the Moksha river valleynear Stariy Teshtelim of the Elnikovskiyregion, the Republic of Mordovia, on 11May 2007 (fig. 1). This is the first registra-tion of the pair of sakers during breedingperiod on the territory of the Middle Vol-ga Region for last ten years.

New�Records�of�the�Saker�Falcon�in�the�Republic�of�Mordovia,

Russia

НОВЫЕ�ДАННЫЕ�О�БАЛОБАНЕ�НА�ТЕРРИТОРИИ�РЕСПУБЛИКИМОРДОВИЯ,�РОССИЯ

Korolkov�M.A.�(Simbirsk�Branch�of�RBCU,�Ulyanovsk,�Russia)

Matsina�A.I.�(Laboratory�of�Ornithology�under�Ecocenter�«Dront»,�N.Novgorod)

Король�ов�М.А.�(Симбирс�ое�отделение�союза�охраны�птиц�России,��.�Ульяновс�,

Россия)

Мацына�А.И.�(Орнитоло�ичес�ая�лаборатория�э�оцентра�«Дронт»,��.�Н.Нов�ород,

Россия)

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Áîðîäèí Ë.Ï. Äîïîëíåíèÿ ê ôàóíå Ìîðäîâ-ñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà ïî ìàòåðèàëàì È.Ä. Ùåð-áàêîâà. - Òðóäû Ìîðäîâñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà.Ñàðàíñê. 1967. Âûï. 4.

Ëàïøèí À.Ñ., Ëûñåíêîâ Å.Â. 2001. Ðåäêèå ïòè-öû Ìîðäîâèè / Ïîä. ðåä. äîöåíòà À.Å. Ëóãîâî-ãî; Ìîðäîâ. ãîñ. ïåä. èí-ò. Ñàðàíñê. 176 ñ.

Page 63: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 63

 Èðàíå ñòàòóñ óøàñòîé ñîâû (Asio otus)íå îïðåäåë¸í; âîçìîæíî, ÷èñëî îáû÷íîçèìóþùèõ â Èðàíå ïòèö âåëèêî, íî îíè,êàê ïðàâèëî, íå âûÿâëÿþòñÿ. Ñîãëàñíî Çà-ðóäíè (Zarudnyi, 1911), âèä ðàçìíîæàåòñÿ íàþãå Êàñïèéñêîãî ðåãèîíà (Mansoori 2001),íî Ýðàðä è Ýñõåêîïàð (Erard & Etchecopar,1970) îòìåòèëè, ÷òî âñå ýêçåìïëÿðû îòìå-÷àëèñü â ñåçîí ìèãðàöèé èëè çèìîé, è, ñëå-äîâàòåëüíî, îòíîñÿòñÿ ê ìèãðàíòàì.

Âî âðåìÿ íàáëþäåíèé ïòèö ñîëíå÷íûìóòðîì 8 äåêàáðÿ 2004 îêîëî 15–20 îñî-áåé óøàñòîé ñîâû íàáëþäàëèñü íà òîïîëÿõ(Populus euphratica) è òàìàðèñêàõ (Tamarixstricta) â ëåñíîì ïàðêå Ýììàì Àëè (51 ãà),ïî äîðîãå èç Çàõàêà â ßçèíàê, â 15 êì þãî-âîñòî÷íåå Çàáîëà, â ïðîâèíöèè Ñåéñòàí èÁåëóäæèñòàí, âáëèçè ãðàíèöû Àôãàíèñòàí-Ïàêèñòàí. Õîòÿ ïëîòíûå âåòâè äåðåâüåâ çàò-ðóäíÿëè íàáëþäåíèå ïòèö, â ïîë¸òå è ïðèïåðåìåùåíèè ìåæäó äåðåâüÿìè ìû ñìîã-ëè èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü â íèõ óøàñòûõ ñîâ.

Ïîñëå ÷åãî ìû ïîñåùàëè ýòîò ðàéîí äîñ-òàòî÷íî ÷àñòî è â õîëîäíûé è âåòðåíûé äåíü26 ÿíâàðÿ 2006 ã. íàáëþäàëè îêîëî 15 ïòèöâ òîì æå ñàìîì ìåñòå. Âäîáàâîê, â õîëîä-íûé äåíü 28 äåêàáðÿ 2006 ã. (ðèñ. 1) ìûíàáëþäàëè îêîëî 40 ïòèö, è èõ íàáëþäå-íèå áûëî óñïåøíî ïîâòîðåíî 12 ôåâðàëÿ

Contact:

Tayebeh ArbabiDepartment ofEnvironmentUniversity of [email protected]

Ðèñ. 1. Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà(Asio otus) â ëåñíîì ïàð-êå Ýìàì Àëè, Çàáîë, Ñåé-ñòåí è Áåëóäæèñòàí. 28äåêàáðÿ 2006. Ôîòî T.Aðáàáè

Fig. 1. A Long-eared Owl(Asio otus) photographedat Emam Ali (Jazinak) For-est Park, Zabol, Seistan &Baluchestan. 28 Decem-ber 2006. Photo by T.Arbabi

Report�on�the�Occurrence�of�Long-eared�Owl�from�Zabol,�Iran’s

Border�with�Afghanistan-Pakistan

РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕУШАСТОЙСОВЫВЗАБОЛЕ,УИРАНСКОЙГРАНИЦЫСАФГАНИСТАНОМИПАКИСТАНОМ

Gholamreza�Noori�(Faculty�of�Geography,�University�of�Seistan�&�Baluchestan�)

Tayebeh�Arbabi,�Masoud�Khamari�(Department�of�Environment,�University�of�Zabol,�Zabol)

Гхоламреза�Н�ри�(Фа��льтет��ео�рафии,�Университет�Сейстена�и�Бел�джистана,�Иран)

Тайебех�Арбаби,�Масо�д�Кзамари�(Департамент�о�р�жающей�среды,�Университет

Забола,�Забол,�Иран)

In Iran status of the Long-eared Owl (Asiootus) is uncertain; possibly a fairly com-mon winter visitor to much of Iran, butgreatly overlooked. According to Zarud-nyi (1911), the species breeds in the southCaspian region (Mansoori 2001), but Er-ard & Etchecopar (1970) note that allspecimens were taken during the migra-tion seasons or in winter, and could there-fore refer to migrants.

During a bird survey at a sunny morn-ing on 8 December 2004, about 15–20 in-dividuals of the Long-eared Owl wereobserved on Populus euphratica and Tam-arix stricta trees at Emam Ali Forst Park(51 ha), on the way Zahak to Jazinak, c.15 km southeast Zabol, Seistan & Bal-uchestan province, near Iran’s border withAfghanistan/Pakistan. Although densebranches of the trees made the problemseeing the birds, we could identified themas Long-eared Owl when flying and mov-ing between trees.

After that we had many visits to thisarea, and on a cold and wind day of 26January 2006 about 15 individuals ofLong-eared Owl were observed at thesame previous place. In addition, on coldday of 28 December 2006 (fig. 1) about40 birds were observed, and their obser-vations were successfully repeated on 12February and 18 March 2007, but no birdswere observed in April 2007.

In the 1970s, Derek A. Scott (in litt. toA. Khaleghizadeh) had seen one bird in apublic garden in Zabol, Seistan, on 25October 1975 and at least four in gardensin Zabol on 17 January 1976.

Our present surveys (supported by ob-servations of the local people in last years,but officially published nowhere) and D.A.Scott’s observations in the 1970s showthat this owl species winters from mid-autumn to late winter seasons at this areaof southeast Iran. However after record ofabout 40 individuals on 28 December

Page 64: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1064

è 18 ìàðòà 2007 ã., íî ïòèöû îòñóòñòâîâà-ëè â àïðåëå.

 70-õ ãîäàõ Äåðåê À. Ñêîòò (Derek A. Scott)(in litt. to A. Khaleghizadeh) âñòðå÷àë îäíóïòèöó â îáùåñòâåííîì ñàäó â Çàáîëå, Ñåé-ñòàí, 25 îêòÿáðÿ 1975 ã. è, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå,÷åòûð¸õ – â ñàäàõ Çàáîëà 17 ÿíâàðÿ 1976 ã.

Íàøå íàñòîÿùåå èññëåäîâàíèå (ïîäòâåð-æä¸ííîå â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû îôèöèàëüíî íåîïóáëèêîâàííûìè íàáëþäåíèÿìè ìåñòíûõæèòåëåé) è íàáëþäåíèÿ Ä.À. Ñêîòòà â 70-õãîäàõ ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî óøàñòàÿ ñîâà çèìó-åò ñ ñåðåäèíû îñåíè äî ïîçäíåé çèìû â ýòîìðàéîíå þãî-âîñòî÷íîãî Èðàíà. Îäíàêî ñî-êðàùåíèå ÷èñëà äåðåâüåâ â ðåçóëüòàòå íå-äàâíåé çàñóõè ìîæåò ïîíèçèòü ÷èñëåííîñòüýòîé ñîâû â ïîñëåäóþùèå ãîäû ïî ñðàâíå-íèþ ñ ðåãèñòðàöèåé 40 îñîáåé 28 äåêàá-ðÿ 2006 ã.

2006, recent decrease in number of Popo-lus euphratica trees, in result of drought,may decrease number of these owls in thefuture years.

References

Erard C., Etchecopar R.E. Contribution al’etude des oiseux d’Iran. – Memoires duMuseum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Se-rie. A: Zoologie. 1970. 64: 146. Paris.

Mansoori J. A field guide to the birds ofIran. Zehn-Aviz Publishing, Tehran. 2001. [InPersian]

Zarudnyi N.A. Verzeichnis der VogelPersiens. – Journal fur Ornithologie. 1911.59: 185–241.

Êîíòàêò:

Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: +7 (831) 433 38 [email protected]Ìèõàèë Êîðåïîâ[email protected]Àíàòîëèé Ëåâèí[email protected]

Contact:

Igor KaryakinCenter of Field StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: +7 (831) 433 38 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

New�Records�of�the�Long-eared�Owl�Breeding�in�Kazakhstan

НОВЫЕДАННЫЕОГНЕЗДОВАНИИУШАСТОЙСОВЫВКАЗАХСТАНЕ

Karyakin�I.V.�(Center�for�Field�Studies,�N.Novgorod,�Russia)

Korepov�M.V.�(Simbirsk�Biodiversity�Research�Society,�Ulyanovsk,�Russia)

Levin�A.S.�(Institute�of�Zoology,�Ministry�of�Education�and�Sciences,�Almaty,

Kazakhstan)

Каря�ин�И.В.�(Центр�полевых�исследований,�Н.Нов�ород,�Россия)

Корепов�М.В.�(Симбирс�ое�общество�из�чения�биоразнообразия,�Ульяновс�,

Россия)

Левин�А.С.�(Инстит�т�зооло�ии,�Министерство�образования�и�на��и,�Алматы,

Казахстан)

 ïîñëåäíåé ñâîäêå ïî ïòèöàì Ñðåäíåé Àçèèèíôîðìàöèÿ î ãíåçäîâàíèè óøàñòîé ñîâû(Asio otus) â Êàñïèéñêî-Àðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíåè â çàïàäíîì è ñåâåðíîì Ïðèáàëõàøüå îò-ñóòñòâóåò (Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé, Ðóñòàìîâ, 2007),ïîýòîìó ñîáðàííûé íàìè â 2003–2007 ãã.ìàòåðèàë èíòåðåñåí äëÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ îáùåéêàðòèíû ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ äàííîãî âèäà âÀçèè.

 2003 ã. óøàñòàÿ ñîâà áûëàâïåðâûå âñòðå÷åíà íà ÷èíêàõïëàòî Óñòþðò: 25 àïðåëÿ íà çà-ïàäíîì ÷èíêå ïëàòî â 17 êìñåâåðî-çàïàäíåå ñ. Ñàé-Óòåñâñïóãíóòà îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà,ñêðûâàâøàÿñÿ â ðàñùåëèíå

Ïòåíåö óøàñòîé ñîâû (Asio otus) âãíåçäå. 18.05.2004. Ïëàòî Óñòþðò,Êàçàõñòàí. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Chick of the Long-eared Owl (Asio

otus) in nest. 18/05/2004. Usturt Pla-teau, Kazakhstan. Photos by I. Karyakin

There is no information about the Long-earedOwl (Asio otus) breeding in the Caspian-Aralregion and the western and northern Bal-hash Lake region in the latest check-list ofbirds of the Middle Asia (Mitropolskiy, Rus-tamov, 2007), therefore the data that we col-lected in 2003–2007 may be interesting forunderstanding the distribution of the spe-cies in Asia.

Page 65: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 65

ñòåíû óùåëüÿ; 28 àïðåëÿ íàñåâåðíîì ÷èíêå â óðî÷èùåÌûíñóàëìàñ îáíàðóæåíîãíåçäî óøàñòîé ñîâû â ïîñò-ðîéêå ñîðîêè (Pica pica) íàëîõå (Elaegnus angustifolium),â êîòîðîì ïòèöà íàñèæèâàëàêëàäêó; 30 àïðåëÿ íà ÷èíêå Äîíûç-Òàó âóðî÷èùå Êóðóñàé îáíàðóæåíî êàê ìèíè-ìóì äâà ó÷àñòêà ñîâ, íà îäíîì èç êîòîðûõèç-ïîä ñòàðîé ïîñòðîéêè ìîãèëüíèêà (Aqu-ila heliaca), ðàñïîëàãàâøåéñÿ íà âåðøèíåëîõà â âåðõíåé ÷àñòè ÷èíêà, âñïóãíóòàâçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà, à íà äðóãîì îáíàðóæåíîãíåçäî ñ 4 ïóõîâèêàìè â âîçðàñòå 2–3-õäíåé â ïîñòðîéêå ñîðîêè íà ëîõå.

 2004 ã. áûëî ïîäòâåðæäåíî ãíåçäîâà-íèå óøàñòîé ñîâû íà ñåâåðíîì ÷èíêå ïëà-òî Óñòþðò, è îáíàðóæåíû íîâûå òî÷êè îáè-òàíèÿ âèäà (Ëåâèí, Êàðÿêèí, 2005).Âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà âñòðå÷åíà 27 àïðåëÿ â äðå-âåñíî-êóñòàðíèêîâûõ çàðîñëÿõ óð. Êûçûë-æîë íà ïðèìîðñêîì ÷èíêå ñåâåðíîé ÷àñ-òè ï-îâà Ìàíãûøëàê, åù¸ îäíó ïòèöóíàáëþäàëè íî÷üþ â äîëèíå ñîë¸íîé ðå÷êèñåâåðíåå ï. Òàó÷èê 3 ìàÿ. Ãíåçäî óøàñòîéñîâû, ðàñïîëàãàâøååñÿ â òîé æå ïîñòðîé-êå ñîðîêè, ÷òî è â 2003 ã., îáíàðóæåíî âóðî÷èùå Ìûíñóàëìàñ: â ãíåçäå 18 ìàÿ íà-õîäèëèñü äâà îïåðÿþùèõñÿ ïòåíöà, ãîòîâûõïîêèíóòü ãíåçäî, è äâà íåîïëîäîòâîðåííûõÿéöà (ðàçìåðû ÿèö: 39,5õ33,2; 40,0õ32,8ìì). Äâà ãíåçäà óøàñòûõ ñîâ, áëèç îäíîãîèç êîòîðûõ äåðæàëèñü 4 ñë¸òêà, îáíàðóæå-íû 22 ìàÿ 2004 ã. â ïîñòðîéêàõ ñîðîê íàèâàõ (Salix sp.), ïðîèçðàñòàþùèõ â ïîäíî-æèè ÷èíêîâ âîçâûøåííîñòåé Êîëåíêåëè èÆåëüòàó. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, çà äâà ïîëåâûõñåçîíà óøàñòàÿ ñîâà áûëà îáíàðóæåíà íà÷èíêàõ ïëàòî ïî âñåìó âîñòî÷íîìó ïîáå-ðåæüþ Êàñïèÿ – âåçäå, ãäå èìååòñÿ äðåâåñ-íî-êóñòàðíèêîâàÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü.

Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî èìåííî íàëè÷èåäåðåâüåâ è êóñòàðíèêîâ îïðåäåëÿåò ðàñ-ïðîñòðàíåíèå óøàñòîé ñîâû íà ãíåçäîâà-íèè â Àçèè (Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé, Ðóñòàìîâ,2007), â Êàñïèéñêî-Àðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíåâèä ãíåçäèòñÿ è íà òåððèòîðèÿõ, ëèø¸ííûõäðåâåñíî-êóñòàðíèêîâîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè, âñòåíàõ îáðûâîâ. Âî âïàäèíå Êàðàãèå â íî÷ü6/7 àïðåëÿ 2004 ã. ïðèøëîñü ñëûøàòü òîê3-õ ñàìöîâ óøàñòîé ñîâû â 300–400-õ ì

The first record of the Long-eared Owl wasin cliff-faces of the Usturt Plateau in 2003.We confirmed the fact of the Long-earedOwl breeding in northern cliff-faces of theUsturt Plateau and found new inhabitantplaces of the species (Levin, Karyakin, 2005).The main part of pairs occupied nests ofmagpies (Pica pica) on Elaegnus sp. and Sa-lix sp. Also the Long-eared Owl’s nestingwas registered in niches of cliff-faces of theKaragie Depression and along the Aral Sea.

The breeding density of the species is0.72/100 km of cliff-faces. We project 50–60 pairs of owls to breed in the Kazakhstanpart of the Aral-Caspian region with the to-tal length of cliff-faces of 8085 km. We re-vealed two main reasons limited the numberof the species: the lack of nesting sites (bush-es) and the high number of raptors that preyon owls.

At the Balkhash Lake region the Long-eared Owl was recognized as a breedingspecies only for the southern part (Mitropol-skiy, Rustamov, 2007). We found remainsof owls three times at the northern cliff-fac-es of Betpak-Dala in 2005 and 2007 andobserved adults in the Sara-Su river flood-land, however no facts of breeding have reg-istered up to the recent time.

We found the first nest of the Long-earedOwl at the Kazakh Upland on 30 April 2007.It was located in a nest of magpie on theaspen (Populus tremula). Also two nests andadults at 3 breeding territories were record-ed in the region on 1–13 May.

We found the Long-eared Owl is typical butsufficient rare breeding species of aspen for-ests at granite mountains of the far south ofthe Kazakh Upland. The breeding density ofthe species is 0.94 pair per 1 km2 of breedingterritories and 1.16 pairs/100 km2 of the totalterritory. A total of 100–130 pairs are estimat-ed to breed on the territory of the left side ofthe Sara-Su river upper reaches (Kazakh Up-land) that is 9899.77 km2.

Ãíåçäî óøàñòîé ñîâû íà ñòåíå îáðû-âà. 07.04.2004. Âïàäèíà Êàðàãèå, Êà-çàõñòàí. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Long-eared Owl oncliff-face. 07/04/2004. Karagie depres-sion, Kazakhstan. Photos by I. Karyakin

Page 66: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1066

äðóã îò äðóãà, à 7 àïðåëÿ óäàëîñü îáíàðó-æèòü ãíåçäî óøàñòîé ñîâû â ðàñùåëèíå ñòå-íû ÷èíêà. Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ñòàðîéïîñòðîéêå âîðîíà (Corvus corvus) íà âû-ñîòå 20 ì â 1,5 ì îò âåðõà, è â í¸ì ñàìêàíàñèæèâàëà êëàäêó. Åù¸ îäíî æèëîå ãíåç-äî, óñòðîåííîå àíàëîãè÷íûì îáðàçîì,áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 18 àïðåëÿ 2005 ã. íàîáðûâàõ çàë. Áóòàêîâà (Àðàëüñêîå ìîðå).

Çà 4 ãîäà ðàáîòû â ðåãèîíå îñòàíêè óøà-ñòîé ñîâû áûëè îáíàðóæåíû â ãíåçäå áåð-êóòà (Aquila chrysaetos), 2-õ ãíåçäàõ ìîãèëü-íèêà, 2-õ ãíåçäàõ êóðãàííèêà (Buteorufinus), 4-õ ãíåçäàõ áàëîáàíà (Falcocherrug), 12-òè ãíåçäàõ ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo)è ïîä 4 ïðèñàäàìè õèùíûõ ïòèö. Ò.å. îñ-òàíêè óøàñòîé ñîâû ìû íàõîäèëè áîëåå ÷åìâ 2 ðàçà ÷àùå, ÷åì âñòðå÷àëè ñàìèõ ñîâ.

Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îáñëåäîâàííûõ ÷èíêîâñîñòàâèëà 1797 êì. Ïëîòíîñòü óøàñòîéñîâû ïî ãí¸çäàì è âñòðå÷àì, êîòîðûå ìîæ-íî èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü êàê ãíåçäîâûå, îï-ðåäåëåíà â 0,72 ïàðû/100 êì îáðûâîâ.Ïðè ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè îáðûâîâ â êàçàõñòàí-ñêîé ÷àñòè Êàñïèéñêî-Àðàëüñêîãî ðåãèî-íà â 8065 êì ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü çäåñüãíåçäîâàíèå íå ìåíåå 50–60 ïàð óøàñòûõñîâ. Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè, åñòåñòâåííî,çàíèæåíà, òàê êàê ñïåöèàëüíûõ ó÷¸òîâ óøà-ñòîé ñîâû íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè íå ïðî-âîäèëîñü, êàê è ñïåöèàëüíîãî ïîèñêà å¸ãí¸çä. Îäíàêî ýòó îöåíêó ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòüíåêîé îòïðàâíîé òî÷êîé â äàëüíåéøåì èñ-ñëåäîâàíèè âèäà íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè.Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî â ãîäû îáèëèÿ ìåë-êèõ ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ ÷èñëåííîñòüóøàñòîé ñîâû íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ðåãèîíåìîæåò óâåëè÷èâàòüñÿ íà ïîðÿäîê, íî, òåìíå ìåíåå, îíà áóäåò îñòàâàòüñÿ ðåäêîé.Åñòü äâå îñíîâíûå ïðè÷èíû, îáóñëàâëèâà-þùèå ðåäêîñòü âèäà: ëèìèò îïòèìàëüíûõãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, êîèìè ÿâëÿþò-ñÿ äðåâåñíî-êóñòàðíèêîâûå íàñàæäåíèÿ, èâûñîêàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áîëåå êðóïíûõ õèù-íèêîâ, äîáûâàþùèõ óøàñòóþ ñîâó.

Äëÿ Ïðèáàëõàøüÿ óøàñòàÿ ñîâà óêàçûâà-åòñÿ â êà÷åñòâå ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ âèäà ëèøü äëÿþæíîé ÷àñòè, ãäå îíà ðàçìíîæàåòñÿ â ïîé-ìàõ ðåê (Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé, Ðóñòàìîâ, 2007).Ìû òðèæäû íàõîäèëè îñòàíêè óøàñòîéñîâû íà ñåâåðíîì ÷èíêå Áåòïàê-Äàëû â2005 è 2007 ãã., à âèçóàëüíî âçðîñëûõ ïòèöíàáëþäàëè â ïîéìå Ñàðû-Ñó, îäíàêî ãíåç-äîâàíèå å¸ çäåñü äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíèíå óñòàíîâëåíî, õîòÿ è âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî.

 íîðìå óøàñòàÿ ñîâà ãíåçäèòñÿ â êîëêî-âûõ ëåñàõ Êàçàõñêîãî ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà,îäíàêî äëÿ êðàéíåãî þãà ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà(ëåâîáåðåæíàÿ ÷àñòü áàññåéíà Ñàðû-Ñó âå¸ âåðõîâüÿõ) èíôîðìàöèÿ î å¸ ãíåçäîâà-íèè äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè îòñóòñòâîâà-ëà. Ïåðâîå ãíåçäî óøàñòîé ñîâû â äàííîìðåãèîíå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî íàìè 30 àïðå-ëÿ 2007 ã. â îñèíîâîì êîëêå â óùåëüå ãðà-íèòíîãî ìàññèâà â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Àòàñó áëèçã. Àêòàó. Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ïîñòðîéêåñîðîêè íà îñèíå (Populus tremula) íà âû-ñîòå 3-õ ì. Ñàìêà ïëîòíî ñèäåëà íà êëàä-êå. Åù¸ äâà æèëûõ ãíåçäà â ýòîì æå ðàéî-íå, ðàñïîëàãàâøèåñÿ íà îñèíàõ âïîñòðîéêàõ ñîðîêè è âîðîíû (Corvuscornix), îáíàðóæåíû 1 è 5 ìàÿ 2007 ã. ñî-îòâåòñòâåííî, à 7 ìàÿ óäàëîñü íàáëþäàòüâçðîñëóþ ïòèöó íà åù¸ îäíîì ó÷àñòêå.Âçðîñëûå ïòèöû íàáëþäàëèñü òàêæå â êîë-êàõ ãðàíèòíûõ ìàññèâîâ Ñåâ. Êûçûëòàó èÎðòàó 11 è 13 ìàÿ 2007 ã., íî ãí¸çä çäåñüíàéäåíî íå áûëî.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, óøàñòàÿ ñîâà îêàçàëàñüõàðàêòåðíûì, íî äîñòàòî÷íî ðåäêèì ãíåç-äÿùèìñÿ âèäîì îñèíîâûõ êîëêîâ ãðàíèò-íûõ ìàññèâîâ êðàéíåãî þãà Êàçàõñêîãîìåëêîñîïî÷íèêà.  2007 ã. íàìè áûëà îá-ñëåäîâàíà òåððèòîðèÿ ïëîùàäüþ 516,89êì2, íà êîòîðîé ëåñà çàíèìàþò 24,46 êì2,èç êîòîðûõ ëèøü 6,37 êì2 íå ïðîéäåíûïîæàðàìè è ïðèãîäíû äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿóøàñòîé ñîâû. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîâû ïî ó÷¸òóâñåõ ðåãèñòðàöèé ñîñòàâèëà 0,94 ïàðû/ êì2

ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäè è 1,16 ïàð/100êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. ×èñëåííîñòü óøàñòîéñîâû äëÿ òåððèòîðèè Êàçàõñêîãî ìåëêîñî-ïî÷íèêà â ëåâîáåðåæíîé ÷àñòè áàññåéíàÑàðû-Ñó â å¸ âåðõîâüÿõ (9899,77 êì2) îöå-íåíà â 100–130 ïàð.

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Ëåâèí À.Ñ., Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ðåçóëüòàòû ýêñïå-äèöèè íà Ìàíãûøëàê è Óñòþðò â 2004 ã. – Êà-çàõñòàíñêèé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèé áþëëåòåíü2004. Àëìàòû: «Tethys», 2005. Ñ. 14–19.

Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé Î.Â., Ðóñòàìîâ À.Ê. Óøàñòàÿñîâà Asio otus Linnaeus, 1758. – Ïòèöû Ñðåä-íåé Àçèè (â 5 òîìàõ). Ò.1. Àëìàòû, 2007. C. 431–438.

Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà â ãíåçäå.30.04.2007. Âåðõîâüÿð. Àòàñó, Êàçàõñòàí. ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

The Long-eared Owl inthe nest. 30/04/2007.The upper reaches of theAtasu river, Kazakhstan.Photos by I. Karyakin

Page 67: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 67

 íîðìå óøàñòàÿ ñîâà (Asio otus) ãíåçäèò-ñÿ â ïîñòðîéêàõ âðàíîâûõ íà äåðåâüÿõ,îäíàêî èìåþòñÿ óêàçàíèÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèåâèäà íà çåìëå.  ÷àñòíîñòè, ïîäîáíàÿ èí-

Êîíòàêò:

Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: +7 (831) 433 38 [email protected]Àíäðåé Êîâàëåíêî[email protected]Ëþäìèëà Íîâèêîâà[email protected]

Contact:

Igor KaryakinCenter of Field StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: +7 (831) 433 38 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Ãíåçäî óøàñòîé ñîâû (Asio otus) íà çåìëå. 20.05.2006.

Ìóãîäæàðû, Êàçàõñòàí. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) on the

ground. 20/05/2006. Mugodzhary Mountains, Kaza-

khstan. Photos by I. Karyakin

The�Fact�of�Nesting�of�the�Long-eared�Owl�on�the�Ground

О�ГНЕЗДОВАНИИ�УШАСТОЙ�СОВЫ�НА�ЗЕМЛЕ

Karyakin�I.V.�(Center�for�Field�Studies,�N.Novgorod,�Russia)

Kovalenko�A.V.�(Institute�of�Ecological�Researches,�Almaty,�Kazakhstan)

Novikova�L.M.�(State�Nature�Reserve�«Kerzhensky»,�N.Novgorod,�Russia)

Каря�ин�И.В.�(Центр�полевых�исследований,�Россия,�Н.Нов�ород)

Ковален�о�А.В.�(Инстит�т�э�оло�ичес�их�исследований,�Казахстан,�Алматы)

Нови�ова�Л.М.�(Керженс�ий�заповедни�,�Россия,�Н.Нов�ород)

A nest of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus)contained the clutch with 2 eggs was foundon the ground in the Mugodzhary Moun-tains (Kazakhstan) on 20 May 2006.

ôîðìàöèÿ áåç êàêîé-ëèáî êîíêðåòèçàöèèèìååòñÿ ó Ã.Ï. Äåìåíòüåâà (1951). Ïî ñî-îáùåíèþ Ñ.Í. Åðîõîâà, â ïîéìå ð. Êóðòû(Êàçàõñòàí), íåäàëåêî îò êîëîíèè ãðà÷åé,26 àïðåëÿ 1989 ã. íàéäåíî ãíåçäî ñ 6 ñâå-æèìè ÿéöàìè, ðàñïîëàãàâøååñÿ íà ñêëîíåáóãðà ïîä êóñòîì ñóõîãî ïåðåêàòè-ïîëÿ(Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé, Ðóñòàìîâ, 2007).

Íàìè ãíåçäî óøàñòîé ñîâû ñ íåïîëíîéêëàäêîé èç 2-õ ÿèö, ðàñïîëàãàâøååñÿ íàçåìëå, îáíàðóæåíî â öåíòðå íåáîëüøîãî÷àñòè÷íî çàáîëî÷åííîãî îñèíîâî-áåðåçî-âîãî êîëêà â Ìóãîäàæðàõ (Êàçàõñòàí) 20ìàÿ 2006 ã. Ãíåçäî áûëî óñòðîåíî ïîäóïàâøèì ñòâîëîì íåáîëüøîé îñèíû. Íàñè-æèâàþùàÿ ïòèöà âûäåðæàëà äèñòàíöèþ äîïîëóìåòðà è, áóäó÷è âñïóãíóòîé, ñêðûëàñüâ ñîñåäíåì êîëêå.  ðàäèóñå 50 ì îò ãíåç-

äà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü 3 ðàçðóøåííûå ïîñòðîé-êè ñîðîê (Pica pica), â îäíîé èç êîòîðûõðàçìíîæåíèå óøàñòîé ñîâû ïðîèñõîäèëîãîäîì ðàíüøå.

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Îòðÿä õèùíûå ïòèöû. – Ïòè-öû Ñîâåòñêîãî Ñîþçà. Ì.: Ñîâåòñêàÿ íàóêà,1951. Ò.1. Ñ. 70–341.

Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé Î.Â., Ðóñòàìîâ À.Ê. Óøàñ-òàÿ ñîâà Asio otus Linnaeus, 1758. – ÏòèöûÑðåäíåé Àçèè (â 5 òîìàõ). Ò.1. Àëìàòû, 2007.C. 431–438.

Page 68: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1068

Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops) â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îá-ëàñòè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãíåçäÿùèìñÿ ïåðåë¸òíûì âè-äîì, îäíàêî î íàõîäêàõ æèëûõ ãí¸çä â ëèòå-ðàòóðå íå ñîîáùàåòñÿ (Áàêêà è äð., 2006).

 Âîëîäàðñêîì ðàéîíå 1 èþëÿ 2007 ã.áûë âñòðå÷åí òîêóþùèé ñàìåö ñïëþøêè.Íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü, 2 èþëÿ â õîäå îáñëåäî-âàíèÿ âûÿâëåííîãî ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêàáûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî ñïëþøêè. Îíîðàñïîëàãàëîñü â äóïëå, âûäîëáëåííîìäÿòëîì, â îáëîìàííîì íàêëîíåííîì ñòâî-ëå ñóõîé 11-òè ìåòðîâîé ñîñíû íà âûñî-òå 7 ì. Ãíåçäîâîå äåðåâî ðàñïîëàãàëîñüñðåäè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà íà áåðåãó îçåðà Åëî-âîå (N 56,3535 E 42,76994).

Ïðè ïðèáëèæåíèè ê ãíåçäó ñàìêà âûëå-òåëà è ñòàëà íàáëþäàòü çà íèì, ñèäÿ ðÿäîì.Íî÷üþ âçðîñëûå ïòèöû ïðèñàæèâàëèñü íàêðàé ëåòêà, âåðîÿòíî, êîðìÿ ïòåíöîâ.

Äàííàÿ íàõîäêà ïîäòâåðæäàåò ñòàòóññïëþøêè êàê ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïòèöû Íèæåãî-ðîäñêîé îáëàñòè.

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Êèñåëåâà Í.Þ.,

Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. Íîâûå äàííûå î ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèè è ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîâ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà.

2006. ¹5. Ñ. 22–36.

Êîíòàêò:

Àëåêñåé Ëåâàøêèí

ÍÍÃÓ

Ðîññèÿ, Í.Íîâãîðîä

óë. Áîí÷-Áðóåâè÷à, 1-56

òåë.: (831) 464 30 96

[email protected]

Contact:

Alexey Levashkin

N.Novgorod State

University

Bonch-Bruevich str., 1-56

N.Novgorod, Russia

tel.: (831) 464 30 96

[email protected]

Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops) â ãíåçäå. Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà

Scops Owl (Otus scops) in the nest. Photo by A. Le-

vashkin

The first nest (N 56.3535 E 42.76994) of theScops Owl (Otus scops) for the N.Novgoroddistrict was found in the Volodarsk regionon 2 June 2007. It was placed in the hollowof the broken inclined trunk of a dry 11 mpine tree on height 7 m. The tree with thenest was located in the pine forest on a bankof the Elovoe Lake.

The�First�Record�of�the�Scops�Owl’s�Nest�in�N.Novgorod�District,

Russia

ПЕРВАЯ�НАХОДКА�ГНЕЗДА�СПЛЮШКИ�В�НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙОБЛАСТИ,�РОССИЯ

Levashkin�A.P.�(N.Novgorod�State�University,�N.Novgorod,�Russia)

Леваш�ин�А.П.�(Ниже�ородс�ий��ос�дарственный��ниверситет,�Нижний�Нов�ород,

Россия)

Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops) èçðåäêà íàáëþäàëàñüáëèç Òþìåíè, îäíàêî å¸ ãíåçäîâàíèå çäåñüäî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè íå áûëî óñòàíîâ-ëåíî. Îêîëî ä. Ïàäåðèíà íà êðàþ ñìåøàí-íîãî ëåñà (N 57,083 E 65,478) 26 èþëÿ2007 ã. îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî ñïëþøêè, ðàñ-ïîëàãàâøååñÿ â åñòåñòâåííîì äóïëå áåð¸-çû íà âûñîòå 6 ì.  äóïëå íàõîäèëèñü 3ïòåíöà â ìåçîïòèëå.

Êîíòàêò:

Àëåêñàíäð Ìîøêèí

[email protected]

Contact:

Alex Moshkin

[email protected]

The first nest (N 57.083 E 65.478) of theScops Owl (Otus scops) for the Tumendistrict was found in 26 July 2007. It wasplaced in the hollow of a birch tree on height6 m. In hollow were observed 3 chicks.

The�First�Record�of�the�Scops�Owl’s�Nest�Near�Tumen,�Russia

ПЕРВАЯ�НАХОДКА�ГНЕЗДА�СПЛЮШКИ�БЛИЗ�ТЮМЕНИ,�РОССИЯ

Moshkin�A.V.�(Center�for�Field�Studies,�Kurgan,�Russia)

Мош�ин�А.В.�(Центр�полевых�исследований,�К�р�ан,�Россия)

Page 69: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

New Publications and Videos Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 69

New� Publications� and� Videos

НОВЫЕ�ПУБЛИКАЦИИ�И�ФИЛЬМЫ

Ñîñòîÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé õèùíûõ ïòèö âÂîñòî÷íîé Ôåííîñêàíäèè. Ìàòåðèàëûñåìèíàðà, Êîñòîìóêøà, Ðîññèÿ, 8–10íîÿáðÿ 2005. Ðåä. Ï. Êîñêèìèåñ, Í.Â.Ëàïøèí. Ïåòðîçàâîäñê, 2006. 184 ñ.

Ñáîðíèê ìàòåðèàëîâ ñåìèíàðà ñîäåðæèòñòàòüè íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå, ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî ïî îðëàíó-áåëîõâîñòó (Haliaeetusalbicilla), ñêîïå (Pandion haliaetus), êðå÷å-òó (Falco rusticolus) è ñàïñàíó (Falco pere-grinus). Ñîäåðæàíèå ñáîðíèêà ðàçìåùå-íî íà ñàéòå Êàðåëüñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðàÐîññèéñêîé Àêàäåìèè íàóê8. Çäåñü æå äî-ñòóïåí äëÿ ñêà÷èâàíèÿ âåñü ñáîðíèê âôîðìàòå .pdf9.

Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî êëþ÷åâûì îðíèòîëî-ãè÷åñêèì òåððèòîðèÿì â Êàçàõñòàíå èÑðåäíåé Àçèè. Ðåä. Ñ.Ë. Ñêëÿðåíêî. – Àë-ìàòû, 2006. 227 ñ. (ISBN 9965–25–293–9).

 ñáîðíèêå ïðåäñòàâëåíû ìàòåðèàëû,ïîëó÷åííûå â õîäå âûïîëíåíèÿ ïðîãðàì-ìû ïî êëþ÷åâûì îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèì òåð-ðèòîðèÿì â Êàçàõñòàíå è Ñðåäíåé Àçèè.Áîëüøóþ ÷àñòü êíèãè çàíèìàþò äàííûå êîïèñàíèþ 25 êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõòåððèòîðèé â Êàçàõñòàíå, èçëîæåííûå ïîåäèíîìó ïëàíó.  ðàçäåëå «Ñîñòîÿíèå ïî-ïóëÿöèé íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ ïòèö» ñîáðàíûìàòåðèàëû ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè è ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèþ ñòåðâÿòíèêà (Neophron percnopte-rus), ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis), ñòåï-íîãî ëóíÿ (Circus macrourus) è ðÿäà äðóãèõðåäêèõ âèäîâ. Âêëþ÷åíû òàêæå ñòàòüè îâîçìîæíîñòÿõ çàêîíîäàòåëüíîé îõðàíûÊÎÒð â Êàçàõñòàíå.

Ñòîèìîñòü êíèãè – 50 ðóáëåé, èëè 250 òåí-ãå, ïëþñ ñòîèìîñòü ïåðåñûëêè. Êîíòàêò (10).

Ïòèöû Ñðåäíåé Àçèè (â 5 òîìàõ). Òîì1. Àëìàòû, 2007. 574 ñ. (áèáë. 1445 íàçâ.,èëë. 251, òàáë. 2). Ðåäàêòîðû òîìà – àêàä.À.Ê. Ðóñòàìîâ è ïðîô. À.Ô. Êîâøàðü. (ISBN9965–25–294–7).

Ãåîãðàôè÷åñêè ñâîäêà îõâàòûâàåò Ñðåä-íþþ Àçèþ â êëàññè÷åñêîì ïîíèìàíèè, òî

Status of Raptor Populations in EasternFennoscandia. Proceedings of the Work-shop, Kostomuksha, Karelia, Russia, No-vember 8–10, 2005 / Editors: P. Koskimies,N.V. Lapshin. Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS,2006. 184 p.

Proceedings of the Workshop consists ofpapers (in English) on the White-tailed Ea-gle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Osprey (Pandionhaliaetus), Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) andPeregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Con-tents of proceeding are available on theweb-site of the Karelian Research Centre ofthe Russian Academy of Sciences8. Also thebook can be downloaded in .pdf format9.

Research of Important Bird Areas in Ka-zakhstan and Middle Asia. / Editor: S.L.Sklyarenko. – Almaty, 2006. 227 p. (ISBN9965–25–293–9).

There is information collected within theproject of Important Bird Areas in Kaza-khstan and Middle Asia. The great part ofthe book is descriptions of 25 IBAs in Kaza-khstan. The chapter «Population status ofsome bird species» presents information onnumber and distribution of Egyptian Vulture(Neophron percnopterus), Steppe Eagle(Aquila nipalensis), Pallid Harrier (Circusmacrourus) and other rare species. Alsothere are papers about possibilities of legis-lative conservation measures of IBAs in Ka-zakstan.

Price – 50 Rubles or 250 KZT + post costs.Contact (10).

The Birds of Middle Asia (in 5 volumes).Volume 1. Almaty, 2007 574 p. Editors –Rustamov A.K. and Kovshar A.F. (ISBN9965–25–294–7).

The first volume of the monograph con-tains data on the distribution and biology of119 bird species from 14 Orders: Gavii-formes, Podicipediformes, Pelecaniformes,Ciconiiformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Anser-iformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, Cuculi-

Books

КНИГИ

8 http://www.krc.karelia.ru/publ.php?id=2396&plang=r9 http://www.krc.karelia.ru/doc_download.php?id=723&table_name=publ&table_ident=2396

(10) Êîíòàêò:

Ñåðãåé ÑêëÿðåíêîÀññîöèàöèÿ ñîõðàíå-íèÿ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿÊàçàõñòàíà (ÀÑÁÊ)050043 ÊàçàõñòàíÀëìàòûóë. Îðáèòà–1îôôèñ 203, 40òåë./ôàêñ: 007 3272203877ìîá.: 007 300 [email protected]

(10) Contact:

Sergey L. SklyarenkoAssociation for theConservation ofBiodiversity inKazakhstan (ACBK)off. 203, 40, Orbita–1Almaty 050043Republic of Kazakhstantel./fax: 007 3272 203877mob.: 007 300 [email protected]_0509.jpg

Page 70: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìûÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2007, 1070

(13) Contact:

Arend WassinkPostweg 641795 JR De Cocksdorp,Texel, The [email protected]

åñòü Òóðêìåíèñòàí, Óçáåêèñòàí, Òàäæèêèñ-òàí, Êèðãèçñòàí è þæíóþ ïîëîâèíó Êàçàõ-ñòàíà äî ïðèìåðíî 470 ñ.ø. Ïåðâûé òîìñîäåðæèò îïèñàíèå 119 âèäîâ ïòèö èç 14îòðÿäîâ: ãàãàðîîáðàçíûå, ïîãàíêîîáðàç-íûå, âåñëîíîãèå, ãîëåíàñòûå, ôëàìèíãî,ãóñåîáðàçíûå, êóðîîáðàçíûå, æóðàâëåîá-ðàçíûå, êóêóøêîîáðàçíûå, ñîâîîáðàçíûå,êîçîäîåîáðàçíûå, ñòðèæåîáðàçíûå, ðàê-øåîáðàçíûå è óäîäîîáðàçíûå. Ïî êàæäî-ìó âèäó ïðèâîäÿòñÿ äàííûå î ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèè (ñ êàðòîé) è õàðàêòåðå ïðåáûâàíèÿíà òåððèòîðèè Ñðåäíåé Àçèè, ñðîêàõ ôå-íîëîãè÷åñêèõ ÿâëåíèé, âêëþ÷àÿ ìèãðàöèèè ðàçìíîæåíèå, î ïëîäîâèòîñòè è ïèòàíèè,ñóòî÷íîé è ñåçîííîé àêòèâíîñòè è äð. Äàíûêðàòêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè îòðÿäîâ. Êíèãàñíàáæåíà ñïèñêîì èñïîëüçîâàííîé ëèòå-ðàòóðû è óêàçàòåëÿìè íàçâàíèé ïòèö íàëàòûíè, ðóññêîì, êàçàõñêîì, óçáåêñêîì,êèðãèçñêîì, òóðêìåíñêîì è òàäæèêñêîìÿçûêàõ.

Öåíà êíèãè 2000 òåíãå (16 äîëëàðîâ,12,5 Åâðî èëè 400 ðîññèéñêèõ ðóáëåé).Âîçìîæíà âûñûëêà êíèãè ïî ïî÷òå ñ ïðåä-âàðèòåëüíûì ñîãëàñîâàíèåì äåòàëåé ïîýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òå (11) è ïðåäîïëàòîéïî÷òîâûì ïåðåâîäîì (12).

Âàññèíê A. è Îðååë Äæ. Ïòèöû Êàçàõ-ñòàíà. 2007. 288 ñ. ISBN 978–90–811462–1–0.

Ýòà ïîëíîöâåòíàÿ êíèãà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîñëå-äíåé ñâîäêîé ïî àâèôàóíå Êàçàõñòàíà èñîäåðæèò èíôîðìàöèþ î ñòàòóñå, ìåñòàõîáèòàíèÿ, ðàñïðåäåëåíèè è ìèãðàöèÿõ 498âèäîâ ïòèö, âñòðå÷åííûõ â Êàçàõñòàíå çàïåðèîä äî íà÷àëà 2007 ã. Áîëåå ÷åì 900êàðò èëëþñòðèðóþò ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå êàæ-äîãî âèäà ïî ïîäâèäàì. Äëÿ ðÿäà âèäîâïðèâîäÿòñÿ öâåòíûå ôîòîãðàôèè.

Êíèãà «Ïòèöû Êàçàõñòàíà» ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðâîéñâîäêîé íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå, ñóùåñòâåííûìâêëàäîì â ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå èíôîðìàöèè îïòèöàõ Êàçàõñòàíà è Ñðåäíåé Àçèè, è áóäåòèíòåðåñíà ìíîãèì ëþáèòåëÿì ïòèö è îð-íèòîëîãàì, ðàáîòàþùèì â Êàçàõñòàíå.

Öåíà, âêëþ÷àÿ ïåðåñûëêó, 49.50 Åâðîäëÿ Íèäåðëàíäîâ è 55.00 Åâðî äëÿ îñòàëü-íûõ ñòðàí ìèðà10. Êîíòàêò (13).

formes, Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes,Apodiformes, Coraciiformes and Upupi-formes. Information about the distributionof each species found in the Middle Asiaterritory (with map), seasonal activity, mi-grations, breeding, fertility, diet, daily ac-tivity and so on, is presented. Short charac-teristics of Orders are also presented. Thebook has a full Reference and index for Lat-in scientific names and for names in Rus-sian, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrghyz, Turkmen andTadjik.

Price – 2000 KZT (16 USD, 12,5 Euro, 400Rubles). The book can be sent by post withpreliminary agreement (11) and moneytransfer with postal order (12).

10 http://www.birdsofkazakhstan.com/Order.html

(11) Êîíòàêò:

Àíàòîëèé Êîâøàðü[email protected]

(11) Contact:

Anatoliy F. [email protected]

(12) Êîíòàêò:

Ðàáèãà ÁåêáîñûíîâàÈíñòèòóò çîîëîãèèëàáîðàòîðèÿîðíèòîëîãèèÊàçàõñòàíÀëìàòû 050060ïð. Àëü-Ôàðàáè, 93

(12) Contact:

Rabiga BekbosynovaInstitute of Zoologylaboratory ofornithologyAl-Farabi avenue, 93Almaty 050060Kazakhstan

Wassink, A. and Oreel, G. J. The Birds ofKazakhstan. De Cocksdorp, Texel. 2007.288 p. ISBN 978–90–811462–1–0.

This full-colour book brings together in-valuable information on status, habitats, dis-tribution and migration on the birds of Ka-zakhstan, packed into 288 pages.

All 498 species recorded in Kazakhstan(up to early 2007) are covered, and morethan 900 maps and graphs give their breed-ing and temporal distribution. The text, in-cluding the introductory chapters, is furtherillustrated by maps, watercolour paintingsand many photographs.

The Birds of Kazakhstan is an essential ref-erence for anyone with an interest in theavifauna of Kazakhstan and Central Asia.

Price (including postage and package)Euro 49.50 in The Netherlands and Euro55.00 in the rest of the world10.

Contact (13).

Page 71: Raptors Conservation 10/2007

Contents Raptors Conservation 2007, 10 71

Îòïå÷àòàíî â òèïîãðàôèè ÎÎÎ «ÀÏÄ» ñ ãîòîâîãî îðèãèíàë-ìàêåòà

603139, ã. Í. Íîâãîðîä, óë. Ãàóãåëÿ, 16–49

Ñîäåðæàíèå

Ñîáûòèÿ ................................................................. 3

Ðåçîëþöèÿ 2-é Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé Êîíôåðåíöèèïî ñîêîëó-ñàïñàíó.............................................. 10

Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ..............................14

Ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîââ èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè,Ðîññèÿ. Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Êàðÿêèí È.Â. ............... 14

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ .......................... 17

Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå, Ðîññèÿ. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. .......... 17

Ôèëèí â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ.Êàðÿêèí È.Â.,Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ. ............................. 37

Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû ëåñîñòåïåé ÂåðõíåãîÏðèàíãàðüÿ, Ðîññèÿ. Ïîïîâ Â.Â., Ìàëååâ Â.Ã..... 47

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ............................................54

Õèùíûå ïòèöû ëåñíûõ óãîäèé ìåæäóðå÷üÿ ðåêØóìáóò è Áåðñóò, Òàòàðñòàí, Ðîññèÿ.Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã. ................................................... 54

Âíåãíåçäîâûå ñêîïëåíèÿ ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíàíà þãå Ñèáèðè è â Ìîíãîëèè. Ïîïîâ Â.Â. ......... 57

Êîëîíèÿ ÷¸ðíîãî êîðøóíà íà ïîáåðåæüå Îáñêîãîâîäîõðàíèëèùà, Ðîññèÿ. Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã. ............ 59

Ïÿòü ñë¸òêîâ â âûâîäêå êðå÷åòà íà ßìàëå,Ðîññèÿ. Ìå÷íèêîâà Ñ.À., Êóäðÿâöåâ Í.Â. ........... 61

Íîâûå äàííûå î áàëîáàíå íà òåððèòîðèèÐåñïóáëèêè Ìîðäîâèÿ, Ðîññèÿ.Êîðîëüêîâ Ì.À., Ìàöûíà À.È. ........................... 62

Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå óøàñòîé ñîâû â Çàáîëå,ó Èðàíñêîé ãðàíèöû ñ Àôãàíèñòàíîìè Ïàêèñòàíîì. Ãõîëàìðåçà Íóðè, ÒàéåáåõÀðàáè, Ìàñîóä Êçàìàðè .................................... 63

Íîâûå äàííûå î ãíåçäîâàíèè óøàñòîé ñîâûâ Êàçàõñòàíå. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Êîðåïîâ Ì.Â., Ëåâèí À.Ñ. .......................................................... 64

Î ãíåçäîâàíèè óøàñòîé ñîâû íà çåìëå.................. 67

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Êîâàëåíêî À.Â., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. ..... 67

Ïåðâàÿ íàõîäêà ãíåçäà ñïëþøêè â Íèæåãîðîäñêîéîáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. ........................ 68

Ïåðâàÿ íàõîäêà ãíåçäà ñïëþøêè áëèç Òþìåíè,Ðîññèÿ. Ìîøêèí À.Â. ......................................... 68

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû ........................... 69

Ñîäåðæàíèå

Events ...................................................................... 3

2nd International Peregrine Falcon ConferenceResolutions .........................................................10

Raptors Conservation ...........................................14

Actions on Installing of Artificial Nests for Raptorsin the Samara District, Russia. Pazhenkov A.S.,Karyakin I.V. ........................................................ 14

Raptors Research.................................................. 17

Distribution and Number of the Eagle Owl in theAltai-Sayan Region, Russia. I.V. Karyakin .............17

Eagle Owl in the Samara District, Russia.Karyakin I.V., Pazhenkov A.S. .............................. 37

Birds of Prey and Owls of Forest-Steppesin the Upper Angara Region, Russia.Popov V.V., Maleev V.G. ...................................... 47

Short Reports ........................................................54

Birds of Prey of Forests Between the Shumbutand the Bersut Rivers, Tatarstan Republic,Russia. Nikolenko E.G.......................................... 54

No Breeding Concentrations of the Black-earedKite in the South of Siberia and in Mongolia.Popov V.V. ........................................................... 57

A Colony of the Black Kite at the Ob’ ReservoirTerrace, Russia. Nikolenko E.G. ........................... 59

Five Fledglings in Brood of the Gyrfalconon the Yamal Peninsula, Russia.Mechnikova S.A., Kudryavtsev N.V. .................... 61

New Records of the Saker Falcon in the Republic ofMordovia, Russia. Korolkov M.A., Matsina A.I. ... 62

Report on the Occurrence of Long-eared Owl fromZabol, Iran’s Border with Afghanistan-Pakistan.Gholamreza Noori, Tayebeh Arbabi, MasoudKhamari .............................................................. 63

New Records of the Long-eared Owl Breedingin Kazakhstan. Karyakin I.V., Korepov M.V.,Levin A.S. ........................................................... 64

The Fact of Nesting of the Long-eared Owlon the Ground. Karyakin I.V., Kovalenko A.V.,Novikova L.M. ....................................................67

The First Record of the Scops Owl’s Nest inN.Novgorod District, Russia. Levashkin A.P. ........ 68

The First Record of the Scops Owl’s Nest Near Tumen,Russia. Moshkin A.V. ...........................................68

New Publications and Videos .............................. 69

Page 72: Raptors Conservation 10/2007