rapid construction-inovative approch of prefabricated...

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RAPID CONSTRUCTION-INOVATIVE APPROCH OF

PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION Krushil K. Ponkiya

1 , Dhyey K. Shah

2, Rushabh A. Shah

3

PG. Student, SNPIT & RC, Umrakh, Gujarat, India1

PG. Student SNPIT & RC, Umrakh, Gujarat, India2

Asst. Prof., SNPIT & RC, Umrakh, Gujarat, India3

Abstract: World is moving rapidly in this 21st century. So use of technologies with time

constrain is main factor. As in this new world it value a time with the project as the project

is consist with the cost but it mainly consist with the time and quality. There are many

prospects to define a project with the resources and it value at right time to be procured, but

it also play a different role to execute the project as by using the prefab elements. The

prefab construction may go to consume less time to be finish rather than the conventional

process of construction which is beneficial to the clients as in all prospects i.e. time, cost

and quality. This research work has been aimed to change the concept of use of prefab

elements or precast concrete work in construction industries by the comparison of the

conventional building and the rapid pre-fab elements in the present situation. In this

project, the building by prefab element and by conventional method .as it shows that using

prefabrication elements in construction of building will give good quality with less duration

and cost. This prefabricated method consumes 2.5 – 3 months to complete 10 storeys

building while, conventional method consumes 18 – 20 months to construct a project. So

the present scenario will change by rapid construction and it will help to create future

scope of infrastructure in rapid ways.it also creates an awareness to architects, engineer,

builders, designer, contractors and customers about the concept of prefabrication.

Keywords: Prefabricated materials, Technology,

I. INTRODUCTION

World is moving rapidly in this 21st century. So use of technologies with time constrain

is main factor. Rapid construction is a systematic approach to deliver of one kind

project with complexity in construction due to limited time schedule, contract

agreement, approved construction method and meets client satisfaction.

Rapid construction has many techniques. But here we are using modular coordination

and with the help of that techniques we apply those on buildings. We use the

prefabricated materials on building for rapid construction. The term prefab can apply

to any construction method where the significant part of the construction takes place

off site in a factory. That produces relatively large complex features that assembled at

the site into the finished building. Benefits of using prefabricated materials – we can

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get excellent quality, less duration, less maintenance, homogeneity, reduce wastages,

long life, easily replace etc.

Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or

other manufacturing site, and transporting complete assemblies or sub- assemblies to

the construction site where the structure is to be located. The term is used to

distinguish this process from the more conventional construction practice of

transporting the basic materials to the construction site where all assembly is carried

out. Prefabricated is a general term for anything that is assembled in a factory rather

than on-site.

Design is carried out to the concrete industry and yet the knowledge remains

essentially within the precast concrete industry itself. The advantages of precast

construction are inherent in the precast beam-to-column connections, as these are

jointed connection as opposed to cast-in-situ emulation type connection.

The behaviour of precast beam-to-column connection using hollow steel section by

conducting experimental tests that will show that the performance of this connection is

as good as conventional cast-in-place connection.

The objectives of the present study are:

To analysis the pre-fab material element in the market and its feasibility with the

project.

Compare quantity, cost and total duration for one Building project.

It Show the various advantages of the prefab elements and awareness in the present

technology in Indian construction industry by using Prefab elements its saves Time,

Money with the Quality.

Stages of Prefabrication:

Casting: - Precast components are casted with controlled cement concrete in moulds of

required shape and sizes. The vibrator is used to vibrate concrete and this removes any

honeycombing inside the components.

Curing: – After 24 hours of casting, the casted components are released from the mould and

transported to curing tanks. Certain special components like railway sleepers where high

strength is required are steam cured.

Transportation and erection: – After complete curing is done the components are

transported to the site with heavy trucks and erection will be done using cranes with skilled

labour force.

Types of prefab Elements:

a) Precast Slab or hollow core slab

The manufacture of the Hollow Core floor sections is fully automated. Hollow core

slab is manufacture by spancrete paver machine. Spancrete products meet fast track

schedules and reduce finance costs. All season, all weather erection capability helps

you maintain project schedules.

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b) Beam and column

Beam and column are generally made by different size of mould as per requirement

and design at factory. Bridge girder is also made by this techniques.

Pre-stressed RCC supporting precast column and beam are advantageous for fast

constructions as no propping of beams are required, there is no need for expensive on-

site formwork and flexibility with design is also possible. Precast columns and beams

can be used for building any structure including bridges. The main advantage of a

composite beam structure is that it permits less structural depth for a given load-

bearing capacity. Precast beams and columns are manufactured in a variety of sizes,

shapes and lengths. The concrete surface is smooth and the edges are chamfered.

Source: www.wilcoprecast.co.nz

Source: www.acp-concrete.cp.uk Source: www.spcind.com

Source: www.akbryanmoulds.co.uk Source:formstress.co.nz

http://www.wilcoprecast.co.nz/

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c) Precast Wall Panels

High Concrete Group enclosure systems consist of structural and non-structural

precast concrete panels in configurations such as column covers, window panels and

other shapes that provide an attractive, functional and durable facade. Precast

insulated wall panels and insulated cladding use sandwich construction to place a

layer of rigid foam insulation between two layers of precast concrete.

Source: www.satee.co.in Source: www.precast.org

A precast concrete panel offers a number of important benefits. The sandwich

construction technique used with the precast concrete walls provides increased

stability and improved sound insulation, as well as greater protection from potential

hazards such as fires. Precast concrete panels also provide energy-saving advantages.

Because the concrete wall panels are separated by a layer of thermal insulation, the

precast concrete wall panel system results in enhanced energy performance, which can

help to lower overall costs.

d) Precast Staircase

Using precast staircase will shorten the construction duration. It also allows

operational access instantly to all floor areas. Precast staircases are delivered to site

ready for installation and can speed up construction schedules to provide safe and

immediate routes between floors under construction. Once hoisted into place, the

precast stair flight is suitably protected and ready for use.

Delivery, Handling & Storage

a) Delivery

Source: www.weckenmann.com Source: saipreethiprecastbuilder.com

http://www.satee.co.in/

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Delivery of precast elements should be planned according to the general erection

sequence to minimise unnecessary site storage and handling. Where possible, it is

desirable to transport the precast elements into a manner which they can be lifted

directly for erection or storage without much change in orientation and sequence. It

should be loaded and delivered with proper support, frames, cushioning and tie-downs

to prevent in-transit damage.

b) Handling

The handling process mainly involves the removal of the precast elements from the

mould, transportation to the storage yard, loading and unloading operation and

erection of these elements at the job site. Typically, precast concrete element and are

DE moulded and lifted from their casting position yard and delivery to site once they

reach the expected concrete strength required.

c)Storage

The storage area provides in the yard and job site should be adequate to permit easy

access and handling of the precast elements. The area should be relatively level, firm

and well drained to avoid any differential ground settlements which may damage the

stored elements.

Source: www.spcind.com

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Source: www.spcind.com

Advantages:

Quick erection times

Cost effective solutions.

Easier management of construction sites.

Ideal fit for simple and complex structures

Reduction in construction time

Improve in the quality of construction.

Reduction of construction waste

Shorter duration for construction time

Independent of adverse weather conditions during construction

Opportunities for good architecture

Healthy buildings

High capacity- enabling the realization of important projects

Factory made products

Quick erection times

Disadvantages:

Leaks can form at joints in prefabricated components.

Transportation costs may be higher for voluminous prefabricated sections than for the

materials of which they are made, which can often be packed more efficiently

Large prefabricated sections require heavy- duty cranes and precision measurement

and handling to place in position.

Special and experience workforce is required.

Higher safety is required while installing and handling process.

I. CONCLUSION

As from the referred paper and analysis the Rapid construction is an innovative

technique in the construction industry to develop rapidly any project with the planning and

controlling on the Time, Cost and Quality. In this analysis a conventional building design is

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compared with the prefabricated element technique in which ,it compare with prefab element,

it quality got improve through a control machinery production in factory which produce a

require quality of product as per the client, the Cost is reduce to some extend as from the

conventional method by reducing unnecessary activity and unnecessary cost and the Time

duration of whole project is reduce up to 60% approximately from the conventional

technique. From the above it can be concluded that the rapid construction is the beneficial in

the Indian construction industry which is an innovative approach to a construction industry. If

we establish the prefab factory in the Surat region we reduce the transportation cost and so

the overall project cost is reduce.so at the end development of construction industries in Surat

will develop rapidly.

II. REFERENCES

[01] Britannica Online (1998). “Prefabrication.”

Http://Www.Eb.Com:180/Cgi- Bin/G?Docf=Micro/480/10.Html.

[02] Benjaoran, V.; Dawood, N (2006) “Intelligent Approach To Prod. Planning System for

Bespoke Precast Concrete Products”, Automation in Construction.

[03] Beton - Verlag, "Precast Concrete Connection Details.

[04] Bell, P. (2009). Kiwi Prefab: Prefabricated Housing In New Zealand: An Historical And

Contemporary Overview With Recommendations For The Future. Victoria University of

Wellington.

[05] Hindustan Prefab Limited Official Website

Http://Www.Hindprefab.Com/English/Index.Html

[06] Martinez, S; Jardon, A.; Navarro, J.M; Gonzalez, P. (2008) “Building Industrialization:

Robotized Assembly of Modular Products”, Assembly Automation.

[07] www.world-housing.net

[08] www.bca.gov.sg

[09] www.hindprefab.org

[10] www.precastbuildings.com

[11] www.pianc.us

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