MADE BY:PRATEEK KUMAR

MSC BIOINFORMATICS

RAPD, AFLP AND RFLP ANALYSIS

Marker Gene of known function and location

Gene that allows studying the inheritance of that gene Genetic information resides in the genome

Genetic MarkerAny phenotypic difference controlled by genes,

that can be used for studying recombination processes or selection of a more or less closely

associated target geneAnything in the genome that is variable and can

be used to compare individualsDetectable allelic variation on a chromosome

can be a phenotype, can also be a unique detectable sequence of DNA

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Marker is a piece of DNA molecule that is associated with a

certain trait of a organism

What is Marker?

Types of Markers

Morphological

Biochemical

Genetic

Chromosomal

Animals are selected based on appearance

Eg. PIGMENTATION

Disadvantage: lack of polymorphism

Animals are selected based on biochemical properties

Eg. Hb, AMYLASE, BLOOD GROUPS ETC.

Disadvantage: Sex limitedAge dependentInfluenced by environmentIt covers less than 10% of genome

Animals are selected based on structural & numerical

variationsEg. Structural and Numerical VariationsStructural- Deletions, Insertions etc.Numerical- Trisomy, Monosomy, Nullysomy

Disadvantage: low polymorphism

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

Organism can be differentiated by analysis of patterns derived from

cleavage of their DNA.

Technique is mainly based on the special enzyme called Restriction

Endonucleases.

In RFLP restriction enzyme digested DNA is resolved by gel

electrophoresis and then blotted to a nitro cellulose membrane.

Specific binding pattern can be visualized by hybridization with

labeled probe.

Different size or length of restriction fragments are produced such

polymorphism are used to distinguish plant species, genotype etc.

RFLP techniques

Thank you