QOD Thursday March 7World

Calendar: Evaluate the leadership of Henry VIII and Queen MaryQOD: What are 3 qualities you want in a leader?Agenda: Powerpt and notes on Henry VIII

-reading on Queen Mary with questionsHW: Complete reading on Mary

HENRY VIII

Background

Born in Greenwich England June 28, 1491

Member of the Tudor Dynasty and raised Catholic

Second son of King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York

Became King after death of his older brother Arthur in 1502 (He was seventeen years old).

Measured over 6 feet tall Demonstrated education and

athletic skills Had tremendous potential to

be agood leader

Father had brought successful end to the civil wars that had plagued England in 15th Century

Henry took rule of a country that was united under the Tudor Dynasty

Background

Catherine of Aragon

1509 married brother Arthur’s widow Catherine of Aragon (daughter of King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I of Spain)

Marriage- great diplomatic importance…brought good relations between England and Spain

Wedding ceremony was lavish-Henry spent much money

WIFE #1

Cost of Spanish Alliance

Drew England into many military conflicts

1512 joined Spain in declaring war against France

At same time, King James IV of Scotland invaded England in 1512 Invasion was repelled and Henry gained much popularity…Henry won and was loved

Financial/Military Burden

Cost to English Treasury

Henry continued to engage France in battle throughout the 1510’s and 1520’s

Cost of wars were high for England

Henry had an extravagant lifestyle (spent money on himself and his ceremonies).

Financial crisis came to head in mid 1520’s

Financial/Military Burden

Henry’s Desires

Wanted to strengthen English State Wanted to make England a dominant

player in European affairs Relied on Lord Chancellor Thomas Wolsey

who helped Henry run the country

Most importantly – Desired a Male Heir

Background

Divorce from Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Aragon (wife #1) failed to provide Henry with a male heir

Children were either still born or died shortly after birth

Only surviving child was a girl, Mary I Catherine could no longer bear children- Henry

wanted to divorce her and to marry Ann Boleyn

Catherine said no because her Catholic faith will not allow divorces…so he has her put on trial

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ltrxy6_fWc

Wives

Pope’s Refusal

Henry goes to Pope Clement VII for a divorce/annulment, but the pope refused to annul the marriage

Desperate to marry Ann Boleyn Henry broke with the Roman Catholic Church completely

He turned to the British Parliament to help him break with Rome

This process continued throughout the 1530’s

As a result- Parliament (govt.) became strengthened

Break from Rome

Church of England

Henry became the head of the newly independent Church of England in 1532

Beginning of Protestant Reformation in England…thank you Martin Luther!

Henry annulled his own marriage and married Ann Boleyn in January of 1533

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li20Jug-rPg

Break from Rome

Ann’s Fate

Ann Boleyn failed to provide Henry with a male heir

Her only child, Elizabeth, was a girlHenry grew tired of Ann and sent her to the

executioner on charges of adultery This did not stop the religious unrest in the

country between Catholics and Protestants

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF_UpYqYJuY&playnext=1&list=PL91A71B740E6F9C67&feature=results_video

Wives

Henry Gets Male Heir

Henry married Jane Seymour after Ann’s death

She died giving birth to his male heir, Edward VI

Henry married 3 more times Anne of Cleves (marriage annulled) Catherine Howard (executed for adultery) Catherine Parr (who became his widow)

Wives

Henry VIII Dies

1540’s marked with religious unrest and continual bloodshed

Henry VIII paranoid and gaining tremendous weight…fat suffered from depression dies in London at age of 55 leaving Catherine

Parr his widow

Changed England

England Changed

Leaves behind very different England than he inherited

Left religious unrest between Protestants and Catholics because he created the Church of England

Gave more power to the Parliament because he needed them to break with Rome

Caused economic problems because of his constant military actions and high spending

Son becomes king at a young age, dies, and sister, Mary becomes queen and is known as BLOODY MARY!!

HOMEWORK

Now that you know about King Henry VIII, his changes to England, and his personal life…your task is to understand the power of his first daughter, Mary.

REMEMBER: When Henry dies, his son comes into power, but he dies too leaving the throne to the first born, Mary.

Mary will cause problems in England with the two religions…read about it!