pursuing household electric savings in-field short course monday, april 7, 8 am -12 pm pittsburgh,...
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Pursuing Household Electric Pursuing Household Electric Savings Savings
In-field Short CourseIn-field Short Course
Monday, April 7, 8 am -12 pm Monday, April 7, 8 am -12 pm Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
A. Tamasin Sterner Pure Energy
Lancaster, Pennsylvania717-293-8990
Rana BelsheConservation Connection
ConsultingFairchild, Wisconsin
715-334-2707
In This Session We WillIn This Session We Will
Interview occupant and explore baseload use in home
Ponder the intersection of residential electricity use and carbon emissions
Point to potential collaborators and resources
Discuss how to take advantage of rising energy prices and environmental awareness
……and We Care Because… and We Care Because… Change is upon us. Price signals & mainstream environmental
awareness of Global Warming is happening. Efficiency gains are netting zero in some places due to
population growth, increased size of houses and connected loads.
Electric intensity per capita has more than tripled in the US since 1960 as consumers binge on electronic technologies-- communication, home entertainment, information, etc.
Cutting greenhouse gas emissions requires using less electricity if earth is to remain a good place to live.
Successfully diagnosing and remediating high baseload use and educating and influencing people takes time. How do we charge for this time?
Making a Difference…Making a Difference…
What have we learned from our successes and mistakes?
What are we going to do now?
What resources do we need to move forward in Wisconsin?
How does this translate to income after taxes?
Energy Cost & ValueEnergy Cost & ValueFuel
SourceUnit Btu/
UnitUnit/Mbtu
Cost/Unit
Cost/Mbtu
Crude OilBarrel 6,300,000 0.16 $95.00 $15.20
Heating OilGallon 140,000 7.14 $3.05 $21.78
Propane Gallon 92,000 10.87 $3.00 $32.61
Natural Gas Therm 100,000 10 $1.25 $12.50
Gasoline Gallon 125,000 8 $3.00 $24.00
Mixed Wood Cord 20,000,000 0.05 $295.00 $14.75
Electricity kWh 3,412 293 $0.10 $29.30
Cost/Unit x Unit/MBtu = Cost/Mbtu
Electricity, Emissions & Water WasteElectricity, Emissions & Water Waste
Adds to global warming
Wastes water—about ½-1 gal/kWh from coal fired plant
Presents health risks associated with smog, particle and mercury emissions
coal 2.37 lbs/kWh
oil 2.14 lbs/kWh
gas 1.32 lbs/kWh
Carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalency
694 lbs/MBtu
628 lbs/MBtu
388 lbs/MBtu
Water waste associated with hydroelectric: Average 18 gallons/kWh for USA
4-6 gallons/kWh for Austin Energy in Texas
Electric energy intensity Electric energy intensity (kWh/person) 1960 - present(kWh/person) 1960 - present
Art Rosenfeld, Emerging Technologies in Energy Efficiency Conference, Oct. 2006
Baseload + Seasonal = Total Baseload + Seasonal = Total Household Electric UseHousehold Electric Use
Baseload: Electricity used to power things used year round
Seasonal use: Electricity used to provide heating, cooling, often dehumidification
The goal is to understand how a particular household uses electricity, identify the possibilities for reducing that use and dialogue with the occupant for the best possible outcomes.
Establishing Baseload UseEstablishing Baseload Use
Obtain (a printout of) the client’s electricity use for at least one year, prior to the site visit.
Separate the baseload use from the total use by adding together the three lowest months, (not weird numbers) dividing the sum by 3 to get an average baseload month’s use, and then multiplying that number by 12 months.
This can easily be done visually from a bar chart.
There are lots of ways to do this. They all work.
To “Produce Reduced Use” To “Produce Reduced Use”
We must know where they are, where they’ve been, and what is possible.
This requires getting & using information BEFORE & during the Home Visit:
Monthly use/bill13 month consumption historySavings potential Reduction goals
Annual End Use Consumption Annual End Use Consumption Ranges (kWh)Ranges (kWh)
Electricity Use LOW MID HIGH
Baseload 2250 5000 8000
Domestic Hot WaterHot water use, 1-3 people 2500 4500 6000Hot water use, 3-6 people 4000 6000 8000
CoolingCooling load (total household) 750 1500 2500
HeatingElectric heat load 2000 5000 8500
National averages trued up to PA utility program experience
If…. Then….If…. Then….
If any category of use is low, save your time and energy and focus where the use is Mid or HIGH
Baseload as a Building Baseload as a Building Science Systems IssueScience Systems Issue
One example: Recessed lights are holes in the
envelope, most of which leak air
Local hot spot enhances exfiltration forces
A 13 watt bulb increases air flow through a leaky can by 60% when it’s on, a 50 watt bulb by 170% and a 100 watt bulb by 400%!
Larry Kinney, Synertech Systems Inc
Baseload is a Waste & Pollution Baseload is a Waste & Pollution Systems Issue Systems Issue
Over a five year period, an incandescent bulb uses electricity equal to 10 mg of mercury emissions from a coal-fired plant.
A CFL may contain 4 mg of mercury, but “uses” only 2.4 mg of emissions from electricity.
Mercury in a CFL is contained and is recycled with proper disposal*. Once out of the smokestack mercury is uncontrollable.
Electricity generated from coal-fired plants is only 33% efficient at the plug. The rest of the source energy is “wasted” in generation, transmission, & distribution losses.
U.S. EAP 2002* www.Earth911.org
Savings Follows WasteSavings Follows Waste
Total electricity use relates directly
to potential electricity savings
Typical High Potential Baseload Typical High Potential Baseload CircumstancesCircumstances
Time on – 24/7 adds up quicklyHigh demand / power (kW)Poor control strategiesNot known to be operatingFaulty equipment Intermittent useHidden loads Lots of people in the household
Top Reasons for High Baseload Use Top Reasons for High Baseload Use from a Recent Studyfrom a Recent Study
High number of occupants Hot water leaks in pipes, fixtures or water heater Long shower time Very inefficient refrigerators/freezers Multiple refrigerators/freezers 24 hour a day lighting or lots of them Other mechanical, appliance or electronics
issues: computers on 24/7; air handlers ‘on’; ceiling fans on 24/7
MCC Pilot 2006
Sample Use-Cost CalculationsSample Use-Cost Calculations
Circulating furnace fans on 24/7(@400-600W)
500W x 24 hours x 365 days x .001kW/W = 4,380 kWh/yr @$.10 = $438 per year
Radon exhaust fan in attached garage per EPA IAQ house standards (@80-125W)
100W x 8760 hrs/yr x .001kW/W = 876 kWh/yr @ $.10 = $88 per year
Kill A Watt EZ (kWh) MeterKill A Watt EZ (kWh) Meter
Displays:VoltsAmpsVAHertzPower FactorkWhCostElapsed Time
www.p3international.com
Savings Results- PennsylvaniaSavings Results- Pennsylvania 2% to 22% for recent years
Up to 37% savings in the beginning years due to replacing very old refrigerators
16% of PA households have baseload electric bills greater than $1,500 (Carroll, 2007)
Opportunities are missed by generically assigning a savings goal of 10% to 15%; best practice is to set site specific goals.
Highly related to pre-treatment use
What does my bill pay for?What does my bill pay for?
Plug Load Energy Use is Plug Load Energy Use is IncreasingIncreasing
U.S. delivered residential energy consumption by end use, 2001, 2004, 2015, and 2030 (million Btu per household)
Source: Energy Information Administration 2006
The Vexing Challenges of The Vexing Challenges of Lifestyle & BehaviorLifestyle & Behavior
The number of occupants impacts use.
Occupant choices can make a 10 to 1 difference in total use.
Changing operating behaviors, such as control settings, fewer hours of use, more efficient appliances, can make a big difference.
Thoughtless or emergency purchasing decisions— multiple units, features, size– can have unintended consequences and use.
Power Supplies: A Growing Plug Power Supplies: A Growing Plug Load ComponentLoad Component
Function: convert wall voltage ac to low voltage dc needed to operate today’s digital chips, LED indicators, displays, etc.
6% to 10% of U.S. electricity flows through the nation’s 3.6 billion power supplies
Roughly 1 to 2% of U.S. electricity could be saved by improving power supply efficiency
• $2.1 to 4.2 billion saved by consumers on their electricity bills
• Prevent release of 40 to 80 million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere
• Equivalent of taking 2.3 to 4.6 million cars off the road
• Equivalent of building roughly 4.5 to 9 average sized power plants
Power1%
Lighting1%
Personal hygiene0.4%
Telephony2%
Small appliances
5%
Information technology
31%
Entertainment60%
Other9%
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
IT and Entertainment are Important to IT and Entertainment are Important to AddressAddress
My Big GulpMy Big Gulp: : Home Entertainment CenterHome Entertainment Center
Energy Star 37” LCD TV 1W Stdby, 149 W On
VCR/DVD 7 W Stdby, 17W On
Cable Box, HDTV DVR 25 W Stdby, 35 W On
Stereo/Home Theater 2 W Stdby, 65 W On
CD Player 2 W Stdby, 10 W On
Sub-woofer 7 W Stdby, 15 W On
Power strip Saves 0.5 kWh/day
Danny Parker, FSEC, 2006
Smart-StripSmart-Strip
http://www.smarthomeusa.com/Shop/Smart-Energy/Smart-Strip/
Efficient Home OfficeEfficient Home Office
Home computer, Screen, printer and DSL box, speakers, wireless router
My home 25 Watts standby Smart Power Strip from Watt-
Stopper (1 Watt standby) Senses occupancy: time delay
30 sec. To 30 min. Turns off all but CPU when no
occupancy after time delay Retail: $15 Assume 12 hour increase in
“off” time= 0.3 kWh/day saved Payback in 14 months
Danny Parker, FSEC, 2006
Our Remote TV NationOur Remote TV Nation
ACI HP Conf 2007; www.efficientproducts.org
ACI HP Conf 2007; www.efficientproducts.org
1200 kWh for 2 TVs 1200 kWh for 2 TVs
Newer, Larger Televisions Use Even Newer, Larger Televisions Use Even More Energy than older CRTsMore Energy than older CRTs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
N=78 of 78 N=4 of 4 N=2 of 2 N=11 of 11 N=1 of 1 N=4 of 4 N=7 of 7
CRT LCD Plasma Rear Projection
TELEVISION TELEVISION / DVD TELEVISION / DVD /VCR
TELEVISION / VCR
Ener
gy (kW
h)
Active
Low Power
Standby
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
Desktop Computers use more Desktop Computers use more energy than today’s CRT TVsenergy than today’s CRT TVs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
N=39 of 43 N=7 of 7 N=17 of 17 N=20 of 21
Desktop Laptop CRT LCD
COMPUTER COMPUTER DISPLAY
Ener
gy (kW
h)
Active
Low Power
Standby
Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007
Computer UseComputer Use
Monitor accounts for about ½ the use 17” color monitor uses about 35% more energy than a 14”
color monitor Laser printers draw about 1/3 of print power when on
standby– 100W or so Screen savers don’t save energy Laptops use a small fraction of the energy that desktops use
Activate the Power Management Functions
Turn off monitor if not using > 20 min. and both CPU and monitor if not using for > 1 hour
Check DOE & www.energystar.gov for great stuff on this.
From the Field: From the Field: Missed OpportunitiesMissed Opportunities
Hot water leaks Extra lighting Freezers or multiple
refrigerators Medical equipment Portable appliances Broken appliances Heavy-duty battery
chargers Ventilation equipment Pressure tank problems
Waterbed heaters Failing motors Dehumidifiers set too high Forgotten heaters in crawl
spaces Ice makers running without
water hookup Washers always using hot
water Many occupants Air handler fans on 24/7 Power supplies aka “Wall
warts”
Limited Residential Limited Residential Carbon FocusCarbon Focus
Electricity
Heating &Cooking
Water& Hot Water
Whole Household CarbonWhole Household CarbonGasoline
Electricity
Heating & Cooking
GarbageWater
Consumer Goods
Food
www.riot4austerity.org
Carbon FootprintCarbon Footprint
A carbon footprint is a "measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of green house gases (GHG) produced, measured in units of equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2e).”
See also: Ecological Footprint
Adjusted wikipedia
Austria 16Canada 32Ireland 18Mexico 6
Mongolia 5Netherlands 27
NZ 15Nigeria 1
Norway 19Senegal 1 Sweden 11
Venezuela 10
AK 114AZ 18CA 18CO 26DC 32MA 22MD 23NY 18OR 19VA 27VT 17WA 21
EIA website
World average: 7 lbs/day
Ave American: 33 lbs/day
Ave Wisconsin:31 lbs/day
Carbon per Capita Pounds/DayCarbon per Capita Pounds/Day
Communicating About CarbonCommunicating About Carbon
Alliance for Climate Protection www.climateprotect.org
Union of Concerned Scientists www.ucsusa.org
Environmental Defense Fund www.fightglobalwarming.com
www.safeclimate.net/calculator
www.earthlab.com/carbonProfile/LiveEarth.htm?ver=14
2030 Challenge www.architecture2030.org
Regreen www.regreenprogram.org
Breathing Earth www.breathingearth.net/
Energy Star www.energystar.gov
Feedback Welcome!Feedback Welcome!
A.Tamasin Sterner717-293-8990
Rana Belshe715-334-2707