public transport planning (route, station, bus...
TRANSCRIPT
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PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING
(Route, Station, Bus Stop)
Prof. Siti Malkhamah
Dr. Dewanti
Dr. Muhammad Zudhy Irawan
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gadjah Mada University
Introduction of Transport Planning
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There are 4 stakeholders which are involved in public transport
Government as Regulator
Operator
People
DPR
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Government as Regulator has a job that:
• To determine service standards and systems/ mechanism to
treat,
• To provide infrastructure
• To plan route and priority (bus-lane, bus-way)
• To plan Bus Stop, Parking area, integration with other modes.
• To give permission for the route
• To set tariffs and subsidies (with other institution)
• To oversee
Several aspects that should be considered in the planning of public
transport, such as:
1. Technical
2. Economy
3. Environment
4. Social
Example: Public transport planning technically in urban area is
different from in rural area, in aspects:
1. Headway
2. Bus Size
3. The route, etc.
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In technical aspect, Public transport planning generally divided into 2
level:
1. Strategic Level
Route planning, station, bus stop, Transfer point
Tariff planning: flat, depends on distance and zone
Schedule planning, include: schedule of the air force arrival,
schedule of the air force operational, schedule of the air force
team
Passenger preference, such as comfort and safety
2. Operational Level
Delay management
Reschedule
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Indicator of Public Transport Services qualitatively
Route Network: walking distance is not far, direct route, there is the
integration of network between major and branch.
Mode shifting: easy, comfort, and there is coordination with the
other services
Schedule: On time and connected with other services.
Tariff and Ticket: Affordable rate and there is coordination with the
other services
Information: available and clear and include a schedule, route, tariff
and directions
Adequate facilities: Bus Stop/Mode shifting/station/parking area,
waiting room, crossing for pedestrian
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Urban Public Transport Route Planning
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Route planning is an early planning in the public transport planning
In this plan need to be considered:
1. Maximum travel time
2. Coordination between all route
3. Comparison of travel time between the distance from origin zone
to destination zone through the planned route with the shortest
path
4. Type of route
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Route Planning based
on the main purpose
of public transport:
1. Commuting travel
2. Shopping travel,
3. Recreational
travel, etc
Route planning
concepts:
1. Minimize the
waiting time
2. Maximize the load
factor
3. Minimize the travel
time
4. Minimize the
transfer amount
RITK / RIK
Data Tata Guna Lahan
Data Penduduk
Potensi Perjalanan
Kebutuhan Angkutan
Kendaraan Umum Kendaraan Pribadi
Kriteria
PelayananJaringan Trayek
Jaringan Trayek
RDBWK
Types of
Routes
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Classification of
Routemedium Small
Major X X
Branch < 1 hour X
Minor 0,75 hour < 1 hour
Direct X X
Length of Public Transport Route
(Based on classification of route, city size, and travel time)
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Route planning connected (tumpang tindih) and Deviation route
(penyimpangan trayek)
Route connected (tumpang tindih)
could be accepted if:
• The time interval between the
bus which has route connected
longer than 3 minutes in peak
hours and 6-8 minutes in after
or before peak hour
• Load Factor on route
connected larger than 60%,
average is 70%
• Route length which is
connected should not larger
than 50% of route length
Criteria Medium Small
Connected
(tumpeng
tindih)
20-25%
from total
of route
length
15-20% from
total of route
length
Deviation level
(Tingkat
Penyimpangan)
10-15%
from total
of travel
time
5-10% from
total of travel
time
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Simple way to determine the route
1. Determine the zones that will be served by public transport (trip
generation step)
2. Identification of all road that connects between the zone
3. Determine the public transport route (with several requirements
such as the fastest travel time, amount of transfer, etc
4. Identify the data of origin-destination matrix (trip distribution step)
whether the amount of movement (OD matrix) is large can be served
by the route that has been determined directly (without transfer)?
5. If so, then the route is quite effective
6. If not, then it could change the route that has been determined or
add a new route (depend on size of demand)
After passing step 1 and 2, then determine zones and roads.
1
3
25
10 1625
CONTOH
Determine the Public Transport Route, if:
1. Maximum travel time 30 minute/route
2. Route not twist
3. Maximum deviation from the fastest travel time (shortest path) is 40%
4. Each route should not be connected (tidak bersinggungan)
5. Maximum transfer only 1 time
Pool bus
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Step 1: Determine which routes are possible from the term 1 and 2
Route Node Travel time
1 1 – 2 (2 – 1) 5
2 1 – 2 – 3 (3 – 2 – 1) 30
3 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 (4 – 3 – 2 – 1) 46
4 1 – 3 (3 – 1) 10
5 1 – 3 – 2 (2 – 3 – 1) 35
6 1 – 3 – 4 (4 – 3 – 1) 26
7 1 – 2 – 3 – 1 (-) 40
8 1 – 3 – 2 – 1 (-) 40
Term 1 and 2
Route not twist = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
The travel time less than 30 minute = 1, 2, 4, 6
Step 2: Determine the shortest path to the term 3
term 3
Route are possible: 1, 4, 6
Route 1 to 2 1 to 3 1 to 4
Fastest route(shortest path) 1 - 2 1 - 3 1 – 3 - 4
Travel time on the fastest route 5 10 26
Route are possible (node) 1 (1 – 2)
2 (1 – 2 – 3)
2 (1 – 2 – 3)
4 (1 – 3)
6 (1 – 3 – 4)
6 (1 – 3 – 4)
Travel time from possible route 1 (5)
2 (5)
2 (30)
4 (10)
6 (10)
6 (26)
Percentage of travel time from
the shortest path
1 (0%)
2 (0%)
2 (200%)
4 (0%)
6(0%)
6 (0%)
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Step 3: Based on term 4, each road should not be connected ( tidak
bersinggungan). Then route 6 have been selected than route 4, because if it is
selected route 4, zone 4 could not connect.
Step 4: Based on term 5, maximum transfer = 1
from – to Transfer amount
1 – 2 (2 – 1) 0 (0)
1 – 3 (3 – 1) 0 (0)
1 – 4 (4 – 1) 0 (0)
2 – 3 (3 – 2) 1 (1)
2 – 4 (4 – 2) 1 (1)
3 – 4 (4 – 3) 0 (0)
Final Result:
Obtained 2 routes: Route 1 (1-2) and Route 6 (1-3-4)
There is a road network:
HOME WORK
Determine the Public transport route, if:
1. Route not twist
2. Each route should not be connected ( tidak bersinggungan)
3. Maximum travel time = 40% from shortest path
5
25
76
Terminal
8
20 20
10
15
3020
3525
530
10
25
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7
8
8 6
4
8
6
8
Route 1 = 1, 2, 4
Route 2 = 1, 3, 6
Route 3 = 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 6
Answer
HOME WORK
Bus Station and Bus Stop
Planning
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In Bus Station planning, the main criteria applied are:
Anticipating the pedestrian movement, which is easily reached from the
surrounding area
Anticipating the movement of bus circulating effectively and efficiently.
Anticipating the needs of transfer quickly and easily
Anticipating the movement of kiss & ride quickly and easily
Making the passenger feel comfortable and safe, either for using bus,
leaving bus, or transfer between another bus route
Bus can be picked up and dropped the passenger easily and quickly
Not affect on traffic condition in road network around the area
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Determine the location of the passenger station viewed on:
General plan layout,
Traffic density and road capacity around the station,
Integration of transport modes both of intramodal and intermodal,
Topography in the location of station
Environmental sustainability
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Common terms for Bus Stop:
Located along the route of public transport/bus
Located on a pedestrian lane and close with the pedestrian
facilities.
Directed close to the activity center and settlement.
Equipped with direction sign
Do not disturb the traffic flow
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Bus Stop and Parking area
• In certain places should be provided an integrated bus stop for
several routes (shifting passenger place)
• When required, provided parking facilities (park and ride) which are
integrated.
• Maximum distance to the pedestrian crossing facilities = 100 meters
• Minimum distance of bus stop from the intersection= 50 meters or
depends on the queue length
• Minimum distance from a building(such as hospital, church,
mosque, etc) which requires tranquility is 100 meters
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Average stop spacing on BRT in several countries: USA(11) dan Canada
(9), Europe (8), Asia (7), dan Australia (2)
Brainstorming:
Bus Station dan Bus Stop in Singapore
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