public transport planning (route, station, bus...

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11/8/2016 1 PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING (Route, Station, Bus Stop) Prof. Siti Malkhamah Dr. Dewanti Dr. Muhammad Zudhy Irawan Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gadjah Mada University Introduction of Transport Planning 2 There are 4 stakeholders which are involved in public transport Government as Regulator Operator People DPR

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11/8/2016

1

PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING

(Route, Station, Bus Stop)

Prof. Siti Malkhamah

Dr. Dewanti

Dr. Muhammad Zudhy Irawan

Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

Introduction of Transport Planning

2

There are 4 stakeholders which are involved in public transport

Government as Regulator

Operator

People

DPR

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3

Government as Regulator has a job that:

• To determine service standards and systems/ mechanism to

treat,

• To provide infrastructure

• To plan route and priority (bus-lane, bus-way)

• To plan Bus Stop, Parking area, integration with other modes.

• To give permission for the route

• To set tariffs and subsidies (with other institution)

• To oversee

Several aspects that should be considered in the planning of public

transport, such as:

1. Technical

2. Economy

3. Environment

4. Social

Example: Public transport planning technically in urban area is

different from in rural area, in aspects:

1. Headway

2. Bus Size

3. The route, etc.

4

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In technical aspect, Public transport planning generally divided into 2

level:

1. Strategic Level

Route planning, station, bus stop, Transfer point

Tariff planning: flat, depends on distance and zone

Schedule planning, include: schedule of the air force arrival,

schedule of the air force operational, schedule of the air force

team

Passenger preference, such as comfort and safety

2. Operational Level

Delay management

Reschedule

5

6

Indicator of Public Transport Services qualitatively

Route Network: walking distance is not far, direct route, there is the

integration of network between major and branch.

Mode shifting: easy, comfort, and there is coordination with the

other services

Schedule: On time and connected with other services.

Tariff and Ticket: Affordable rate and there is coordination with the

other services

Information: available and clear and include a schedule, route, tariff

and directions

Adequate facilities: Bus Stop/Mode shifting/station/parking area,

waiting room, crossing for pedestrian

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Urban Public Transport Route Planning

7

Route planning is an early planning in the public transport planning

In this plan need to be considered:

1. Maximum travel time

2. Coordination between all route

3. Comparison of travel time between the distance from origin zone

to destination zone through the planned route with the shortest

path

4. Type of route

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Route Planning based

on the main purpose

of public transport:

1. Commuting travel

2. Shopping travel,

3. Recreational

travel, etc

Route planning

concepts:

1. Minimize the

waiting time

2. Maximize the load

factor

3. Minimize the travel

time

4. Minimize the

transfer amount

RITK / RIK

Data Tata Guna Lahan

Data Penduduk

Potensi Perjalanan

Kebutuhan Angkutan

Kendaraan Umum Kendaraan Pribadi

Kriteria

PelayananJaringan Trayek

Jaringan Trayek

RDBWK

Types of

Routes

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11

Classification of

Routemedium Small

Major X X

Branch < 1 hour X

Minor 0,75 hour < 1 hour

Direct X X

Length of Public Transport Route

(Based on classification of route, city size, and travel time)

12

Route planning connected (tumpang tindih) and Deviation route

(penyimpangan trayek)

Route connected (tumpang tindih)

could be accepted if:

• The time interval between the

bus which has route connected

longer than 3 minutes in peak

hours and 6-8 minutes in after

or before peak hour

• Load Factor on route

connected larger than 60%,

average is 70%

• Route length which is

connected should not larger

than 50% of route length

Criteria Medium Small

Connected

(tumpeng

tindih)

20-25%

from total

of route

length

15-20% from

total of route

length

Deviation level

(Tingkat

Penyimpangan)

10-15%

from total

of travel

time

5-10% from

total of travel

time

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13

Simple way to determine the route

1. Determine the zones that will be served by public transport (trip

generation step)

2. Identification of all road that connects between the zone

3. Determine the public transport route (with several requirements

such as the fastest travel time, amount of transfer, etc

4. Identify the data of origin-destination matrix (trip distribution step)

whether the amount of movement (OD matrix) is large can be served

by the route that has been determined directly (without transfer)?

5. If so, then the route is quite effective

6. If not, then it could change the route that has been determined or

add a new route (depend on size of demand)

After passing step 1 and 2, then determine zones and roads.

1

3

25

10 1625

CONTOH

Determine the Public Transport Route, if:

1. Maximum travel time 30 minute/route

2. Route not twist

3. Maximum deviation from the fastest travel time (shortest path) is 40%

4. Each route should not be connected (tidak bersinggungan)

5. Maximum transfer only 1 time

Pool bus

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Step 1: Determine which routes are possible from the term 1 and 2

Route Node Travel time

1 1 – 2 (2 – 1) 5

2 1 – 2 – 3 (3 – 2 – 1) 30

3 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 (4 – 3 – 2 – 1) 46

4 1 – 3 (3 – 1) 10

5 1 – 3 – 2 (2 – 3 – 1) 35

6 1 – 3 – 4 (4 – 3 – 1) 26

7 1 – 2 – 3 – 1 (-) 40

8 1 – 3 – 2 – 1 (-) 40

Term 1 and 2

Route not twist = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

The travel time less than 30 minute = 1, 2, 4, 6

Step 2: Determine the shortest path to the term 3

term 3

Route are possible: 1, 4, 6

Route 1 to 2 1 to 3 1 to 4

Fastest route(shortest path) 1 - 2 1 - 3 1 – 3 - 4

Travel time on the fastest route 5 10 26

Route are possible (node) 1 (1 – 2)

2 (1 – 2 – 3)

2 (1 – 2 – 3)

4 (1 – 3)

6 (1 – 3 – 4)

6 (1 – 3 – 4)

Travel time from possible route 1 (5)

2 (5)

2 (30)

4 (10)

6 (10)

6 (26)

Percentage of travel time from

the shortest path

1 (0%)

2 (0%)

2 (200%)

4 (0%)

6(0%)

6 (0%)

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Step 3: Based on term 4, each road should not be connected ( tidak

bersinggungan). Then route 6 have been selected than route 4, because if it is

selected route 4, zone 4 could not connect.

Step 4: Based on term 5, maximum transfer = 1

from – to Transfer amount

1 – 2 (2 – 1) 0 (0)

1 – 3 (3 – 1) 0 (0)

1 – 4 (4 – 1) 0 (0)

2 – 3 (3 – 2) 1 (1)

2 – 4 (4 – 2) 1 (1)

3 – 4 (4 – 3) 0 (0)

Final Result:

Obtained 2 routes: Route 1 (1-2) and Route 6 (1-3-4)

There is a road network:

HOME WORK

Determine the Public transport route, if:

1. Route not twist

2. Each route should not be connected ( tidak bersinggungan)

3. Maximum travel time = 40% from shortest path

5

25

76

Terminal

8

20 20

10

15

3020

3525

530

10

25

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7

8

8 6

4

8

6

8

Route 1 = 1, 2, 4

Route 2 = 1, 3, 6

Route 3 = 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 6

Answer

HOME WORK

Bus Station and Bus Stop

Planning

20

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In Bus Station planning, the main criteria applied are:

Anticipating the pedestrian movement, which is easily reached from the

surrounding area

Anticipating the movement of bus circulating effectively and efficiently.

Anticipating the needs of transfer quickly and easily

Anticipating the movement of kiss & ride quickly and easily

Making the passenger feel comfortable and safe, either for using bus,

leaving bus, or transfer between another bus route

Bus can be picked up and dropped the passenger easily and quickly

Not affect on traffic condition in road network around the area

22

Determine the location of the passenger station viewed on:

General plan layout,

Traffic density and road capacity around the station,

Integration of transport modes both of intramodal and intermodal,

Topography in the location of station

Environmental sustainability

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Common terms for Bus Stop:

Located along the route of public transport/bus

Located on a pedestrian lane and close with the pedestrian

facilities.

Directed close to the activity center and settlement.

Equipped with direction sign

Do not disturb the traffic flow

24

Bus Stop and Parking area

• In certain places should be provided an integrated bus stop for

several routes (shifting passenger place)

• When required, provided parking facilities (park and ride) which are

integrated.

• Maximum distance to the pedestrian crossing facilities = 100 meters

• Minimum distance of bus stop from the intersection= 50 meters or

depends on the queue length

• Minimum distance from a building(such as hospital, church,

mosque, etc) which requires tranquility is 100 meters

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25

Average stop spacing on BRT in several countries: USA(11) dan Canada

(9), Europe (8), Asia (7), dan Australia (2)

Brainstorming:

Bus Station dan Bus Stop in Singapore

26

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Bus Stop in Singapore

27

MRT station in Singapore

28

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29

Interchange

(bus station)

30

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Priority for bus (mandatory give way)

31