psychology: the science of brain, mind and behavior
TRANSCRIPT
Psychology:The Science of Brain, Mind and
Behavior
http://people.stfx.ca/phenke/
Major SubfieldsA. Learning- conditioning, social learningB. Cognition -perception, attention, memory, language, thinkingC. Biopsychology- anatomical, physiological, biochemicalD. Social- relations among individuals, group behaviorE. Developmental- genetic, environmental factorsF. Personality & abnormalG. Applied- e.g., health, forensic, test & measurement, clinical, psychopharmacology
What is the nature of mind in a physical world?
• You see (in the sense of having a conscious experience of)
a red apple in front of you. Mary, a neuroscientist, scans the relevant visual areas in your brain, at the same time. But Mary observes nothing that even resembles what you see. These qualities of your experience (so-called qualia) cannot be found anywhere in your brain.
Lecture 1: Historical Influences
• Descartes - Dualism, Cartesian interactionism (Pineal gland)• Hobbes - Materialism (monism) -> ‘brain’• Locke – Empiricism, tabula rasa vs Kant – Rationalism, nativism • Darwin - Evolution -> continuity of species• James - Functionalism (Darwinism, functions, adaptations)• Wundt – Leipzig (1879) Structuralism (introspection)• Wertheimer - (Nativism) ‘Gestalt’ = greater than sum of parts,
organizing/grouping priciples (see Perception outline); emergent • Pavlov - Conditioning• Watson, Skinner - Behaviorism, environment, ‘Reward/Punishment’• Lorenz, Tinbergen - Ethology, evolutionary, ‘naturalistic setting’• Freud - unconscious; repression; psychoanalysis• Maslow, Rogers - ‘3rd Force’, Humanistic, existential (“meaning”), self-
actualization, personal authenticity ( Zeitgeist )• A. Cognitive psychology – mind, supervenience/experimental, AI • B. Behavioral neuroscience - brain (dualism vs. materialism; identity-
theory ,“explanatory gap”), experimental (behavioral), evolutionary.