psychology: the science of brain, mind and behavior

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Psychology: The Science of Brain, Mind and Behavior http://people.stfx.ca/ phenke/

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Page 1: Psychology: The Science of Brain, Mind and Behavior

Psychology:The Science of Brain, Mind and

Behavior

http://people.stfx.ca/phenke/

Page 2: Psychology: The Science of Brain, Mind and Behavior

Major SubfieldsA. Learning- conditioning, social learningB. Cognition -perception, attention, memory, language, thinkingC. Biopsychology- anatomical, physiological, biochemicalD. Social- relations among individuals, group behaviorE. Developmental- genetic, environmental factorsF. Personality & abnormalG. Applied- e.g., health, forensic, test & measurement, clinical, psychopharmacology

Page 3: Psychology: The Science of Brain, Mind and Behavior

What is the nature of mind in a physical world?

• You see (in the sense of having a conscious experience of)

a red apple in front of you. Mary, a neuroscientist, scans the relevant visual areas in your brain, at the same time. But Mary observes nothing that even resembles what you see. These qualities of your experience (so-called qualia) cannot be found anywhere in your brain.

Page 4: Psychology: The Science of Brain, Mind and Behavior

Lecture 1: Historical Influences

• Descartes - Dualism, Cartesian interactionism (Pineal gland)• Hobbes - Materialism (monism) -> ‘brain’• Locke – Empiricism, tabula rasa vs Kant – Rationalism, nativism • Darwin - Evolution -> continuity of species• James - Functionalism (Darwinism, functions, adaptations)• Wundt – Leipzig (1879) Structuralism (introspection)• Wertheimer - (Nativism) ‘Gestalt’ = greater than sum of parts,

organizing/grouping priciples (see Perception outline); emergent • Pavlov - Conditioning• Watson, Skinner - Behaviorism, environment, ‘Reward/Punishment’• Lorenz, Tinbergen - Ethology, evolutionary, ‘naturalistic setting’• Freud - unconscious; repression; psychoanalysis• Maslow, Rogers - ‘3rd Force’, Humanistic, existential (“meaning”), self-

actualization, personal authenticity ( Zeitgeist )• A. Cognitive psychology – mind, supervenience/experimental, AI • B. Behavioral neuroscience - brain (dualism vs. materialism; identity-

theory ,“explanatory gap”), experimental (behavioral), evolutionary.