psych 555 week 4 learning team assignment interpersonal relationships paper.doc

5/19/2018 PSYCH 555 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Interpersonal Relationships Paper.doc

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Interpersonal Relationships Paper

PSYCH 555


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Interpersonal Relationships

By building communication linkages among individuals, interpersonal relations improve

social psychology Interpersonal relationships seek to bring people together !ithout any intent or

choice but only based on the "eeling being attached to the other individual Being "amiliar !ith

others, having alike attributes and having mutual understanding are "actors that bring about

attraction but it is interdependence, attachment, and belonging that aim to create stronger ties and

closeness Cognitive theories o""er reasons !hy individuals though not dra!n to!ard another

may "eel bad or may display antisocial behavior to!ards the same Interpersonal relationships

a""ect individual attitudes !hile creating linkages o" intimacy or aggression

Interpersonal Relationships Defined

#n interpersonal relationship re"ers to associations made by encounters or

communication made by talking !ith others Interpersonal relationships are a system and a

process that is established through communication $%!yer, &'''( #s a system, an interpersonal

relationship involves interconnecting linkages in"luenced by constant change #s a procedure, on

the other hand, an interpersonal relationship is continues to change, constantly altering itsel",

delimitating itsel" and re)inventing itsel" throughout history *inally, as a branch o" social

psychology, interpersonal relationships aim to determine the causes !hy these relationships are

present

+here are t!o types o" interpersonal relationships circumstantial and chosen ones

$%!yer, &'''( In the circumstance type, these relationships people developed unintentionally

$eg being classmates( !hile relationship by choices are built !hen people kno!ingly "ind !ays


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to build relationships !ith others $eg by be"riending others( In both types, though, it is re-uired

that participants give others the opportunity to get to kno! you and build trust !ith them +rust

creates an open atmosphere !here individuals can share anything about themselves to one

another making the relationship gro! Sel")disclosure involves the intentional act o" providing

in"ormation about onesel" that others !ould not have kno!n unless divulged Hence,

interpersonal attraction is a prere-uisite in order to develop interpersonal relationships bet!een

partners

Interpersonal relationships are built by going through certain stages +he "irst stage is

called pre)interaction +his is reali.ed by utili.ing passive strategy to attain in"ormation "rom a

third party +he ne/t stage is re"erred to as initiation +his is the stage !here a person !orks

actively to disclose himsel" so that the other person gets to kno! him #"ter such presentation or

disclosure, the person makes up his mind !hether or not to continue !ith the relationship +he

ne/t stage is called the e/ploration stage In this stage, the ones involve trade o"" kno!ledge

about each other making them more close to one another #"ter the e/ploration stage, comes the

intensi"ication stage In this stage, more interaction occurs bet!een t!o people +his involves

"re-uent physical contact and intimate conversation that produce about interdependence and sel")

con"irmation +he last stage is intimacy +his is characteri.ed the closeness partners have !ith

one another thru non)verbal communication and "re-uent physical contact Such intimacy leads

to acceptance and interdependence !here partners are assured their ideas are not disregarded and

they can rely on one another !hen they need someone to support them $%!yer, &'''(

Interpersonal relationships, ho!ever, may end i" partners take actions that con"ute against norms

+hese actions include separation, loss o" "ervor, personality di""erence, or con"licts


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The Concept of Familiarity, Similarity, and Reciprocity Related to Attraction

Being "amiliar !ith others, having alike attributes and having mutual understanding each

possesses di""erent outcomes on the basics o" being near to another individual +hese terms are

used to re"er to the companionship an individual possesses on another, !eighing similarities and

di""erences to build certain levels o" con"idence and dependence 0ach o" these terms in"luences

individuals in building "eelings o" solace, !el"are and reliability

Familiarity

*amiliarity is the concept particularly improved by closeness +he more individuals keep

in touch !ith one another the more they understand and get to kno! one another $*iske, &'1'(

+his concept recogni.es !hat partners share in common, !hich includes their predictable

conduct Shared attributes lead to "eeling sa"e in the presence o" the other $*iske, &'1'( #s

encounters that take place bet!een individuals become more "re-uent, the more they become

"amiliar !ith one another $*iske, &'1'( +his in turn intensi"ies the likelihood o" attachment

Similarity

Having alike attributes is another concept that brings vivid in"luence on attachment It

re"ers to kno!ing similar attitudes, ideals and character !hich partners possess $2uo 3 4hang,

&''( *amiliarity and similarity di""er in !ays such that "amiliarity involves "re-uency o"

encounters !hile similarity involves likeness Similarity promotes "eelings o" uni"ormity and

!el"are bet!een individuals since the idea is to bring about unity or harmony $2uo 3 4hang,

&''( Similarity leads to balance among individuals as !ell as among groups $*iske, &'1'(


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Individuals are inclined to keep company !ith certain individuals !ho share the same behaviors

and thoughts as them, establishing healthier relationship !ith one another $2uo 3 4hang, &''(

Reciprocity

#lso re"erred as mutuality, reciprocity in"luences attraction such that it sho!s the desire

o" individuals to become "avorable individuals $2uo 3 4hang, &''( #ttraction through

reciprocity is in"luenced primarily by the supposition that i" an individual is recogni.ed and

"avored it makes the other to give back the recognition they !ant Similar practice is pro"itable

"or each other because it !ould provide "avorable "eedback to one another Such compliment

enables individuals to "orm stronger ties and "ul"ill the individual6s need to be "avorable $*iske,

&'1'( Reciprocity also ackno!ledges certain re!ard theories, or the concept that individuals

"eel re!arded by being liked, or a certain level o" recognition Individuals !ho practice

reciprocity has the chance to e/perience mutuality !ith those they are associated !ith $*iske,

&'1'( +he same attachment is developed through "riendship and inseparable ties

The Concepts of Interdependence, Attachment, and Belonging Related to Intimacy

Interdependence, attachment, and belonging together are all associated !ith intimacy

Interdependence enables individuals to create an environment that aim to promote true trust and

create the atmosphere "or true trust to start and make a relationship thrive Individuals also have

a need to be accepted in a group, to "eel that they are a""iliated and they belong

Interdependence

+o develop interdependence, individuals need to sho! control and trust, both o" !hich

are signi"icant in relation to core social motives In turn, this interdependence, trust and

interaction develop closeness in a relationship 0ach individual6s attitudes or actions in"luence

partners in a relationship It is the interdependence theory that provides an elaboration regarding


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the emotional encounter and the patterns o" reliability o""ered by an intimate relationship +he

attraction stage and the beginning stage permit relationships !ith its interdependence to thrive

Attachment

+he relationship bet!een t!o individuals or bet!een an individual and a group is

produced by an attachment or bond 7ust as childhood create inseparable ties bet!een a child and

his or her caregivers and the same encounter helps a gro!ing child to e/perience separation "rom

their caregivers +hese encounters enable children to gain insights about themselves and their

relationships $*iske, &'1', p 8&( +hus the attachment theory claims that the stability !hich has

been "ormed during the internal !orking models o" relationships !ill in"luence their

relationships and remain "i/ed as they enter the adult stage $*iske, &'1'(

Belonging

+he need to belong is met !hen a person enters a relationship, !hich may re"er not only

to romantic relationships but also to "riendships and interpersonal relationships Belonging, as

!ell as interdependence and attachment, are important in building closer relationships 9nce

intimacy is achieved, the "eeling o" attachment and belonging set in +his is essential "or

individuals to live happy social lives

Cognitive Theories Related to Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Hostility or aggression is an attitude that decreases the attachment "or an individual, thus

creating un"riendly perceptions +he same behavior can either be physical or verbal !here a

person intentionally in"licts harm to another individual $*iske, &'1'( +he persons !ho practice

aggression are o"ten -uick to be o""ended or "rustrated so as to keep one6s sel")esteem or sel")

presentation up Cognitive theories give individuals insights !hy they display hostility to!ards

others


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Social Learning Theory

Social learning theory teaches a person the !ays and conditions !here aggression can be

practiced and evaded +his is accomplished by "orming sel" :punishments In the social learning

theory it is also kno!n that aggression is a product o" emulating and observing another

individual6s character $*iske, &'1'( +his mani"ests !hen individuals practice the same behavior

they have seen or observed in others, in real li"e, movies, or +; sho!s or cartoon Individuals6

minds are likely to create pictures o" such behavior that leads to repetition o" the same behavior

in their "uture encounters $*iske, &'1'( Ho!ever, the same observed behavior may not be

appropriately practiced unless truly comprehended Hence


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presentations in print or picture provide most o" the hostility that gets imprinted mentally at a

young age %isplay or per"ormance o" aggressive behavior at a young age means the individual

!ill sho! hostile acts throughout his or her lives $*iske, &'1'( Ahile media is the primary

source !here such hostility is kno!n, it can also be derived or kno!n "rom the social class,

"amily, or inherited "amily traits

Cognitive NeoAggression Theory

Cognitive neo)aggression theory e/plains the reasons !hy individuals behave

aggressively +he cognitive neo)aggression theory e/plains ho! individuals are a""iliated to

aggressive cues, including primitive "eelings associated to con"licts or "lights !ith more

complicated cognitive and emotional responses $*iske, &'1'( It is learned that individuals can

access and display behaviors and insights "rom the past and utili.e the same !henever necessary

# common or un"avorable circumstance could either create "eelings o" "ear or impulses o"

hostility or escape $*iske, &'1'( 0ach individual varies on the degree o" his aggressiveness

Ahile others per"orm more aggression a"ter vie!ing violence on media or seeing !eapons,

others tend to emulate hostile behavior that make them more angry or thrilled to be aggressive

a"ter!ards $*iske, &'1'( #s individuals6 learning varies in e/tent and intensity, the same applies

to learning about aggression learning about the latter evokes insights that may cause

individuals to in"lict harm to others

Concl!sion

Interpersonal relationships help people to create linkages based on attraction or anger

Interpersonal relationships are systems and processes that bring individuals together by situation

or by choice People are brought together or attracted to each other by being more e/posed !ith


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another person, sharing common -ualities !ith another, or through a natural yearning to be "ound

"avorable by others Inter)reliability, attachment, and the need to belong in a social group

in"luences closeness and the process o" building close relationships Cognitive theories discuss

the process, the conditions and the reasons !hy individuals sho! aggression and !hat they learn

thru observation *inally, interpersonal relationships do not cease to e/ist to establish rapport

!ith other people based on in"luences "rom !ithin an individual or "rom the society that

surrounds him

Re"erences

%!yer, % $&'''( Interpersonal Relationships $Routledge odular Psychology(

*iske, S+ $&'1'( Social beings Core otives in Social Psychology $&nded( Hoboken, =7

Ailey

?retchmar, 7 $&''@( Social 2earning +heory In, Social Learning TheoryResearch Starters

Education. 1$1(, 1& Dreat =eck Publishing Retrieved "rom 0BSC9host


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2uo, S, 3 4hang, D $&''( Ahat leads to romantic attraction similarity, reciprocity, security,

or beautyE 0vidence "rom a speed)dating studyJournal of Personality, FF$G(, 88)G

Retrieved "rom 0BSC9host

psych 555 week 4 learning team assignment interpersonal relationships paper.doc

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