proteus syndrome

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Sara Sánchez Restrepo Catalina Urango Giraldo Facultad Ciencias de la Salud A Mosaic Activating Mutation in AKT1 associated with the Proteus Syndrome Marjorie J. Lindhurst, Julie C. Sapp, Jamie K. Teer, Jennifer J. Johnston, Erin M. Finn, Kathryn Peters, et al. Molecular Biology

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Page 1: Proteus syndrome

Sara Sánchez Restrepo Catalina Urango GiraldoFacultad Ciencias de la Salud

A Mosaic Activating Mutation in AKT1 associated with the Proteus Syndrome

Marjorie J. Lindhurst, Julie C. Sapp, Jamie K. Teer,

Jennifer J. Johnston, Erin M. Finn, Kathryn Peters, et al.

Molecular Biology

Page 2: Proteus syndrome

PROTEUS SYNDROME

The Proteus syndrome is characterized by the overgrowth of skin, connective tissue, organs, brain, and other tissues.

Along with susceptibility to the development of tumors

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Page 3: Proteus syndrome

PROTEUS SYNDROME

• Described in 1979 by Cohen and Hayden.

• The syndrome is not frequent. Incidence less than 1 case per 1 million inhabitants.

• Currently, there is no report that categorizes the disease is inherited.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Page 4: Proteus syndrome

PROTEUS SYNDROME

I N T R O D U C T I O N

• Proteus syndrome has been described hypothetically as a result of somatic or mosaic disorders

(A MOSAIC DISORDER IS ONE IN WHICH CELLS WITHIN THE SAME PERSON HAVE A DIFFERENT GENETIC COMPOSITION FROM ONE ANOTHER)

Page 5: Proteus syndrome
Page 6: Proteus syndrome

AKT 1

AKT (Protein kinase B, PKB) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key in regulating cell survival, insulin signaling , angiogenesis and tumor formation.

There are three isoforms of Akt: Akt 1, 2 and 3 (also known as PKBα, β and γ).

Page 7: Proteus syndrome

RELATIONSHIP OF SYNDROME

WITH AKT-1 Clinical signs of the syndrome, such as

excessive growth of tissues and organs, is given by the activation of AKT1 to be phosphorylated as a result of a mutation

Síndrome de Proteus

Mutación AKT 1

Fosforilación del AKT 1

Favorece crecimiento excesivo de tejidos u

órganos

Page 8: Proteus syndrome

MAIN OBJETIVE

Identify the influence of somatic

mutations in phosphorylation of

AKT-1 in Proteus Syndrome.

Page 9: Proteus syndrome

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

1.MUESTRA

29 Pacientes 158 muestras con criterio

clínico positivo de Síndrome de Proteus.

Page 10: Proteus syndrome

BIOPSIA PACIENTES ENFERMOS Secuencia exones ADN

y comparación con tejidos afectados

• EXONES: son las porciones que codifican las proteínas. (Selección de regiones que codifican en un genoma humana para

identificar genes asociados con desordenes poco frecuentes)

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Page 11: Proteus syndrome

CONFIRMACIÓN Y AMPLIACIÓN Medida de restricción para analizar 158 muestras de ADN.

Las endonucleasas o enzimas de restricción rompen la doble cadena de ADN al reconocer una secuencia especifica de bases, el cual consiste en deshacer la unión que forma el grupo fosfato entre dos moléculas de desoxirribosa de la hebra de ADN.

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Page 12: Proteus syndrome

ANÁLISIS DE LA

ACTIVACIÓN DE LA PROTEÍNA AKT EN LOS TEJIDOS AFECTADOS, MEDIANTE LA FOSFORILACIÓN DE ANTICUERPOS ESPECÍFICOS (WESTERN BLOT O INMUNOBLOT)

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Page 13: Proteus syndrome

WESTERN BLOT O INMUNOBLOT

Proteínas SDS = detergente polaridad (-)

Transferencia a filtro : Incubación con anticuerpos.

Ac + filtro = identificación proteína

SDS- PAGE Poliacrilámida gel electroforesis

Separación proteínas de extractos celulares por electroforesis según el tamaño

TÉCNICA

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El análisis de seguimiento se efectúo por la

secuencia de Sanger (didesoxinucleotidos) y digestión enzima de restricción , utilizando métodos para la polimerasa de reacción en cadena (PCR)

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Page 15: Proteus syndrome

PCR (polymerase-chain-reaction): tecnica desarrollada con el objetivo de amplificación in vitro directa de un gen o fragmento de DNA o indirecta de RNA.

- Principio del método:

Desnaturalizacion del DNA para dar hebras

sencillas.

Hibridacion especifica: “primer”

Replicacion: DNA polimerasa. - Utilidad: rastreo de mutaciones AKT 1

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RESULTADOS

• FILTRACION DE LA VARIANTESindrome de Proteus

FILTROS

Análisis de variaciones

IDENTIFICOAKT1, c.49G→A

a.a.17Lys por

Gln

Page 17: Proteus syndrome

RESULTADOS

• VALIDACION: MUTACIÓN AKT1/SINDROME DE PROTEUS

Secuenciación de Sanger

Consistentes con datos de secuenciación de exones

Hipotesis: insensibilidad a bajos niveles de mosaicismo

Page 18: Proteus syndrome

RESULTADOS

DIGESTION POR ENZIMA DE RESTRICCIÓN

Mutación ausente en 25 linajes celulares y 2 muestras de tejido fresco en sujetos que no presentaban el síndrome.

De 29 pacientes con el síndrome de Proteus, 26 tenian mutación somática con activación de AKT1. Lo cual corresponde al 90% de la muestra.

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RESULTADOS

Western blot imágenes de luminiscencia

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DISCUSSION

Author’s Name

What the author said

Is it related to

the research findings?

Kharas MG, Okabe R, Ganis JJ, et al.

The AKT1 activating mutation is detrimental to hematopoiesis

YES

Carpten JD, Faber AL, Horn C, et al.

Constitutive activation of AKT1 through Ser473 and Thr308 phosphorylation underlies the oncogenic mechanism.

YES

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DISCUSSION

Author’s Name

What the author said Is it related to the research

findings?

Happle R.

More circumscribed or milder manifestation of the disorder would be associated with a later

occurrence of the somatic mutation in an

embryo.

NO

Cantley LC, Neel

BG.

AKT1 is activated by lossof-

function mutations in PTEN.

NOThe New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

Page 22: Proteus syndrome

The gene mutation, is a predisposing factor for the phosphorilation of the AKT1 protein.

In the Proteus syndrome, the amino acid in which the higher phosphorilation occurs is the Serine.

CONCLUSIONS

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CONCLUSIONS

The activation of the AKT1 by phosphorilation is related with the tissue overgrowth in the Proteus Syndrome.

The somatic mutation that characterizes the Proteus Syndrome, makes of it a non inherited disorder.

The New England Journal of Medicine, 27 July 2011

Page 24: Proteus syndrome

Catalina Urango Giraldo

Page 25: Proteus syndrome

Sara Sánchez Restrepo

Page 26: Proteus syndrome

GRACIAS

THANKS