Properties of MatterPhysical & Chemical Properties

Mrs. ParnellAdapted from Mrs. Wolfe- GLHS

Chemistry – Study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

•Matter and energy are the two basic components of the universe

Matter•Material that makes up an object

•Has mass•Occupies space•Exist in 3 states

Two Types of Properties:

•Physical Properties•Chemical Properties

Physical Properties are UNIQUE!

• A substance has UNIQUE physical PROPERTIES that DEFINE it.

• What substance is:– White, small crystals (solid)– M.P. 212º F, B.P. 1621º F– No odor, Density = .001

• Look up these physical properties in a manual….– It’s SALT!

Physical Properties are observable.

• Physical properties can be OBSERVED.

• Physical properties DO NOT change the chemical nature of matter

• Color, Shape, Odor, Texture• Melting Point• Boiling Point• Physical State

– Liquid, solid, or gas

• Density

Physical properties – do not change the chemical nature of matter

• Hardness• Conductivity – thermal and

electrical

• Ductility – bendable?

• Malleability – poundable?

• Luster - shine

• Viscosity – resistance to flow

• and many more….

Describe the Physical Properties of …

• Aluminum

• Steel

• Which is best suited for a lightweight can of pop?

• Which is best suited for a can of green beans that need to be stacked in piles for months?

A Physical Property: Density

• The number of atoms in a given space.

• Density = mass

volume

• Which is more dense?• B, more atoms in the

same volume!

Practice Problem:• Calculate the density of a CUBE of steel.

• D = m/v

• D = 88/8 = 11 g/cm3

Mass = 88 g2 cm

Which Will Sink?

• Something that is more dense or less dense?

Viscosity - a liquid’s resistance to flowing

High viscosity: liquid flows slowly (cold syrup)Low viscosity: liquid flows fast (vinegar)

HIGH

LOW

So Far We Have Discussed Physical Properties…

• But substances also have CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

• Chemical properties – characteristics of a PURE SUBSTANCE that describes its ability to change into a different substance

Testing for Chemical Properties

• To observe chemical properties of a substance, you must try to CHANGE it into another substance

• Tests that can be used:

• Flammability• OXIDATION• Reactivity• Ability to TARNISH

Physical vs. Chemical Properties

• Physical properties are OBSERVABLE.

• Chemical properties can only be observed when the substance is CHANGING.

Physical vs. Chemical Properties

Substance

Rubbing Alcohol Clear liquid Flammable

Red Dye Red liquid Reacts with Chlorine and loses color

Baking Soda White powder Reacts with Vinegar (bubbles indicate a gas has been produced)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

Changes of Matter

• Chemical Changes

• NEW substance with NEW PROPERTIES!

• Example: Bake a Cake; Spoil some Milk– They are NEW, DIFFERENT substances!

• Physical Changes

• SAME substance with SAME PROPERTIES!

• Example: Break a piece of chalk– It’s still CHALK!

Identify these as Physical or Chemical Changes…

Cutting Your Hair

Dissolving Sugar in Water

Burning Wood

Rust Forming on Metal

Separating a Mixture

Battery “Dies”

Physical Change

Physical Change

Physical Change

Chemical Change

Chemical Change

Chemical Change

States of Matter are Physical Properties.

States of Matter

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Solid

• Atoms are tightly packed.

• Atoms are in a fixed pattern.

• Atoms vibrate in place.

Liquid

• Atoms are more loose.

• Atoms are NOT in a fixed pattern.

• Atoms slide around.

Gas

• Atoms are very spread apart.

• Atoms are NOT in a fixed pattern.

• Atoms move freely.