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PROPAGANDA

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Page 1: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

PROPAGANDA

Page 2: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

What is PropagandaPropaganda?• Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior

• Advertises a cause, organization, or movement

•Persuades humans to take action toward a goal

• Provides partially true, or just plain false information

• Can also include biased information, as well as symbols, images, words, or music that play on emotions

Page 3: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

Common Propaganda Propaganda Techniques

• Bandwagon• Testimonial• Plain Folks• Transfer• Card Stacking• Logical Fallacies• Glittering Generalities• Name-calling

Page 4: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 1st technique…

a) Testimonialb) Bandwagonc) Card Stackingd) Transfere) Plain Folksf) Logical Fallaciesg) Glittering Generalitiesh) Name-calling

… is an attempt to convince the public that

the candidate’s views reflect those of the

“common person,” and that the candidate

appears to be working for the benefit of the “common person.”

Page 5: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 1st technique…

e) Plain Folks

… is an attempt to convince the public that

the candidate’s views reflect those of the

“common person,” and that the candidate

appears to be working for the benefit of the “common person.”

Page 6: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 2nd technique…

a) Testimonialb) Bandwagonc) Card Stackingd) Transfere) Plain Folksf) Logical Fallaciesg) Glittering Generalitiesh) Name-calling

… is using quotations or stories from a well-

known person to endorse a product or

campaign.

Page 7: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 2nd technique…

a) Testimonial… is using quotations or stories from a well-

known person to endorse a product or

campaign.

Page 8: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 3rd technique…

a) Testimonialb) Bandwagonc) Card Stackingd) Transfere) Plain Folksf) Logical Fallaciesg) Glittering Generalitiesh) Name-calling

… sounds as if it makes sense, but the

assumptions given for the conclusion do

not really provide proper support for the

argument.

Page 9: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 3rd technique…

f) Logical Fallacies

… sounds as if it makes sense, but the

assumptions given for the conclusion do

not really provide proper support for the

argument.

Page 10: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 4th technique…

a) Testimonialb) Bandwagonc) Card Stackingd) Transfere) Plain Folksf) Logical Fallaciesg) Glittering Generalitiesh) Name-calling

… is an appeal to follow the crowd and

join the winning team!

Page 11: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 4th technique…

b) Bandwagon

… is an appeal to follow the crowd and

join the winning team!

Page 12: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 5th technique…

a) Testimonialb) Bandwagonc) Card Stackingd) Transfere) Plain Folksf) Logical Fallaciesg) Glittering Generalitiesh) Name-calling

… uses words that have different

positive meanings for individuals, but are

linked to highly valued concepts.

Examples: honor, glory, freedom

Page 13: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 5th technique…

g) Glittering Generalities

… uses words that have different

positive meanings for individuals, but are

linked to highly valued concepts.

Examples: honor, glory, freedom

Page 14: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 6th technique…

a) Testimonialb) Bandwagonc) Card Stackingd) Transfere) Plain Folksf) Logical Fallaciesg) Glittering Generalitiesh) Name-calling

… only presents information that is

positive to an idea or proposal. While the

information presented is true, other important

information is left out on purpose.

Page 15: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 6th technique…

c) Card Stacking

… only presents information that is

positive to an idea or proposal. While the

information presented is true, other important

information is left out on purpose.

Page 16: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 7th technique…

a) Testimonialb) Bandwagonc) Card Stackingd) Transfere) Plain Folksf) Logical Fallaciesg) Glittering Generalitiesh) Name-calling

… uses disrespectful words that carry a

negative connotation to encourage prejudice and

discrimination among the public by labeling

and targeting an enemy.

Page 17: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 7th technique…

h) Name-calling

… uses disrespectful words that carry a

negative connotation to encourage prejudice and

discrimination among the public by labeling

and targeting an enemy.

Page 18: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 8th technique…

a) Testimonialb) Bandwagonc) Card Stackingd) Transfere) Plain Folksf) Logical Fallaciesg) Glittering Generalitiesh) Name-calling

… is an attempt to make you view

something in the same way you view something else, by

shifting the negative (or positive) feelings

you have for one thing to another thing

Page 19: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

This 8th technique…

D) Transfer

… is an attempt to make you view

something in the same way you view something else, by

shifting the negative (or positive) feelings

you have for one thing to another thing

Page 20: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

Common Propaganda Propaganda Traits

• Uses half-truths or lies • Omits information selectively • Plays on emotions • Advertises a cause• Meant to persuade• Attacks opponents * Targets desired audiences

Page 21: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

Nazi PROPAGANDA Themes

Page 22: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

National Pride & Community

• A major part of Nazi ideology and propaganda

• Sought an organic, racial union of all “AryanAryan” Germans

• Values contributing to the general welfare of the nation, not individualism

• Nazi propaganda played a crucial role in selling this myth to Germans who longed for unity, national pride unity, national pride and greatnessand greatness

Page 23: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

• The Nazi Party dramatically increased its public support by advertising itself as a protest movement against the “corruption” and ineffectiveness of the Weimar system

• Throughout WWII, Nazi propagandists disguised German military aggression as acts of ethnic self-defense necessary for the survival of ““Aryan civilizationAryan civilization””

• Nazi propaganda frequently stressed the power of a mass movement to propel the country forward, symbolized by the upward upward angle of the handsangle of the hands

• This poster typifies the propaganda strategy of using simple, confident slogans with bold graphics and the characteristic Nazi colors of red, black, and whitered, black, and white

"Greater Germany: Yes on 10 April" (1938). This election poster emphasizes the message of jumping on the Nazi political bandwagon, as represented by the hands raised in a unified Nazi salute.

Rallying the Nation

Page 24: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

• From the 1920s onwards, the Nazi Party targeted German youth as a special audience for its propaganda messages

• These messages emphasized that the Party was:

– dynamic dynamic

– resilientresilient

– forward-looking forward-looking

– hopefulhopeful

– youngyoung

• Millions of German young people were won over to Nazism by what was taught in the classroom and extracurricular activitiesclassroom and extracurricular activities, like the Hitler Youth

"Students: Be the Führer's Propagandists." With militant appeals to nationalism, freedom, and self-sacrifice, the Nazi Party successfully recruited students disenchanted with German democracy and their current student organizations.

Convincing Young People

Page 25: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

• Nazi propaganda idolized Hitler as a gifted politician who brought stability, brought stability, created jobs, and restored German created jobs, and restored German greatnessgreatness

• Under the Nazi regime, Germans were expected to pay public allegiance to the “Führer” by giving the Nazi salute and greeting others on the street with “Heil Hitler!” the so-called “German Greeting”

• Faith in Hitler strengthened the bonds of national unity, while open criticism of the Nazis, and their leaders, were grounds for imprisonment grounds for imprisonment

Techniques of propaganda -- including strong images and simple messages -- helped propel Austrian-born Adolf Hitler from being a little known extremist to a leading candidate in the 1932 German presidential elections. The style of this poster is similar to some film stars of the era. Election poster, 1932; photo by Heinrich Hoffmann

Making a Leader

Page 26: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

• One crucial factor in creating a cohesive group is to define who is excluded from membershipexcluded from membership

• Nazi propagandists contributed to the regime's policies by publicly identifying groups for exclusion, inciting hatred, and cultivating indifference

• Propaganda helped to define who would be excluded from the new society and justified persecution against the “outsiders,” such as: – Jews Jews

– Sinti and Roma (Gypsies)Sinti and Roma (Gypsies)

– homosexualshomosexuals

– political rebels or anti-Nazispolitical rebels or anti-Nazis

– Germans viewed as genetically inferior and Germans viewed as genetically inferior and harmful to harmful to ““national healthnational health””

Nazi propaganda often portrayed Jews as engaged in a conspiracy to provoke war. Here, a stereotyped Jew conspires behind the scenes to control the Allied powers, represented by the British, American, and Soviet flags. The caption reads, "Behind the enemy powers: the Jew." Circa 1942.

Defining the Enemy

Page 27: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

• Der StürmerDer Stürmer was the most notorious, antisemitic newspaper in Germany and published horrible tales of Jewish “ritual murder,” sex crimes, and financial wrongdoing

• The Nazis also understood the power and attraction of emerging technologies, such as film, loudspeakers, radio, and televisionfilm, loudspeakers, radio, and television

• These technologies offered a means for mass communication of their messages and a way to reinforce the myth of the National Community through communal listening communal listening and viewing experiencesand viewing experiences

"All of Germany Listens to the Führer with the People's Radio." The poster depicts a crowd surrounding a radio. The radio looms large, symbolizing the mass appeal and broad audience for Nazi broadcasts.

Writing the News

Page 28: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

• Propaganda served as an important tool to win over the majority of the German public who had not supported Adolf Hitler and to push forward the Nazis' radical regime

• A new state propaganda program, headed by Joseph GoebbelsJoseph Goebbels, sought to manipulate and deceive the German population and the outside world

• Propagandists preached an appealing message of national unity and a utopian national unity and a utopian futurefuture

An antisemitic poster published in Poland in March 1941. The caption reads, "Jews are lice; They cause typhus." This German-published poster was intended to instill fear of Jews among Christian Poles.

Deceiving the Public

Page 29: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

Analyze these Nazi propaganda images

Page 30: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

“A New People”

Political Calendar cover, “A New People 1938,”

Nazi Party Office of Racial PoliticsUSHMM, source unknown

Page 31: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

“The Eternal Jew”

Exhibition poster, “The Eternal Jew,” Munich,

1937USHMM, courtesy of Julius

Goldstein

Page 32: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades

“Germany’s Victory,Europe’s Freedom”

Wartime poster, “Germany’s Victory,

Europe’s Freedom”, 194?USHMM, source unknown

Page 33: PROPAGANDA. Propaganda What is Propaganda? Political strategy to shape public opinion and behavior Advertises a cause, organization, or movement Persuades