promotion of semi-industrial aquaculture in vietnam 1.introduction about aquaculture development in...

Promotion of Semi-Industrial Aquaculture in Vietnam

1. Introduction about Aquaculture development in Vietnam2. Semi-Industrial Aquaculture

3. Government policies to support semi-industrial and industrial aquaculture

4. Concerns on product quality in semi-industrial and industrial aquaculture

5. Supports to cooperatives to operate semi-industrial aquaculture

6. Research and development projects and Extension programme to promote industrial and semi-industrial aquaculture


1. Introduction about Aquaculture development in Vietnam

1.2 Aquaculture production of Vietnam• Last decade, growth rate aquaculture

achieved more than 10%, annually; for example: production in 2000- was 1.0 million, in 2007-2.0 million tons

• Aquaculture contributes about 70-72% to export value


Aquaculture Volume & Export Value of Fisheries of Vietnam 1999-2008

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• Mekong catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus), black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) contribute 64.4% of production and 64.4% of value

• In year 2008, production of Mekong catfish (P. hypophthalmus), was nearly 1.1 million ton and export value was $1.4 billion, 10.0% higher in volume and 27.3% in value than in 2007


• Total shrimp culture production in 2008 was about 360,000 tons, valued approximately $1.5 billion, practically remained the same production level but little less in value ($1.55 billion) compared with year 2007


1.2 Characteristics of aquaculture in Vietnam

• Shift from small scale for family subsistence into more commercial scale ensuring food security and providing sufficiently materials for processing for domestic and international markets


• Small and medium scales have contributed to 75-80% of total aquaculture production

• Shift from traditional integrated system using local available inputs (organic manure, green manure) with low productivity, into several systems such as cages, ponds, tanks, raiseways, etc. at semi-intensive and intensive level


• Seeds of most aquaculture species produced in the hatcheries and fully meet the demand of growers.

• Genetic quality of the important species such as Mekong catfish, Nile tilapia, etc.. improved through selection programmes.

• Feed and probiotic production technologies are well developed.


2. Semi-Industrial Aquaculture

• Industrial animal agriculture is a modern form of intensive farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, including cattle, poultry (in "battery farms") and fish [Wikipedia].

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_farming

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_cage

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish


• Semi-industrial aquaculture in perspective of Vietnam whether it is small, medium or large scale, it’s productivity should reach to the semi-intensive level ( 2-20 tons/ha/yr.) [3], using some inputs such as seed, feeds, aeration; and some mechanization operations are in place.

• It defers with the traditional method of aquaculture where it depends only on natural feeds available in system, and all operations are manual labor.


2.2 Species used for semi-industrial aquaculture in Vietnam

Dominant species:

• Mekong catfish (P.hypophthalmus): 80-120 tons/ha.crop

• Black tiger shrimp (P.monodon): 3-4 tons/ha.crop

Less by volume, but important species for semi-industrial

• White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei):5-6 t/ha.crop • Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus):10-12 tons/ha.crop • Cobia (Rachycentron canadum):8-10kg/m3 • Seabass (Lates calcarifer)


2.3 Semi-industrial systems

2.3.1 Site selection and pond layout

• Availability and adequacy of unpolluted water;

• Easy to access to electricity and communication;

• Easy to access to transportation and main road;

• Isolation from polluted sources including domestic, industrial, agriculture; and

• Easy to deal with earth work and carry out construction


Reser. for clean water to add to the grow out ponds 1ha

Grow out pond 11 ha

Grow out pond 21 ha

Grow out pond 31 ha

Grow out pond 41 ha

Treatment pond0.5 ha

Inlet Pump


• Size of pond or raiseway systems for fish or shrimp culture is ranging from a hectare to 5 hectares.

• Common size of the pond for catfish or shrimp culture is ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 ha.

• The water supply and drainage systems are separated.


• Reservoir size is of 15-20% of a total farm size to store clean water for supplementing during grow out period.

• Treatment pond size is of 10% of farm area for waste water is also required for any shrimp farm


2.4 Inputs

• Manufactured feeds (pellets, extruded feeds) for feeding animals

• Energy (electricity and gasoline) for aerators, water pumps and other facilities.

• Chemicals, probiotics for pond treatment

• Quality seed produced at hatcheries


3. Government policies to support semi-industrial and industrial aquaculture

• Government of Vietnam had given high priority to aquaculture with the long term vision on ” industrialization and modernization of the sub-sector” by year 2020-2025.


3. Government programmes to support aquaculture including semi-intensive

a) programme for aquaculture development for period 1999-2010 (coded 224);

b) programme for hatchery seed production of aquaculture species (coded 112);


c) credit programme for infrastructure improvement for aquaculture and agriculture (coded 132) ;

d) research and development programmes, and

e) biotechnology programme for aquaculture


4.Concerns on product quality in semi-industrial and industrial aquaculture

• Globalization and market trends create significant impacts on the way aquaculture products are produced.

• Great concerns of semi-industrial and industrial aquaculture are product quality


Applying :

• Good aquaculture practices

• Best management practices

• Bio-security priciples


5. Supports to cooperatives to operate semi-industrial aquaculture

• Strong policy to reorganize small scale producers into cooperatives or producer groups to improve their production capacity and competitive competence in market chain.


• In many communities, farmers themselves join together in a form of cooperatives (without financial contribution) to implement technical advices GAP, BMP; purchase feeds and seed, monitor water quality, survey diseases etc.


6. Research and development projects and Extension programme to promote industrial and semi-industrial aquaculture

• Central Government of Vietnam allocates funds for the research and development projects focusing on the industrial (semi-intensive, intensive) aquaculture


• Provincial authority is also allocating annual funds for research and extension works to promote aquaculture

• Research results are widely introduced to aquaculture practice through extension channels


• Many training programmes on semi-intensive and intensive technology are offered to the farmers

• Special TV channel 2 “education channel” and radio regularly show and introduce the news and technology of semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture

• extension materials are annually produced and disseminated


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