promising impacts of humic acid and some organic...

Egypt J Hort Vol 45 No 1 pp 105 - 119 (2018)

Corresponding author e-mail nosy_2010yahoocomDOI 1021608EJOH201834951061copy2017 National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC)

THE AIMS of this research were to minimizing mineral nitrogen fertilizers and evaluate the efficiency of some organic fertilizers individually or combined with

humic acid on yield fruit quality and leaf mineral content of ldquoWonderfulrdquo pomegranate trees This research was carried out through three successive seasons (2015 2016 and 2017) in Hegazi private orchard located at 57 kilometer from Cairo on the desert road to Alexandria Egypt on eight years old pomegranate trees ldquoWonderfulrdquo cv The experiment consists of two levels of humic acid (0 and 50 gtreeseason) and five nitrogen fertilizers form [chicken manure compost cattle manure mineral nitrogen as experiment control 40 kg actual Nfed and mineral nitrogen as orchard control 80kg actual Nfed] The experiment was designed in factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design All organic nitrogen sources applied at a rate of 40kg actual Nfed It could be concluded that humic acid addition affected lack significant on yield fruit physical and chemical properties and leaf nutrient contentGenerally chicken manure and compost gave the highest values of most characters followed closely by two mineral treatments When compared between two mineral N treatments the data revealed that 40kg Nfed year was sufficient to give the highest values of most studied parameters and was equaled by 80kg Nfed year Regarding the combination between humic acid and nitrogen fertilizers the data showed that chicken manure and compost without addition of humic acid gave the highest values of yield and fruit characters followed closely by two mineral treatments Thus it could be safely recommended by fertilizing with (40kg Nfed year) instead of (80kg Nfed year) on the other hand fertilizing by chicken manure or compost (40 g Ntreeyear) with or without humic addition (50 g treeyear) improved yield fruit physical amp chemical properties and reduce environmental pollution

Keywords Chicken manure Compost Cattle manure Fruit quality Leaf mineral content Mineral nitrogen Wonderful pomegranate trees Yield

8Promising Impacts of Humic Acid and Some Organic Fertilizers on Yield Fruit Quality and Leaf Mineral Content of Wonderful Pomegranate (Punica granatum L) TreesNoha AI Mansour Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Introduction

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L) was cultivated about 5000 years ago native to central Asia following to the (Family punicaceae) In Latin language pomegranate meaning ldquoseeded applerdquo It is a small tree or shrub with fantastic spring red flowers( Lansky and Newman 2007) The fruit of the pomegranate actually a berry naturally divides into small bits of seed and pulp called ldquoarilsrdquo Pomegranate are cultivated in tropical sub-tropical and Mediterranean region since ages especially in Spain Morocco Egypt and the drier parts of California Pomegranate species includes many cultivars such as Manfaloty El hamede Panaty El sokry and Wonderful Wonderful variety is well known in the world

and it is one of the most cultivated species in California and usually used as a commercial juice with high potential health benefits The fruit is red big with a bright appearance its peel thickness is moderate arils are small red and present a good juice yield with high soluble solids content high acidity (classified as sweet and sour variety) and a dark red color due to the high content of anthocyanins For these characteristics it is considered as a good variety for fresh market and also to be processed (Roy and Waskar 1997)

Humic substances such as organic matter humus humate humic acid fulvic acid and humin are play a main role in soil fertility and plant nutrition Plants grown on soils which contain adequate humin humic adds (HAs) and fulvic

106

Egypt J Hort Vol 45 No 1 (2018)

NOHA AI MANSOUR

adds (FAs) are less subject to stress healthy gave high yield and produced crops with high nutritional value Humic acid (polymeric poly hydroxy acid) is the most important ingredient of organic substances in biological systems Humic acid is high beneficial to plant and soil it is play a significant role for increasing microbial activity It is known as a plant growth bio-stimulate it promotes nutrient uptake as chelating agent and improves vegetative characteristics and nutritional status (Eissa Fawzia et al 2007 and Ismail et al 2007) Humic acid is a complex compound derived from organic matter decomposition Humic substances have indirect roles involve enhances of soil properties such as aggregation permeability aeration water holding capacity micronutrient transport and availability (Tan 2003)

The old Egyptian growers knew an important deal about the value of certain material to plant growth for they purposely applied both animal manure and ashes from burnt plants and weeds to the soil The Egyptians had the great luck that their soil was continually renewed with alluvial deposits and flooded by regular inundation from the Nile (Lowrison 1993) Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plant nutrition this fact was known in 19th century Nitrogen is added to plants through mineral and organic fertilization However part of mineral fertilizers used in crop production leaching to underground water causing disturbance in the biological balance and polluted underground water which in turn causes harmful effects for humans and animals (Postagate 1978) Organic farming is a new technique for agriculture production to avoid chemical fertilizers addition Eco-friendly effects on animal and human health encouraged farmers to convert to organic production (Fayed 2005) Organic manure is derived from animal or plant residues It is an excellent source of organic matter macro- amp micro-nutrients improves aeration physical condition of soil promotes root growth and production It is a sound practice for sustainable agriculture base on low synthetically input Integrated nutrient management is a production system which favors the maximum use of organic material and inhibits the use of chemical produced inputs for maintain soil productivity and fertility (Sudhakar et al 2002) Compost application improved the soil chemical composition by increasing cation exchange capacity and soil nutrient content (Shiralipour et al 1992) Chicken manure may be added as most available and economic alternate for compost to increase Superior grapevine yield fruit quality

and nutrients status as well as reducing pollution (Ahmed Abdelraheem et al 2015)

Therefore the targets of this study was to minimizing mineral nitrogen fertilizers and evaluate the efficiency of some organic fertilizers namely (chicken manure compost and cattle manure) individually or combined with humic acid on the yield fruit quality and leaf mineral content of Wonderful pomegranate trees

Materials and Methods

The experiment was carried out in three successive seasons (2016 2017 and 2018) in Hegazi private orchard located at 57 kilometer from Cairo on the desert road to Alexandria Egypt on eight years old pomegranate trees ldquoWonderfulrdquo cv planted at 2 times 5m apart around (420 trees Fed) grown under saran shading net and drip irrigation system was used Forty uniform and healthy trees with no visual nutrient deficiency symptoms were selected and devoted for carrying out this experiment The selected trees had the same agricultural treatments during three seasons of study The orchard soil was sandy loam the soil was analyzed according to Wilde et al (1985) (pH = 822 ECe =80 dSm CaCO3 =115 N= 1086 ppm P= 263 ppm and K= 1000ppm)

Under this farm conditions nitrogen fertilizers were added at the rate of 80 kg actual Nfed (1905 g Ntreeseason) The study consist of two levels of humic acid (0 and 50 gtreeseason) and five nitrogen fertilizers form namely (chicken ma-nure compost cattle manure two mineral nitro-gen treatments 40 and 80 kg actual Nfed Thus the experiment was laid out in factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design included ten treatments with four replicates and each replicate was represented by one tree

Regarding humic treatments the dose 50 gtreeseason (85 potassium humates) was added for selected trees around the dripper area in three equal doses at first week of March May and July by dissolving humic dose in one liter of water Control treatments (without humic acid) were irrigated with water

Organic nitrogen from (chicken manure compost and cattle manure it was applied at 40 kg Nfed each tree received (955 g Ntreeseason) Mineral nitrogen treatments were added through drip irrigation system from different sources of common mineral nitrogen fertilizers like [calcium nitrate (155) ammonium sulfate (205) and ammonium nitrate (335)] according to

107


PROMISING IMPACTS OF HUMIC ACID AND SOME ORGANIC hellip

the growth stage through the growing season while organic nitrogen sources (chicken manure compost and cattle manure) were added once in the second week of February in each season as a trench (30cm depth) under the drippers for each selected tree All organic nitrogen sources obtained from the same place for each season chemical analysis (average of three seasons) of the organic fertilizers was presented in Table 1

MeasurementsChlorophyll content and leaf dry matter

Twenty fully expanded leaves 3 to 4-month old from nonfruiting shoots at the middle third of the branch 5-7th leaves from plant top were collected in mid-July to measure chlorophyll content TABLE 1 Characteristics of different organic fertilizers sources

Properties Chicken manure Compost Cattle manureWeight of m3 (kg) 46000 63000 90017Moisture content () 2430 3560 2284pH value (110) 860 860 840

EC value (110) (mmohscm) 500 650 400

Organic matter () 6366 3758 900Total nitrogen () 270 145 120CN ratio 1189 1338 380K () 087 123 090P () 060 050 040

and leaf dry matter Chlorophyll content was measured by using a Soil Plant Analysis Division (SPAD) ndash 502 MINOLTA chlorophyll meter (Konica Minolta Business Solutions Tokyo Japan) Leaves were washed then weighted after air dried (fresh weight) Then leaves were oven dried at 60-70 till a constant weight (dry weight) and leaf dry matter was calculated

YieldAt maturity on the first week of October in

each season the average number of fruits tree was counted Twenty fruit from each tree (replicate) were harvested to get the average fruit weight of each treatment Such average was multiplied

by the average number of fruits tree to get the average yieldtree (kg)

Fruit qualityFor each season sample of six fruit tree were

randomly taken for the evaluation of physical and chemical fruit properties

Peel thickness (mm) peel weight (g) arils weight (g) juice weight (g) juice volume (ml) were determined and estimated percentages of arils fruit weight juicefruit weight and juice arils weight were calculated

The ascorbic acid content was determined by using 2 6 dichlorophenolindophenol dye and 3 oxalic acid as substrate Ascorbic acid was calculated as milligrams 100 milliliters of juice (AOAC 1995) Total acidity (TA) was determined by titrating10 ml of juice with 01 molL NaOH to pH81 (AOAC 1984) The acidity percentage was calculated as mg anhydrous citric acid per 100 milliliters of juice The total soluble solids (TSS) was determined as in juice by means of hand refractometer The TSS Acid ratio was calculated

Leaf mineral contentDry leaves which collected to determine

chlorophyll content and leaf dry matter were grounded and digested using sulphoric acid and oxygen peroxide to determine N P K Fe Zn and Mn Nitrogen was determined by the Micro-Kjeldahlmethod phosphorus was determined by the spectrophotometer potassium was determined by a flame photometer (Jackson 1973) Iron zinc and manganese were estimated by using an atomic absorption according to the method of (Cottenie et al 1982)

Statistical analysis The obtained data were statistically analyzed

by using the analysis of variance as reported by (Snedecor and Cochran 1980) Means were differentiated by using Duncanrsquos multiple range tests at 5 (Duncan 1955)

Results and Discussion

Effect on leaf chlorophyll content and leaf dry matter () of wonderful pomegranate

Results in Table 2 show that the effect of humic acid nitrogen fertilizers sources and their

108


NOHA AI MANSOUR

interaction on chlorophyll content and leaf dry matter during 2015 2016 and 2017 seasons Results concerning chlorophyll content revealed that chlorophyll content was affected significantly by humic acid in the second and third seasons only but with contrary effect Whereas chlorophyll content it was affected by nitrogen sources in the three seasons while cattle manure recorded the least values in the three seasons On the other hand the highest values were obtained by mineral nitrogen (treatments 1 amp 2 40 and 80 kg Nfed year) Regarding the interaction in most cases two mineral nitrogen treatments without humic acid gave the highest values of chlorophyll content Whereas cattle manure without humic gave the lowest values in the three seasons

Leaf dry matter percentage was significantly affected by humic acid the highest significant values observed by control trees especially in the first and third seasons Regarding the effects

of nitrogen sources and the interaction it was difficult to observe a constant trend

In this respect (Eman et al 2010) who reported that the combination between 50 of the recommended rate of mineral nutrients (1Kg ammonium sulphate+05Kg potassium sulphate +05 Kg super phosphate tree) +humic acid 25gtree gave the best results for all vegetative growth measurements of Arabi pomegranate trees while when this treatment was combined with humic acid at lower concentration 125 g tree or compost at rate of 25Kg tree the results showed intermediate values of vegetative growth parameters

Effect on fruit weight fruit number and yield of wonderful pomegranate

Results in Table 3 show that the effect of humic acid nitrogen fertilizers sources and their interaction on fruit weight fruit number and yield

TABLE 2 Effect of humic acid and some nitrogen fertilizers sources on leaf chlorophyll and leaf dry matter of wonderful pomegranate trees during 2015 2016 and 2017seasons

Humic acid (50gtreeyear)

Nitrogen fertilizers sourcesWithout With Mean Without With Mean

Leaf chlorophyll (SPAD) Leaf dry matter

2015 season Chicken manure 636c 626cd 631BC΄ 455de 455de 455B΄Compost 587cd 612cd 600C΄ 445e 439e 442B΄Cattle manure 559d 632c 595C΄ 545a 434c 490A΄Mineral 1 711a 644bc 678A΄ 513bc 490c 502A΄Mineral 2 705ab 633 c 669AB΄ 533ab 473cd 503A΄Mean 640A 630A 500A 458B

2016 seasonChicken manure 594ab 600a 597A΄ 298b 546a 422A΄Compost 573ab 589ab 582AB΄ 318ab 425ab 372A΄Cattle manure 523b 550ab 537B΄ 499ab 335ab 417A΄Mineral 1 564ab 600a 582AB΄ 362ab 442ab 402A΄Mineral 2 541ab 587ab 564AB΄ 373ab 432ab 402A΄Mean 559B 585A 370A 436A

2017 seasonChicken manure 646b 615bc 630B΄ 483bc 428de 442A΄Compost 618bc 607bc 613B΄ 455b-d 415e 437B΄Cattle manure 561d 593cd 577C΄ 459d-d 407e 430B΄Mineral 1 640bc 617bc 628B΄ 490b 483bc 487A΄Mineral 2 693a 640bc 667A΄ 533a 463b-d 488A΄Mean 632A 614B 478A 440B

In each season means of each of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizers sources or their interactions having the same letters are not significantly different at 5 level

109



of pomegranate trees during 2015 2016 and 2017 seasons

Results showed that in the first and second seasons only fruit weight was affected significantly by humic acid whereas control trees gave the higher values than treated one Fruit weight was affected significantly by nitrogen fertilizers sources especially in the second and third seasons whereas chicken manure and compost gave the higher values than other treatments followed closely by mineral nitrogen treatments (1and 2) in the third season Regarding the interaction the results indicated that combining compost or chicken manure with or without humic gave the highest value as compared with other combinations especially in the second and third seasons

Fruit number was significantly affected by humic acid levels in second season only and treated trees gave the highest values The results

showed that in the three seasons fruit number was significantly affected with nitrogen fertilizers sources whereas chicken manure and compost gave the higher values than other treatments epically in the first and third season On the other hand cattle manure gave the lowest significant values especially in the first and second seasons Regarding the interaction the trend was clearer in first and third seasons whereas chicken manure and compost with or without humic treatments gave the highest significant values On the other hand in most cases cattle manure with or without humic treatments gave lower values than other treatments

Yield was insignificantly affected by humic acid levels while in the third season control trees gave the highest significant value as compared with treated one Regarding nitrogen fertilizers sources it was clear that in three seasons chicken manure and compost gave the highest significant values On the other hand cattle manure gave

TABLE 3 Effect of humic acid and some nitrogen fertilizers sources on fruit weight fruit number tree and yield of wonderful pomegranate trees during 2015 2016 and 2017seasons


Nitrogen fertilizers sources

Without With Mean Without With Mean Without With Mean

Fruit weight (g) Fruits number tree Yield (kg tree)

2015 season

Chicken manure 4989ab 5089ab 5039A΄ 717a 617ab 667A΄ 349a 300b 329A΄

Compost 5467ab 4544b 5006A΄ 635ab 679ab 657A΄ 347a 308b 328A΄

Cattle manure 5656ab 5400ab 5528A΄ 405c 412c 408C΄ 223f 220f 223C΄

Mineral 1 5700a 4874ab 5287A΄ 443c 587ab 493B΄ 252de 283c 267B΄

Mineral 2 5589ab 4800ab 5194A΄ 4207c 566b 515B΄ 242ef 270cd 256B΄

Mean 5480A 4942B 524A 572A 283A 278A

2016 season

Chicken manure 5367a 4804ab 5085A΄ 537cd 627b 582B΄ 323a 302ab 312A΄

Compost 5325a 4942ab 5133A΄ 570c 573c 572B΄ 303ab 283a-c 293AB΄

Cattle manure 4242bc 3892ab 4067B΄ 500d 567c 533C΄ 212d 2202cd 216C΄

Mineral 1 4308bc 3900c 3854B΄ 577c 673a 625A΄ 248b-d 263a-d 256BC΄

Mineral 2 4208bc 3500c 4105B΄ 543cd 660ab 602AB΄ 229cd 232cd 230C΄

Mean 4690A 4208B 545B 620A 263A 260A

2017 season

Chicken manure 4856a-c 5700a 5278A΄ 597a 540a-d 568A΄ 289a-c 306ab 298A΄

Compost 5467ab 5056a-c 5261A΄ 577ab 567a-c 572A΄ 312ab 286a-c 299A΄

Cattle manure 4000bc 3933c 3967B΄ 520b-d 513b-d 517B΄ 207d 203d 205B΄

Mineral 1 5156a-c 4578a-c 4867AB΄ 503cd 513b-d 508B΄ 260a-d 235b-d 248B΄

Mineral 2 5044a-c 4536a-c 4700AB΄ 500d 497d 498B΄ 252a-d 217cd 235B΄

Mean 4904A 4725A 539A 526A 264A 250BIn each season means of each of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizers sources or their interactions having the same letters are not significantly different at 5 level

110


NOHA AI MANSOUR

TAB

LE

4 E

ffec

t of h

umic

aci

d an

d so

me

nitr

ogen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s on

frui

t phy

sica

l pro

pert

ies o

f won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 20

15 2

016

and

2017

seas

ons

Nitro

gen f

ertiliz

ers

source

s

Humi

c acid

(50g

tree

year

)

With

out

W

ith

M

ean

With

out

W

ith

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

Peel

weigh

t(g)

Peel

thick

ness

(mm)

Arils

weig

ht(g)

Juice

weig

ht (g)

Juice

volum

e (ml

)

2015

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2294

bc20

89bc

2192

B΄82

1bc

689d

755B

΄24

28a

2772

a26

00A΄

1906

a21

67a

2036

A΄17

94a

2089

a19

42A΄

Comp

ost

2556

ab19

05c

2231

A΄92

2a89

8ab

911A

΄24

56a

2378

a24

17A΄

1839

a18

17a

1828

A΄17

89a

1728

a17

58A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2922

a24

28a-c

2675

A΄78

4c67

7de

731B

΄26

33a

2583

a26

08A΄

1739

a18

06a

1772

A΄16

78a

1722

a17

00A΄

Mine

ral 1

25

00ab

2239

bc23

70AB

΄63

0de

603d

e61

7C΄

2789

a25

28a

2658

A΄20

61a

1689

a18

75A΄

1856

a16

16a

1736

A΄

Mine

ral 2

2489

ab21

11bc

2300

B΄63

7de

590e

613C

΄26

22a

2428

a25

25A΄

1872

a17

89a

1831

A΄17

22a

1689

a17

06A΄

Mean

2552

A21

55B

759A

692B

2586

A25

38A

1883

A18

53A

1768

A17

69A

2016

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2689

a18

89bc

2289

A΄52

1a38

9bc

455B

C΄27

83a

2294

bc25

39A΄

1900

a13

83cd

1642

A΄18

556a

1361

b16

08A΄

Comp

ost

2278

ab22

67ab

2272

A΄57

4a54

8a56

1AB΄

2561

ab19

61c-e

2261

A΄17

50ab

1317

cd15

33A΄

1728

a12

89b-d

1508

A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2189

ab18

72bc

2031

A΄62

3a61

8a62

1A΄

1733

de18

00de

1767

B΄11

11de

1194

c-e11

53B΄

1183

b-d11

72b-d

1178

B΄

Mine

ral 1

15

56c

1516

c15

36B΄

328c

364b

c34

6C΄

2039

cd17

22de

1881

B΄14

72bc

967e

1136

B΄13

56b-c

1030

d11

91B΄

Mine

ral 2

1789

bc14

83c

1636

B΄35

7bc

352c

355C

΄20

1 c-e

1556

e17

83B΄

1372

cd90

0e12

20B΄

1333

b-d10

50cd

1191

B΄

Mean

2100

A18

05A

481A

454A

2226

A18

67B

1521

A11

52B

1491

A11

81B

2017

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2056

a25

72a

2314

A΄48

9ab

483a

b48

6A΄

1978

ab26

83a

2337

A΄14

11ab

1928

a16

70A΄

1283

ab17

00a

1492

A΄

Comp

ost

2606

a24

06a

2506

A΄37

3b53

7ab

455A

΄23

50ab

2044

ab21

97A΄

1789

a14

50ab

1620

A΄16

72a

1344

ab15

08A΄

Cattle

man

ure

1983

a18

44a

1914

A΄57

8a48

5ab

532A

΄17

56b

1828

b17

92A΄

1156

b11

78b

1167

B΄10

89b

1100

b10

95B΄

Mine

ral 1

21

27a

1887

a20

07A΄

490a

b46

6ab

532A

΄24

44ab

2167

ab23

06A΄

1683

ab16

42ab

1663

A΄15

22ab

1511

ab15

16A΄

Mine

ral 2

2178

a16

83a

1931

A΄52

2ab

542a

b47

8A΄

2300

ab20

83ab

2192

A΄15

94ab

1522

ab15

58A΄

1489

ab14

44ab

1467

A΄

Mean

2190

A20

78A

491B

503A

2166

A21

61A

1527

A15

44A

1411

A14

20A

In eac

h seas

on m

eans o

f each

of h

umic

acid a

nd ni

troge

n fert

ilizers

sourc

es or

their i

nterac

tions

havin

g the

same

lette

rs are

not si

gnific

antly

diffe

rent a

t 5

level

111



the least values The data of interaction revealed that combining compost or chicken manure with or without humic gave higher values than other combinations especially in the second and third seasons While cattle manure with or without humic gave lower values than mineral treatments (40 and 80 kg Nfed year)

These results are in line with those obtained by (Altieri and Nicholls 2003) who reported that soil organic matter has been positively correlated to the soil fertility and crops productivity Soils with high organic matters in most cases exhibit good soil fertility and crops grown in such soils generally exhibit lower abundance of several insect Moreover (Eman et al 2010) revealed that 50 of the recommended rate of NPK (1Kg ammonium sulphate + 05Kg potassium sulphate +05 Kg super phosphate) tree) + humic acid at 25g tree gave the highest significant values of fruit numbers fruit weight and yield of Arabi pomegranate trees than other treatments On the other hand Marzouk and Kassem (2011) found that the application of organic manures (chicken manure cow dung and composted domestic refuse either alone or in combinations with mineral NPK on Zaghloul dates did not differ from each other in their effect on yield and fruit quality While Magda et al (2012) found that increasing humic acid doses from 32 to 48gtree enhanced vegetative growth and all yield and fruiting parameters of Manfalouty pomegranate trees

Effect on fruit physical properties of wonderful pomegranate

Results in Tables 4 and 5 show the effect of humic acid nitrogen fertilizers sources and their interactions on some fruit physical properties of pomegranate in 2015 2016 and 2017 seasons

Concerning peel weight was affected significantly by humic acid levels in first season only and control trees gave higher values than treated one On the other hand peel weight was affected significantly by nitrogen fertilizers sources in the first and second seasons only and in general different organic nitrogen sources (chicken manure compost and cattle manure) gave the highest values followed by mineral treatment (40kg Nfed year) Regarding the interaction the peel weight affected significantly by interaction in the first and second seasons only whereas compost and cattle manure without humic gave the higher values than most other treatments in both seasons expect chicken manure in the second season

Peel thickness was affected significantly by humic acid levels in the first season and the third seasons but with contrary trend Regarding nitrogen fertilizers sources the highest significant values were obtained by compost in the first and the second seasons followed by chicken manure and cattle manure in the second season Other treatment gave more or less similar values with the same statically stand point The interaction was clearer in the first and in the second seasons and compost with or without humic gave the highest values in both season followed by cattle manure with or without humic treatments and chicken manure without humic treatment in the second season

Arils weight was affected significantly by humic acid levels in the second season only whereas untreated trees gave the higher value than treated one Arils weight was significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizers sources in the second season only whereas chicken manure gave the highest significant followed closely by compost Other treatment gave more or less similar values with the same statically stand point The effect of interaction was clear in the second season whereas chicken manure and compost without humic gave the highest significant values

Results concerning juice weight and juice volume indicated that two characters were significantly affected by humic acid levels in the second season only whereas untreated trees gave the higher value than treated one It was observed that the highest values of juice weight and juice volume were obtained by chicken manure and compost in the second and the third season followed closely by mineral treatments (40 and 80 kg Nfed year) especially in the third season Results revealed that the interaction was significant in the second and the third seasons Whereas the highest significantly values were obtained by (chicken manure compost and mineral 1 amp2) with or without humic application

From the results in Table 5 it could be concluded that humic acid addition in most cases was lacked significance on physical properties percentage of wonderful pomegranate fruit (arilsfruit weight juicefruit weight and juice arils weight) On the other hand physical properties percentage of fruit were significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizers sources especially in the first and in the third seasons and the highest values were obtained by chicken manure and compost fertilizers followed by two mineral levels (40 and 80 kg Nfed year) While cattle manure fertilizer gave the lowest significant values in most cases

112


NOHA AI MANSOUR

TABLE 5 Effect of humic acid and some nitrogen fertilizers sources on some fruit physical properties percentage of wonderful pomegranate trees during 2015 2016 and 2017seasons




Arils fruit weight()

Juicefruit weight()

Juice arils weight()

2015 season

Chicken manure 488b-d 542a 515A΄ 383bc 422a 402A΄ 7839a 778a 780A΄

Compost 450d 524ab 487AB΄ 337d-f 400ab 368B΄ 749ab 763a 756AB΄

Cattle manure 466d 479b-d 472B΄ 308f 334d-f 321C΄ 661d 698cd 680C΄

Mineral 1 487b-d 521ab 504AB΄ 361b-e 344c-f 353B΄ 741a-c 715bc 728B΄

Mineral 2 466cd 507a-c 486AB΄ 332ef 374b-d 353B΄ 713bc 737a-c 725B΄

Mean 471B 515A 344B 375A 730A 738A

2016 season

Chicken manure 465a 477a 471A΄ 318ab 288a-c 303A΄ 684ab 602c-e 643A΄

Compost 479a 395a 437A΄ 328ab 265bc 297A΄ 684ab 671a-c 678A΄

Cattle manure 412a 467a 440A΄ 265bc 311a-c 288A΄ 644b-d 663a-c 654A΄

Mineral 1 474a 442a 458A 342a 248c 295A΄ 724a 562e 643A΄

Mineral 2 479a 450a 465A΄ 328ab 264bc 296A΄ 683ab 585de 633A΄

Mean 462A 446B 316A 275B 684A 617B

2017 season

Chicken manure 405a 473a 439AB΄ 289b 341ab 315AB΄ 715a-c 716a-c 715A΄

Compost 428a 403a 415B΄ 327ab 286b 306AB΄ 767a 701a-c 737A΄

Cattle manure 489a 458a 449AB΄ 290b 295b 292B΄ 658bc 643c 651B΄

Mineral 1 474a 474a 474A΄ 327ab 359a 343A΄ 690a-c 761a 725A΄

Mineral 2 456a 482a 469AB΄ 316ab 350ab 333AB΄ 693a-c 734ab 713A΄

Mean 440A 458A 310A 326A 704A 712AIn each season means of each of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizers sources or their interactions having the same letters are not significantly different at 5 level

Regarding the combination between humic and nitrogen fertilizers in most cases it is clear that physical properties percentage of wonderful pomegranate were increased by chicken manure and compost fertilizers followed by two mineral treatments under both humic levels

In this respect (Abd El-Rhman 2017 ) studied on Manfalouty pomegranate trees and pointed out that magnetic iron at 100g or 200gtree and potassium humate at 25g or 50gtree treatment gave the highest significant values of fruit grain percentage while the lowest values were obtained from untreated trees in both seasons

Effect on some fruit chemical properties of wonderful pomegranates Results in Table 6 show that the effect of humic acid nitrogen fertilizers sources and their interactions on fruit chemical properties of wonderful pomegranates trees in 2015 2016 and 2017seasons

TSS was significantly affected by humic acid levels in the second and in the third seasons but with contrary trend On the other hand TSS was significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizers sources whereas compost gave the highest values of TSS in the three seasons followed closely by mineral treatments (40 and 80 kg Nfed year) in the first and in the second seasons and with chicken manure fertilizer in the third season Regarding the interaction the lowest values were obtained when combing cattle manure with humic (50 g humic treeyear) In most cases the highest values were obtained by chicken manure and compost fertilizers followed closely by two mineral treatments under both humic levels

Acidity was significantly affected by humic application and 50 g humictreeyear gave the highest significant values especially in the second and in the third seasons In the most cases chicken manure fertilizer gave the lowest values

113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR

of acidity On the other hand mineral (1 and 2) treatments gave the highest values followed by compost Regarding the interaction the highest values were obtained when combing mineral (1 or 2) with humic (50 g humic treeyear) especially in the second and third seasons

Humic acid application did not affect TSS acid ratio in the first and second seasons but it reduced TSS acid ratio markedly in the third season On the other hand TSS acid ratio was significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizers sources especially in the second and third seasons and the highest values were obtained by chicken manure and compost fertilizers compared with two mineral levels (40 and 80 kg Nfed year) Regarding the interaction it was difficult to find a specific trend

Data concerning ascorbic acid showed that humic acid affected significantly on ascorbic acid in the first season only and the highest significant values were obtained by untreated trees compared to treated one The highest values of ascorbic acid were obtained by compost fertilizer With respect to combination between humic acid and nitrogen fertilizers sources it is observed that in the three seasons the highest values were obtained by compost under the first level of humic treatment Some other treatments gave more or less similar values with the same statistical stand point

In this respect Fathy et al (2010) pointed out that humic acid (foliar and soil applications) treatments gave the highest values of yield and fruit physical and chemical properties (fruit firmness juice SSC and SSCacidity ratio) of lsquoCaninorsquo apricot On the other hand Duttaray et al (2014) reported that pomegranate cultivar ldquoGaneshrdquo trees treated with 300g nitrogen in the form of urea + 1kg neem cake plant -1 gave highest values of TSS total sugar reducing sugar non-reducing sugar and ascorbic acid Acidity was also recorded the least values with this treatment

Effect on leaf macronutrients contentResults in Table 7 showed that the effect of

humic acid nitrogen fertilizers sources and their interactions on N P and K content in leaves of wonderful pomegranates trees in 2015 2016 and 2017seasons

Results proved that nitrogen content was insignificantly affected by the humic acid addition except in the first season It was clear that chicken manure and compost gave the highest values of nitrogen in three seasons respectively Regarding the interactions the highest values of nitrogen content were obtained by chicken manure and compost with or without humic treatments

especially in the second season In the most cases cattle manure with or without humic treatments gave the least values of nitrogen content On the other hand mineral treatments (40 and 80 kg Nfed year) with or without humic gave intermediate values between above treatment

Concerning phosphorus content the data revealed that P content was significantly affected by humic levels and 50 g humic treeyear level gave the least values of P content during three seasons On the other hand compost gave the higher values of phosphorus content than other treatments except in the second season Regarding the interaction in the first and in the third seasons chicken manure with humic acid at 50 g treeyear gave the least significant values of P content Other treatment gave more or less similar values with the same statically stand point

Potassium content was insignificantly affected by humic levels in the three seasons On the other hand mineral treatments (40 and 80 kg Nfed year) gave the highest values of K content followed closely by chicken manure and compost in the first and in the second season respectively Results revealed that the interaction was significant in the three seasons The trend was clearer in the second season than other seasons whereas the highest values of K were obtained by chicken manure and compost under any level of humic

In this respect Fayed (2005) pointed out that application of different organic manures on ldquoAnnardquo apple trees increased leaf NPK contents as compared with control trees Moreover Fawzi et al (2010) reported that individual addition of compost and cow manure as well as their combinations with biofertilizer increased N P K and Mg contents of ldquoLe-Conterdquo pear leaves Also Barakat et al (2012) reported that organic fertilizers plus humic acid or EM increasing NPK content in Newhall navel orange leaves compared with the chemical fertilizers

Effect on leaf micronutrients contentResults in Table 8 showed that the effect of

humic acid nitrogen fertilizers sources and their interactions on Fe Zn and Mn content in leaves of wonderful pomegranates trees in 2015 2016 and 2017seasons

Results concerning iron content was affected by humic addition in second season only whereas untreated trees gave the higher values than treated one It is obvious that iron content was increased by fertilizing with compost which gave the highest values especially in the first and in the third seasons From the interactions values

115



in three seasons it could be concluded that the highest values of iron content were obtained by compost without humic acid application in the three seasons In most cases other treatments gave more or less similar values with the same statically stand point especially in the first and third seasons

Results revealed that zinc content was significantly affected by humic addition in the second season only whereas untreated trees gave the highest significant value of leaf zinc content On the other hand zinc content was affected significantly by nitrogen sources in the first two seasons whereas compost gave the highest values followed by cattle manure and (chicken manure amp mineral 1) in the first and second season respectively It is observed that all organic nitrogen fertilizers gave the highest values of leaf zinc content under any level of humic especially in the first and in the third seasons

Values of manganese content were significantly affected by levels of humic in the first season only With respect to nitrogen fertilizers sources the highest values of manganese content were obtained by chicken manure and compost fertilizers followed closely by mineral 1 and mineral 2 in the second and in the third seasons Interactions results were varied from season to another but the trend was clearer in the first season whereas chicken manure and compost with humic at 50 g treeyear gave the highest significant values of manganese content in leaf

Ali et al 2017 revealed that granule humic (2 kgtree) application on six years old pomegranate trees cv lsquoBajestanirsquo effectively promoted nutrient uptake from soil and gave the highest values of N K Mg Fe and Zn content in the leaves of treated plants

TABLE 7 Effect of humic acid and some nitrogen fertilizers sources on N P and K content in leaves of wonderful pomegranate trees during 2015 2016 and 2017seasons




N P K

2015 season

Chicken manure 188ab 171a-c 179AB΄ 016ab 012b 014B΄ 062a-c 066ab 064AB΄

Compost 197a 180a-c 188A΄ 026a 024a 025A΄ 064ab 053c 058B΄

Cattle manure 158a-c 154bc 156B΄ 016ab 016ab 016B΄ 059bc 062a-c 060B΄

Mineral 1 167a-c 141c 154B΄ 017ab 016ab 017B΄ 067ab 072a 070A΄

Mineral 2 180a-c 158a-c 169AB΄ 017ab 015ab 016B΄ 061bc 066ab 063AB΄

Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season

Chicken manure 180a 158a-c 169A΄ 014e 014e 014C΄ 077a 070a-c 074A΄

Compost 175a 167ab 171A΄ 018a 015d 016B΄ 076ab 068a-c 072A΄

Cattle manure 138bc 134c 136B΄ 017c 017c 017A΄ 062c 063c ΄062B΄

Mineral 1 136c 131c 134B΄ 017c 017c 017A΄ 065bc 061c 063B΄

Mineral 2 138bc 136bc 137B΄ 017c 018b 017A΄ 062c 061c 061B΄

Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season

Chicken manure 171a 162ab 167A΄ 018ab 014b 016B΄ 066b 073a 070A΄

Compost 167a 158ab 162A΄ 020ab 021a 020A΄ 071ab 073a 072A΄

Cattle manure 134b 140ab 137B΄ 017ab 015ab 016B΄ 069ab 069ab 069A΄

Mineral 1 140ab 152ab 146AB΄ 019ab 017ab 018AB΄ 073a 073a 073A΄

Mineral 2 134b 145ab 139B΄ 019ab 016ab 018AB΄ 069ab 071ab 070A΄

Mean 149A 152A 018A 017B 070A 072AIn each season means of each of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizers sources or their interactions having the same letters are not significantly different at 5 level

116


NOHA AI MANSOUR

Conclusion and RecommendationFrom the foregoing results it could be

concluded that under our experiment conditions humic acid addition affected lack significant on yield fruit physical and chemical properties and leaf nutrient content This results are in line with those obtained by El-wakeel and Eid (2011) who reported that highest stem thickness of three years old Navel orange trees budded on sour orange rootstock on clay loam soil increment percentage was recorded by mixed nitrogen form (50 mineral N + 50 organic N) at 300 gtreeyear without K humate leaf dry matter percentage gave higher significant value without K humate addition than that of with K humate and also mixed nitrogen source at 300 gtreeyear without K humate recorded higher significant values of leaf potassium content compared with some other treatments In most cases all nitrogen fertilizers increased yield fruit physical and chemical properties when compared with cattle manure whereas chicken manure and compost gave the highest values of most characters such

yield arils weight TSS and leaf mineral content followed closely by two mineral treatments When compared between two mineral treatments it could be concluded that mineral 1 (40kg Nfed year) was sufficient for gave the high values equaled by mineral 2 (80kg Nfed year) That is according with (Eman et al 2010) who concluded that 50 of the fertilized Arabi pomegranate trees with recommended rate of NPK + humic acid 25g tree is the promising treatment Moreover it reduced half the amount of the recommended mineral fertilizers as well as soil pollution Regarding the combination between humic acid and sources of nitrogen fertilizers the data showed that chicken manure and compost under any level of humic gave the highest values of yield and fruit characters followed closely by two mineral treatments under any level of humic

Thus it could be safely recommended bybull For the conventional orchard of ldquoWonderfulrdquo

cv pomegranate fertilizing by (40kg N

TABLE 8 Effect of humic acid and some nitrogen fertilizers sources on Fe Zn and Mn content in leaves of wonderful pomegranate trees during 2015 2016 and 2017seasons




Fe (ppm) Zn (ppm) Mn (ppm)

2015 season

Chicken manure 1268bc 821c-e 1045B΄ 183a-d 179a-d 181BC΄ 491a 474a 483A΄

Compost 1346ab 1738a 1542A΄ 264a 256a 260A΄ 450ab 486a 468A΄

Cattle manure 1258bc 1120b-d 1189B΄ 218a-c 252ab 235AB΄ 423bc 393c-e 408B΄

Mineral 1 641e 721de 681C΄ 157cd 139cd 148C΄ 418b-d 357e 388B΄

Mineral 2 630e 697de 664C΄ 168b-d 129d 149C΄ 423bc 377d-e 400B΄

Mean 1029A 1020A 198A 191A 441A 417B2016 season

Chicken manure 1392a 676c 1034A΄ 155b 147b 151AB΄ 438a 422a 430AB΄

Compost 1109ab 978bc 1044A΄ 221a 133b 177A΄ 408a 448a 428AB΄

Cattle manure 842bc 859bc 851A΄ 136b 114b 125B΄ 396a 372a 384B΄

Mineral 1 918bc 885bc 902A΄ 154b 146b 150AB΄ 469a 470a 470A΄

Mineral 2 888bc 872bc 880A΄ 141b 128b 135B΄ 456a 450a 453AB΄

Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season

Chicken manure 785bc 776bc 781B΄ 176ab 247a 212A΄ 440ab 424ab 431AB΄

Compost 1209a 1078ab 1144A΄ 193ab 190ab 192A΄ 428ab 426ab 427AB΄

Cattle manure 642c 926a-c 784B΄ 137b 163ab 150A΄ 414ab 376b 395B΄

Mineral 1 717bc 787bc 752B΄ 175ab 128b 152A΄ 482a 450ab 466A΄

Mineral 2 688bc 772bc 730B΄ 166ab 128b 147A΄ 456ab 387b 421AB΄


117



fed year) instead of (80kg Nfed year) was sufficient for yield fruit quality and leaf mineral content and save cost

bull For the organic orchard of ldquoWonderfulrdquo cv pomegranate fertilizing by chicken manure or compost (40kg Nfed year) with or without humic addition (50 g treeyear) improved yield fruit physical and chemical properties and reduce environmental pollution

bull Therefore ldquoWonderfulrdquo cv pomegranate production in Egypt can depend on organic manure as an alternative to nitrogen mineral fertilizers or at least save its use in the production of organic ldquoWonderfulrdquo cv pomegranate as well as increasing in yield and fruit quality

Concerning the above observation of the study further researches are needed to verify the final recommendation May be pomegranate growers need another study on some different mixtures of organic fertilizers and between organic and mineral fertilizers

AcknowledgmentsMy sincere thanks and appreciation to the

management of Hegazi Company for its strong support for conducting the research experiment in pomegranate orchards belonging to the company

Funding statementsThis research did not get any external funding

Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest during this

research

References

Abd El-Rhman I E (2017) Effect of Magnetic Iron and Potassium Humate on Growth Yield and Fruit Quality of pomegranate Trees in Siwa Oasis Egypt International Journal of Environment 6 (3) 103-113

Abdelraheem A El-Wakeel H Abd El Hamid A and Noha Mansour (2015) Effect of Organic and Biological Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth Yield Fruit Quality and Nutritional status of Superior Grapevines J Biol Chem Environ Sci 10 (1) 481-503

Ali OT Sayed H G Babak M Mohammad AAS and Abdolkarim Z (2017) Effect of organic and biological fertilizers on pomegranate trees yield cracking sunburning and infestation to pomegranate fruit moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) J Crop Prot 6 (3) 327-340

Altieri MA and Nicholls C I (2003)Soil fertility management and insect pests harmonizing soil and plant health in agroecosystems Soil and Tillage Research 72 203-11

AOAC (1995) ldquoOfficial Method and Analysis of The Association oh The Official Analytical Chemistsldquo 16th ed Washington DCUSA pp 490-510

AOAC (1984) ldquoOfficial Methods of Analysis of The Association oh The Official Analytical Chemistsldquo15th ed Washington DC USA pp 414-420

Barakat MR Yehia TA and Sayed BM (2012) Response of Newhall Naval Orange to Bio-Organic Fertilization under Newly Reclaimed Area Conditions I Vegetative Growth and Nutritional Status Journal of Horticultural Science amp Ornamental Plants 4 (1) 18-25

Cottenie AVerlooMKiekensLVelghe Gand CamerlynckR (1982) ldquoChemical Analysis of Plants and Soils ldquo State Univ Ghent Belgium 63 44-45

Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests Biometrics 11 1- 42

Duttaray SK Takawale PV Chatterjee R and Hnamte V (2014) Yield and quality of Pomegranate as influenced by organic and inorganic nutrients The Bioscan 9 (2) 617-620

Eissa Fawzia M Faith MA and El-Shall SA (2007) The Role of humic acid and rootstock in enhancing salt tolerance of lsquorsquoLe-Contersquorsquo pear seedlings J Agric Sci Mansoura Univ 32 3651-3666

El Wakeel H and Eid MA (2011) The Response of Nonbearing Navel Orange Trees for Mineral and Organic Nitrogen Fertilization Treatments and K- Humate Addition Journal of American Science 7 (5) 121-141

Eman EK Abd-Ella Mervate SS and Wafaa AZ (2010) Effect of some organic and mineral fertilizer applications on growth and productivity of pomegranate trees Alexandria Science Exchange Journal 31 (3) 296 ndash 304

Fathy MA Gabr MA and El Shall SA (2010) Effect of humic acid treatments on lsquoCaninorsquo apricot growth yield and fruit quality New York Sci J 3 (12) 109-115

Fawzi M Shahin F Elham A and Kandil E (2010) Effect of organic and bio-fertilizers and magnesium sulphate on growth yield chemical composition and fruit quality of ldquoLe-Conterdquo Pear trees Nature and Science 8 273-280

118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

Fayed T (2005) Effect of some organic manures and biofertilizers on Anna apple trees 2-Yield and fruit characteristics Egyptian Journal of Applied Science 20 176-191

Ismail AF Hussien SM El- Shall SA and Fathi MA (2007) Effect of irrigation and humic acid on Le-Conte pear J Agric Sci Mansoura Univ 32 7589-7603

Jackson ML (1973) ldquoSoil Chemical Analysisrdquo Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited New Delhi 200 p

Lansky EP and Newman RA (2007) Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer J Ethnopharmacol 109 177ndash206

Lowrison GC (1993) ldquoFertilizer Technologyrdquo 2 nd ed Ellis Limited England 543 p

Magda M K Shaban AE El-Shrief AH and El-Deen Mohamed A S (2012) Effect of humic acid and amino acids on pomegranate trees under deficit irrigation I Growth flowering and fruiting Journal of Horticultural Science amp Ornamental Plants 4 (3) 253-259

Marzouk HA and Kassem HA (2011) Improving fruit quality nutritional value and yield of Zaghloul dates by the application of organic andor mineral fertilizers Scientia Horticulturae 127 249ndash254

Postagate J (1978) ldquoNitrogen Fixationrdquo 1st ed Edward Arnold Inc London p 64

RoyS and Waskar D (1997) Pomegranate In postharvest physiology and storage of tropical and subtropical fruits West Bengal India pp 365-374

Shiralipour A McConnell D and Smith W (1992)

Physical and chemical properties of soils as affected by municipal solid waste compost application Biomass and Bioenergy 3 261-266

Snedecor GW and Cochran WG (1972) ldquoStatistical Methodsrdquo 6th ed Iowa State Univ Press Ames Iowa pp 250-254

Sudhakar G Cristopher AL Rangaswamy A (2002) Effect of vermicompost application on the soil properties nutrient availability uptake and yield of rice-a review Agric Rev 23 (2) 127-133

Tan KH (2003) ldquoHumic Matter in Soil and Environment Principles and Controversiesrdquo Marcel Dekker Inc Madison New York 408 p

Wilde SA Gorey BB Layer JG and Voigt JK (1985) ldquoSoils and Plant Analysis for Tree Culturerdquo published by Mohan primlani Oxford and IBH publishing Co New Delhi pp 1- 142

(Received 10042018accepted 13052018)

119



التاثيرات الواعدة لحمض الهيوميك وبعض االسمدة العضوية علي المحصول وجودة الثمار والمحتوى المعدنى الوراق أشجار الرمان صنف ldquoوندرفول

نهى أحمد ابراهيم منصورقسم البساتين - جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - شبرا الخيمة - القاهرة - مصر

النتروجينية وتقييم استخدام بعض االسمدة المعدنية أمكانية خفض استخدام االسمدة لدراسة البحث يهدف هذا الرمان الشجار المعدنى والمحتوى الثمار وجودة المحصول علي الهيوميك أضافة مع أو مفردة العضوية صنف raquoوندرفولlaquo حيث أجريت الدراسة خالل ثالثة مواسم متعاقبة (2015- 2016 ndash 2017) فى مزرعة حجازى بالكيلو 57 طريق القاهرة اسكندرية الصحراوى علي أشجار الرمان صنف وندرفول عمر 8 سنوات وقد اشتلمت الدراسة علي مستويان للهيوميك (صفر 50 جم شجرةسنة) وخمسة صور للتسميد النتروجيني (سماد دواجن- كمبوست- سماد الماشية- معاملة الكنترول المعدنى للتجربة 40 كجم ن صافى فدانسنة - معاملةتصميم فى ووزعت عاملية التجربة كانت وعليه فدانسنة) صافى ن كجم 80 للبستان المعدنى الكنترول قطاعات كاملة العشوائية تمت أضافة جميع االسمدة العضوية بمعدل 40كجم ن صافى فدانسنة وقد أوضحت النتائج أن أضافة الهيوميك أعطت تاثيرات ضعيفه معنويا على المحصول وجودة الثمار والمحتوى المعدنى لالوراق ومن جهة أخرى أعطى سماد الدواجن والكمبوست أعلي القيم لمعظم للصفات المدروسة متبوعة مباشرةبمعاملتي التسميد المعدنى وعند مقارنة معاملتي الكنترول المعدنى معا وجد أن المعاملة 40 كجم ن صافى فدانسنة كانت كافية العطاء قيم عالية ومساوية للمعاملة 80 كجم ن صافى فدانسنة الغلب الصفات وبالنسبةالدواجن والكمبوست تحت أى مستوي من النتروجينى وجد أن سماد التسميد الهيوميك ومصادر للتفاعل بين الكنترول بمعاملتي مباشرة متبوعة للثمار الجودة وصفات للمحصول القيم أعلي أعطت الهيوميك مستويات المعدنى تحت أى مستوى من مستويات الهيوميك وعلى ذلك يمكن التوصية بالتسميد بـ 40 كجم ن صافى فدان سنة بدال من 80 كجم ن صافى فدانسنة ومن جهة أخرى وجد أن التسميد بسماد الدواجن أو الكمبوست بمعدل 40 كجم ن صافى فدانسنة سواء مع أضافة الهيوميك أو بدون أضافة عمل على تحسين المحصول وخصائص

الجودة للثمار وتقليل التلوث البيى

106


NOHA AI MANSOUR

adds (FAs) are less subject to stress healthy gave high yield and produced crops with high nutritional value Humic acid (polymeric poly hydroxy acid) is the most important ingredient of organic substances in biological systems Humic acid is high beneficial to plant and soil it is play a significant role for increasing microbial activity It is known as a plant growth bio-stimulate it promotes nutrient uptake as chelating agent and improves vegetative characteristics and nutritional status (Eissa Fawzia et al 2007 and Ismail et al 2007) Humic acid is a complex compound derived from organic matter decomposition Humic substances have indirect roles involve enhances of soil properties such as aggregation permeability aeration water holding capacity micronutrient transport and availability (Tan 2003)

The old Egyptian growers knew an important deal about the value of certain material to plant growth for they purposely applied both animal manure and ashes from burnt plants and weeds to the soil The Egyptians had the great luck that their soil was continually renewed with alluvial deposits and flooded by regular inundation from the Nile (Lowrison 1993) Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plant nutrition this fact was known in 19th century Nitrogen is added to plants through mineral and organic fertilization However part of mineral fertilizers used in crop production leaching to underground water causing disturbance in the biological balance and polluted underground water which in turn causes harmful effects for humans and animals (Postagate 1978) Organic farming is a new technique for agriculture production to avoid chemical fertilizers addition Eco-friendly effects on animal and human health encouraged farmers to convert to organic production (Fayed 2005) Organic manure is derived from animal or plant residues It is an excellent source of organic matter macro- amp micro-nutrients improves aeration physical condition of soil promotes root growth and production It is a sound practice for sustainable agriculture base on low synthetically input Integrated nutrient management is a production system which favors the maximum use of organic material and inhibits the use of chemical produced inputs for maintain soil productivity and fertility (Sudhakar et al 2002) Compost application improved the soil chemical composition by increasing cation exchange capacity and soil nutrient content (Shiralipour et al 1992) Chicken manure may be added as most available and economic alternate for compost to increase Superior grapevine yield fruit quality

and nutrients status as well as reducing pollution (Ahmed Abdelraheem et al 2015)

Therefore the targets of this study was to minimizing mineral nitrogen fertilizers and evaluate the efficiency of some organic fertilizers namely (chicken manure compost and cattle manure) individually or combined with humic acid on the yield fruit quality and leaf mineral content of Wonderful pomegranate trees

Materials and Methods

The experiment was carried out in three successive seasons (2016 2017 and 2018) in Hegazi private orchard located at 57 kilometer from Cairo on the desert road to Alexandria Egypt on eight years old pomegranate trees ldquoWonderfulrdquo cv planted at 2 times 5m apart around (420 trees Fed) grown under saran shading net and drip irrigation system was used Forty uniform and healthy trees with no visual nutrient deficiency symptoms were selected and devoted for carrying out this experiment The selected trees had the same agricultural treatments during three seasons of study The orchard soil was sandy loam the soil was analyzed according to Wilde et al (1985) (pH = 822 ECe =80 dSm CaCO3 =115 N= 1086 ppm P= 263 ppm and K= 1000ppm)

Under this farm conditions nitrogen fertilizers were added at the rate of 80 kg actual Nfed (1905 g Ntreeseason) The study consist of two levels of humic acid (0 and 50 gtreeseason) and five nitrogen fertilizers form namely (chicken ma-nure compost cattle manure two mineral nitro-gen treatments 40 and 80 kg actual Nfed Thus the experiment was laid out in factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design included ten treatments with four replicates and each replicate was represented by one tree

Regarding humic treatments the dose 50 gtreeseason (85 potassium humates) was added for selected trees around the dripper area in three equal doses at first week of March May and July by dissolving humic dose in one liter of water Control treatments (without humic acid) were irrigated with water

Organic nitrogen from (chicken manure compost and cattle manure it was applied at 40 kg Nfed each tree received (955 g Ntreeseason) Mineral nitrogen treatments were added through drip irrigation system from different sources of common mineral nitrogen fertilizers like [calcium nitrate (155) ammonium sulfate (205) and ammonium nitrate (335)] according to

107







EC value (110) (mmohscm) 500 650 400

















108


NOHA AI MANSOUR















109













2015 season






Mean 5480A 4942B 524A 572A 283A 278A

2016 season






Mean 4690A 4208B 545B 620A 263A 260A

2017 season







110


NOHA AI MANSOUR

TAB

LE

4 E

ffec

t of h

umic

aci

d an

d so

me

nitr

ogen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s on

frui

t phy

sica

l pro

pert

ies o

f won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 20

15 2

016

and

2017

seas

ons

Nitro

gen f

ertiliz

ers

source

s

Humi

c acid

(50g

tree

year

)

With

out

W

ith

M

ean

With

out

W

ith

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

Peel

weigh

t(g)

Peel

thick

ness

(mm)

Arils

weig

ht(g)

Juice

weig

ht (g)

Juice

volum

e (ml

)

2015

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2294

bc20

89bc

2192

B΄82

1bc

689d

755B

΄24

28a

2772

a26

00A΄

1906

a21

67a

2036

A΄17

94a

2089

a19

42A΄

Comp

ost

2556

ab19

05c

2231

A΄92

2a89

8ab

911A

΄24

56a

2378

a24

17A΄

1839

a18

17a

1828

A΄17

89a

1728

a17

58A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2922

a24

28a-c

2675

A΄78

4c67

7de

731B

΄26

33a

2583

a26

08A΄

1739

a18

06a

1772

A΄16

78a

1722

a17

00A΄

Mine

ral 1

25

00ab

2239

bc23

70AB

΄63

0de

603d

e61

7C΄

2789

a25

28a

2658

A΄20

61a

1689

a18

75A΄

1856

a16

16a

1736

A΄

Mine

ral 2

2489

ab21

11bc

2300

B΄63

7de

590e

613C

΄26

22a

2428

a25

25A΄

1872

a17

89a

1831

A΄17

22a

1689

a17

06A΄

Mean

2552

A21

55B

759A

692B

2586

A25

38A

1883

A18

53A

1768

A17

69A

2016

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2689

a18

89bc

2289

A΄52

1a38

9bc

455B

C΄27

83a

2294

bc25

39A΄

1900

a13

83cd

1642

A΄18

556a

1361

b16

08A΄

Comp

ost

2278

ab22

67ab

2272

A΄57

4a54

8a56

1AB΄

2561

ab19

61c-e

2261

A΄17

50ab

1317

cd15

33A΄

1728

a12

89b-d

1508

A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2189

ab18

72bc

2031

A΄62

3a61

8a62

1A΄

1733

de18

00de

1767

B΄11

11de

1194

c-e11

53B΄

1183

b-d11

72b-d

1178

B΄

Mine

ral 1

15

56c

1516

c15

36B΄

328c

364b

c34

6C΄

2039

cd17

22de

1881

B΄14

72bc

967e

1136

B΄13

56b-c

1030

d11

91B΄

Mine

ral 2

1789

bc14

83c

1636

B΄35

7bc

352c

355C

΄20

1 c-e

1556

e17

83B΄

1372

cd90

0e12

20B΄

1333

b-d10

50cd

1191

B΄

Mean

2100

A18

05A

481A

454A

2226

A18

67B

1521

A11

52B

1491

A11

81B

2017

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2056

a25

72a

2314

A΄48

9ab

483a

b48

6A΄

1978

ab26

83a

2337

A΄14

11ab

1928

a16

70A΄

1283

ab17

00a

1492

A΄

Comp

ost

2606

a24

06a

2506

A΄37

3b53

7ab

455A

΄23

50ab

2044

ab21

97A΄

1789

a14

50ab

1620

A΄16

72a

1344

ab15

08A΄

Cattle

man

ure

1983

a18

44a

1914

A΄57

8a48

5ab

532A

΄17

56b

1828

b17

92A΄

1156

b11

78b

1167

B΄10

89b

1100

b10

95B΄

Mine

ral 1

21

27a

1887

a20

07A΄

490a

b46

6ab

532A

΄24

44ab

2167

ab23

06A΄

1683

ab16

42ab

1663

A΄15

22ab

1511

ab15

16A΄

Mine

ral 2

2178

a16

83a

1931

A΄52

2ab

542a

b47

8A΄

2300

ab20

83ab

2192

A΄15

94ab

1522

ab15

58A΄

1489

ab14

44ab

1467

A΄

Mean

2190

A20

78A

491B

503A

2166

A21

61A

1527

A15

44A

1411

A14

20A

In eac

h seas

on m

eans o

f each

of h

umic

acid a

nd ni

troge

n fert

ilizers

sourc

es or

their i

nterac

tions

havin

g the

same

lette

rs are

not si

gnific

antly

diffe

rent a

t 5

level

111












112


NOHA AI MANSOUR






Juicefruit weight()


2015 season






Mean 471B 515A 344B 375A 730A 738A

2016 season






Mean 462A 446B 316A 275B 684A 617B

2017 season












113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







107







EC value (110) (mmohscm) 500 650 400

















108


NOHA AI MANSOUR















109













2015 season






Mean 5480A 4942B 524A 572A 283A 278A

2016 season






Mean 4690A 4208B 545B 620A 263A 260A

2017 season







110


NOHA AI MANSOUR

TAB

LE

4 E

ffec

t of h

umic

aci

d an

d so

me

nitr

ogen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s on

frui

t phy

sica

l pro

pert

ies o

f won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 20

15 2

016

and

2017

seas

ons

Nitro

gen f

ertiliz

ers

source

s

Humi

c acid

(50g

tree

year

)

With

out

W

ith

M

ean

With

out

W

ith

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

Peel

weigh

t(g)

Peel

thick

ness

(mm)

Arils

weig

ht(g)

Juice

weig

ht (g)

Juice

volum

e (ml

)

2015

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2294

bc20

89bc

2192

B΄82

1bc

689d

755B

΄24

28a

2772

a26

00A΄

1906

a21

67a

2036

A΄17

94a

2089

a19

42A΄

Comp

ost

2556

ab19

05c

2231

A΄92

2a89

8ab

911A

΄24

56a

2378

a24

17A΄

1839

a18

17a

1828

A΄17

89a

1728

a17

58A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2922

a24

28a-c

2675

A΄78

4c67

7de

731B

΄26

33a

2583

a26

08A΄

1739

a18

06a

1772

A΄16

78a

1722

a17

00A΄

Mine

ral 1

25

00ab

2239

bc23

70AB

΄63

0de

603d

e61

7C΄

2789

a25

28a

2658

A΄20

61a

1689

a18

75A΄

1856

a16

16a

1736

A΄

Mine

ral 2

2489

ab21

11bc

2300

B΄63

7de

590e

613C

΄26

22a

2428

a25

25A΄

1872

a17

89a

1831

A΄17

22a

1689

a17

06A΄

Mean

2552

A21

55B

759A

692B

2586

A25

38A

1883

A18

53A

1768

A17

69A

2016

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2689

a18

89bc

2289

A΄52

1a38

9bc

455B

C΄27

83a

2294

bc25

39A΄

1900

a13

83cd

1642

A΄18

556a

1361

b16

08A΄

Comp

ost

2278

ab22

67ab

2272

A΄57

4a54

8a56

1AB΄

2561

ab19

61c-e

2261

A΄17

50ab

1317

cd15

33A΄

1728

a12

89b-d

1508

A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2189

ab18

72bc

2031

A΄62

3a61

8a62

1A΄

1733

de18

00de

1767

B΄11

11de

1194

c-e11

53B΄

1183

b-d11

72b-d

1178

B΄

Mine

ral 1

15

56c

1516

c15

36B΄

328c

364b

c34

6C΄

2039

cd17

22de

1881

B΄14

72bc

967e

1136

B΄13

56b-c

1030

d11

91B΄

Mine

ral 2

1789

bc14

83c

1636

B΄35

7bc

352c

355C

΄20

1 c-e

1556

e17

83B΄

1372

cd90

0e12

20B΄

1333

b-d10

50cd

1191

B΄

Mean

2100

A18

05A

481A

454A

2226

A18

67B

1521

A11

52B

1491

A11

81B

2017

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2056

a25

72a

2314

A΄48

9ab

483a

b48

6A΄

1978

ab26

83a

2337

A΄14

11ab

1928

a16

70A΄

1283

ab17

00a

1492

A΄

Comp

ost

2606

a24

06a

2506

A΄37

3b53

7ab

455A

΄23

50ab

2044

ab21

97A΄

1789

a14

50ab

1620

A΄16

72a

1344

ab15

08A΄

Cattle

man

ure

1983

a18

44a

1914

A΄57

8a48

5ab

532A

΄17

56b

1828

b17

92A΄

1156

b11

78b

1167

B΄10

89b

1100

b10

95B΄

Mine

ral 1

21

27a

1887

a20

07A΄

490a

b46

6ab

532A

΄24

44ab

2167

ab23

06A΄

1683

ab16

42ab

1663

A΄15

22ab

1511

ab15

16A΄

Mine

ral 2

2178

a16

83a

1931

A΄52

2ab

542a

b47

8A΄

2300

ab20

83ab

2192

A΄15

94ab

1522

ab15

58A΄

1489

ab14

44ab

1467

A΄

Mean

2190

A20

78A

491B

503A

2166

A21

61A

1527

A15

44A

1411

A14

20A

In eac

h seas

on m

eans o

f each

of h

umic

acid a

nd ni

troge

n fert

ilizers

sourc

es or

their i

nterac

tions

havin

g the

same

lette

rs are

not si

gnific

antly

diffe

rent a

t 5

level

111












112


NOHA AI MANSOUR






Juicefruit weight()


2015 season






Mean 471B 515A 344B 375A 730A 738A

2016 season






Mean 462A 446B 316A 275B 684A 617B

2017 season












113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







108


NOHA AI MANSOUR















109













2015 season






Mean 5480A 4942B 524A 572A 283A 278A

2016 season






Mean 4690A 4208B 545B 620A 263A 260A

2017 season







110


NOHA AI MANSOUR

TAB

LE

4 E

ffec

t of h

umic

aci

d an

d so

me

nitr

ogen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s on

frui

t phy

sica

l pro

pert

ies o

f won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 20

15 2

016

and

2017

seas

ons

Nitro

gen f

ertiliz

ers

source

s

Humi

c acid

(50g

tree

year

)

With

out

W

ith

M

ean

With

out

W

ith

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

Peel

weigh

t(g)

Peel

thick

ness

(mm)

Arils

weig

ht(g)

Juice

weig

ht (g)

Juice

volum

e (ml

)

2015

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2294

bc20

89bc

2192

B΄82

1bc

689d

755B

΄24

28a

2772

a26

00A΄

1906

a21

67a

2036

A΄17

94a

2089

a19

42A΄

Comp

ost

2556

ab19

05c

2231

A΄92

2a89

8ab

911A

΄24

56a

2378

a24

17A΄

1839

a18

17a

1828

A΄17

89a

1728

a17

58A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2922

a24

28a-c

2675

A΄78

4c67

7de

731B

΄26

33a

2583

a26

08A΄

1739

a18

06a

1772

A΄16

78a

1722

a17

00A΄

Mine

ral 1

25

00ab

2239

bc23

70AB

΄63

0de

603d

e61

7C΄

2789

a25

28a

2658

A΄20

61a

1689

a18

75A΄

1856

a16

16a

1736

A΄

Mine

ral 2

2489

ab21

11bc

2300

B΄63

7de

590e

613C

΄26

22a

2428

a25

25A΄

1872

a17

89a

1831

A΄17

22a

1689

a17

06A΄

Mean

2552

A21

55B

759A

692B

2586

A25

38A

1883

A18

53A

1768

A17

69A

2016

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2689

a18

89bc

2289

A΄52

1a38

9bc

455B

C΄27

83a

2294

bc25

39A΄

1900

a13

83cd

1642

A΄18

556a

1361

b16

08A΄

Comp

ost

2278

ab22

67ab

2272

A΄57

4a54

8a56

1AB΄

2561

ab19

61c-e

2261

A΄17

50ab

1317

cd15

33A΄

1728

a12

89b-d

1508

A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2189

ab18

72bc

2031

A΄62

3a61

8a62

1A΄

1733

de18

00de

1767

B΄11

11de

1194

c-e11

53B΄

1183

b-d11

72b-d

1178

B΄

Mine

ral 1

15

56c

1516

c15

36B΄

328c

364b

c34

6C΄

2039

cd17

22de

1881

B΄14

72bc

967e

1136

B΄13

56b-c

1030

d11

91B΄

Mine

ral 2

1789

bc14

83c

1636

B΄35

7bc

352c

355C

΄20

1 c-e

1556

e17

83B΄

1372

cd90

0e12

20B΄

1333

b-d10

50cd

1191

B΄

Mean

2100

A18

05A

481A

454A

2226

A18

67B

1521

A11

52B

1491

A11

81B

2017

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2056

a25

72a

2314

A΄48

9ab

483a

b48

6A΄

1978

ab26

83a

2337

A΄14

11ab

1928

a16

70A΄

1283

ab17

00a

1492

A΄

Comp

ost

2606

a24

06a

2506

A΄37

3b53

7ab

455A

΄23

50ab

2044

ab21

97A΄

1789

a14

50ab

1620

A΄16

72a

1344

ab15

08A΄

Cattle

man

ure

1983

a18

44a

1914

A΄57

8a48

5ab

532A

΄17

56b

1828

b17

92A΄

1156

b11

78b

1167

B΄10

89b

1100

b10

95B΄

Mine

ral 1

21

27a

1887

a20

07A΄

490a

b46

6ab

532A

΄24

44ab

2167

ab23

06A΄

1683

ab16

42ab

1663

A΄15

22ab

1511

ab15

16A΄

Mine

ral 2

2178

a16

83a

1931

A΄52

2ab

542a

b47

8A΄

2300

ab20

83ab

2192

A΄15

94ab

1522

ab15

58A΄

1489

ab14

44ab

1467

A΄

Mean

2190

A20

78A

491B

503A

2166

A21

61A

1527

A15

44A

1411

A14

20A

In eac

h seas

on m

eans o

f each

of h

umic

acid a

nd ni

troge

n fert

ilizers

sourc

es or

their i

nterac

tions

havin

g the

same

lette

rs are

not si

gnific

antly

diffe

rent a

t 5

level

111












112


NOHA AI MANSOUR






Juicefruit weight()


2015 season






Mean 471B 515A 344B 375A 730A 738A

2016 season






Mean 462A 446B 316A 275B 684A 617B

2017 season












113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







109













2015 season






Mean 5480A 4942B 524A 572A 283A 278A

2016 season






Mean 4690A 4208B 545B 620A 263A 260A

2017 season







110


NOHA AI MANSOUR

TAB

LE

4 E

ffec

t of h

umic

aci

d an

d so

me

nitr

ogen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s on

frui

t phy

sica

l pro

pert

ies o

f won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 20

15 2

016

and

2017

seas

ons

Nitro

gen f

ertiliz

ers

source

s

Humi

c acid

(50g

tree

year

)

With

out

W

ith

M

ean

With

out

W

ith

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

Peel

weigh

t(g)

Peel

thick

ness

(mm)

Arils

weig

ht(g)

Juice

weig

ht (g)

Juice

volum

e (ml

)

2015

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2294

bc20

89bc

2192

B΄82

1bc

689d

755B

΄24

28a

2772

a26

00A΄

1906

a21

67a

2036

A΄17

94a

2089

a19

42A΄

Comp

ost

2556

ab19

05c

2231

A΄92

2a89

8ab

911A

΄24

56a

2378

a24

17A΄

1839

a18

17a

1828

A΄17

89a

1728

a17

58A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2922

a24

28a-c

2675

A΄78

4c67

7de

731B

΄26

33a

2583

a26

08A΄

1739

a18

06a

1772

A΄16

78a

1722

a17

00A΄

Mine

ral 1

25

00ab

2239

bc23

70AB

΄63

0de

603d

e61

7C΄

2789

a25

28a

2658

A΄20

61a

1689

a18

75A΄

1856

a16

16a

1736

A΄

Mine

ral 2

2489

ab21

11bc

2300

B΄63

7de

590e

613C

΄26

22a

2428

a25

25A΄

1872

a17

89a

1831

A΄17

22a

1689

a17

06A΄

Mean

2552

A21

55B

759A

692B

2586

A25

38A

1883

A18

53A

1768

A17

69A

2016

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2689

a18

89bc

2289

A΄52

1a38

9bc

455B

C΄27

83a

2294

bc25

39A΄

1900

a13

83cd

1642

A΄18

556a

1361

b16

08A΄

Comp

ost

2278

ab22

67ab

2272

A΄57

4a54

8a56

1AB΄

2561

ab19

61c-e

2261

A΄17

50ab

1317

cd15

33A΄

1728

a12

89b-d

1508

A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2189

ab18

72bc

2031

A΄62

3a61

8a62

1A΄

1733

de18

00de

1767

B΄11

11de

1194

c-e11

53B΄

1183

b-d11

72b-d

1178

B΄

Mine

ral 1

15

56c

1516

c15

36B΄

328c

364b

c34

6C΄

2039

cd17

22de

1881

B΄14

72bc

967e

1136

B΄13

56b-c

1030

d11

91B΄

Mine

ral 2

1789

bc14

83c

1636

B΄35

7bc

352c

355C

΄20

1 c-e

1556

e17

83B΄

1372

cd90

0e12

20B΄

1333

b-d10

50cd

1191

B΄

Mean

2100

A18

05A

481A

454A

2226

A18

67B

1521

A11

52B

1491

A11

81B

2017

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2056

a25

72a

2314

A΄48

9ab

483a

b48

6A΄

1978

ab26

83a

2337

A΄14

11ab

1928

a16

70A΄

1283

ab17

00a

1492

A΄

Comp

ost

2606

a24

06a

2506

A΄37

3b53

7ab

455A

΄23

50ab

2044

ab21

97A΄

1789

a14

50ab

1620

A΄16

72a

1344

ab15

08A΄

Cattle

man

ure

1983

a18

44a

1914

A΄57

8a48

5ab

532A

΄17

56b

1828

b17

92A΄

1156

b11

78b

1167

B΄10

89b

1100

b10

95B΄

Mine

ral 1

21

27a

1887

a20

07A΄

490a

b46

6ab

532A

΄24

44ab

2167

ab23

06A΄

1683

ab16

42ab

1663

A΄15

22ab

1511

ab15

16A΄

Mine

ral 2

2178

a16

83a

1931

A΄52

2ab

542a

b47

8A΄

2300

ab20

83ab

2192

A΄15

94ab

1522

ab15

58A΄

1489

ab14

44ab

1467

A΄

Mean

2190

A20

78A

491B

503A

2166

A21

61A

1527

A15

44A

1411

A14

20A

In eac

h seas

on m

eans o

f each

of h

umic

acid a

nd ni

troge

n fert

ilizers

sourc

es or

their i

nterac

tions

havin

g the

same

lette

rs are

not si

gnific

antly

diffe

rent a

t 5

level

111












112


NOHA AI MANSOUR






Juicefruit weight()


2015 season






Mean 471B 515A 344B 375A 730A 738A

2016 season






Mean 462A 446B 316A 275B 684A 617B

2017 season












113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







110


NOHA AI MANSOUR

TAB

LE

4 E

ffec

t of h

umic

aci

d an

d so

me

nitr

ogen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s on

frui

t phy

sica

l pro

pert

ies o

f won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 20

15 2

016

and

2017

seas

ons

Nitro

gen f

ertiliz

ers

source

s

Humi

c acid

(50g

tree

year

)

With

out

W

ith

M

ean

With

out

W

ith

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

Peel

weigh

t(g)

Peel

thick

ness

(mm)

Arils

weig

ht(g)

Juice

weig

ht (g)

Juice

volum

e (ml

)

2015

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2294

bc20

89bc

2192

B΄82

1bc

689d

755B

΄24

28a

2772

a26

00A΄

1906

a21

67a

2036

A΄17

94a

2089

a19

42A΄

Comp

ost

2556

ab19

05c

2231

A΄92

2a89

8ab

911A

΄24

56a

2378

a24

17A΄

1839

a18

17a

1828

A΄17

89a

1728

a17

58A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2922

a24

28a-c

2675

A΄78

4c67

7de

731B

΄26

33a

2583

a26

08A΄

1739

a18

06a

1772

A΄16

78a

1722

a17

00A΄

Mine

ral 1

25

00ab

2239

bc23

70AB

΄63

0de

603d

e61

7C΄

2789

a25

28a

2658

A΄20

61a

1689

a18

75A΄

1856

a16

16a

1736

A΄

Mine

ral 2

2489

ab21

11bc

2300

B΄63

7de

590e

613C

΄26

22a

2428

a25

25A΄

1872

a17

89a

1831

A΄17

22a

1689

a17

06A΄

Mean

2552

A21

55B

759A

692B

2586

A25

38A

1883

A18

53A

1768

A17

69A

2016

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2689

a18

89bc

2289

A΄52

1a38

9bc

455B

C΄27

83a

2294

bc25

39A΄

1900

a13

83cd

1642

A΄18

556a

1361

b16

08A΄

Comp

ost

2278

ab22

67ab

2272

A΄57

4a54

8a56

1AB΄

2561

ab19

61c-e

2261

A΄17

50ab

1317

cd15

33A΄

1728

a12

89b-d

1508

A΄

Cattle

man

ure

2189

ab18

72bc

2031

A΄62

3a61

8a62

1A΄

1733

de18

00de

1767

B΄11

11de

1194

c-e11

53B΄

1183

b-d11

72b-d

1178

B΄

Mine

ral 1

15

56c

1516

c15

36B΄

328c

364b

c34

6C΄

2039

cd17

22de

1881

B΄14

72bc

967e

1136

B΄13

56b-c

1030

d11

91B΄

Mine

ral 2

1789

bc14

83c

1636

B΄35

7bc

352c

355C

΄20

1 c-e

1556

e17

83B΄

1372

cd90

0e12

20B΄

1333

b-d10

50cd

1191

B΄

Mean

2100

A18

05A

481A

454A

2226

A18

67B

1521

A11

52B

1491

A11

81B

2017

seaso

n

Chick

en m

anure

2056

a25

72a

2314

A΄48

9ab

483a

b48

6A΄

1978

ab26

83a

2337

A΄14

11ab

1928

a16

70A΄

1283

ab17

00a

1492

A΄

Comp

ost

2606

a24

06a

2506

A΄37

3b53

7ab

455A

΄23

50ab

2044

ab21

97A΄

1789

a14

50ab

1620

A΄16

72a

1344

ab15

08A΄

Cattle

man

ure

1983

a18

44a

1914

A΄57

8a48

5ab

532A

΄17

56b

1828

b17

92A΄

1156

b11

78b

1167

B΄10

89b

1100

b10

95B΄

Mine

ral 1

21

27a

1887

a20

07A΄

490a

b46

6ab

532A

΄24

44ab

2167

ab23

06A΄

1683

ab16

42ab

1663

A΄15

22ab

1511

ab15

16A΄

Mine

ral 2

2178

a16

83a

1931

A΄52

2ab

542a

b47

8A΄

2300

ab20

83ab

2192

A΄15

94ab

1522

ab15

58A΄

1489

ab14

44ab

1467

A΄

Mean

2190

A20

78A

491B

503A

2166

A21

61A

1527

A15

44A

1411

A14

20A

In eac

h seas

on m

eans o

f each

of h

umic

acid a

nd ni

troge

n fert

ilizers

sourc

es or

their i

nterac

tions

havin

g the

same

lette

rs are

not si

gnific

antly

diffe

rent a

t 5

level

111












112


NOHA AI MANSOUR






Juicefruit weight()


2015 season






Mean 471B 515A 344B 375A 730A 738A

2016 season






Mean 462A 446B 316A 275B 684A 617B

2017 season












113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







111












112


NOHA AI MANSOUR






Juicefruit weight()


2015 season






Mean 471B 515A 344B 375A 730A 738A

2016 season






Mean 462A 446B 316A 275B 684A 617B

2017 season












113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







112


NOHA AI MANSOUR






Juicefruit weight()


2015 season






Mean 471B 515A 344B 375A 730A 738A

2016 season






Mean 462A 446B 316A 275B 684A 617B

2017 season












113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







113



TABL

E 6

Effe

ct of

hum

ic ac

id an

d so

me n

itrog

en fe

rtili

zers

sour

ces o

n ch

emica

l pro

pert

ies of

won

derf

ul p

omeg

rana

te tr

ees d

urin

g 201

5 20

16 an

d 20

17se

ason

s

Nitro

gen

fert

ilize

rs so

urce

s

Hum

ic ac

id (5

0gtr

eey

ear)

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

tW

ithM

ean

With

out

With

Mea

nW

ithou

t

With

Mea

n

TSS

Acid

ity

TSS

acid

ratio

Asco

rbic

acid

(mg

100m

l jui

ce)

2015

seas

on

Chick

en m

anur

e15

6ab

154a

b15

5BC΄

083b

090a

b08

7A΄

188a

172a

b18

0A΄

900b

c93

0a-c

915B

΄

Com

post

16

3ab

163a

b16

3A΄

096a

b09

2ab

094A

΄17

3ab

177a

b17

5A΄

1050

a97

5ab

1013

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

154a

b15

2b15

3C΄

087a

b10

6a09

7A΄

177a

b14

3b16

0A΄

960a

b87

0bc

915B

΄

Min

eral

1

158a

b16

5a16

1AB΄

093a

b10

1ab

097A

΄17

2ab

176a

b16

6A΄

87bc

803c

835B

΄

Min

eral

215

4ab

161a

b15

8A-C

΄09

7ab

096a

b09

6A΄΄

159a

b16

0ab

167A

΄95

7ab

810c

884B

΄

Mea

n15

7A15

9A09

1A09

7A17

4A16

6A94

7A87

8B

201

6 sea

son

Chick

en m

anur

e14

8cd

142d

e14

5B΄

093b

094b

094B

C΄16

1ab

150a

-c15

5AB΄

933b

833b

883B

΄

Com

post

14

8cd

153b

c15

1A΄

11a

094b

101A

B΄13

9c16

3a15

1AB΄

123a

933b

1083

A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

153b

c13

7e14

5B΄

094b

087b

091C

΄16

3a15

8a-c

160A

΄80

0b90

0b85

0B΄

Min

eral

1

144d

e16

2a15

3A΄

090b

12a

104A

΄16

1ab

137c

149A

B΄10

0ab

960b

980A

B΄

Min

eral

214

0de

158a

b14

9AB΄

094b

11a

104A

΄15

0a-c

140b

c14

5B΄

933b

900b

917A

B΄

Mea

n14

7B15

6A09

6B10

2A15

5A15

0A98

0A

90

5A

2017

seas

on

Chic

ken

man

ure

173a

173a

173A

΄11

5ab

073c

094B

΄16

03bd

244a

202A

΄81

0c10

8ab

945A

΄

Com

post

178a

174a

176A

΄07

5c13

0a10

2AB΄

241a

134c

-e18

8A΄

120a

960a

-c10

80A΄

Cattl

e man

ure

155b

c14

9c15

2B΄

113a

b09

8bc

105A

B΄14

1b-e

151b

-d14

5B΄

105a

-c84

0bc

945A

΄

Min

eral

116

6ab

142c

d15

4B΄

089b

c12

6a10

7AB΄

187

b11

29de

150B

΄96

3a-c

917b

c94

0A΄

Min

eral

216

5ab

134d

150B

΄09

2bc

141a

116A

΄18

0bc

968e

138B

΄95

4a-c

900b

c92

7A΄

Mea

n16

7A15

4B09

7B11

3A18

2A14

8B99

5A

93

9AIn

each

seas

on m

eans

of ea

ch of

hum

ic ac

id an

d nitr

ogen

ferti

lizer

s sou

rces

or th

eir in

terac

tions

hav

ing t

he sa

me l

etter

s are

not s

igni

fican

tly di

ffere

nt at

5 le

vel

114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







114


NOHA AI MANSOUR















115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







115











N P K

2015 season






Mean 178A 161B 018A 017B 063A 064A

2016 season






Mean 154A 145A 017A 016B 068A 065A

2017 season







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







116


NOHA AI MANSOUR











2015 season












Mean 1030A 854B 161A 134B 434A 432A

2017 season







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







117











research

References
















118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







118


NOHA AI MANSOUR

















119







119







promising impacts of humic acid and some organic...

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