Project Based Learning in Project Based Learning in the 8the 8thth grade Physical grade Physical

Science ClassroomScience Classroom

By: Dr. Brian DavisBy: Dr. Brian Davis

Benefits of Project based Benefits of Project based learninglearning

Preparing children for the workplace.Preparing children for the workplace. Children are exposed to a wide range of skills and competencies such as Children are exposed to a wide range of skills and competencies such as collaboration, project planning, decisionmaking, and time management (Blank, 1997; Dickinson et al., 1998).collaboration, project planning, decisionmaking, and time management (Blank, 1997; Dickinson et al., 1998).

Increasing motivation.Increasing motivation. Teachers often note improvement in attendance, more class participation, and greater Teachers often note improvement in attendance, more class participation, and greater willingness to do homework (Bottoms & Webb, 1998; Moursund, Bielefeldt, & Underwood, 1997). willingness to do homework (Bottoms & Webb, 1998; Moursund, Bielefeldt, & Underwood, 1997).

Connecting learning at school with reality.Connecting learning at school with reality. Students retain more knowledge and skills when they are engaged in Students retain more knowledge and skills when they are engaged in stimulating projects. With projects, kids use higher order thinking skills rather than memorizing facts in an isolated stimulating projects. With projects, kids use higher order thinking skills rather than memorizing facts in an isolated context without a connection to how and where they are used in the real world (Blank, 1997; Bottoms & Webb, context without a connection to how and where they are used in the real world (Blank, 1997; Bottoms & Webb, 1998; Reyes, 1998).1998; Reyes, 1998).

Providing collaborative opportunities to construct knowledge.Providing collaborative opportunities to construct knowledge. Collaborative learning allows kids to bounce ideas Collaborative learning allows kids to bounce ideas off each other, voice their own opinions, and negotiate solutions, all skills that will be necessary in the workplace off each other, voice their own opinions, and negotiate solutions, all skills that will be necessary in the workplace (Bryson, 1994; Reyes, 1998).(Bryson, 1994; Reyes, 1998).

Increasing social and communication skillsIncreasing social and communication skills Increasing problem-solving skillsIncreasing problem-solving skills (Moursund, Bielefeldt, & Underwood, 1997) (Moursund, Bielefeldt, & Underwood, 1997) Enabling students to make and see connections between disciplinesEnabling students to make and see connections between disciplines Providing opportunities to contribute to their school or communityProviding opportunities to contribute to their school or community Increasing self-esteem.Increasing self-esteem. Children take pride in accomplishing something that has value outside the classroom (Jobs Children take pride in accomplishing something that has value outside the classroom (Jobs

for the Future, n.d.).for the Future, n.d.). Allowing children to use their individual learning strengths and diverse approaches to learningAllowing children to use their individual learning strengths and diverse approaches to learning (Thomas, 1998). (Thomas, 1998). Providing a practical, real-world way to learn to use technology Providing a practical, real-world way to learn to use technology (Kadel, 1999; Moursund, Bielefeldt, & (Kadel, 1999; Moursund, Bielefeldt, &

Underwood, 1997). Underwood, 1997). A teacher in Washington State who has used project-based instruction in his math and science classes reports that A teacher in Washington State who has used project-based instruction in his math and science classes reports that

many students who often struggle in most academic settings find meaning and justification for learning by working many students who often struggle in most academic settings find meaning and justification for learning by working on projects (Nadelson, 2000). on projects (Nadelson, 2000).

Physical SciencePhysical Science I was really excited about the curriculumI was really excited about the curriculum Even though the topics were very appealing students still Even though the topics were very appealing students still

struggled with some conceptsstruggled with some concepts The Challenge: Looking at the curriculum, how do I keep The Challenge: Looking at the curriculum, how do I keep

them engaged?them engaged?

Teach to your most difficult student. Teach to your most difficult student. In my case….In my case…. That was me!That was me!

I GOT IT!!!!!I GOT IT!!!!!

Take a minute.Take a minute. Create a groupCreate a group In your group make sure you have someone In your group make sure you have someone

who is ….who is …. Good in MathGood in Math Writes wellWrites well A good public speakerA good public speaker An artistAn artist CreativeCreative A thinkerA thinker However, you cannot have more than three people However, you cannot have more than three people

in your groupin your group

Picture this….Picture this….

Your classroom is transformed into a U-Your classroom is transformed into a U-shaped room.shaped room.

Your science desks are covered with fabric to Your science desks are covered with fabric to resemble a table clothresemble a table cloth

There are ice water pitchers on each deskThere are ice water pitchers on each desk Students have to sit with their group and listen Students have to sit with their group and listen

to the presentationto the presentation You walk in and role-play the following…..You walk in and role-play the following…..

The transformationThe transformation

WELCOMEWELCOME

Davis Industries is a Davis Industries is a multi-billion dollar multi-billion dollar investment firm.investment firm.

Established in 1988.Established in 1988. We are currently We are currently

seeking investment seeking investment opportunities for our opportunities for our company. company.

Target Area of InterestTarget Area of Interest

The sports industry The sports industry generates several hundred generates several hundred billion dollars annually. billion dollars annually.

Davis Industries would like Davis Industries would like to invest in the growing to invest in the growing sports entertainment sports entertainment industry. industry.

We have a particular interest We have a particular interest in products that minimize in products that minimize sport related injuries. sport related injuries.

What we are looking for?What we are looking for?

We are interested in We are interested in investing $20 million in investing $20 million in the sports protective the sports protective device that has the device that has the greatest relevance, greatest relevance, feasibility, feasibility, marketability, and marketability, and return on our return on our investment. investment.

What each company will provide?What each company will provide?

A summary of the injury A summary of the injury addressed and your product addressed and your product designdesign

A description of the A description of the element/s used in the element/s used in the manufacturing of your manufacturing of your product and justification for product and justification for its selectionits selection

An alternate element and An alternate element and justification for its selectionjustification for its selection

A feasibility plan A feasibility plan

Follow Up?Follow Up?

We will convene in two We will convene in two weeks to listen to each weeks to listen to each company’s presentation.company’s presentation.

Good luck and I look Good luck and I look forward to your forward to your presentations.presentations.

In the Two WeeksIn the Two Weeks

The students receive the rubricThe students receive the rubric

The students work on their projects and The students work on their projects and designsdesigns

The students prepare for the presentationThe students prepare for the presentation

By: Stephanie Watts, Sarah Reisig, & By: Stephanie Watts, Sarah Reisig, & Amanda TurnerAmanda Turner

Extra! Extra! Read all about it!Extra! Extra! Read all about it!

Attention all sports players that participate in the Attention all sports players that participate in the following sports: lacrosse, baseball, volleyball, and following sports: lacrosse, baseball, volleyball, and softball.softball.

Q: How many times have you gotten hit in the face with Q: How many times have you gotten hit in the face with a ball and/or stick of some sort?a ball and/or stick of some sort?

A: S.A.S Industries has finally come up with a product A: S.A.S Industries has finally come up with a product that will kiss all those face bruises, aches, and pains that will kiss all those face bruises, aches, and pains goodbye forever.goodbye forever.

♥♥♥♥♥♥The Issue?♥♥♥The Issue?♥♥♥ Lacrosse players:Lacrosse players: Listen up! You only have goggles protecting Listen up! You only have goggles protecting

your face. So, let’s be honest…….with the way you always get your face. So, let’s be honest…….with the way you always get injured with the hard ball and sticks flying everywhere: Face injured with the hard ball and sticks flying everywhere: Face it……. You need more protection!it……. You need more protection!

Baseball athletes:Baseball athletes: Besides the catcher, everyone else is in the Besides the catcher, everyone else is in the open, especially the pitcher! S.A.S. Industries has found many open, especially the pitcher! S.A.S. Industries has found many cases where the pitcher of a team, whether it be baseball or cases where the pitcher of a team, whether it be baseball or softball, has to sit out of a game due to a hard driven ball directly softball, has to sit out of a game due to a hard driven ball directly to the pitcher’s face.to the pitcher’s face.

Volleyball team members:Volleyball team members: The ball is in the air constantly and The ball is in the air constantly and almost never touches the ground. You need a protection device almost never touches the ground. You need a protection device that will guard your facial features.that will guard your facial features.

♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥The Solution♥♥♥♥♥♥The Solution♥♥♥♥♥♥

Get your own Face Saver!Get your own Face Saver!

It’s so lightweight, yet durable, you could use It’s so lightweight, yet durable, you could use it for anything!it for anything!

For when beauty needs protection, reach for For when beauty needs protection, reach for the Face Saver!the Face Saver!

The Face SaverThe Face Saver

Q: What does it do?Q: What does it do?

A: The Face Saver guards and protects your A: The Face Saver guards and protects your facial features including your mouth, eyes, facial features including your mouth, eyes, nose, and jaw. So if a ball or stick is coming nose, and jaw. So if a ball or stick is coming your way and you have the Face Saver on….. your way and you have the Face Saver on….. then you will not have to worry about getting then you will not have to worry about getting whammed in the face!whammed in the face!

What is it made out of?What is it made out of? The bars are made with the element titanium. We used this The bars are made with the element titanium. We used this

element because it’s strong and lightweight. It is about six element because it’s strong and lightweight. It is about six times stronger than aluminum and about as twice as strong as times stronger than aluminum and about as twice as strong as iron. Titanium has a much better heat resistance than iron. Titanium has a much better heat resistance than aluminum as well. aluminum as well.

Our back-up element is aluminum. We picked this element to Our back-up element is aluminum. We picked this element to lean back on because it is also lightweight and strongly lean back on because it is also lightweight and strongly resistant to the damages of air, temperature, moisture, and resistant to the damages of air, temperature, moisture, and chemical attacks.chemical attacks.

There is a foam-covered frame to make the Face Saver more There is a foam-covered frame to make the Face Saver more comfortable for wearers. The foam also provides a slip-proof comfortable for wearers. The foam also provides a slip-proof grip.grip.

Around the back there is also an elastic strap to hold the Face Around the back there is also an elastic strap to hold the Face Saver securely into place while you are running around.Saver securely into place while you are running around.

The Face SaverThe Face Saver

S.A.S Industries hope that you will buy the S.A.S Industries hope that you will buy the new Face Saver to help your face stay safe.new Face Saver to help your face stay safe.

The Face Saver will be $70.00.The Face Saver will be $70.00. Additional costs will be made for Additional costs will be made for

personalization. personalization.

When beauty needs to be When beauty needs to be protectedprotected

And the winners are?And the winners are?

The science standards addressedThe science standards addressed S8CS5. Students will use the ideas of system, model, change, and scale in exploring

scientific and technological matters. b. Understand that different models (such as physical replicas, pictures, and analogies) can be

used to represent the same thing. S8CS9. Students will understand the features of the process of scientific inquiry. S8CS10. Students will enhance reading in all curriculum areas by: • Explore life experiences related to subject area content. S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter. a. Distinguish between atoms and molecules. b. Describe the difference between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures. c. Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas states. d. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter as physical (i.e., density,

melting point, boiling point) or chemical (i.e., reactivity, combustibility). e. Distinguish between changes in matter as physical (i.e., physical change) or chemical

(development of a gas, formation of precipitate, and change in color). f. Recognize that there are more than 100 elements and some have similar properties as shown

on the Periodic Table of Elements.

The Toy ProjectThe Toy Project

Launched in JanuaryLaunched in January Students had 16 weeks to complete the taskStudents had 16 weeks to complete the task Had the ability to select their own groupsHad the ability to select their own groups Each students provided with a complete packetEach students provided with a complete packet The students had two weeks to select their The students had two weeks to select their

partners.partners. Several components to the projectSeveral components to the project Age group was randomly selectedAge group was randomly selected

Five ComponentsFive Components

1)1) Design Design

2)2) Cost AnalysisCost Analysis

3)3) Advertising campaignAdvertising campaign

4)4) Safety AnalysisSafety Analysis

5)5) Final productFinal product

DesignDesign

The following will be our warnings and videos of our product of the safe way to use it. We will also show the new designs and modifications to it.

Edu-Purse

Melise Gathers

Britteney Arnold

Danielle Davis

Safety Analysis

SummaryOur product is the Edu-purse, for 3-5

year old girls. This purse will contain a talking wallet, a mirror, magnets, and money glued to the purse strap. Our scientific areas include titanium, magnets, copper, and . The purse itself will be made of blue jeans.

Concern # 1The detachable magnets on the front of the purse could cause a choking hazard.

WARNING

This product contains small parts that could present a choking hazard for small children.

Resolution: Warning label

Concern # 2Coins may cause choking hazard is removed.

Resolution Warning Label:

WARNING

Coins may cause a choking hazard to small children.

Concern # 3

The purse may become flammable if near heat.

Resolution

WARNING

Keep away from extreme heat

Concern # 4Food and, or beverages may cause damage to the speaker of the wallet inside. Resolution

WARNING

Do not put food or drinks inside the purse

Concern # 5Recorded wallet may cause electric shock if in contact with liquids.

Resolution

WARNING

Keep away from any liquid substances.

Concern # 6The zipper attached to the wallet may accidentally get caught up in hair or swallowed.

Resolution

WARNING

Be careful while using the wallet.

Concern # 7Magnets may be thrown, and injure someone.

Resolution

WARNING

Magnets may be thrown and possibly injure.

Concern # 8Mirror inside the purse may cause breakage of glass, that may hurt a small child.

Resolution

WARNING

Adult supervision may be necessary when in contact with the mirror.

BY:BY:Megan TitusMegan Titus

Rebecca StaggRebecca StaggKierstan MullinaxKierstan Mullinax

Cost ProductionCost Production

Aerial View of ParkAerial View of ParkTicket Booth

Around the World in 80

Seconds

Rest Rooms

Nurse

Drop of DoomDown and Derby

SnowCones

Corn Dogs

Funnel Cakes

Lemonade

Above It All

Scientific ComponentsScientific Components

ElectricityElectricity Around the World in Around the World in

80 Seconds80 Seconds

Scientific ComponentsScientific Components

PulleysPulleys Above it allAbove it all

Scientific ComponentsScientific Components

Kinetic and Kinetic and Potential EnergyPotential Energy Drop of DoomDrop of Doom

Scientific ComponentsScientific Components

MagnetsMagnets Down and DerbyDown and Derby

Raw MaterialsRaw Materials

WoodWood MotorMotor Metal wireMetal wire Magnetic baseMagnetic base Lead safe paintLead safe paint

CostCost It cost us $196.67 per unitIt cost us $196.67 per unit It cost us $127.13 with a 50% discountIt cost us $127.13 with a 50% discount It will be sold for $200.00It will be sold for $200.00 Similar competitors sell for $300.00 and are not assembled Similar competitors sell for $300.00 and are not assembled Most are for decoration onlyMost are for decoration only Profit per unit equals $72.87Profit per unit equals $72.87 To produce 1,000 units of out toy in bulk with a 50% discount cost us To produce 1,000 units of out toy in bulk with a 50% discount cost us

$127,130$127,130 To produce 1,000 units of our toy with no discount it cost us $198,670To produce 1,000 units of our toy with no discount it cost us $198,670

Mass ProducingMass Producing Produced in many factories in U.SProduced in many factories in U.S Sold at Wal*Mart ,Target, Kmart, and the hobby town store in KennesawSold at Wal*Mart ,Target, Kmart, and the hobby town store in Kennesaw 5 hours to produce 1 unit of our toy5 hours to produce 1 unit of our toy $8 an hour is Labor cost in U.S$8 an hour is Labor cost in U.S Manufactured in China is approximately $3 an hour for labor costManufactured in China is approximately $3 an hour for labor cost If we were to produce 100,000 units of this toy we would produce this in If we were to produce 100,000 units of this toy we would produce this in

China, due to cheaper labor costChina, due to cheaper labor cost It will be produced in the U.S because the high cost of shipping is too It will be produced in the U.S because the high cost of shipping is too

much to produce 1,000 units of our toymuch to produce 1,000 units of our toy The cost of shipping is more expensive than the cost and in laborThe cost of shipping is more expensive than the cost and in labor Mass producing this product will result in happy childrenMass producing this product will result in happy children

Small wood block

Wood block

Small wood block

Wood block

Wood block

Metal base

Wood block

Wood Block (Base)

Wood Block (sign)

Wood Block (hand crank)

Small Wood Blocks

Small wood pieces

Small wood block

Wood Block

Motor (inside)

Wood blocks Wood sticks

with cloth over them

Small Wood Block

Small wood blocks

Small wood blocks

Wood Block (seat)

Cost we originally purchased it For

Tax= $8.87(6%)

Labor cast=$40

Total Cost=$198.67

Box of 50 screws

Box of 100 nails$1.30

$1.31

1

1

1,000 units=$198,670

Materials Cost QuantityBasePlywood $2.25 1Feet $1.99 4Felt $3.12 5 FeetAdhesive Spray $2.99 1Down and Derby1 can primer $2.50 11 can base paint $0.50 1Magnetic base toy $6.00 1Wood Car $0.25 1Around the WorldGear Box Kit $6.25 1Battery Box $1.25 1Toggle Switch $1.75 1Small wood Dowel $0.25 1Basswood Strip $0.39 1Basswood Strip $0.60 1Wood Plane $0.25 1Wood tree $0.25 1Wood Cactus $0.25 18 nails $0.04 82 screws $0.02 2Drop of DoomWood dowel $0.55 12 basswood strips $3.19 2basswood strip $1.60 1Wood sign $0.25 1Above it AllPulley kit $3.13 1Basswood dowel $4.29 1Wood Sign $0.25 $1.00Concessions and Ticket BoothWood Sign $0.25 1Wire $1.00 1Siding $1.49 1Basswood strips $1.99 1Square wood dowels $0.45 1square wood shape $0.25 1Circle wood shape $4.25 1ExtrasWood glue $1.75 1Hot glue $1.50 1Paint $3.75 1Landscaping $10.00 1People(2 packs) $8.49 2Small signs $0.98 1

Total $80.31

Cost in Bulk with 50% discount

Tax=$4.82 Total=$127.13

Labor=$40

Box of 50 screwsBox of 100 nails

$1.30$1.31

11

1,000 units=$127,130

Manufacturing Cost per Unit

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Number of Units Manufactured

Co

st p

er U

nit

[$]

Advertising CampaignAdvertising Campaign

Advertising CampaignAdvertising Campaign

The science standards addressedThe science standards addressed S8CS5. Students will use the ideas of system, model, change, and scale in exploring

scientific and technological matters. b. Understand that different models (such as physical replicas, pictures, and analogies) can be

used to represent the same thing. S8CS9. Students will understand the features of the process of scientific inquiry. S8CS10. Students will enhance reading in all curriculum areas by: • Explore life experiences related to subject area content. S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter. a. Distinguish between atoms and molecules. b. Describe the difference between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures. c. Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas states. d. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter as physical (i.e., density,

melting point, boiling point) or chemical (i.e., reactivity, combustibility). e. Distinguish between changes in matter as physical (i.e., physical change) or chemical

(development of a gas, formation of precipitate, and change in color). f. Recognize that there are more than 100 elements and some have similar properties as shown

on the Periodic Table of Elements.

And many more.

The End ProductThe End Product

Take some time to visit the products around the Take some time to visit the products around the room.room.