programme of activities design document (poa-dd) -...

UNFCCC/CCNUCC

CDM – Executive Board

PROGRAMME DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM FOR

SMALL-SCALE CDM PROGRAMMES OF ACTIVITIES (F-CDM-SSC-PoA-DD)

Version 02.0

PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIES DESIGN DOCUMENT (PoA-DD)

PART I. Programme of activities (PoA)

SECTION A. General description of PoA

A.1. Title of the PoA

Pakistan Domestic Biogas Programme, CDM Programme of Activities

Version: 09

Date: 10/09/2012

A.2. Purpose and general description of the PoA

The goal of the Pakistan Domestic Biogas Programme, CDM Programme of Activities is to improve the

quality of life of rural farmers, particularly women, and their livelihoods in Pakistan through exploiting

the market and non-market benefits of domestic biogas. The Pakistan Domestic Biogas Programme

(PDBP) will be implemented through the development of commercially viable domestic biogas sector.

PDBP aims to construct domestic biogas plants at household level. These biogas plants displace the non

renewable biomass being used as domestic energy sources with biogas produced from the biogas plant

using animal manure. The biogas will be used as a fuel for cooking. Following the methodological

guidance under Programme of Activities (PoA), only the replacement of non renewable biomass (NRB)

is counted as emission reduction under the CDM.

The feasibility study of biogas programme estimates that at least 5 million domestic biogas plants can be

installed in Pakistan. This PoA envisions a period of 10 years to establish a biogas sector with the target

of installing 300,000 biogas plants. This vision can only be realized if the programme can be developed

as CDM project because the carbon revenue is the major source of fund for this project. Based on the

nature of the programme, this will be developed as CDM Programme of Activity (PoA). The total

estimated CER from this POA is around 783,000 CER per year once all these plants are installed.

The programme will be implemented through a modular approach. Each module will be carried out to fit

within a small-scale CDM Project Activity (CPA), which generates no more than 45 MWth power. The

financing of each module will be achieved through a combination of carbon financing and self financing

by users and through the use public sector funding for meeting technical assistance to the extent required.

The first module will be implemented in Punjab Province. Embassy of the Kingdom of Netherlands has

agreed to provide partial financial support to the project in Punjab with the remainder of the funds

coming from carbon financing.

Each CPA will include maximum of 20,000 domestic biogas plants, which will generate no more than

45MWth power output. The total estimated CPAs under this POA are 20. Total power output from each

CPA will be calculated as per described in section B.2 of Part II of this PoA.

Biogas construction companies (BCCs) promoted by the PDBP will be responsible for services such as

construction, after sales service, and user training.

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PDBP promotes biogas plants of 4-15 m

3 capacity. The cost of the biogas plants varies depending upon

the size of the plant. In December 2010, the average cost of the 10 m3 biogas plant is 43,933

1. To ensure

the quality of the plants, the programme provides PKR7,500 per plant per household as a quality-

ensuring discount (QED)2. The amount of QED would be reviewed regularly and may be varied based on

the review. This will work as the carbon rebate and an incentive to households that install the biogas

plant. The households invest the remaining cost, paying 79% to 88% of the price of the digester, and are

the owner of these plants. Each biogas household agrees by contract to transfer the right to the CO2

emission reductions to PBDP/RSPN.

Netherlands Development Organization (SNV) and Winrock International provide the technical support

for this programme.

As the carbon revenue will be realized in the later stages of the programme, PDBP will look for the

upfront carbon payment for the deficit amount to implement the project during the first 4 years of the

project.

This project targets the households who are currently using energy sources like non-renewable biomass

(firewood) for cooking purposes and have at least 2 buffaloes or cattle.

Major activities under the PoA are as follows:

1. Set up of the framework for the implementation of number of CPAs

2. Launch the CPAs in a modular approach in the provinces with a good market for biogas plant.

3. Design and facilitate to maintain the data base system (electronic and hard copy) to ensure

there is no double counting of the biogas plants.

Voluntary action

The proposed PoA is a voluntary action by PDBP/RSPN, the coordinating/managing entity of this PoA.

The implementation of the programme is not mandatory.

In addition to the quality ensuring discount from the programme, the household also invest for the

construction of the biogas plant. So the installation of biogas plants is a voluntary action by the

households.

Contribution for the sustainable development

The biogas plant has multiple benefits in terms of health, environment, gender etc. The benefits can be

categorized into three levels;

Household levels- Biogas provides energy source for cooking and lighting, improves health

through better indoor air quality and reduce the workload of women.

At the national level- It replaces the use of non renewable biomass and contributes towards forest

conservation. The biogas sector creates employment at local level and contributes towards the

development of responsible private sector enterprises.

At the global level- it reduces the green house gas emission and contributes towards the climate

change mitigation.

Biogas is such a product that contributes to almost all the aspects of the MDGs.

1 PDBP Guidelines 3 – Determination of Plant cost, 2011

2 PDBP Guidelines 1- Quality Ensuring Discount Delivery Mechanism, 2011

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Table 1: MDGs and Biogas programs

Millennium

Development Goals

(MDGs)

Domestic Biogas Contribution

Eradicate extreme

poverty and hunger

Through employment and increased agriculture yield, improved sanitation

and integrated animal husbandry practices

Achieve universal

primary education

Direct impact through reduced drudgery (time collecting firewood, for

example), especially for girls, as well as access to brighter light

Promote gender equality

and empower women

Reduces the burden of collecting firewood on women and allows the

alternative allocation of precious time of, in particular, the female members

of the household, empowers women by offering opportunities in the

development of the National Domestic Biogas Programme as operators of

biogas plants, construction companies.

Reduce child mortality Reduced air pollution, associated respiratory diseases and accidents from

open fire, improved sanitation and hygiene education, reduced parasitic

infections, diarrhoea and other water and vector-borne diseases

Improve maternal health Direct impact through reduced drudgery, improved indoor environment, etc.

Combat HIV/AIDS,

malaria and other

diseases

Biogas stoves replace conventional cook stoves and energy sources, virtually

eliminating indoor smoke pollution and, hence, the related health risks (e.g.,

respiratory and eye diseases, burning accidents of women and children)

Ensure environmental

sustainability

Reduced deforestation, controlled GHG emission by replacing the firewood

for cooking, and recycled nutrients and restored soil fertility

A.3. CMEs and participants of PoA

Rural Support Programmes Network (RSPN) is the coordinating/managing entity (CME) of the Pakistan

Domestic Biogas Programme -PoA.

RSPN was registered in 2001 under Pakistan‟s Companies Ordinance (1984) as a non-profit company by

the Rural Support Programmes (RSPs) of Pakistan. RSPN is a network of 11 RSPs (AJKRSP, AKRSP,

BRSP, GBTI, NRSP, PRSP, SRSO, SGA, SRSP, FIDA and TRDP), and N-IRM. The RSPs involve poor

communities (mainly but not exclusively rural) in improved management and delivery of basic services

through a process of social mobilization. RSPN is a strategic platform for the RSPs: it provides capacity

building support to them and assists them in policy advocacy and donor linkages. Currently, the RSPs

have a presence in 108 out of 131 districts (districts include those in the four provinces, Gilgit-Baltistan

and AJK) and 2 out of 13 Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Frontier Regions. The RSPs

collectively work with a rural membership of community organizations of 4.8 million rural households.

Project Participants under PoA:

Rural Support Programmes Network is the Project Participant.

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A.4. Party(ies)

Name of Party involved (host)

indicates a host Party

Private and/or public

entity(ies) project participants

(as applicable)

Indicate if the Party involved

wishes to be considered as

project participant (Yes/No)

Pakistan (Host) Rural Support Programmes

Network –Private entity (Project

Participant)

No

The contact information on entity responsible for the PoA is attached as Appendix 1.

A.5. Physical/ Geographical boundary of the PoA

The Pakistan Domestic Biogas Programme -PoA is located in the Pakistan. The geographical boundary of

the PoA will be the Pakistan, which is located within the latitudes 23°35‟ and 37°05‟ N, and longitudes

60°50‟ and 77°50‟ E.3. The PoA can include biogas plants constructed all over Pakistan.

Figure 1: Map of the Pakistan

A.6. Technologies/measures

The technologies used in the PoA are domestic biogas plants of fixed dome type. Proven in several other

countries, the technology is robust, reliable and requires little maintenance. The concrete – masonry

3 http://www.pakistan.gov.pk (About Pakistan Tab)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_parallel_north

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_parallel_north

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/61st_meridian_east

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78th_meridian_east

http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/

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structure can be constructed with locally available materials and skills, and typically has a life of over 20

years. The programme covers the biogas plants with capacity ranging from 4-15 m3.

The biogas plants will provide biogas to meet the thermal energy needs of households which have at least

2 heads of cattle (cows or buffaloes). These plants will be of fixed dome design constructed only as per

the specifications in the “Modified GGC Model Biogas Plant for Pakistan, Construction Manual,

February 2009”. All the plants will follow the quality standards set by the program. (Please see “PDBP

Program Guidelines, February 2011- Guideline 2: Quality Control”). The GGC 2047 model was initially

designed and developed in Nepal and slight modified for the local context in Pakistan. This model is

considered to be reliable, well functioning, simple, durable and with low maintenance cost.

All the biogas stoves included in each CPA will replace the use of non renewable biomass with biogas

produced from the biogas plant using animal manure.

The biogas plants are based on a uniform technical design and are manufactured and installed following

established technical standards. This model is designed for cow/buffalo manure as a feed material. So the

households feed cow/buffalo dung mixed with water into the biogas plant, which through anaerobic

digestion produces biogas. The biogas produced in the digester goes to the kitchen through a pipe. The

biogas contains around 60% of methane and burns with clear blue flame.

The biogas digester is made up of several interconnected parts. The specific role of each component is

summarized below:

Inlet – The main purpose of the inlet is to mix organic material and water into homogenized mixture.

This mixture is fed into the digester via an inlet pipe. A manual mixer in the inlet helps mix the organic

material and water thoroughly.

Digester – The digester holds the mixture of manure and water while microorganism activity produces

biogas in an anaerobic condition. It is cylindrical in shape and is made of brick masonry with a concrete

dome cover.

Dome - The purpose of the dome is to collect the gas produced in the digester. This is plastered in

several layers and painted with a special paint in order to make it gas tight. Gas accumulates under the

dome creating pressure and pushing down the level of the slurry and increasing the slurry level in the

connected slurry tank. It is the difference in slurry levels between the slurry tank and the inside of the

dome that maintains the pressure to push the gas into the outlet pipe and into the kitchen.

The Main Valve - The main gas valve releases the collected gas under the dome to the biogas stove.

Biogas Stove: Gas is conveyed to the biogas stove in the kitchen in galvanized iron (GI) pipes. Biogas

produced burns through the biogas stove for cooking purpose.

Water Drain – The water drain is put in at the lowest profile of the GI pipe conveying gas to the kitchen.

Its purpose is to release any condensed water from the pipeline. It needs to be opened periodically to

release condensed water.

Slurry Tank: The slurry tank holds the slurry that the gas pressure from under the dome displaces. This

slurry overflows into a composting tank as more manure is fed into the digester. The slurry (bio slurry)

can either be used directly as a fertilizer in its liquid form or can be turned more solid after it has been

composted with other organic material.

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Figure below illustrates the design of the GGC 2047 Model Biogas Plant

Figure 2: Design of the GGC 2047 Model Biogas Plant

A.7. Public funding of PoA

Besides from the investment of the households, there may be use of public fund. The programme may

receive funding from:

Embassy of the Kingdom of Netherland

Government of Pakistan

Other Donors

In such case, the funding agency will issue a letter to confirm that the public funding to support to the

PDBP does not result in a diversion of Official Development Assistance and is separate from and is not

counted towards the donor country‟s financial obligations as party included in Annex 1 countries. Each

of the CPA may have different funding mix. Relevant information will be provided in CPA DDs.

SECTION B. Demonstration of additionality and development of eligibility criteria

B.1. Demonstration of additionality for PoA

The systems being promoted in all CPAs included in this PoA are domestic biogas plants. The CPAs

solely composed of the isolated biogas plants where the households are the users. The power output of

each biogas plant is 1.96kWth (thermal units) which is no larger than 5% of the small scale CDM

thresholds.

According to the “GUIDELINES ON THE DEMONSTRATION OF ADDITIONALITY OF SMALL-

SCALE PROJECT ACTIVITIES” version 09, paragraph 1, project participants shall provide an

explanation to show that the project activity would not have occurred anyway due to at least one of the

following barriers

a) Investment Barrier

b) Technological Barrier

c) Barrier due to prevailing practices

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d) Other barriers

As per the Paragraph 2 of the guidelines, documentation of barriers is not required for the positive list of

technologies and project activity types that are defined as automatically additional for project sizes up to

and including the small-scale CDM thresholds (e.g. installed capacity up to 15 MW). The positive list

also comprises of:

Project activities solely composed of isolated units where the users of the technology/measure

are households or communities or Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and where the size1 of

each unit is no larger than 5% of the small-scale CDM thresholds;

Domestic biogas plants being promoted in this PoA fulfil the criteria of the positive list.

Isolated renewable technology units,

The users are households, and

The power output of each plant is 1.96kWth (thermal units) which is not larger than 5% of the

small-scale CDM thresholds.

Biomass is the main source of fuel for cooking in Pakistan. Baseline scenario is described in section B.4

of Part II of this PoA. Installation of biogas plant will replace the use of non renewable biomass being

used for cooking. In the absence of the POA, households continue using non renewable biomass for

cooking that result into GHG emission. Hence the PoA is additional.

B.2. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of a CPA in the PoA

The eligibility criteria for inclusion of a SSC-CPA in the PoA are:

Table 2: Eligibility Criteria for inclusion of a SSC-CPA

S.

No.

Eligibility Criteria

1 All biogas plants listed in the CPA should be the household biogas plants of size ranges from 4-

15 m3.

2 All the biogas stoves included in each CPA will replace the use of non renewable biomass. The

prior construction survey form will be completed for all households constructing biogas plants.

Data on use of biomass in the baseline situation will be collected. The biogas plants will be of

fixed dome design constructed only as per the specifications in the “Modified GGC Model Biogas

Plant for Pakistan, Construction Manual, February 2009”. All the plants will follow the quality

standards set by the program. (Please see “PDBP Program Guidelines, February 2011- Guideline

2: Quality Control”).

3 A CPA will include maximum of 20,000 plants to fit within a small-scale CPA activity which

generates no more than 45 MWth power.

4 Each biogas plant listed in the CPA will have a unique number. For example the unique code

number of the plants constructed in Faisalabad will be FSD-P000001, FSD-P000002 and so on.

„FSD‟ represents Faisalabad, one of the districts in Panjab and „P‟ represents for Punjab province.

Similarly for the plants constructed in Sargodha district the plant code number will be like SGD-

P000001, SDG-P000002 and so on. Data base will also invariably include the GPS coordinates of

the plant location which will also be unique for each plant. So there will be no risk of double

counting.

5 All biogas plants listed in the CPA should be located in Pakistan.

6 All biogas plants listed in the CPA should be implemented under the PDBP

7 All CPAs should perform the CPA level stakeholder consultation

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8 All CPAs should be verified to prevent double counting and are not registered as a separate CDM

project activity, nor as part of another registered CDM PoA.

9 The households installing the biogas plants are the owner of the plants. They should sign an

agreement with the project participant to transfer the carbon credit rights of these plants

10 Confirmation that SSC-CPA is not a de-bundled component of another large-scale CPA or CDM

project activity as per the latest guidance given in the CDM EB. As per the Guidelines on

assessment of de-bundling for SSC project activities, the biogas programme SSC CPA DD need

not justify de-bundling refer section C of Part I of the PoA DD.

11 Starting date of all CPAs will be after the commencement of validation of Programme of

activities i.e. the date on which the CDM-POA-DD is first published for the global stakeholder

consultation. In this case the CDM –POA-DD was first published on December 11, 2010, and

the start date of any CPA will not be prior to this date. The documentary evidence presented for

start date of CPA 1 and subsequent CPAs will include date of commencement of the validation of

the PoA; and data of launch of CPA as signified by substantial investment and start of

construction,

12 All the CPAs will comply with the CDM methodology used for this PoA i.e. AMS I.E version 4.

Applicability criteria for the methodology will be

Each CPA will be with within the limit of 45MWth (thermal units) power output i.e.

maximum number of plants included in any CPA will be 20,000

the end user technology will be biogas stove, that replaces the use of non renewable

biomass

Each CPA will demonstrate that non-renewable biomass has been used in the baseline

since 31 December 1989.

Leakage in each CPA will be accounted by multiplying the quantity of biomass that is

substituted or replaced (By) by a net to gross adjustment factor of 0.95.

13 All CPAs will meet the requirements pertaining to the demonstration of additionality of the PoA

and typical CPA. Each CPA must demonstrate the project‟s additionality by applying relevant

guidelines and the standards of UNFCCC i.e.‟ Standard for Demonstration of Additionality,

Development of Eligibility Criteria and application of multiple methodologies for Programme of

Activities‟; Guidelines for the demonstration of additionality of small scale project activities.

Conditions for the additionality would be:

The biogas plants installed under each CPA would be isolated units.

The users of the plants would be households.

The size of the each unit will be no larger than 5% of the small scale CDM thresholds.

14 Target group of all the CPAs will be cattle (cows/buffalos) holding household in the rural and

semi urban areas, which are using non renewable biomass as cooking fuel; and interested to use

the biogas for cooking purpose. These households will be distributed across Pakistan. Private

sector Biogas Construction Companies trained by PDBP will install the biogas plants as per the

prescribed design and quality parameters at these households. PDBP technician will do the

quality inspection.

15 If funding from annex -1 parties is received for any CPA, it should be confirmed that funding

from Annex -1 parties does not result in a diversion of official development assistance.

16 Sampling requirements are in accordance with the “Standard for sampling and surveys for CDM

project activities and programme of activities.”

B.3. Application of methodologies

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AMS-I.E. Version 4 “Switch from Non-Renewable Biomass for thermal applications by the user” will be

used as baseline and monitoring methodology for SSC-CPA included in this PoA. This methodology is

approved by the CDM EB on its 56th meeting. This methodology is approved by the EB for the

application of PoA. (Meeting Report of EB37, paragraph 26)

SECTION C. Management system

Rural Support Programme Network is the coordinating and managing entity of this PoA. PDBP/RSPN

has an office set up in Islamabad and project offices will be established in the respective project areas.

An Area Office for the implementation of CPA 1 is already established in Faisalabad.

PDBP has 23 regular, qualified and competent staffs including;

Program Manager 1,

Area Manager 1,

Finance Officer 1,

Training and extension officer 1,

Management Information System Officer 1,

Communication officer 1,

Marketing officer 1,

Biogas technicians 7 and

Necessary administrative/support staffs.

Manager, Special Projects from RSPN provides the overall supervision to the program. Chief Executive

Officer of RSPN provides the overall leadership to the program.

Figure: 3- Staffing Structure of the PDBP is as below

Two International Advisors from SNV and Winrock International provide advisory services to the PDBP.

SNV (www.snvworld.org) is a leading organisation worldwide in establishing a market led domestic

biogas sector. With its extensive experience in managing and advising the domestic biogas sector in

several countries in Asia and more recently in Africa, SNV brings in a wealth of knowhow and lessons

http://www.snvworld.org/

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learnt. Similarly Winrock International (www.winrock.org) brings its expertises and experiences in

carbon financing and micro financing of energy services. RSPN (www.rspn.org.pk) is the network of 11

Rural Support Programmes in Pakistan and brings strong linkages with the rural households who could

be potential biogas plant users.

Area/project office will be mostly responsible for the implementation of the biogas programme.

Islamabad office works as the secretariat for the PDBP Steering Committee, provide the managerial

support for the programme, carry out the coordination among the relevant stakeholders and develop the

subsequent CPAs/modules of the programme.

As PDBP follows the standardized approaches for training, plant design, quality control and data

management systems; inclusion of CPA into the PoA would be done by ensuring each CPA meets all

requirements and eligibility criteria before inclusion in the registered PoA.

The first CPA is being implemented by RSPN, the coordinating and managing entity. Future CPAs would

either be implemented by RSPN or by other implementing agencies. In either case PDBP/RSPN will be

involved from the very beginning of CPA set up. Experiences and knowledge resources of CPA 1 will be

shared/used to design and implement the other CPAs effectively and efficiently.

PoA Management System

a) Roles and responsibilities of key management positions for the operation and management

of PoA

Table 3: Management Positions and Roles

Management Position Management Roles

Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Facilitate the Registration of PoA

Resource Mobilization and identification of partners for

subsequent CPAs

Decision on inclusion of CPAs in the registered PoA once any

CPA meets all the eligibility criteria

Manager, Special Projects Ensure Proper overall management of PoA

Implementation of Program of Activities

Technical review of the eligibility of CPAs to be included in the

registered PoA

Programme Manager, PDBP Ensure the program management as per the guidelines of CDM

POA.

Check the CPAs as per the eligibility criteria of set in POA

Check the documentary evidences to support the eligibility

criteria, application of methodology and additionality criteria;

and compliance of CPAs to be included in the registered PoA

Train or organize training programs for CPA implementing

agency for CDM processes and recent UNFCCC guidelines

Awareness creation about the POA among potential project

partners.

Facilitate the process of CPA DD development, validation and

verification

Area manager Coordinate the CPA level activities

Supervise the management information system

Facilitate the process of monitoring and quality control

http://www.winrock.org/

http://www.rspn.org.pk/

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Train or organize training programs for the construction of

plants and quality control mechanism

Gather the information about the new CPA and check the

completeness of the documentation before forwarding to the

Programme Manager.

Finance Officer Investment analysis of the CPA

Financial Documentation Check

Management Information

System (MIS) Officer Develop and update the data management system and software

Data entry and management in data base system

Ensure there is no double counting of any plant within the CPA

and across the CPAs

Ensure the proper management of records related to plants and

users survey

Review the data management system of CPA

Train the MIS officer of other CPA

Once the number of CPAs will be increased more people will be hired for its better management of the

PoA. The competencies of the key personnel currently working in these positions is attached in Appendix

7.

b) Records of arrangement for training and capacity development for the personnel

One of the approaches of the PDBP is to develop the capacity of program staff and partners so that

domestic biogas sector would be developed sustainably. PDBP offers various in-country and

international training and capacity building programs for its staff for their professional growth.

PDBP organizes the training programmes for the staff involved in the implementation and management

of PoA. Capacity building activities include international courses and workshops, in-country training and

in-house training programmes. International Advisors from SNV and Winrock International together

with other senior staffs of RSPN facilitate the capacity building activities of the PDBP programme staff.

Hands on training are common and more frequent from which staffs enhance their areas of expertise in

relevant areas including PoA implementation and management. SNV organize network meetings in a

regular basis. PDBP/RSPN staff share the experiences with and learn from biogas experts from other

countries, where similar domestic biogas projects are ongoing. Based on the need assessment, further

training programmes will be organized for the effective management of PoA and its CPAs.

c) Procedures for the technical review of inclusion of CPAs

The process below will be followed for the technical review of inclusion of CPAs

CPA implementing agency can be either RSPN or any other relevant agencies for future CPAs.

Once the implementation of any CPA is decided, the concept document outlining the project with

project area, project targets, potential funding sources and proposed project management structure

will be developed and submitted to CME.

If the proposed project seems potential to be included as CPA, the Area manager will gather the

necessary documents of the project and send to the programme manager to process the inclusion of

CPA into registered PoA.

Programme Manager will check the documentary evidences to support the eligibility criteria,

application of methodology and additionality criteria; and other compliance of CPAs to be included

in the registered PoA. Program Manager also facilitates the process of CPA DD development.

Technical review of the eligibility of CPAs to be included in the registered PoA will be done by

Manager, Special Projects.

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CEO of CME will take the decision to include the CPA into registered POA, in case the proposed

CPA meets all eligibility criteria, conditions of applicability of methodology and conditions of

additionality.

Once the number of CPA increased, more personnel will be hired for the effective management of

PoA.

(d) A record keeping system for each CPA under the PoA,

Each CPA is defined as consisting of digesters installed within a pre-defined area and within the limits of

a small-scale activity (with thermal power output of 45 MWth) under the programme in a number of

locations. Each CPA may be of different size based on the financial structure and the location of the

project. First CPA will be implemented by RSPN. Other subsequent CPAs may be implemented by either

RSPN or other implementing agencies, which will maintain the CPA level database.

Record keeping system

CME in coordination with the CPA will maintain an electronic data base of the installed biogas

plants under this PoA by assigning a unique code number to each plant.

Following Data of each CPA will be maintained at CME level.

o Name of the CPA implementing agency:

o Name of the Province where the CPA is implemented:

o Name of the Districts where the plants are/will be installed:

o Longitude and latitude of the each district, from where the plants to be included in particular

CPA:

o Details of all plants installed and to be included in the CPA in electronic data base: (Plant ID,

Customer Name, Address, GPS coordinates, plant installation date, plant size)

CME will provide the training for the data management and documentation for maintaining the

consistency in all CPAs.

Biogas users‟ Survey will be conducted by third party annually for each CPA. CME will provide

support in designing the Biogas Users‟ Surveys for consistency and to ensure that the sampling

guidelines of UNFCCC are followed properly.

CPA will provide the periodic reports of the implementation progress to CME.

Forms and formats developed in CPA 1 will be shared with other CPA for consistency.

All other relevant electronic data and documentation will be kept at CPA level and will be available

during the verification.

(e) A system/procedure to avoid double accounting e.g. to avoid the case of including a new CPA

that has been already registered either as a CDM project activity or as a CPA of another PoA,

As each plant will have unique plant code number, there will be no room for double counting. These

numbers will be associated with the GPS location of the plant.

Avoiding double counting within a CPA

A Unique code number associated with the GPS location of the plant will be assigned to each plant. The

electronic data base system of PDBP is such that; if the GPS code entered is already in the system, an

error message appears and reads as “The data you requested to enter would create duplicate values and

the record would not be saved so please check the value”. So there is no chance of double counting. Hard

copies of the details of each plant are also maintained at CPA level. The verification can be done any

time for each plant.

Avoiding double counting across of this PoA

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Data management system is already developed for CPA 1 and that will be shared with other CPAs to

maintain the consistency. All CPAs will maintain the electronic data base of the installed plants and

share with CME. Electronic Data base of all the CPAs will be synchronized at CME level. So there is no

chance of double counting across CPAs within the PoA.

Avoiding double counting with other similar CDM projects of PoA (if any)

As of June 30, 2012; there is no other domestic biogas CDM project or PoA registered in Pakistan. To

ensure that the biogas plants included in other CDM projects (if any in future) are not included in any

CPA or vice-versa; information will also be regularly checked in the UNFCCC website. If any similar

project is registered, CME work with the project participant of registered CDM project to make the

arrangement about the data sharing to avoid double counting. CME will regularly coordinate with the

Designated National Authority (DNA) and the CDM Cell of Pakistan to find out if any other CDM or

voluntary carbon projects are in process of registration. If found any, CME will coordinate with the

respective project participants to make arrangement for data sharing to avoid double counting.

(f)The SSC-CPA included in the PoA is not a de-bundled component of another CDM programme

activity (CPA) or CDM project activity.

As per the provision of the Guidelines on assessment of de-bundling for SSC project activities, if each of

the independent system included in the CPA of a PoA is no greater than 1% of the Small Scale

thresholds defined by the methodology applied, then that CPA of PoA is exempted from performing de-

bundling check. In this project each biogas plant has a capacity of 1.96 kWth which is less than 1% of

the threshold. So the SSC –CPA is not a de-bundled component of another programme activity (CPA) or

CDM project activity.

(g)The provisions to ensure that those operating the CPA are aware of and have agreed that their

activity is being subscribed to the PoA;

While receiving the quality ensuring discount from the programme, the household (owner of the biogas

plant), signs an agreement with project proponent of each CPA and transfers the legal rights of carbon

credit to the project proponent.

At the CPA level, all the CPAs for the biogas project will be managed or coordinated by PBDP/RSPN,

which is also the coordinating entity for this PoA.

(h) System to check and control the state of verification of each CPA

Each CPA will be verified by the DOE. CME will maintain the database of various status of each CPA

included in the POA. CME will;

Check the status of verification of each CPA regularly.

Maintain all monitoring reports of all CPAs in accordance with the record keeping system identified

in the CDM-POA-DD

Select the DOE for the verification of CPAs.

Make available all monitoring reports requested by DOE for the verification purpose

(i) Measures for continuous improvements of the PoA management system

Data management and quality control process will be reviewed and updated periodically.

Management personnel will attend the relevant training programs for the effective management of

POA.

Quality control of monitoring and reporting will be done to comply with the UNFCCC standards.

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Relevant guidelines from the UNFCCC will be studied regularly and followed for the effective

management of PoA and it management system.

Similar domestic biogas programs are being implemented in other countries. SNV is providing

advisory services to many of these programs and Winrock is also involved in few of the programmes.

CME attends networking meeting regularly and will benefit from lessons from other countries as

well.

More key personnel will be employed as the number of CPAs increase.

SECTION D. Duration of PoA

D.1. Start date of PoA

13/12/2010.

The first plant to be included in the CPA 1 was installed on 13th December 2010. Hence the start date of

the PoA is 13/12/2010.

D.2. Length of the PoA

28 years

SECTION E. Environmental impacts

E.1. Level at which environmental analysis is undertaken

As per the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) regulation 2000, and

guidance from the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, PoA level Initial Environmental

Examination (IEE) was conducted. Environmental Impact Assessment is not required as the thermal

power output of a biogas plant is 1.96kWth . IEE is sufficient if the power output of a plant is less than

200kW as per the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency regulation 2000. Letter of approval was

obtained from the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency.

E.2. Analysis of the environmental impacts

As per the IEE,

Pakistan is an energy deficient country, a large part of the country‟s energy demands are met through

imports. There is therefore an urgent need to develop and provide additional energy resources,

particularly to communities whose basic energy needs are currently not being met. The proposed

programme to be implemented throughout the country at the household level will help towards achieving

this objective and will not result in any potential environmental impacts.

The assessment of any potential environmental impacts resulting from the proposed programme of

activities has been addressed in this IEE, which has covered in detail the following:

The proposed project activities;

Legislative requirements related to the project;

Potential environmental effects of the proposed project activities on physical, natural and

socio-economic receptors;

The IEE concludes that the proposed project activities will not lead to adverse environmental impacts of

any kind. Additionally, careful implementation of the environmental checklist will ensure that any

potential environmental impacts are managed and minimized and the project proponent meets all

statutory requirements.

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


SECTION F. Local stakeholder comments

F.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders

The local stakeholder consultation was done at the SSC-CPA level. Pakistan is a large country with a lot

of diversity across the various provinces. It is not practical to call representatives of all the provinces to

one place to invite their comments and suggestions. So it is decided to organize the local stakeholders‟

consultations at each CPA level.

As the first CPA is being implemented in Punjab Province of Pakistan, the local consultation meeting for

the first CPA was organized in Faisalabad, where PDBP has its area office. The process by which

comments from local stakeholders were invited and compiled is described in CPA DD.

F.2. Summary of comments received

Local stakeholder consultation will be done at SSC-CPA level. Summary of comments of each CPA will

be explained at CPA DD.

F.3. Report on consideration of comments received

Local stakeholder consultation will be done at SSC-CPA level. Report on consideration of comments

received will be explained in CPA DD.

SECTION G. Approval and authorization

Designated National Authority of Pakistan has provided the letter of approval and the letter is submitted

to DOE.

PART II. Generic component project activity (CPA)

SECTION A. General description of a generic CPA

A.1. Purpose and general description of generic CPAs

The Programme of Activities will consist of a set of CPAs, consisting of installations of domestic biogas

plants, which will substitute cooking energy sources like unsustainable woody biomass. The programme

will be implemented through a modular approach. Each module will be carried out to fit within a small-

scale CPA activity which generates no more than 45 MWth power. Each CPA will include maximum

20,000 domestic biogas plants. The first CPA will be in Punjab Province.

SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology

B.1. Reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology(ies) selected

AMS-I.E. Version 4 “Switch from Non-Renewable Biomass for thermal applications by the user” will be

used as baseline and monitoring methodology for SSC-CPA included in this PoA. This methodology is

approved by the CDM EB on its 56th meeting. This methodology is approved by the EB for the

application of PoA. (Meeting Report of EB37, paragraph 26)

B.2. Application of methodology(ies)

Each CPA to be included in the Pakistan Domestic Biogas Programme-PoA meets the applicability

criteria of AMS-I.E Version 4 as follows:

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Table 4: Applicability Criteria for AMS-I.E

SN Applicability Criteria for AMS-I.E Justification

i Within limit of small scale threshold of

45MW thermal power output:

The maximum number of biogas plants in each CPA

will not exceed 20,000 domestic biogas plants. As

explained below, with the power output of a biogas

plant is 1.96 kWth , maximum number of plants in a

CPA could be 22,951. Calculation on maximum

number of plants to be included in a CPA is given

below.*

ii This category comprises activities to

displace the use of non-renewable

woody biomass by introducing

renewable energy technologies.

Examples of these technologies include

biogas stoves, solar cookers passive

solar homes, renewable energy based

drinking water treatment technologies

The end user technology in this project is biogas stove.

iii Project participants are able to show

that non-renewable biomass has been

used since 31 December 1989, using

survey methods.

Pakistan has faced significantly high rates of

deforestation in the past. According to one estimate

[WRI and IIED (1988)], the forest area of Pakistan

decreased from 141530 square km in 1880 to 67310 in

1980; a decrease of 52 percent in one hundred years.

During the 1970‟s, the study estimates an annual

decrease of 1.5 percent per year [Vin Dijk and Hussein

(1994)]. Estimates of contemporary deforestation are

varied. Pakistan (1992c) reported that some 7000-9000

ha of forests were lost each year. Khattak (1994) puts

this estimate at 10,000 ha annually. Since these reports

came out in early nineties, these estimates cannot be

held true for the nineties. FAO (1998) provides the

most recent estimate of annual deforestation. It

reported that between 1990-95 Pakistan experienced

deforestation at a rate of 1.1 percent (55000 ha)

annually.4

The annual increment of the biomass in 1993 was

25,717,857 m3/year whereas the total consumption at

that time was 29,550,000 m3/year showing the clear

shortage. The share of non renewable biomass

consumed was 0.13 in Pakistan in 1993. Out of the

total consumption of 29,550,000 m3/year, 26,015,000

m3/year is for domestic fuel wood. Annual increment

was not even sufficient to meet the domestic fuel wood

consumption. (Data Source: Forestry Sector Master

Plan, Pakistan)

4 Analyzing Institutional Set-up of Forest Management in Pakistan, Lubna Hasan, RESEARCH ECONOMIST,

Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad Page no. 2

http://www.pide.org.pk/Research/Report182.pdf


UNFCCC/CCNUCC


As per the Supply and Demand Survey, 2003 done by

Department of Forest the total consumption of woody

biomass is 64,010,900 m3/year out of which the

46,023,000 m3/year (which is around 72% of the total

consumption) is for domestic fuel wood. This is

significantly higher than the total estimated annual

increment of 25,717,857 m3/year. It clearly shows that

firewood is the major cause for deforestation.

Forest resources assessment 1990 - Tropical countries

by FAO states that the annual deforestation in 1981-

1990 was 76,700 hectares in Pakistan.5 This shows that

the use of non renewable biomass was prevalent even

before 1990.

iv As per the paragraph 18 of the

methodology AMS I.E version 04, use

of this methodology is legitimate if the

leakage is accounted by multiplying the

quantity of biomass that is substituted

or replaced (By) by a net to gross

adjustment factor of 0.95.

Leakage in each CPA is accounted by multiplying the

quantity of biomass that is substituted or replaced (By)

by a net to gross adjustment factor of 0.95.

* Maximum Number of Biogas Plants per CPA

Calculation of installed capacity per biogas plant is calculated by using the following formula;

5 http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/t0830e/T0830E14.htm

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Installed capacity per biogas plant

Table 5: Installed capacity per biogas plant

Plant Size -->> 4 m3 6 m3 8 m3 10 m3 15 m3 References

Quantity of biogas

produced per plant per

day (m3) 1.2 2 2.8 3.6 5.4

Modified GGC Model Biogas Plant

for Pakistan, Construction Manual,

February 2009

Quantity of biogas

produced per plant per

year (m3) 438 730 1022 1314 1971 Calculated

Methane content in

Biogas 60% 60% 60% 60% 60%

Biogas Stove Report, CTTC, 2011

Page 3

Net Calorific Value of

the methane (IPCC

default) 48 48 48 48 48

IPCC Guideline 2006, Chapter 1,

table 1.2

Density of methane 0.00000067 0.00000067 0.00000067 0.00000067 0.00000067

0.67 ● 10-6 Gg m-3. (IPCC Ch 4

page 4-12)

Energy content of

Biogas (MJ/m3) 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 Calculated

Quantity of biogas used

per burner per hour

(liter) 310.0 310 310 310 310


Page 7

Quantity of biogas used

per burner per hour

(m3) 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 Calculated

Number of burners in

stove 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 *

Maximum Operating

hours of stove (hrs/year) 1412.9 2354.8 1648.4 2119.4 3179.0 Calculated

1 kWh 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers

/misc/energy_conv.html

Efficiency of the biogas

stove 59% 59% 59% 59% 59%


Page 7

Power output of a

biogas plant (kWth) 0.98 0.98 1.96 1.96 1.96

In practice households with 4 m3 and 6 m

3 plants use stoves with one burner where the power output per

plant would be 0.98 kW thermal. Households having 8 m3, 10 m

3 and 15 m

3 use the stoves with 2

burners, where the power output per plant would be 1.96 kWth thermal. For the estimate of total number

of plants per CPA we have used the 1.96 kWth per plant which is a conservative estimate.

As the threshold of small scale CDM project is 45MWth, the maximum number of biogas plants that

could include in each CPA is 22,951. However as a conservative estimate, maximum number of plants to

be included in each CPA in this PoA will be 20,000 which is less than the number of plants that generate

45MWth power output.

B.3. Sources and GHGs

Under this project, the physical, geographical site of the renewable energy generation delineates the

project boundary. The geographical boundary for the PoA is Pakistan. The programme will include the

biogas plants constructed under PDBP in Pakistan. These plants will be installed with well defined

quality control measures as per the construction manual. Only the trained masons will construct the

biogas plants. Biogas Construction Companies provide guarantee for 4 years on civil structure. BCCs are

obliged to invariably rectify the problem if any. Even after 4 years BCCs provide after sales services on

call. The dome will be constructed with high quality control measures and there will not be chance of

leakage of gas from the dome. Biogas plants to be installed under this PoA work with hydraulic pressure

system. Gas pressure in the dome pushes the digested slurry out from the outlet and slurry in the outlet

create pressure to the gas to reach to the point of application (biogas stove). In case there is leakage in the

http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


dome, although it is rare, there will not be enough pressure in the dome to push the digested slurry out

from the outlet or/and push the gas to the point of application. In such case plant will not be operational.

Only the operational plants will be included in the project boundary. Number of biogas plants installed

will be adjusted with the operational percentage of the plants (Details given in monitoring plan).

Figure 4: CPA Level Boundary

Table 6: shows the emission sources and gases included or excluded in the project boundary.

Source Gas Included? Justification / Explanation

Bas

elin

e

Thermal

energy need

CO2 Yes Major source of emissions

CH4 No Excluded for simplification, this is

conservative

N2O No Excluded for simplification, this is

conservative

Pro

ject

Act

ivit

y

Direct

emissions

from the

bio-digester

CO2 No Excluded as CO2 emissions from

biogas incineration are CO2 neutral.

CH4

No

Biogas generated from the plant will

be burnt in the stove.

B.4. Description of baseline scenario

Households are using woody biomass for cooking. It is assumed that in the absence of the project

activity, the baseline scenario would be the use of fossil fuels for meeting similar thermal energy needs

Department of Forest, Ministry of Environment, Pakistan has done a study on “Supply and Demand of

Fuelwood and Timber in Pakistan” in 2003. This study has collected the data on average firewood

consumption household per month for all the Provinces of Pakistan.

A household survey “Energy Utilization and Demand Assessment 2009” was conducted to identify the

baseline situation of the project area for CPA 1. The Survey was done by Socio-Economic and Business

Consultants that is independent from the project participant. The base line report shows that the most

commonly used cooking fuel is the firewood in the rural. Over 95% of the household in the rural areas

use firewood as the main cooking fuel. Although the households use dung cake and agricultural residue

for cooking, it is not been accounted considering that these fuels are renewable in nature.

As the weather condition greatly varies between provinces and have impact on quantity of firewood used

in the baseline situation, province specific data will be used to calculate the actual amount of woody

biomass displaced separately in each CPA.

Unit 1 Unit 2

Un

it 5

Unit 6

Unit 3

Unit n

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Based on the Supply and Demand Study done by the Department of Forest, a total of 890 households in

rural areas of Punjab were interviewed and the total firewood consumption is 9,187 maunds6, which

gives average firewood consumption per household per month as 10.3 maunds7. According to Amur &

Bhattacharya (1999) 81% of the firewood consumed in the household sector was for cooking. Hence the

average quantity of woody biomass displaced with a biogas plant is 3.74 tonnes per household per year.

(10.3 maunds*37.32KG/maund*81%*12 months/1000). This data is being used for the calculation of

emission reduction in CPA 1.

Share of Non Renewable Biomass

The non-renewable biomass being used in the programme area is calculated using government data and

surveys.

Pakistan, with a per capita forest area of 0.03 hectare compared to the world average of 1.0 hectare, is

faced with the problems of resource scarcity and a deteriorating natural environment. The meagre forest

cover, 4.8 percent of the total land area, is deteriorating under the heavy demands of a rapidly increasing

population. With population growing at 3% annually, forest area per capita is declining. The area of

public forest cannot be expanded fast enough to keep pace with population growth and demands for

forest products. 8

Availability of forest and deteriorating rate of the forest varies across various Provinces in Pakistan. As

the first CPA will be implemented in Punjab, the NRB factor for Punjab will be used for calculating

amount of non renewable biomass substituted by the project activity. Similarly area specific NRB factor

for other Provinces will be calculated with the government data and survey. The data used for the

calculation of NRB factor are taken from the Forestry Sector Master Plan of Pakistan9, and Supply and

Demand Survey of Pakistan 2003.

Demonstrably Renewable woody biomass (DRB) and share of non renewable biomass (NRB)

Pakistan has faced significantly high rates of deforestation in the past. According to one estimate [WRI

and IIED (1988)], the forest area of Pakistan decreased from 141530 square km in 1880 to 67310 in

1980; a decrease of 52 percent in one hundred years. During the 1970‟s, the study estimates an annual

decrease of 1.5 percent per year [Vin Dijk and Hussein (1994)]. Estimates of contemporary deforestation

are varied. Pakistan (1992c) reported that some 7000-9000 ha of forests were lost each year. Khattak

(1994) puts this estimate at 10,000 ha annually. Since these reports came out in early nineties, these

estimates cannot be held true for the nineties. FAO (1998) provides the most recent estimate of annual

deforestation. It reported that between 1990-95 Pakistan experienced deforestation at a rate of 1.1 percent

(55000 ha) annually.10

6 Study on Supply and Demand of Fuelwood and Timber in Pakistan, Table 3.10 page 35,

7 Although the Maund is the international unit for weight, it is being used in Pakistan commonly and 1 maund is

equivalent to 37.32kg. Source: Letter from Government of Pakistan, Ministry of National Disaster Management,

Department of Forest. This department has conducted the above mentioned study on Supply and Demand of fuel

wood and timber in Pakistan. 2003. 8 Forestry Sector Master Plan of Paksiatan.

http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/ContentInfo.jsp?DivID=5&cPath=45_50&ContentID=5083 9 http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/ContentInfo.jsp?DivID=5&cPath=45_50&ContentID=5083

10 Analysing Institutional Set-up of Forest Management in Pakistan, Lubna Hasan, RESEARCH ECONOMIST,

Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad Page no. 2


http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/ContentInfo.jsp?DivID=5&cPath=45_50&ContentID=5083

http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/ContentInfo.jsp?DivID=5&cPath=45_50&ContentID=5083


UNFCCC/CCNUCC


On the other hand there is no such sustainable forest management practice in place. So annual increment

of the woody biomass is not sufficient for meeting the demand of woody biomass.

The baseline report “Energy Utilization and Demand Assessment 2009” has indicated that price, time and

distance of collecting fire wood is in increasing trend. The fire wood is being scarce in the project area

and firewood need of the community is a major cause of decreasing forest trees.

As per the Forestry Master Plan of Pakistan, the total annual biomass increment in 1992 was

14,402,000m3/year across Pakistan11

. Numbers of references have been presented above to demonstrate

the continuous deforestation since 1990. The analysis shows that biomass was being harvested

unsustainably from 1992. So the annual increment in 2003 would be lower than in 1992. The annual

increment in 2003 is estimated as that of 1992, i.e. 14,402,000m3/year, which is very conservative in the

context of continuous deforestation since then.

As per the estimate of HESS study, 56% of the firewod consumption would be round wood. Annual

wood increment of 14,402,000 m3 mentioned in the Table 2.8 of Forestry Sector Master Plan represent

the 56% of the total forest increment. So that the total forest increment is calculated by considering

14,402,000 m3 as 56% of total increment. The estimated total annual increment (DRB) for Pakistan is

25,717,857 m3 in 1992. Hence the estimated DRB in 2003 is 25,717,857 m

3, which is conservative.

Based on the Supply and Demand Study done by the Department of Forest, the total wood consumption

for the year 2002-03 is estimated at 64.0109 million m³ to which firewood has accounted for 51.772

million m³. Hence the country faced the annual wood shortage of about 38.293 million m³. This gap is

presently being met by over cutting of trees in the state and private forests and on farmlands.12

.

As per the methodology, Non-renewable woody biomass (NRB) is the quantity of woody biomass used in

the absence of the project activity (By), so long as at least two of the following supporting indicators are

shown to exist.

Trend showing increase in time spent or distance travelled by users (or fuel-wood

suppliers) for gathering fuel wood or alternatively trend showing increase in

transportation distances for the fuel wood transported into the project area;

Survey results, national or local statistics, studies, maps or other sources of information

such as remote sensing data that show that carbon stocks are depleting in the project

area;

Increasing trends in fuel wood price indicating scarcity;

Trends in the type of cooking fuel collected by users, suggesting scarcity of woody

biomass.

In this case, there are clear evidences to show the increasing trend of firewood price over time and

carbon stocks depleting in the program area.

Price of firewood

The following table shows the increasing trend of price of firewood in various areas in Pakistan

The price increase rages from 117% to 228% since 1999.

11

Forestry Sector Master Plan Pakistan (FSMP) Table 2.8 12

Study on Supply and Demand of Fuelwood and Timber in Pakistan (Executive Summary page no. 10)

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Table 7: Price of firewood (in PKR/40kg) in Pakistan13

YEAR

Centre 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

2007-

08 2008-09

Karachi 91.67 91.67 91.67 91.68 97.36 130.90 150.71 154.48 165.59 199.17

Lahore 123.21 125.50 129.64 132.14 143.12 174.84 224.05 258.09 290.51 341.67

Sialkot 110.00 110.00 105.00 115.00 143.33 167.29 195.00 226.67 270.83 338.75

Rawalpindi 100.00 108.47 117.29 123.34 143.59 155.35 185.90 216.32 236.97 295.28

Peshawar 113.33 113.33 106.25 117.78 137.02 153.12 167.50 195.55 241.78 285.55

Quetta 90.00 90.00 90.42 98.13 116.88 141.98 169.90 212.50 238.33 295.00

Islamabad 105.00 114.58 120.21 127.98 147.68 160.24 194.76 226.89 254.31 295.35

Figure 5: Trend in increasing prices of fuel wood in Pakistan

Depleting Carbon Stock

As per the State of the World‟s Forests, 2011, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations,

201114

, (Table 3: Carbon stock and stock change in living forest biomass), the carbon stock in Pakistan is

depleting continuously from 1990.

Table 8: Trend in decreasing carbon stock in Pakistan

Country

/ area

Carbon stock in living forest biomass Annual change rate

(million tonnes) (tonnes/ha) (1 000 tonnes)

1990 2000 2005 2010 2010 1990–2000 2000–2010

Pakistan 330 271 243 213 126 -6 -6

As two of the four indicators are fulfilled, it demonstrates that NRB is actually employed in this case.

13

http://www.statpak.gov.pk/fbs/sites/default/files/other/yearbook2010/PRICE/17-6.pdf 14

http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2000e/i2000e00.htm

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Fraction of non renewable biomass

The following formula gives the fraction of woody biomass saved by the project participant in the year y

that can be established as non renewable.

DRBNRB

NRBf yNRB

,

As per the supply and Demand of Fuelwood and Timber in Pakistan (2003), the wood consumption of

Pakistan in 2003 was 64,010,900 m3.

As per the Forestry Master Plan (Table 3.5), the total consumption of biomass was 29,550,000 m3 where

as the adjusted annual production at that time was 25,717,857 m3. (Forestry Master Plan, Table 2.8). It

shows that biomass was being harvested unsustainably from 1993. The calculation shows that, in 1993

the share of non renewable biomass was 0.13 in Pakistan (please see the calculation table below). After

that there is constant shortage biomass over the years and that gap raised to 38,293,043 m3 in 2003.

For the calculation of share of NRB in Pakistan, annual increment for now is used as that of 1993 which

is very conservative. This increment includes the total increment of the biomass and does not discount

the increment of branches. The following table shows that the share of NRB is 0.60 in Pakistan.

Table 9: Share of NRB calculation for Pakistan

Firewood (m3) Total

Firewood

(m3)

Total

Industrial

wood (m3)

G. Total

(m3)

Data Source

Domestic

Sector

Commerc

ial Sector

Industrial

Sector

Pakistan

46,023,000

1,046,900

4,703,000

51,772,900

12,238,000

64,010,900

Supply and

Demand Survey,

2003, Executive

summary table ii,

vi.

Annual wood

Increment * 14,402,000

Source: Forestry

Sector Master

Plan Pakistan

(FSMP) Table 2.8

Estimated total

annual increment

(DRB)**

25,717,857

Unsustainably

harvested

biomass (NRB)

38,293,043

Share of non renewable biomass

0.60

*Annual increment for now is used from that of 1993 which is very conservative. The analysis shows that

biomass was being harvested unsustainably from 1993. In 1993 the share of non renewable biomass was

0.13 in Pakistan

**As per the estimate of HESS study, 56% of the firewood consumption would be round wood. Annual

wood increment mentioned in the Table 2.8 of Forestry Sector Master Plan represents the 56% of the

total forest increment. So that the total forest increment is calculated by considering 14,402,000 m3 as

56% of total increment.

The calculation shows the NRB share of the Pakistan is 0.60. It shows the NRB is being used across

Pakistan. As Pakistan is a big country and status of biomass stock and use pattern is different across the

DRBNRB

NRBf yNRB

,

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Provinces, Province wise NRB share will be calculated at CPA level and used to calculate the emission

reduction.

Forestry Sector Master Plan shows that share of non renewable biomass was 0.13 in Pakistan in 1993.

Table 10: Share of NRB calculation (1993)

Description Pakistan Unit Source

Annual Increment 25,717,857 m3/year FSMP Table 2.8

Total consumption

29,550,000 m3/year

FSMP table 3.5

Unsustainable Harvest 3,832,143 m3/year

Share of Non renewable

biomass in 1993 0.13

Forest resources assessment 1990 - Tropical countries by FAO states that the annual deforestation in

1981-1990 was 76,700 hectors in Pakistan.15

This shows that the use of non renewable biomass was

prevalent even before 1990.

Table 11: NRB share calculation for various provinces of Pakistan

Province Firewood (m3) Total

Firewood

(m3)

Total

Industrial

wood (m3)

G. Total

(m3)

Data Source

Domestic

Sector

Commer

cial

Sector

Industrial

Sector

Punjab

21,195,500

406,200

2,562,100

24,163,800

6,669,000

30,832,800 Supply and

Demand Survey,

2003, Executive

summary table

ii, vi.

Sindh

6,038,500

184,600

1,047,500

7,270,600

2,725,000

9,995,600

Baluchistan

3,440,600

64,400

227,900

3,732,900

594,000

4,326,900

Annual Wood

Increment *

Punjab

6,355,000 Source: Forestry

Sector Master

Plan Pakistan

(FSMP) Table

2.8

Sindh

1,681,000

Baluchistan

544,000

Total annual biomass

increment (DRB) **

Punjab

11,348,214

Sindh

3,001,786

Baluchistan

971,429

Unsustainably

harvested biomass

(NRB)

Punjab

19,484,586

Sindh

6,993,814

15

http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/t0830e/T0830E14.htm

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Baluchistan

3,355,471

Share of non

renewable biomass

Punjab

0.63

Sindh

0.70

Baluchistan

0.78

*Annual increment for now is used from that of 1993 which is very conservative. The analysis shows that biomass

was being harvested unsustainably from 1993.

**As per the estimate of HESS study, 56% of the firewood consumption would be round wood. Annual wood

increment mentioned in the Table 2.8 of Forestry Sector Master Plan represents the 56% of the total forest

increment. So that the total forest increment is calculated by considering 6,355,000 m3, 1,681,000 m

3 and 544,000

m3 as 56% of total increment in Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan respectively.

Table 12: NRB share in 1993 for various provinces

Unit Punjab Sindh Baluchistan Data Source

Annual Increment m3/year 11,348,214 3,001,786 971,429

Adjusted from

FSMP Table

2.8

Total consumption m3/year 14,774,000 6,282,000 2,073,000 FSMP table 3.5

Unsustainable harvest (NRB) m3/year 3,425,786 3,280,214 1,101,571

Share of Non renewable biomass 0.23 0.52 0.53

Note: NRB for other provinces like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Jambu Kasmir will be calculated when

developing the CPAs in those provinces. Specific province wise data for these areas are not available at

this point in time.

B.5. Demonstration of eligibility for a generic CPA

Each CPA will meet the eligibility criteria set in the section B.2 of Part I of this PoADD. Means of

proof/Evidence document to be checked at CPA inclusion are described below. The SSC-CPA shall

adopt the arguments presented as per recent available information and project specific data to support the

CPA additionality. Each CPA must demonstrate the project‟s additionality by applying relevant

guidelines and standards of UNFCCC i.e.‟ Standard for Demonstration of Additionality, Development of

Eligibility Criteria and application of multiple methodologies for Programme of Activities‟; „Non-

binding best practice examples to demonstrate additionality for SSC project activities‟; „Guidelines for

objective demonstration and assessment of barriers‟; or future updates.

Table 13: Demonstration of Eligibility for a generic CPA

S.

No.

Eligibility Criteria Mean of proof / Evidence

Document (to be checked at CPA

inclusion)

1 All biogas plants listed in the CPA should be the

household biogas plants of size ranges from 4-15 m3.

Size of the plants installed will be

mentioned in the data base of each CPA.

Please note that not all biogas plants may

have been deployed at CPA inclusion stage,

however the size of biogas plants included

in each CPA can be checked through the

electronic data base during verification.

DRBNRB

NRBf yNRB

,

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Documents/evidence to be checked

Electronic Data base and hard copy

files of plants included in each

CPA.

2 All the biogas stoves included in each CPA will

replace the use of non renewable biomass. The prior

construction survey form will be completed for all

households constructing biogas plants. Data on use

of biomass in the baseline situation will be collected.

The biogas plants will be of fixed dome design

constructed only as per the specifications in the

“Modified GGC Model Biogas Plant for Pakistan,

Construction Manual, February 2009”. All the plants

will follow the quality standards set by the program.

(Please see “PDBP Program Guidelines, February

2011- Guideline 2: Quality Control”).

As guided by the “PDBP Program

Guidelines, February 2011- Guideline 2:

Quality Control”, Biogas Construction

companies fill out the plant completion

form and submit to the programme. PDBP

technicians visit the sample plants for

quality control to ensure that the plants are

built as per the prescribed standards.


Prior construction survey form to

confirm the household uses biomass for

cooking before the installation of

biogas plant.

Plants completion forms.

Quality control of completed plants

forms.

3 A CPA will include maximum of 20,000 plants to fit

within a small-scale CPA activity which generates no

more than 45 MWth power.

Each CPA estimates the number plants to

be installed and project boundary and states

in the CPA DD.

Please note that not all biogas plants may

have been deployed at CPA inclusion stage,

however the number of biogas plants

included in each CPA can be checked

through the electronic data base during

verification.


Statement in CPA DD

4 Each biogas plant listed in the CPA will have a

unique number. For example the unique code number

of the plants constructed in Faisalabad will be FSD-

P000001, FSD-P000002 and so on. „FSD‟ represents

Faisalabad, one of the districts in Panjab and „P‟

represents for Punjab province. Similarly for the

plants constructed in Sargodha district the plant code

number will be like SGD-P000001, SDG-P000002

and so on. Data base will also invariably include the

GPS coordinates of the plant location which will also

be unique for each plant. So there will be no risk of

double counting.


Electronic Data base and hard copy

files of biogas plants

5 All biogas plants listed in the CPA should be located

in Pakistan.

Location and boundary is specified in the

specific CPA-DD stating that the location is

limited to Pakistan.


UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Statement of CME that the location

and boundary is within Pakistan.

6 All biogas plants listed in the CPA should be

implemented under the PDBP

CPA implementing agency can be CME

itself or any other agency. In case the CPA

implementing agency is different from

CME, an agreement will be signed. If any

CPA is implemented by CME, it will be

mentioned in the PoADD.


Agreement between CME and CPA

implementing agency in case it is

different from CME.

Statement in the CPA DD if the

CPA implementing agency is the

CME.

7 All CPAs should perform the CPA level stakeholder

consultation


CPA level stakeholder consultation report

8 All CPAs should be verified to prevent double

counting and are not registered as a separate CDM

project activity, nor as part of another registered

CDM PoA.

A statement is included in the CPADD that

the specific CPA will not be part of another

single CDM project activity or CPA under

another PoA


UNFCCC website

9 The households installing the biogas plants are the

owner of the plants. They should sign an agreement

with the project participant to transfer the carbon

credit rights of these plants


Carbon credit right transfer receipts

10 Confirmation that SSC-CPA is not a de-bundled

component of another large-scale CPA or CDM

project activity as per the latest guidance given in the

CDM EB. As per the Guidelines on assessment of

de-bundling for SSC project activities, the biogas

programme SSC CPA DD need not justify de-

bundling refer Section C of Part I of the PoA DD.

As per the provision of Guidelines on

assessment of de-bundling for SSC project

activities, if each of the independent system

included in the CPA of a PoA is no greater

than 1% of the Small Scale thresholds

defined by the methodology applied, then

that CPA of PoA is exempted from

performing de-bundling check. In this

project each biogas plant has a capacity of

1.96 kWth which is less than 1% of the

threshold. So the SSC –CPA is not a de-

bundled component of another programme

activity (CPA) or CDM project activity.


Power output calculation of biogas

plant

11 Starting date of all CPAs will be after the

commencement of validation of Programme of

activities i.e. the date on which the CDM-POA-DD is

first published for the global stakeholder

consultation. In this case the CDM –POA-DD was

first published on December 11, 2010, and the start

date of any CPA will not be prior to this date. The

Starting date as stated in the CPADD is

after December 11, 2010.


Data of launch of CPA as signified

by substantial investment

Plant installed date of first plant

installed under the CPA.

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


documentary evidence presented for start date of

CPA 1 and subsequent CPAs will include date of

commencement of the validation of the PoA; and

data of launch of CPA as signified by substantial

investment and start of construction,

12 All the CPAs will comply with the CDM

methodology used for this PoA i.e. AMS I.E version

4. Applicability criteria for the methodology will be

Each CPA will be with within the limit of

45MWth (thermal units) power output i.e.

maximum number of plants included in any

CPA will be 20,000

the end user technology will be biogas stove,

that replaces the use of non renewable

biomass

Each CPA will demonstrate that non-

renewable biomass has been used in the

baseline since 31 December 1989.

Leakage in each CPA will be accounted by

multiplying the quantity of biomass that is

substituted or replaced (By) by a net to gross

adjustment factor of 0.95.

Each CPA will comply with the CDM

methodology used in the PoA. Applicability

criteria will be described in the CPA DD.


The estimated maximum number of

Biogas Plants is to be defined in the

CPADD. Not all biogas plants may

have been deployed at CPA inclusion

stage, however the number of biogas

plants included in each CPA can be

checked through the electronic data

base during verification.

Biogas Plants completion forms

Description of use of non renewable

biomass in the baseline since 31

December 1989 with appropriate

references in the CPA DD.

CER Calculation sheet to confirm the

adjustment of leakage.

13 All CPAs will meet the requirements pertaining to

the demonstration of additionality of the PoA and

typical CPA. Each CPA must demonstrate the

project‟s additionality by applying relevant

guidelines and the standards of UNFCCC i.e.‟

Standard for Demonstration of Additionality,

Development of Eligibility Criteria and application

of multiple methodologies for Programme of

Activities‟, Guidelines on the demonstration of

additionality of small scale project activities.

Conditions for the additionality would be:

The biogas plants installed under each CPA

would be isolated units.

The users of the plants would be households.

The size of the each unit will be no larger

than 5% of the small scale CDM thresholds.


Plants completion form to confirm

that the each unit is isolated system

and users are households.

Power output of biogas plant

calculation sheet to confirm that

each plant is no larger than 5% of

the small scale CDM thresholds.

14 Target group of all the CPAs will be cattle

(cows/buffalos) holding household in the rural and

semi urban areas, which are using non renewable

biomass as cooking fuel; and interested to use the

biogas for cooking purpose. These households will

be distributed across Pakistan. Private Sector Biogas

Construction Companies trained by PDBP will

Prior construction survey form will be

filled before the installation of biogas

plants in any household. Number of

animals, use of non renewable biomass for

cooking before the installation of biogas

plant and purpose of biogas plant are

recoded together with other information.

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


install the biogas plants as per the prescribed design

and quality parameters at these households. PDBP

technician will do the quality inspection.

Once the plants are installed, an electronic

data base is maintained.


Electronic data to check the

location of the plant, animal

holding of the biogas user

household and use of biomass for

cooking before the installation of

biogas plant.

Electronic data base to check the

name of the Biogas construction

company constructing biogas

plants.

15 If funding from annex -1 parties is received for any

CPA, it should be confirmed that funding from

Annex -1 parties does not result in a diversion of

official development assistance.


Statement of CME and the CPA

operator (in case of being different

from the CME)

If funding from Annex-1 parties is

received, Letter of confirmation on

non diversion of official

development assistance.

16 Sampling requirements are in accordance with the

“Standard for sampling and surveys for CDM project

activities and programme of activities.”


Description of sampling

methodology in CPADD.

B.6. Estimation of emission reductions of a generic CPA

B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices

Emission reduction calculation

The PBDP aims to promote biogas plants that replace the use of non renewable biomass for cooking

purpose. Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable woody biomass by similar consumer is

used as 81.6 t CO2/TJ as per the guidance from the methodology (AMS I.E Version 04).

There are two options to calculate the Quantity of biomass that is substituted or displaced.

(a) Calculated as the product of the number of appliances multiplied by the estimate of

average annual consumption of biomass per appliance (tonnes/year). This can be derived

from historical data or estimated using survey methods, OR

(b) Calculated from the thermal energy generated in the project activity

Here the CPAs under this PoA, the option „a‟ is chosen for calculating the quantity of biomass displaced.

The share of non renewable biomass

The share of NRB in the total amount of biomass use replaced by the project will be determined through

nationally approved methods like surveys or government data. Looking at the country with supply and

demand of the woody biomass, NRB fraction for Pakistan overall is 0.60. However specific NRB factor

will be determined for each CPA, as the biomass supply and demand varies from province to province.

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


For example the share of non renewable biomass for the Punjab Province is 0.63, Sindh Province is 0.70

and that for Baluchistan in 0.78. Please refer to the section B.4 of the Part I of this PoA DD for detail

description on NRB share.

Leakage

The project activity includes substitution of non-renewable biomass by biogas. There is no equipment

transfer. Thus there is no leakage involved in the project activity as per the paragraph 11 of the

methodology.

Potential source of leakage as per the methodology is the use/diversion of non- renewable woody

biomass saved under the project activity by non-project households/users that previously used renewable

sources. As guided by the methodology, quantity of woody biomass that is substituted or displaced (By)

will be adjusted by the net to gross adjustment factor of 0.95 to account for the leakages.

The plants are locally constructed on site. The construction materials (of approved standard) used for the

construction will be locally available. So there is no leakage from transferring equipment from outside of

the boundary to the project boundary.

The emission reductions under a CPA are calculated as per the guidance of the methodology AMS I.E

Version 4.

fossilfuelprojectedbiomassyNRByyCPA EFNCVfBER _,, 1

In which:

ERCPA,y Emissions Reductions under the CPA during the year y (tCO2e)

In which:

By Quantity of woody biomass that is substituted or displaced (tonnes/year)

fNRB,y Fraction of woody biomass used in the absence of the project activity in year y that

can be established as non renewable biomass using nationally approved methods

NCVbiomass Net calorific value of the non-renewable biomass that is substituted (IPCC default for

wood fuel: 0.015 TJ/tonne)

EFprojected_fossil fuel Emission factor for the substitution of non renewable woody biomass by similar

consumers. (81.6 t CO2/TJ as per the methodology)

By is calculated as the product of number of operational biogas plants and the estimate of average annual

consumption of woody biomass per household. By will be adjusted with net to gross adjustment factor for

leakage.

By= N× P × AFCbaseline ×0.95

Where,

N= Cumulative Number of biogas plants installed and are being used for a year

P= Operational percentage of the biogas plants in the monitoring period (this will be estimated from the

biogas users survey. „P‟ will be estimated from ALL the biogas plants)

AFCbaseline =Average quantity of woody biomass used per household in baseline situation

0.95= Net to Gross adjustment factor for leakage

Not all the biogas plants will be constructed in 1st month of any year. Construction will be ongoing and

plants will be added every month. By will also be adjusted for plants constructed and operational for less

than a year. For example; the plants constructed in January will be operational for 11 months of that year,

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


the plants constructed in February will be operational for 10 months of that year and so on. By will be

adjusted in pro rata basis for such plants.

Number of biogas plants included in the monitoring period and are operational for one year (N) will be

calculated with the following formula.

N

n

M 1

NM×M/12

NM = Number of biogas plants in use for „M‟ months during the monitoring period

M= number of months that the plants are in use during the monitoring period (M=1,2,3, ………………n)

NM will be considered from the plants installed in the monitoring period and previous monitoring

periods.

The fraction of biomass that is non renewable will be used provinces wise and may be different for each

CPA.

Table 14: Fixed parametric values to be used for calculation of emission reductions of a SSC CPA

Parameter Description Value

fNRB,y Fraction of biomass used in the absence of the

project activity in year y that can be established

as non renewable biomass using nationally

approved methods

Punjab – 0.63

Sindh -0.70

Baluchistan- 0.78

(Please see the section

B.4 of the Part I of the

POADD for the

details.)

NCVbiomass Net calorific value of the non-renewable

biomass that is substituted

IPCC default for wood

fuel: 0.015 TJ/tone

EFprojected_fossil fuel Emission factor for the substitution of non

renewable woody biomass by similar

consumers.

81.6 t CO2/TJ as per the

methodology

AFCbaseline Average quantity of woody biomass used per

household in baseline situation

For Punjab: 3.74 tonnes

per household per year

For Sindh: 5.00 tonnes

per household per year

For Baluchistan: 9.03

tonnes per household

per year. These values

are from the study

report on Supply and

Demand of Fuel wood

and Timer in Pakistan,

2003. (Department of

Forest, Ministry of

Environment, Pakistan).

Net to Gross

Adjustment Factor for

leakage

Use/diversion of non renewable woody biomass

saved by the project activity by non project

households/users that previously used

0.95 as per the

methodology.

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


renewable energy sources.

B.6.2. Data and parameters that are to be reported ex-ante

Data / Parameter fNRB,y

Unit None

Description Fraction of biomass used in the absence of the project activity in year y that

can be established as non renewable biomass using nationally approved

methods

Source of data Forestry Sector Master Plan of Pakistan.

Study on Supply and Demand of Fuel wood and Timer in Pakistan,

2003. (Department of Forest, Ministry of Environment, Pakistan)

Potential Source for data for other Provinces would be Studies done by

relevant Government departments or International agencies or credible

National agencies specialized in survey and studies.

Value(s) applied Punjab – 0.63

Sindh -0.70

Baluchistan- 0.78

Choice of data

or

Measurement

methods and

procedures

The NRB share for different Province varies significantly. CPA implemented

in specific provinces will use the NRB share of that province. For example

for the purpose of the CPA 1, NRB fraction is calculated based on the data

from Punjab. For other CPAs NRB share will be calculated based on the

location of the CPA.

NRB share for Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan is calculated in the PoA.

Province specific data for Khyber Paktunkhwa and Jammu Kasmir were not

available at this time. NRB share for these provinces will be calculated when

CPA from these provinces to be included in the registered PoA.

Purpose of data Calculation of emission reduction

Additional comment -

Data / Parameter NCVbiomass

Unit TJ/tonne

Description Net calorific value of the non-renewable biomass that is substituted

Source of data IPCC

Value(s) applied 0.015

Choice of data

or

Measurement

methods and

procedures

As per the requirement of the methodology



UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Data / Parameter EFprojected_fossil fuel

Unit tCO2/TJ

Description Emission factor for the substitution of non renewable woody biomass by

similar consumers.

Source of data Methodology AMS I.E Version 04


Choice of data

or

Measurement

methods and

procedures

As guided by the methodology



Data / Parameter AFCbaseline

Unit Tonnes

Description Average quantity of woody biomass used per household in baseline situation

Source of data Study on Supply and Demand of Fuel wood and Timer in Pakistan, 2003.

(Department of Forest, Ministry of Environment, Pakistan)

Potential Source for data for other Provinces would be Studies done by

relevant Government departments or International agencies or credible

National agencies specialized in survey and studies.

Value(s) applied This value varies from Province to Province and hence CPA to CPA.

For Punjab: 3.74 tonnes per household per year (value applied for CPA 1)

For Sindh: 5.00 tonnes per household per year

For Baluchistan: 9.03 tonnes per household per year

Choice of data

or

Measurement

methods and

procedures

Total firewood consumption of 890 rural households in Punjab is 9187

maunds per month. So the average firewood consumption in rural Punjab is

10.3 maunds per household per month. According to Amur & Bhattacharya

(1999) 81% of the firewood consumed in the household sector was for

cooking. So the net annual quantity of biomass that is substituted or

displaced is 3.74 tonnes (10.3 maunds per household per month*37.32kg per

maunds*12 months *81%).

The total firewood consumption of 320 households in rural Sindh is 4427

maunds and that in Baluchistan is 2492 maunds for 100 households. So

average firewood consumption in rural Sindh and Baluchistan is 13.8

maunds and 24.9 maunds respectively. So the net annual quantity of biomass

being used in the baseline situation is 5.00 tonnes in Sindh and 9.03 tonnes

in Baluchistan.



UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Data / Parameter Net to Gross Adjustment Factor

Unit -

Description Use/diversion of non renewable woody biomass saved by the project activity

by non project households/users that previously used renewable energy

sources.

Source of data Methodology AMS I.E Version 04


Choice of data

or

Measurement

methods and

procedures

As guided by the methodology

Purpose of data Calculation of leakage


B.6.3. Ex-ante calculations of emission reductions

>>

The emission reductions under CPA 1 are calculated as per the guidance of the methodology AMS I.E

Version 4.

fossilfuelprojectedbiomassyNRByyCPA EFNCVfBER _,, 1

In which:

ERCPA,y Emissions Reductions under the CPA during the year y (tCO2e)

In which:

By Quantity of woody biomass that is substituted or displaced (tonnes/year)







By is calculated as the product of number of operational biogas plants and the estimate of average annual

consumption of woody biomass per household. By will be adjusted with net to gross adjustment factor for

leakage.


Where,

N= Cumulative Number of biogas plants installed and are being used for a year

P= Operational percentage of the biogas plants in the monitoring period (this will be estimated from the

biogas users survey. „P‟ will be estimated from ALL the biogas plants)

AFCbaseline =Average quantity of woody biomass used per household in baseline situation

0.95= Net to Gross adjustment factor for leakage

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Not all the biogas plants will be constructed in 1

st month of any year. Construction will be ongoing and

plants will be added every month. By will also be adjusted for plants constructed and operational for less

than a year. For example; the plants constructed in January will be operational for 11 months of that year,

the plants constructed in February will be operational for 10 months of that year and so on. By will be

adjusted in pro rata basis for such plants.

Number of biogas plants included in the monitoring period and are operational for one year (N) will be

calculated with the following formula.

N

n

M 1

NM×M/12

NM = Number of biogas plants in use for „M‟ months during the monitoring period

M= number of months that the plants are in use during the monitoring period (M=1,2,3, ………………n)

NM will be considered from the plants installed in the monitoring period and previous monitoring

periods.

Calculation of emission reduction of 1 plant:

Assumptions:

Plant is operational for 12 months in a monitoring period

Operational percentage is assumed as 100% for sample calculation. Actual operational percentage will be

used during the emission reduction report preparation.

M= 12 months

N

n

M 1

NM×M/12

Hence N = 1x12/12 = 1


Here,

N=1

P= 100%

According to Supply and Demand of Fuel wood and Timber for Household and Industrial Sectors and

Consumption Pattern of Wood Products in Pakistan, 2003 (Table 3-10 Page 35), Quantity of firewood

used per month per household = 10.3 Maunds .

According to Amur & Bhattacharya (1999) 81% of the fuel wood consumed in the household sector was

for cooking. So Quantity of biomass that is substituted or displaced in tonnes is 8.36 Maund/hh/month.

AFCbaseline =8.36 Maund/hh/month

=312.04 kg/hh/month

=3.74 tonnes/hh/year (1 maund =37.32 kg Source : Letter from Ministry of National Disaster

Management, Department of Forest, Pakistan

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


By =1x100%x3.74x0.95

= 3.56 tonnes per year



0.63





So the emission reduction per plant per year is = 3.56x 0.63x0.015x81.6 tCO2e

=2.75 tCO2e

B.7. Application of the monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan

B.7.1. Data and parameters to be monitored by each generic CPA

Data / Parameter NM

Unit #

Description Number of biogas plants in use for „M‟ months during the monitoring period.

Source of data Plant completion form

Value(s) applied -

Measurement

methods and

procedures

PDBP has a very well developed data base on plants installed together with

their GPS coordinates and date of installation. All the biogas plants installed

in the monitoring period and previous monitoring periods will be considered

for this purpose.

Monitoring

frequency

Annual

QA/QC procedures Once the biogas construction companies send the plant completion forms,

PDBP technicians checks the completeness of the forms and forward to

Management Information System Officer for entry in the electronic data

base.


Additional comments -

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


Data / Parameter M

Unit Months

Description number of months that the plants are in use during the monitoring period

Source of data Plant completion form and PDBP database

Value(s) applied (M=1,2,3, ………………n)

Measurement

methods and

procedures

Not all the biogas plants will be constructed in 1st month of any year.

Construction will be ongoing and plants will be added every month. PDBP

database contain the information on plant completion date sourced from the

plant completion form.

Monitoring

frequency

Annual

QA/QC procedures -



Data / Parameter P

Unit %

Description Operational percentage of the biogas plants in the monitoring period (this

will be estimated from the biogas users survey. „P‟ will be estimated from

ALL the biogas plants)

Source of data Annual Biogas Users‟ Survey

Value(s) applied -

Measurement

methods and

procedures

PDBP will conduct the annual biogas user‟s survey. This survey will also

include questions to identify the user‟s satisfaction and the performance of

the biogas plant. The sample size will be determined to achieve 90%

confidence interval and a 10% margin of error.

Monitoring

frequency

Annual

QA/QC procedures Samples will be selected with stratified random sampling design to get the

best representative samples from the population. The enumerators will be

trained and supervised to minimise the bias.

In order to anticipate any low response rate and answers bias, 10%

oversampling has been applied, giving a minimum sample size of 300

retained for the monitoring surveys. Please see section 7.2 below for details.

While conducting the biogas users‟ survey, supervisors will double check

randomly selected 5% of the forms completed by the enumerators for quality

assurance of the survey.



B.7.2. Description of the monitoring plan for a generic CPA

All the CPAs will follow the similar monitoring methodology as described in this PDD. Biogas users

survey is the main source of data for monitoring purpose. Separate biogas users survey will be conducted

for each CPA. CME will also provide advisory support to CPAs for conducting biogas users surveys.

Verification of each CPA will be done by the appointed DOE.

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


In line with Indicative simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM

project activity categories for the Type I. E - Renewable Energy Projects,.: “Switch from Non-Renewable

Biomass for Thermal Application by the user“ version 4 requires to monitor the following parameters.

1. Monitoring shall consist of an annual check of all appliances or a representative sample thereof to

ensure that they are still operating or are replaced by an equivalent in service appliance.

2. In order to assess the leakages relating to the NRB, Monitoring shall include data on the amount of

woody biomass saved under the project activity that is used by non-project households/users (who

previously used renewable energy sources).

3. Monitoring should confirm the displacement or substitution of the non-renewable woody biomass

at each location. In the case of appliances switching to renewable biomass the quantity of

renewable biomass used shall be monitored.

4. In case option (b) in paragraph 6 is chosen for baseline calculations, monitoring shall include the

amount of thermal energy generated by the new renewable energy technology.

5. In the case of renewable energy based water treatment technologies, water quality shall be

monitored to ensure that it conforms to drinking water quality specified in relevant national

microbiological water quality guidelines/standards of the host country. In case a national

standard/guideline is not available, the standards/guidelines by the World Health Organization

(WHO) or United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) shall be applied.

PDBP will conduct the annual monitoring by selecting the representative samples of the installed and

operated biogas plants in the specific monitoring period. As per the “Standard for sampling and surveys

for CDM project activities and programme of activities”, the sample size shall be chosen for a 90/10

precision (90% confidence interval and 10% margin of error) for parameter values used to determine

emission reductions. As 5 different sized biogas plants are being installed in the project area, Stratified

random samples per size category will be selected. Once number of samples required per size category is

calculated based on the number of plants constructed and operational in that monitoring period, samples

will be selected randomly from PDBP‟s electronic data base.

Enumerators will be trained on basic concept of the PDBP and administering of the developed

questionnaire before sending to the field. They will also fill questionnaires during the training process

and problems faced during the test filling will be shared and discussed to avoid similar problems in the

actual survey. Biogas Technicians of PDBP in the field will provide support if needed. Customized data

entry software will be developed and all the filled questionnaires will be recorded in the software. MIS

Officer of PDBP will check the quality of the data entered into the electronic database system.

Prior to the training, questionnaires will be translated in local language and pre-tested.

In order to estimate the leakage, By will be adjusted by the net to gross adjustment factor of 0.95 as

guided by the methodology.

In order to confirm the displacement of non renewable woody biomass, only the plant where the

household was using non renewable woody biomass in the baseline situation and using biogas for

cooking will be included in the CPA. The prior construction form for each of the households will be

filled to confirm the use of biomass for cooking in the baseline situation. The households not using the

biomass for cooking before the plant is constructed will not be included in any CPA. The displacement of

non renewable biomass will be confirmed by including only the operational biogas plants from where the

gas is being used for cooking,

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Fourth provisions of the monitoring is not relevant in this case as the quantity of biogas displaced is

calculated as the product of the number of appliances multiplied by the estimate of average annual

consumption of woody biomass per appliance.

Similarly fifth provision is not relevant in this case as this is not the case of renewable energy based

water treatment technologies.

Sampling Plan

Sampling objectives

PDBP will conduct the annual monitoring to find out the annual performance of the biogas plants

installed by selecting the representative samples of the installed and operated biogas plants in the specific

monitoring period.

Field Measurement Objectives and Data to be collected

Performance of the biogas plants installed will be monitored annually. As 5 different sized biogas plants

are being installed in the project area, Stratified random samples per size category will be selected. Once

number of samples required per size category is calculated based on the number of plants constructed and

operational in that monitoring period, samples will be selected randomly from PDBP‟s electronic data

base. Operational plant will be identified by asking the sample households if the plant installed in his/her

house is producing gas regularly or not.

The number of total installed plants will be multiplied by the percent of operational plants to get the

actual number of operational plants in that monitoring period.

Target Population and sampling frame

The total number of plants installed and operated in that monitoring period will be the total population.

Out of these plants samples will be selected. Proportionate samples will be selected from each size

category i.e. 4 m3, 6 m

3, 8 m

3, 10 m

3 and 15 m

3 biogas plants.

Sampling method

Stratified random sampling will be used to select the sample biogas plants. Stratification will be done by

size category of the plants. Once the total number of sample is calculated, the proportionate samples from

each size category will be selected to ensure the representation of all size plants. Within the strata a

simple random sampling will be used to select the sample.

Desired Precision/Expected Variance and Sample Size

As guided by the EB, the sample size shall be chosen for a 90/10 precision (90% confidence interval and

10% margin of error).

Once the samples are surveyed, percentage of the operational biogas plants out of plants included in the

monitoring period will be calculated.

Number of biogas plants operational for “M‟ months (during the monitoring period) will be sourced from

the plant completion forms.

The sample size is determined using the Standard for sampling and surveys for CDM project activities

and programme of activities. As required by AMS I.E for annual surveys, the level of precision will be

90/10. (90% confidence interval and 10% margin of error).

The minimum sample size is calculated using;

n = t2×p×q/d

2

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Where:

t = value for the standard normal distribution value, with an infinite number of readings, and for the

desired confidence level. For confidence level of 90% , t = 1.65

(pxq) = estimate of variance value = 0.25, meaning standard deviation (variability) of 50% is assumed.

d = acceptable margin of error (precision) for proportion being estimated 10%. As this is the real

precision expected, d would be 10%x50%

n = (1.65)2×.25/(0.1x0.5%)

2

= 272

In order to anticipate any low response rate and answers bias, 10% oversampling has been applied, giving

a minimum sample size of 300 retained for the monitoring surveys.

A biogas plant is operational means the household is using biogas for cooking and replacing the cooking

fuel used in the baseline situation. Those plants, where biomass was used in the baseline situation will be

considered for emission reduction. From the first Biogas users‟ survey conducted in CPA 1, the

operational percentage is 94%. It may vary but will be around this figure.

Procedures for Administering Data Collection and Minimizing Non-Sampling Errors

Enumerators will be trained on basic concept of the PDBP and filling of the developed questionnaire

before sending to the field. They will also fill questionnaires during the training process and problems

faced during the test filling will be shared and discussed to avoid similar problems in the actual survey.

Biogas Technicians of PDBP in the field will provide support if needed. Customized data entry software

will be developed and all the filled questionnaires will be recorded in the software. MIS Officer of PDBP

will check the quality of the data entered into the database system.

Prior to the training, questionnaires will be translated in local language and pre tested.

Implementation

Each plant installed will have an unique plant identification number and a data base is maintained at

PDBP offices. Random samples will be selected from the PDBP data base.

In order to estimate the leakage By will be adjusted by the net to gross adjustment factor of 0.95 as

guided by the methodology.

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Samples will be selected with stratified random sampling design to get the best representative samples

from the population. The enumerators will be trained and supervised to minimise the bias.

In order to anticipate any low response rate and answers bias, 10% oversampling has been applied, giving

a minimum sample size of 300 retained for the monitoring surveys. Please see section 7.2 below for

details.

While conducting the biogas users‟ survey, supervisors will double check randomly selected 5% of the

forms completed by the enumerators for quality assurance of the survey. The following table describe the

monitoring plan.

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Table 15: Monitoring Plan

Data to be

monitored

Description Frequency Data

source

Number of

biogas plants

operational for

“M’ months

(during the

monitoring

period)

Cumulative number of biogas plants operational

during the monitoring period under each CPA will

be obtained from project data base.

Annually Plant

Completi

on form

Operational

percentage of

the biogas

plants in the

monitoring

period.

Operational percentage of the biogas plants in the

monitoring period will be estimated from the

biogas users survey and will be the operational

percentage of all the biogas plants

Since the emissions reduction per system is less

than 5 tons of CO2e per year, number of operating

plants will be checked annually. For this purpose,

the Biogas Users‟ Survey will be conducted for

the representative samples annually. The sample

will include the proportionate representations

from 4 m3, 6 m

3, and 8 m

3, 10 m

3, 15 m

3 plants

included in each CPA.

Operational plant will be identified by asking the

sample households if the plant installed in his/her

house is producing gas regularly or not; and if the

household has been using cow/buffalo dung to

feed the plant. The enumerators will also

physically check the operational status of the plant

during the user‟s survey.

Some of the indicators they will check include;

physical condition of inlet, physical condition of

biogas stove, color of the flame and over flow of

the slurry among others.

Annually Annual

Biogas

User‟s

Survey

NRB displaced

or substituted

A biogas plant is operational means the household

is using biogas for cooking and replacing the

cooking fuel used in the baseline situation. In each

CPA, biogas user households using NRB for

cooking install biogas plants and the use of NRB

will be replaced by the biogas. Those biogas

plants, where biomass was used in the baseline

situation (confirmed by the prior construction

survey form) and households with operational

biogas plant (confirmed by the annual monitoring

through biogas users‟ survey) will be considered

for emission reduction.

Annually PDBP

data base

Annual

Biogas

Users‟

Survey

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Database software will be developed to store the data collected for biogas users‟ survey. The monitoring

data will be kept in the PDBP database for two years after end of crediting period or last CER

issuance.The figure below shows the flow chart of the proposed monitoring process at CPA level

Figure 6: Flow Chart of Monitoring Process

- - - - -

Unit 1 Unit 2

Un

it 5

Unit 6

Unit 3

Unit n

- Biogas Users‟ Survey Installed

Numbers

-

CPA

level

PoA

Managing entity

CPA‟s annual

monitoring report

Performance rate

of the installed

plants

-

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Appendix 1: Contact information on entity/individual responsible for the PoA

Organization Rural Support Programmes Network

Street/P.O. Box Street 49

Building House No.7

City F-6/4 Islamabad,

State/Region -

Postcode -

Country Pakistan

Telephone +92-51-2822476

Fax +92-51-2829115

E-mail [email protected]

Website www.rspn.org

Contact person Shandana Khan

Title CEO

Salutation Ms.

Last name Khan

Middle name -

First name Shandana

Department -

Mobile +92-300 – 5009506

Direct fax +92-51-2829115

Direct tel. -

Personal e-mail [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://rspn.org/

mailto:[email protected]

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Appendix 2: Affirmation regarding public funding

Besides from the investment of the households, there may be use of public fund. In such case, the

funding agency will issue a letter to confirm that the public funding to support to the PDBP does not

result in a diversion of Official Development Assistance and is separate from and is not counted towards

the donor country‟s financial obligations as party included in Annex 1 countries.

Each of the CPA may have different funding mix. Relevant information will be provided in CPA DDs.

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Appendix 3: Application of methodology(ies)

Detailed on application of methodology is described in Part I section B.3 and Part II section B.2.

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Appendix 4: Further background information on ex ante calculation of emission reductions

Detailed information on ex ante calculation of emission reductions is described in section B6.3 of Part II

of this PoA DD.

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Appendix 5: Further background information on the monitoring plan

Detailed Monitoring plan is described in section B.7.2 of Part II of this PoA DD.

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Appendix 6: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE of PDBP

Rural Support Program Network

Pakistan Domestic Biogas Program/RSPN

(Independent Entity guided by the Steering Committee)

Ministry of

Environment, Pakistan MoU

National Steering Committee

(Chaired by the representative of Ministry of Environment,

other members will be from key stakeholders)

Project office

(Faisalabad)

Project Office

Project Office

PDBP Office Islamabad

Biogas Construction Companies Biogas Construction Companies

Household Household Household Household

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Appendix 7: Competencies of the personnel currently working in the key positions

Management

Position

Management Roles Competencies of the personnel working in the

position

Chief Executive

Officer (CEO) Registration of PoA

Resource Mobilization

and identification of

partners for subsequent

CPAs

Decision on inclusion

of CPAs in the

registered PoA

Ms. Shandana Khan has over eighteen years of

extensive grassroots and policy level experience in

rural development, mainly in the Rural Support

Programmes. Her strengths are in project

management, their design and social assessment. Her

work at the RSPN has involved undertaking policy

advocacy with donors as well as with the highest

levels of government and associated institutions (e.g.

the National Reconstruction Bureau and the

Devolution Trust for Community Empowerment).

She contributed strategic insights and inputs into the

Pakistan Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, the Local

Government Ordinance 2001, gender mainstreaming

policies, and inclusion of social mobilisation in

government programmes at all levels. She has been

an advocate for meaningful, result-oriented

partnerships between the poor communities and the

government and private sector.

Shandana Khan is a strong team player and leader,

managing a team of over 100 multidisciplinary

professionals at RSPN. She has a social sciences

background, with a Masters degree in the Social and

Political Sciences from Pembroke College, University

of Cambridge as well as a Masters in International

Public Policy from the School of Advanced

International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins

University. She is widely traveled and comfortable in

multi-cultural settings. She is fluent in English, Urdu

and Pushto and functional in French.

Manager,

Special Projects Ensure Proper overall

management of PoA

Implementation of

Program of Activities

Technical review of the

eligibility of CPAs to

be included in the

registered PoA

Mr. Zeeshan Zahid is a qualified Chartered

Accountant and has been an Associate Member of the

Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan for last

10 years; He has 10 years post qualification and four

years pre qualification experience and has completed

articles with Deloitte. He has worked for Local as

well as International Development Organizations

funded by donors such as USAID, DFID, UNDP,

Save the Children, OSI, World Bank, International

Youth Foundation and Care. He has been working as

a head of finance and accounts departments in most of

the organizations for which he has worked and has a

full command over International Accounting and

Reporting and Auditing Standards, financial

management, cash flow management. He is well

versed with Pakistani laws, corporate and taxation.

His areas of strengths include project designing and

management.

He is responsible for the management of the special

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projects being implemented by RSPN including

PDBP.

Programme

Manager, PDBP Ensure the program

management as per the

guidelines of CDM

POA.

Check the CPAs as per

the eligibility criteria of

set in POA

Check the documentary

evidences to support

the eligibility criteria,

application of

methodology and

additionality criteria;

and compliance of

CPAs to be included in

the registered PoA

Train or organize

training programs for

CPA implementing

agency for CDM

processes and recent

UNFCCC guidelines

Awareness creation

about the POA among

potential project

partners.

Facilitate the process of

CPA DD development

Mr. Sajjad Haider has over 6 years of experience

working in the corporate as well as development

sector. Most notable among his work experience is his

research work on agriculture for Acumen Fund which

helped secure $5 million of investment into the

agriculture sector in Pakistan. He has worked with the

government departments via his job as Assistant

Project Manager at the Punjab Information

technology Board where he managed the Demand

Based Training (DBT) programme which helped train

over 14,000 citizens and government officials on

basic IT skills. He also has work experience at several

NGO‟s such as Kashf, SOS Villages, Association for

the Development of Pakistan and Shaukat Khanum

Hospital. During his stay in the United States he

worked at Kingland Systems doing research analysis.

Sajjad has Project Management Professional (PMP)

accreditation. He has done his MBA from Lahore

University of Management Sciences (LUMS) and has

a Bachelors of Science degree in Management

Information Systems from Iowa State University. His

strengths are in project management and research

analysis. At RSPN, his responsibilities include

managing the entire programme activities including

gaining donor support, managing project staff, getting

stakeholder support and ensure timely completion of

activities of the Pakistan Domestic Biogas

Programme.

Mr. Haider manages the Pakistan Domestic Biogas

Programme for last 2 and half years. He has attended

International workshops on managing domestic biogas

projects and how to deal with potential carbon

projects at the workshops.

Area manager Coordinate the CPA

level activities

Supervise the

management

information system

Facilitate the process of

monitoring and quality

control

Train or organize

training programs for

the construction of

plants and quality

control mechanism

Mr. Rana Amir Shafique has over 10 years of

experience working in development sector. He has

worked in a self sustainable development organization

Idara-e-Kissan for 8 years. He has worked with the

Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture as a project

manager/focal person of Islamabad Milk Plant project

which was joint venture of Idara-e-Kissan and

Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Rana Amir is

M.Sc. (honors) Food Sciences and Technology. His

strengths are management and research.

At RSPN/PDBP, for last 3 years his responsibilities

include managing the demand and supply side

activities of the programme in the central Punjab area,

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Gather the information

about the new CPA and

check the completeness

of the documentation

before forwarding to

the Programme

Manager.

including implementation of programme, quality

control, managing staff, development of partnerships

with potential stakeholder, their capacity building and

monitoring of the programme.

Finance Officer Investment analysis of

the CPA

Financial

Documentation Check

Ghulam Farid Khan has 19 years of professional

experience in accounts and finance and his overall

responsibilities include financial management,

taxation and administrative supervision. He worked as

an Accounts Officer with British Council Pakistan,

British Council London, Business Bureau UK, Tax

House Limited UK. Farid is ACCA, did graduate in

commerce from University of Punjab, Diploma in

Accounting and PGD from LCCMS London. He is

also qualified book keeper (distinction) from Institute

of certified book keepers UK.

At RSPN he is responsible for overall financial

analysis and management of PDBP project including

donor reporting, funds disbursements, finalization of

accounts, responsible to organize audit conducted by

the external auditors. Moreover he is also handling

administrative issues of the project at HO

MIS officer Develop and update the

data management

system and software

Data entry and

management in data

base system

Ensure there is no

double counting of any

plant within the CPA

and across the CPAs

Ensure the proper

management of records

related to plants and

users survey

Review the data

management system of

CPA

Train the MIS officer of

other CPAs

Mr. Sana Raheel worked as Business Center

Executive at Serena Hotel and trained staff members

about computer operations and applications. She

joined M.A. Jinnah Group of Colleges and taught

Bachelor level students of computer sciences for 2

years.

Sana is Bachelors of Computer Sciences with

distinction and won gold medal for securing 4/4

CGPA. She did her MBA from University of Central

Punjab in Finance and HR. At higher secondary

school level she won gold medal in computer

sciences, for securing first position in Faisalabad

Education Board.

At RSPN/PDBP she has developed the MIS system

in-house and is maintaining it. She monitors computer

systems in the programme office and trouble shoots

the problems. She is maintaining the GPS software,

too. She generates reports of plants according to

management‟s requirement and ensures proper backup

of database along with proper filing of plant records.

- - - - -

UNFCCC/CCNUCC


History of the document

Version Date Nature of revision(s)

09 September 10,

2012

Documentations were further updated by incorporating the

feedback from the Technical review.

08 July 31, 2012 Feedback from the Technical review were incorporated in the

documentations

07 June 30, 2012 The documents were updated in new format for PoADD (version 2)

06 April 12, 2012 As per the feedback from the DOE, eligibility criteria for inclusion

of a SSC CPA were further updated by including the Mean of proof

/ Evidence Document (to be checked at CPA inclusion).

Operational and management plan was updated.

05 March 28, 2012 As per the feedback from the DOE, eligibility criteria for inclusion

of a SSC CPA and additionality section were further updated.

04 January 27, 2012 As per the feedback from the DOE, eligibility criteria for inclusion

of a SSC CPA were updated and additionality section was further

updated.

03 November 11, 2011 As per the feedback from the DOE, calculation of NRB share was

updated by considering the low grade fuel wood and other

clarification were provided.

02 May 31, 2011 As per the feedback from the DOE, the additionality and

Monitoring section of the documents were updated. Emission

reduction calculation were updated as per the version 04 of the

methodology AMS I.E

01 November 1, 2010 Initial adoption.