1. 1. Dr Sitaram Khadka PharmD(Pak),PGDDM(Ind),RPh Clinical Pharmacist Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni Teaching Professionalism in Clinical Pharmacy Practice
2. 2. The goal of clinical pharmacy education is to prepare pharmacists with the appropriate skills, attitudes, knowledge, and values to make them competent professionals.
3. 3. Clinical Pharmacy as a Profession Clinical pharmacists are practitioners who provide comprehensive medication management and related care for patients in all health care settings They are licensed pharmacists with specialized advanced education and training who possess the clinical competencies necessary to practice in team- based, direct patient care environments
4. 4. Pharmacist Professional Commercial Personal Skill Attitude Knowledge
5. 5. Profession and Professionalism Profession The existence of a specialized body of knowledge, possession and the use of which enables to perform a highly useful social function. Society depends on the smooth functioning of the professions. Occupation or trade Vs Profession
6. 6. Profession Specialized Training/ Formal Education Service Orientatio n Leader ship Ethics/ Ideology Knowledge & Skills Accounta bility to work Recognized setting Pride in Profession
7. 7. Professionalism Merriam-Websters defines professionalism as a set of attitudes and behaviors believed to be appropriate to a particular occupation American Pharmacists Association Students of Pharmacy (now the Academy of Student Pharmacists) and the AACP (American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy) has described professionalism as the active demonstration of the traits of a professional.
8. 8. Professionalism: comprised of attitudes and behaviors. Attitudes often described and measured because of their relationship to behaviors. A professional attitude a feeling, emotion, or thought that upholds the ideals of a profession and serves as the basis for professional behavior.
9. 9. Attitudinal attributes of professionals are: Use of the professional organization as a major reference, Belief in service to the public, Sense of calling to the field, Autonomy.
10. 10. Professional behavior can also be described as behavioral professionalism behaving in a manner to achieve optimal outcomes in professional tasks and interactions
11. 11. Professional attitudes and corresponding behaviors Attitude Behavior Accountability Takes responsibility for actions Caring Volunteering Acts of service Desire for Self- improvement Continued learning Self-instruction Diversity Fair treatment of all people regardless of demographic characteristics Honesty Behaviors that demonstrate honesty and trustworthiness Open-minded Increased receptiveness to new ideas Respect Dresses appropriately Punctual Maintains confidentiality Responsibility to learn Comes to workplace prepared Actively participates in class activities, such as engages in discussion Team Player Engages in constructive peer assessment Accepts and applies constructive critique Values new experience Desire to seek out and take on new challenges
12. 12. Character Personal Reliabilit y Connection Interpersona l Compatibilit y Competenc e Profession al Capability Professionalism in Pharmacy
13. 13. As given by American College of Clinical Pharmacology (ACCP) Tenets of Professionalism for Pharmacy Students: Altruism Honesty and integrity Respect for others Professional presence Professional stewardship Dedication and commitment to excellence
14. 14. Clinical pharmacist Professionalism n Ethics Clinical pharmacists have a covenantal, fiducial relationship with their patients. This relationship relies on the trust placed in the clinical pharmacist by the patient and the commitment of the clinical pharmacist to act in the best interest of individual patients and patient populations, within the context of legal and ethical parameters. Clinical pharmacists exhibit the traits of professionalism: responsibility, commitment to excellence, respect for others, honesty and integrity, and care and compassion. They subscribe to the pharmacy professions code of ethics and adhere to all pharmacist-related legal and ethical standards.
15. 15. Teaching professionalism
16. 16. Professionalization or the development of professionalism must begin at the earliest stage of professional education.
17. 17. The greatest influence on students attitudes and behaviors are: 1.The values and behaviors that students bring into professional programs 2. Role models in the profession 3. Environments
18. 18. It is important to remember that students can be negatively socialized just as easily as they can be positively socialized. If a student comes into a program with values incompatible with those of the profession and the academic program, has negative role models and learns to practice in an unprofessional environment, there is a probability that student will neither develop nor exhibit a high level of professionalism.
19. 19. Colleges may have some or limited control over the influential factors for professionalism. More personal admission processes can help us to identify students attitudes as well as some personality traits, communication skills and other abilities.
20. 20. Students role models come in the form of more senior students, teaching assistants, faculty members & staff, administrators. We need to ask ourselves are these parties serving as positive professional role models for our students? If the answer is NO, then why not? What can the colleges do to enhance the professionalism of these role models in their interactions with our students/practitioners?
21. 21. Colleges have some control over the learning environment. How professional are our classrooms and laboratories? faculty members offices? the physical building(s) itself? How professional are the experiential settings in which students are practicing? These questions need to be answered to be able to establish programs to foster professional attitudes and behaviors.
22. 22. Four phases of the educational process where colleges could help to identify, develop and enhance student professionalism: Recruitment, Admissions, Educational programs, and Interface with practice.
23. 23. Examples The colleges code of ethics/conduct. Admissions criteria, policies, and procedures should give consideration not only to scholastic accomplishments, but also to other factors such as motivation, hospitals, Communities and communication capabilities. Efforts should be made in the selection of students to foster diversity.
24. 24. Why is Professionalism important? Impression of you Impression of the profession Credibility Improved relationships Healthcare team Patients Career security
25. 25. Professionalism is not sportsmanshipif you dont succeed, you wont be in your profession for long
26. 26. Challenges in teaching professionalism Lack of understanding HOW to teach and evaluate professionalism Communication barriers Generation gap Discomfort with discussing professionalism Incomplete professionalization of the practice environment
27. 27. Strategies for teaching professionalism in clinical practice Before the learner begins Set expectations for professional behavior as they relate to our practice site Absences and tardiness Following a standard practice schedule Examine your practice environment Is it conducive to professional behavior?
28. 28. Dress code Variation with specific patient populations Subject matter/Clinical skills Better outcome Interactions with patients and other health care providers Emphasis on service and patient loyalty
29. 29. When the learner begins... Incorporate professionalism discussion into orientation What does professionalism mean to you as a pharmacist? Why is it important? How will it be evaluated and assessed during this experience?
30. 30. Review specific expectations Policies related to dress code, tardiness, patient confidentiality, cell phone use Review evaluation criteria and consequences of failing to meet expectations for professional behavior.
31. 31. Pharmaceutical code of ethics Generally evolved from the medical code of ethics. Include guidelines for the pharmacists behavior and attitude both at the personal and professional levels. Basis of moral values The Pharmacist- Patient relationship. The Pharmacist- Colleagues relationship. The pharmacists self-improvement at the professional level. Duties of pharmacists: Pharmacist in relation to his job Pharmacist in relation to his trade Pharmacist in relation to medical profession Pharmacist in relation to his profession
32. 32. Professionalism isnt JUST the job you DO...its HOW you DO the job
33. 33. Thank you
34. 34. Any questions???